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FionaO'Leary, Coffey N, Burke FM, Roberts A, O'Regan P, Kirwan L, Plant B, Hayes M. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in a cohort of adults with cystic fibrosis - A cross sectional study. J Dent 2024; 144:104893. [PMID: 38373520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition. It is a multisystem disease treated with a broad range of pharmacological therapies, diet and nutrition, and physiotherapy. Previous studies suggest that people with cystic fibrosis have a higher prevalence of developmental defects of enamel which may place this population at a greater risk of developing oral diseases such as caries. The aim of this study was to assess a cohort of people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) for the presence of developmental defects of enamel and compare the results with a control group of people without cystic fibrosis. METHODS A cross sectional study involving 92 participants with cystic fibrosis and 92 controls was conducted in Cork University Dental School & Hospital. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire prior to undergoing a full clinical examination. The Developmental Defect of Enamel Index was used as a measurement index. All data was statistically analysed with the help of statisticians from Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland. RESULTS 64 % (n = 59) of PwCF had enamel defects compared to just 30 % (n = 28) of people without cystic fibrosis. The median number of teeth affected by enamel defects in the study group was 1.5, compared to 0 in the control group. CONCLUSION In this study the cohort of PwCF had more enamel defects than people without CF. Further research is required to investigate the aetiology of these findings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should be vigilant after teeth have erupted in PwCF as they may have an increased susceptibility to developmental defects of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- FionaO'Leary
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork.
| | - Niamh Coffey
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Francis M Burke
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Anthony Roberts
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Paul O'Regan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4
| | - Laura Kirwan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 W1V8
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Salerno C, Campus G, Camoni N, Cirio S, Caprioglio A, Cagetti MG. Is Italian Dentists' Knowledge of Enamel Development Defects Adequate? A Nationwide Survey. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00118-7. [PMID: 38679519 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Correct identification and management of Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDEs) are essential to provide the best possible treatment. The present survey aims to investigate Italian dentists' knowledge of DDEs, their ability to recognise the different clinical pictures, and to choose the most appropriate clinical approach. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was planned based on a questionnaire including 27 closed-ended questions, and that proposed 4 clinical pictures, molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), dental fluorosis (DF), and an initial caries lesion (ICL). It was distributed by e-mail to all Italian dentists (N = 63,883) through the Italian Federation of Doctors and Dentists. Discrete variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies (%). A multivariate analysis assessed whether socio-demographic variables correlated with the answers' truthfulness. RESULTS About 5017 questionnaires were included and analysed. Although 90.19% of the sample stated that they had received information on DDEs, a significant percentage did not recognise MIH (36.36%), AI (48.34%), DF (71.50%), and ICL (46.62%). Only 57.07% correctly classified enamel hypomineralisation as a qualitative defect, and even fewer, 54.45%, classified enamel hypoplasia as a quantitative defect. According to the logistic regressions, female dentists, dentists who treat mainly children and received information about DDEs, were more likely to recognise the 4 clinical pictures (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Italian dentists showed many knowledge gaps on DDEs that need to be filled; those who received formal training were more capable of correctly identifying the defects and were more likely to prescribe an appropriate management approach for the defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increasing university courses and continuing education on diagnosing and managing DDEs seems reasonable to fill the knowledge gap on DDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salerno
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nicole Camoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Caprioglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Landén I, Olander AE, Salmela E, Jahnukainen T, Ruokonen H, Alapulli H, Helenius-Hietala J. Oral findings in paediatric patients with severe heart, liver, and kidney failure prior to organ transplantation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:247-253. [PMID: 38483710 PMCID: PMC11058910 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for children with severe heart, liver, and kidney diseases. These patient groups may have more oral and dental diseases than healthy controls. It is important to eliminate oral infection foci before transplantation and to maintain good oral health to avoid potential post-transplant complications. The aim of this study was to describe and compare oral health in Finnish paediatric heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients prior to organ transplantation. METHODS Eighty-six children who received a heart (n = 21), liver (n = 19), or kidney (n = 46) transplant in Finland during the years 2014-2018 were included in this study. The inclusion criterion was a pre-transplantation oral examination. Oral hygiene, enamel anomalies, and the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) were analyzed retrospectively from medical and dental records and compared between the three patient groups. RESULTS Children with liver (p = 0.043) or heart (p = 0.047) disease had higher combined primary and permanent dentition dmft/DMFT scores compared to children with kidney disease. A higher combined dmft/DMFT score was associated with poor oral hygiene (p = 0.005). No significant differences in oral hygiene between the patient groups were found. Furthermore, all patient groups had a high prevalence of developmental dental defects. CONCLUSION Children with liver or heart disease seem to have a higher combined dmft/DMFT score, indicating a higher prevalence of caries compared to children with kidney disease. Prevention of dental caries, along with promoting a good oral hygiene routine and regular check-ups, is suggested in these patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Landén
