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Janssen LHC, Verkuil B, van Houtum LAEM, Wever MCM, Wentholt WGM, Elzinga BM. A closer look into the affect dynamics of adolescents with depression and the interactions with their parents: An ecological momentary assessment study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02447-1. [PMID: 38762682 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents with depression tend to perceive behavior of parents as less positive than adolescents without depression, but conclusions are based on retrospective reports assessed once or over long time intervals, with the risk of memory biases affecting the recall. The current study used ecological momentary assessments to examine the link between adolescent affect and the amount of warmth and criticism expressed by both mothers and fathers in families with adolescents with depression versus adolescents without psychopathology in daily life. It also explored the possible bias by assessing parenting on the momentary, daily (EMA), and retrospective level. The sample consisted of 34 adolescents with depression and 58 parents and 80 healthy controls and 151 parents (adolescents: Mage = 15.8, SD = 1.41; 67.5% girls, parents: Mage = 49.3, SD = 5.73; 54.1% mothers). Participants completed retrospective questionnaires and four surveys a day for 14 consecutive days. Preregistered multilevel models showed that momentary parenting reports of adolescents with depression and healthy controls did not differ. The associations between perceived parenting of both mothers and fathers and adolescent affect did also not differ between the two groups. These results illustrate that adolescents generally benefit from supportive parenting, but substantial differences between individuals were found. In contrast to the momentary data, both adolescents with depression and their parents did report more negative parenting on retrospective questionnaires than healthy controls and their parents indicating that adolescents with depression may have a negativity bias in their retrospective recall. These findings are highly relevant for clinical practice and underscore the need for careful assessments on different time scales and including all family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes H C Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Bart Verkuil
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne A E M van Houtum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C M Wever
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wilma G M Wentholt
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
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Bogudzińska B, Jaworski A, Zajdel A, Skrzypek K, Misiak B. The experience sampling methodology in psychosis risk states: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:34-41. [PMID: 38704979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The experience sampling method (ESM) is a structured diary technique, which is used to assess thoughts, mood and appraise subjective experiences in daily life. It has been recognized as a useful tool for understanding the characteristics, dynamics, and underlying mechanisms of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The present systematic review aimed to provide a qualitative synthesis of findings provided by the ESM studies conducted in people with psychosis risk states. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Ultimate, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases, utilizing search terms related to the ESM and the risk of psychosis was conducted. Out of 1069 publication records identified, 77 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Data were synthesized around the following topics: 1) assessment of symptoms dynamics and social functioning; 2) assessment of the mechanisms contributing to the emergence of psychotic experiences and 3) assessment of stress sensitivity. The studies have shown that negative emotions are associated with subsequent development of paranoia. The tendency to draw hasty conclusions, aberrant salience, self-esteem, and emotion regulation were the most frequently reported mechanisms associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences. Studies using the ESM also provided evidence for the role of stress sensitivity, in the development of psychotic symptoms. The ESM has widely been applied to studies investigating psychosis risk states, using a variety of protocols. Findings from this systematic review might inform future studies and indicate potential targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Bogudzińska
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Scholten S, Schemer L, Herzog P, Haas JW, Heider J, Winter D, Reis D, Glombiewski JA. Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy. Adm Policy Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s10488-024-01363-5. [PMID: 38467950 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-024-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Our objective is to implement a single-case experimental design (SCED) infrastructure in combination with experience-sampling methods (ESM) into the standard diagnostic procedure of a German outpatient research and training clinic. Building on the idea of routine outcome monitoring, the SCED infrastructure introduces intensive longitudinal data collection, individual effectiveness measures, and the opportunity for systematic manipulation to push personalization efforts further. It aims to empower psychotherapists and patients to evaluate their own treatment (idiographic perspective) and to enable researchers to analyze open questions of personalized psychotherapy (nomothetic perspective). Organized around the principles of agile research, we plan to develop, implement, and evaluate the SCED infrastructure in six successive studies with continuous stakeholder involvement: In the project development phase, the business model for the SCED infrastructure is developed that describes its vision in consideration of the context (Study 1). Also, the infrastructure's prototype is specified, encompassing the SCED procedure, ESM protocol, and ESM survey (Study 2 and 3). During the optimization phase, feasibility and acceptability are tested and the infrastructure is adapted accordingly (Study 4). The evaluation phase includes a pilot implementation study to assess implementation outcomes (Study 5), followed by actual implementation using a within-institution A-B design (Study 6). The sustainability phase involves continuous monitoring and improvement. We discuss to what extent the generated data could be used to address current questions of personalized psychotherapy research. Anticipated barriers and limitations during the implementation processes are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Scholten
