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Ceccanti S, Vecchiani S, Leonangeli G, Burgalassi S, Federigi I, Carducci A, Verani M. How to Evaluate If Microorganisms Isolated From Sterile Drug Production Environments Monitoring Are Undesirable. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1682-1688. [PMID: 38325736 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the identification of undesirable microorganisms (MOs) recovered during the environmental monitoring in manufacture of sterile medicinal products. We developed a methodology evaluation based on a decision tree; then, such approach was applied to hypothetical scenarios of uncommon MOs isolation in sterile drugs production settings. The scenarios were formulated on the basis of our field experience, in terms of both MOs selection and types of sampling site. The MOs were chosen in order to include emerging pathogens and MOs responsible for drug recall, and several sampling sites were considered for their detection (air, surfaces, and personnel). The classification of the unusual MOs revealed that most of them were undesirable, because they represented the loss of environmental control or a potential impact on the quality of the product. In some cases, the uncommon MOs were not considered as undesirable. Therefore, our results demonstrated the importance of a methodology, also in terms of recovery rate of unusual MOs and of the threshold probability for the unacceptability (e.g., 1% or 5%). The proposed methodology allowed an easy and documented evaluation for the undesirable MOs isolated from the environment of the analyzed settings for sterile drugs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ceccanti
- Abiogen Pharma, Quality Unit, Via Meucci 36, Ospedaletto, 56014 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vecchiani
- Abiogen Pharma, Quality Unit, Via Meucci 36, Ospedaletto, 56014 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Leonangeli
- Abiogen Pharma, Quality Unit, Via Meucci 36, Ospedaletto, 56014 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ileana Federigi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Verani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Baderdin S, Janousek J, Brandstaetter H, Morley N, Weber L, Sobańtka A. Impact of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide on the efficacy of the human derived coagulation factor IX. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122664. [PMID: 36738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-borne leachables such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and N-3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide (DMAPMA) may interact with therapeutic proteins. In this study, the leachables were spiked into human derived coagulation factor IX (FIX) at concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µg/mL, corresponding to a leachable - FIX ratio of 0.5, 5, 25, 50 and 250 %, respectively. The spiked samples were visually inspected, and pH was measured. No visual effects were observed, and pH was within the drug product's specified range. Recovery experiments were performed and no loss of leachables was identified. Protein structure analysis revealed that formaldehyde reacted with lysine contained in two different positions of FIX, in a concentration-dependent manner starting at 10 µg/mL (5 %). The clotting activity of FIX was measured. The activity of the samples spiked with 500 µg/mL (250 %) of formaldehyde dropped by more than half. The activity of the samples spiked with acetaldehyde began to drop at 50 µg/mL (25 %) and continued to decline in concentration-dependent manner. DMAPMA did not impair the activity of FIX. The findings conclude that depending on the concentration, some leachables may react with or modify therapeutic proteins, potentially causing an undesired pharmacological effect however, this is specific to each protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Baderdin
- Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges.m.b.H, Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janine Janousek
- Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges.m.b.H, Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Lisa Weber
- A&M Stabtest Labor für Analytik und Stabilitätsprüfung GmbH, Bergheim, Germany
| | - Alicja Sobańtka
- Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges.m.b.H, Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vienna, Austria.