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A E Olander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Salmela
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Ruokonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Alapulli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Helenius-Hietala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Reed SG, Fan S, Wagner CL, Lawson AB. Predictors of Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Maxillary Central Incisors Using Bayesian Model Selection. Caries Res 2023; 58:30-38. [PMID: 37918363 PMCID: PMC10922907 DOI: 10.1159/000534793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Localized non-inheritable developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) are classified as enamel hypoplasia (EH), opacity (OP), and post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) using the enamel defects index. To better understand the etiology of DDE, we assessed the linkages amongst exposome variables for these defects during the specific time duration for enamel mineralization of the human primary maxillary central incisor enamel crowns. In general, these two teeth develop between 13 and 14 weeks in utero and 3-4 weeks' postpartum of a full-term delivery, followed by tooth eruption at about 1 year of age. METHODS We utilized existing datasets for mother-child dyads that encompassed 12 weeks' gestation through birth and early infancy, and child DDE outcomes from digital images of the erupted primary maxillary central incisor teeth. We applied a Bayesian modeling paradigm to assess the important predictors of EH, OP, and PEB. RESULTS The results of Gibbs variable selection showed a key set of predictors: mother's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI); maternal serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus at gestational week 28; child's gestational age; and both mother's and child's functional vitamin D deficiency (FVDD). In this sample of healthy mothers and children, significant predictors for OP included the child having a gestational period >36 weeks and FVDD at birth, and for PEB included a mother's prepregnancy BMI <21.5 and higher serum phosphorus concentration at week 28. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our methodology and results provide a roadmap for assessing timely biomarker measures of exposures during specific tooth development to better understand the etiology of DDE for future prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G. Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research
Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sijian Fan
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carol L. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research
Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew B. Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of
South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Usher Institute, School of Medicine, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburg, UK
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Sezer B, Kaya R, Kodaman Dokumacıgil N, Sıddıkoğlu D, Güven S, Yıldız N, Alpay H, Kargül B. Assessment of the oral health status of children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:269-77. [PMID: 35499576 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various oral symptoms related to the disease and its management in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to investigate the oral health status of children with different stages of CKD, kidney transplant recipients (KTR), and healthy children. METHODS A total of seventy-one children diagnosed with CKD and fifty-two healthy children were included in the study. Each patient was examined for dental caries by the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT/dmft) index and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II), developmental defects of enamel (DDE) by the DDE index, and oral hygiene by the debris (DI), calculus (CI), and simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) indices. RESULTS The median number of DMFT/dmft was 1.00 (interquartile range (IQR):1.00-4.00) in children with stage 1-3 CKD, 0.00 (IQR: 0.00-2.50) in stage 4-5 children, 0.00 (IQR: 1.00-3.00) in KTR, and 8.00 (IQR: 1.00-13.00) in healthy children. According to ICDAS-II categories, the percentage of children with severe caries was 53.8% in healthy children, while it was 44.4% in KTR, 25.9% in stage 1-3, and 11.4% in stage 4-5 children. While the percentage of children with DDE was 88.8% in KTR, 80% in stage 4-5, and 66.7% in stage 1-3 children, this rate was 44.2% in healthy children. The highest mean OHI-S score was observed in stage 4-5 children (2.10 ± 1.08), followed by KTR (1.46 ± 1.19), stage 1-3 (1.27 ± 0.61), and healthy children (0.45 ± 0.44), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy children, children with CKD had more debris accumulation, calculus formation, and more DDE but a lower severity of dental caries. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Ndokaj A, Jedlinski M, Pasqualotto D, Stamegna C, Capocci M, Rinaldo F. Treatment of developmental defects of enamel. Clin Ter 2021; 171:e55-e56. [PMID: 33346328 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2021.