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Lea Schemer
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Philipp Herzog
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Julia W Haas
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Jens Heider
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Dorina Winter
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Dorota Reis
- Applied Statistical Modeling, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia Anna Glombiewski
- Department of Psychology, Pain and Psychotherapy Research Lab, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, 76829, Landau, Germany
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Schat E, Tuerlinckx F, De Ketelaere B, Ceulemans E. Real-time detection of mean and variance changes in experience sampling data: A comparison of existing and novel statistical process control approaches. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1459-1475. [PMID: 37118646 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective analyses of experience sampling (ESM) data have shown that changes in mean and variance levels may serve as early warning signs of an imminent depression. Detecting such early warning signs prospectively would pave the way for timely intervention and prevention. The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) procedure seems a promising method to scan ESM data for the presence of mean changes in real-time. Based on simulation and empirical studies, computing and monitoring day averages using EWMA works particularly well. We therefore expand this idea to the detection of variance changes and propose to use EWMA to prospectively scan for mean changes in day variability statistics (i.e.,s 2 , s , ln( s )). When both mean and variance changes are of interest, the multivariate extension of EWMA (MEWMA) can be applied to both the day averages and a day statistic of variability. We evaluate these novel approaches to detecting variance changes by comparing them to EWMA-type procedures that have been specifically developed to detect a combination of mean and variance changes in the raw data: EWMA-S 2 , EWMA-ln(S 2 ), and EWMA- X ¯ -S 2 . We ran a simulation study to examine the performance of the two approaches in detecting mean, variance, or both types of changes. The results indicate that monitoring day statistics using (M)EWMA works well and outperforms EWMA-S 2 and EWMA-ln(S 2 ); the performance difference with EWMA- X ¯ -S 2 is smaller but notable. Based on the results, we provide recommendations on which statistic of variability to monitor based on the type of change (i.e., variance increase or decrease) one expects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schat
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 Box 3713, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Francis Tuerlinckx
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 Box 3713, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Ketelaere
- Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 Box 3713, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Contreras A, Blanchard MA, Mouguiama-Daouda C, Heeren A. When eco-anger (but not eco-anxiety nor eco-sadness) makes you change! A temporal network approach to the emotional experience of climate change. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 102:102822. [PMID: 38159371 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research on the emotional experience of climate change has become a hot topic. Yet uncertainties remain regarding the interplay between climate change-related emotions (i.e., eco-anxiety, eco-anger, eco-sadness), general emotions (i.e., regardless of climate change), and pro-environmental behaviors. Most previous research has focused on cross-sectional studies, and eco-emotions in everyday life have seldom been considered. In this preregistered study, 102 participants from the general population rated their eco-emotions (i.e., eco-anxiety, eco-anger, eco-sadness), general emotions (i.e., anxiety, anger, sadness), and pro-environmental intentions and behaviors daily over a 60-day period. Using a multilevel vector autoregressive approach, we computed three network models representing temporal (i.e., from one time-point to the next), contemporaneous (i.e., during the same time-frame), and between-subject (i.e., similar to cross-sectional approach) associations between variables. Results show that eco-anger was the only predictor of pro-environmental intentions and behaviors over time. At the contemporaneous level, the momentary experience of each eco-emotion was associated with the momentary emotional experience of the corresponding general emotion, indicating the distinctiveness of each eco-emotion and the correspondence between its experience and that of its general, non-climate-related emotion. Overall, our findings 1) emphasize the driving role of eco-anger in prompting pro-environmental behaviors over time, 2) suggest a functional and experiential distinction between eco-emotions, and 3) provide data-driven clues for the field's larger quest to establish the scientific foundations of eco-emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Contreras
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; National Foundation for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium.