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Burgalassi S, Ceccanti S, Vecchiani S, Leonangeli G, Federigi I, Carducci A, Verani M. Objectionable microorganisms in pharmaceutical production: Validation of a decision tree. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105984. [PMID: 34455086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The release of quality, safe, and effective non-sterile drugs needs to exclude the presence of objectionable microorganisms, which include microorganisms potentially involved in product degradation, or considered as poor hygiene indicator during manufacturing, or causing adverse effect on patient's health. In this paper, a method allowing objective and verifiable evaluations has been investigated through the development of a suitable decision tree with a template for data collection. The decision tree has been used to establish which microorganisms were objectionables, using several hypothetical scenarios in which 24 different biological agents, both harmless microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens, were combined with 9 different products, representing each type of administration route for non-sterile drugs. The results showed that the use of aforementioned approach makes the microorganisms evaluation easy and verifiable and highlighted that even the microbes initially considered harmless could be objectionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Burgalassi
- Department Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Ceccanti
- Abiogen Pharma, Microbiology Laboratory, Via Meucci 36, I- Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vecchiani
- Abiogen Pharma, Microbiology Laboratory, Via Meucci 36, I- Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Leonangeli
- Abiogen Pharma, Microbiology Laboratory, Via Meucci 36, I- Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ileana Federigi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Marco Verani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, Pisa I-56127, Italy
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Hubbard A, Roedl T, Hui A, Knueppel S, Eppler K, Lehnert S, Maa YF. Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination or Sanitization of an Isolator for Aseptic Filling of Monoclonal Antibody Drug Product-Hydrogen Peroxide Uptake and Impact on Protein Quality. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2018; 72:348-366. [PMID: 29545321 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody drug product manufacturing process was transferred to a different production site, where aseptic filling took place within an isolator that was decontaminated (sanitized) using vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP). A quality-by-design approach was applied for study design to understand the impact of VPHP uptake on drug product quality. Both small-scale and manufacturing-scale studies were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and characterize VPHP uptake mechanisms in the filling process. The acceptable H2O2 uptake level was determined to be 100 ng/mL for the antibody in the H2O2 spiking study; protein oxidation was observed above this threshold. The most prominent sources of VPHP uptake were identified to be the silicone tubing assembly (associated with the peristaltic pumps) and open, filled vials. Silicone tubing, an effective depot to H2O2, absorbs VPHP during different stages of the filling process and transmits H2O2 into the drug product solution during filling interruptions. A small-scale isolator model, established to simulate manufacturing-scale conditions, was a useful tool in understanding H2O2 uptake in relation to tubing dimensions and VPHP concentration in the isolator air (or atmosphere). Although the tubing assembly had absorbed a substantial amount of VPHP during the decontamination phase, the majority of H2O2 could be removed during tubing cleaning and sterilization in the subsequent isolator aeration phase, demonstrating that H2O2 in the final drug product solution is primarily taken up from residual VPHP in the isolator during filling. Picarro sensor monitoring demonstrated that the validated VPHP aeration process generates reproducible residual VPHP profiles in isolator air, allowing small-scale studies to provide relevant recommendations on tubing size and interruption time limits for commercial manufacturing. The recommended process parameters were demonstrated to be acceptable and rendered no product quality impact in six consecutive manufacturing batches in the process validation campaign. Overall, this case study provides process development scientists and engineers an in-depth understanding of the VPHP process and a science-based approach to mitigating drug product quality impact.LAY ABSTRACT: While the use of vapor phase hydrogen peroxide as a sanitizing agent for isolator and cleanroom decontamination has gained popularity in recent years, its impact on product quality during aseptic manufacturing of biopharmaceutical drug products is yet to be fully understood. With this scope in mind, this case study offers a detailed account of defining process parameters and developing their operating ranges to ensure that the impact to product quality is minimized. Both small-scale and manufacturing-scale studies were performed to assess the sensitivity of a monoclonal antibody to hydrogen peroxide, to characterize hydrogen peroxide uptake sources and mechanisms, and to eventually define process parameters and their ranges critical for minimizing product quality impact. The approach and outcome of this study is expected to benefit scientists and engineers who develop biologic product manufacturing processes by providing a better understanding of drug product process challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hubbard
- Pharmaceutical Processing and Technology Development, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas Roedl
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; and
| | - Ada Hui
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephanie Knueppel
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; and
| | - Kirk Eppler
- Pharmaceutical Processing and Technology Development, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Siegfried Lehnert
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; and
| | - Yuh-Fun Maa
- Pharmaceutical Processing and Technology Development, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA;
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