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developmental defects of enamel are encountered daily in our dental practice. The management of enamel hypomineralized lesions may be challenging, especially as esthetic concern around the young population is increasing. Resin infiltration, a new technique firstly proposed to halt caries progression in the posterior segment, showed a strong positive esthetic effect in the treatment of developmental defects with different etiologies. Future in-vivo studies are needed to evaluate the longterm color stability, in order to provide a strong clinical recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ndokaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Jedlinski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy - Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomerian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - D Pasqualotto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Stamegna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Capocci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Rinaldo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Nogueira BR, Silva AM, de Castelo Branco Araújo T, Ferreira MC, Mendes RF, Prado Júnior RR. Exploring the association of predisposing factors of Cerebral Palsy and developmental defects of enamel: a case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:367-374. [PMID: 32860616 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and to analyze the effect of common factors in the etiology of CP on the occurrence of DDE. METHODS A case-control study was carried out using the modified DDE index to classify enamel defects. The study group (SG) consisted of 45 participants with CP aged between three and 14 years. The control group (CG) consisted of 88 normotypical schoolchildren, paired by gender and age group. Caregivers answered a questionnaire on their socioeconomic status and medical history. The Chi-square tests, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed (level significance < 0.05). RESULTS The occurrence of DDE in SG and CG was 60% and 64.8%, respectively (p value = 0.726). The most frequent defect observed in SG was diffuse opacity (44.4%), followed by demarcated opacity (26.7%) and enamel hypoplasia (2.2%). No difference was observed in the defect's distribution among both groups (p value = 0.083). For SG, the bivariate analysis revealed a statically significant association between the presence of DDE and age group 7-14 years old and maternal schooling below 11 years. After adjusting for confounding variables, age, family income and maternal schooling were not associated with DDE. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the occurrence of DDE was high and similar in both groups. The pre, peri or post-natal factors associated with CP were not significant for the presence of DDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bloco 5, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brasil
| | - A M Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bloco 5, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brasil.
| | - T de Castelo Branco Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bloco 5, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brasil
| | - M C Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Ceuma University, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - R F Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bloco 5, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brasil
| | - R R Prado Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bloco 5, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brasil
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Paixão-Gonçalves S, Corrêa-Faria P, Ferreira FM, Ramos-Jorge ML, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth with Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Longitudinal Study with a Multilevel Approach. Caries Res 2019; 53:667-674. [PMID: 31291628 DOI: 10.1159/000501029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of dental caries seems to be greater in the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). The aim was to determine whether the presence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children increases the risk of dental caries in the primary dentition after a period of approximately 2 years. This study was conducted in two stages: baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). At T0, examinations were conducted for the diagnosis of enamel defects using the DDE index (FDI, 1992), dental caries, and oral hygiene. The participants were allocated to two groups according to the presence (affected) or absence (unaffected) of DDE. At the second evaluation (T1), examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries. Poisson regression analysis with a multilevel approach was used to determine the association between DDE and dental caries. The two levels of the analysis were tooth and child. Among the 339 children (113 affected and 226 unaffected) examined at baseline (T0), 325 were re-examined at follow-up (T1). According to the multilevel analysis, teeth with enamel hypoplasia had a greater risk of having dental caries (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19-3.33). The risk of caries was greater on posterior teeth (RR: 2.59; 95% CI: 2.18-3.07) and maxillary teeth (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26-1.75) that had DDE at T0. On the child level, dental caries at T1 was associated with having dental caries at T0 (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32-1.46). In conclusion, enamel hypoplasia and previous dental caries are risk factors for carious lesions in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Corrêa-Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Costa FS, Silveira ER, Pinto GS, Nascimento GG, Thomson WM, Demarco FF. Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2017; 60:1-7. [PMID: 28347809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition. SOURCES Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Scielo for the identification of relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies that examined the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the deciduous dentition were included. Additionally, meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis were employed to synthesize the available evidence. Multivariable meta-regression analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity among studies. DATA A total of 318 articles were identified in the electronic searches. Of those, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates revealed that children with developmental defects of enamel had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 3.32; 95%CI 2.41-4.57), with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 80%). Methodological characteristic of the studies, such as where it was conducted, the examined teeth and the quality of the study explained about 30% of the variability. Concerning type of defect, children with hypoplasia and diffuse opacities had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 4.28; 95%CI 2.24-8.15; OR1.42; 95%CI 1.15-1.76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a clear association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Ethieli R Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S Pinto
- College in Dentistry, Faculdade Especializada na Área de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Federal University of Pelotas and Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Flávio F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Mastora A, Vadiakas G, Agouropoulos A, Gartagani-Panagiotopoulou P, Gemou Engesaeth V. Developmental defects of enamel in first permanent molars associated with use of asthma drugs in preschool aged children: A retrospective case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:105-111. [PMID: 28255932 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the occurrences of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), in first permanent molars, and bronchodilators and/or corticosteroid intake for asthma-like episodic treatment at preschool age, in 6-12 year old children. METHODS Children of the case group (n = 70) were followed in the Paediatric Pulmonary Unit and the Unit of Allergology, Asthma and Inflammation at 'Aghia Sofia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece and had used asthma drugs during their first 4 years of life. The control group (n = 70) consisted of healthy children who visited the Postgraduate Paediatric Dental Clinic, University of Athens. Information regarding demographic data, medical history, pregnancy, birth weight, duration of breastfeeding, mother's smoking habits and antibiotic use at preschool age was obtained through a structured questionnaire. Details concerning asthma drugs used were extracted from medical records. The children in both groups underwent an oral examination under standard clinical conditions and all surfaces of first permanent molars were assessed for enamel defects using the modified DDE Index. Chi square statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS DDE were present in 24 children (34.3%) in the case group and only in 6 (8.6%) in the control, with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (p < 0.001), while the estimated odds ratio was 5.56. Among the children with DDE in the case group, 41.6% had at least one hypoplastic molar with loss of enamel. The type of asthma drug, age at treatment onset and duration of drug use were not significantly associated with the severity or extent of DDE. Among the possible influential factors, gender was the only statistical significant factor. CONCLUSIONS Children treated with asthma drugs for asthma-like episodes at a preschool age showed an overall increased risk for developing enamel defects in their first permanent molars. Severe hypoplastic lesions with loss of enamel was a frequent finding among affected molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mastora
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Athens, Greece.
| | - G Vadiakas
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Athens, Greece
| | - A Agouropoulos
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Athens, Greece
| | | | - V Gemou Engesaeth
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of mild hypomineralization due to developmental defects on tooth surfaces poses a challenge for caries detection and caries risk assessment and reliable methods need to be developed to discriminate such lesions from active caries lesions that need intervention. Previous studies have demonstrated that areas of hypomineralization are typically covered with a relatively thick surface layer of highly mineralized and transparent enamel similar to arrested lesions. Seventy-six extracted human teeth with mild to moderate degrees of suspicious fluorosis were imaged using near-infrared reflectance and transillumination. Enamel hypomineralization was clearly visible in both modalities. However, it was difficult to distinguish hypomineralization due to developmental defects from caries lesions with contrast measurements alone. The location of the lesion on tooth coronal surface (i.e. generalized vs. localized) seems to be the most important indicator for the presence of enamel hypomineralization due to developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Andrew Jang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Alkhtib A, Ghanim A, Temple-Smith M, Messer LB, Pirotta M, Morgan M. Prevalence of early childhood caries and enamel defects in four and five-year old Qatari preschool children. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:73. [PMID: 27539009 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease in early childhood in most communities worldwide. Several studies conducted in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries have documented a high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). To date, no studies have been conducted in Qatar to examine the prevalence of ECC and enamel developmental defects in preschool children. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ECC and enamel defects in preschool children aged four and five years attending kindergartens in Qatar. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among 250 children randomly selected from 16 public kindergartens. Caries experience was measured using the World Health Organization caries criteria (dmft) for tooth rather than surface; enamel defects were scored by the modified developmental defects of enamel index. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test of relatedness were used. Results A response rate of 63 % was reported. The overall caries prevalence of the study sample was 89.2 %; 15.6 % of the examined children had ECC and 73.6 % had severe ECC. Developmental enamel defects were present in 39 % of children and 27 % had demarcated enamel opacities. Conclusion The high rate of dental caries and enamel defects recorded in this study for this young age group has strongly emphasized the necessity of community-based preventive programs and professional care that should begin during pregnancy and in early childhood.
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