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6
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Rónai L, Hann F, Kéri S, Ettinger U, Polner B. Emotions under control? Better cognitive control is associated with reduced negative emotionality but increased negative emotional reactivity within individuals. Behav Res Ther 2024; 173:104462. [PMID: 38159416 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Associations between impaired cognitive control and maladaptive emotion regulation have been extensively studied between individuals. However, it remains unclear if this relationship holds within individuals. In this study, we tested the assumption that momentary within-person fluctuation in cognitive control (working memory updating and response inhibition) is associated with emotional reactivity in everyday life. We conducted an experience sampling study (eight two-hourly prompts daily) where participants repeatedly performed short 2-back and Go/no-go tasks in daily life. We assessed negative and positive affective states, and unpleasantness of a recent event to capture emotional reactivity. We analyzed two overlapping samples: a Go/no-go and a 2-back dataset (N = 161/158). Our results showed that better momentary working memory updating was associated with decreased negative affect if the recent event was on average unpleasant for the given individual. However, better-than-average working memory updating in interaction with higher event-unpleasantness predicted higher negative affect levels (i.e., higher negative emotional reactivity). These findings may challenge the account of better cognitive control being universally related to adaptive emotion regulation. Although it is unlikely that emotional reactivity boosts working memory, future studies should establish the direction of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Rónai
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Hann
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery - Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Bertalan Polner
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Volsa S, Lewetz D, Mlakic V, Bertagnoli C, Hochstöger S, Rechl M, Sertic H, Batinic B, Stieger S. Development of an open-source solution to facilitate the use of one-button wearables in experience sampling designs. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-023-02322-y. [PMID: 38233633 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The experience sampling method (ESM) allows for a high degree of ecological validity compared to laboratory research, at the cost of greater effort for participants. It would therefore benefit from implementations that reduce participant effort. In the present paper, we introduce a screenless wrist-worn one-button wearable as an unobtrusive measurement method that can be employed in ESM designs. We developed an open-source Android application to make this commercially available wearable easily configurable and usable. Over the course of six pilot studies, we explored the technical viability (e.g., battery life, reliability of inputs) of this wearable. We compared data quality between wearables and smartphones in a within-subjects design, exploring both the input options of using the number of button presses as a Likert scale, as well as using the angle of the device as a Physical Analogue Scale. Assessments of Extraversion made with either of these methods were highly correlated to comparable assessments made with comparable methods on a smartphone (i.e., Likert scale or a Visual Analogue Scale, respectively). Furthermore, in a preregistered ESM field experiment (N = 134, 4 weeks), we compared compliance to real-life event triggers between wearable devices and smartphones. We found higher numbers of logged events in the wearable group, indicating better adherence to the event-contingent scheduling. Overall, despite the device's minimal capabilities and resulting limitations, one-button wearables can be beneficial for use in ESM designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Volsa
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - David Lewetz
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Vinka Mlakic
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Chiara Bertagnoli
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Samantha Hochstöger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Martina Rechl
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannah Sertic
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Bernad Batinic
- Department of Work, Organizational and Media Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Lionarons JM, Delespaul PAEG, Hellebrekers DMJ, Broen MPG, Klinkenberg S, Faber CG, Hendriksen JGM, Vles JSH. Use of the experience sampling method in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a feasibility study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02317-2. [PMID: 37914846 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Experience sampling methods (ESM) using mobile health (mHealth) technology with a smartphone application are increasingly used in clinical practice and research. Still, recommendations are limited in young people, and adaptations may be necessary. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are chronically treated with steroids from a young age. However, the impact of intermittent treatment schedules on fluctuations in somatic, cognitive and behavioural symptoms is poorly investigated. Existing studies are often cross-sectional and occur in controlled clinical settings, which do not provide sufficiently detailed insights into possible correlations. ESM might alleviate these problems. ESM innovates data collection with a smartphone application, which repeatedly assesses specific symptoms and contextual factors at random moments in daily life. We aimed to evaluate its feasibility in adolescents with DMD. In three (without/with/without steroids) 4-day periods of ESM, that were nested in 10/10 or 11/9 day on/off-medication periods, we evaluated its user-friendliness and compliance, and explored its ability to objectify fluctuations in somatic, cognitive and behavioural symptom severity and their relationship with contextual factors in seven DMD patients (age range 12-18 years) using intermittent corticosteroid treatment (dosage range 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/day). Patients reported that ESM was convenient and user-friendly. We were able to capture extensive intra-individual symptom fluctuations during intermittent corticosteroid treatment that were not revealed by routine clinical assessment. Implementing ESM to evaluate symptom fluctuation patterns in relation to treatment effects shows promise in adolescents with DMD. Optimization in further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Lionarons
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Philippe A E G Delespaul
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Mondriaan Mental Health Trust, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique M J Hellebrekers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus P G Broen
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Klinkenberg
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G Faber
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Center for Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
- Duchenne Centre Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan S H Vles
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Liu ZJ, Hu J, Tian Y, Xi YT. "Have to do" or "willing to do": Examining the relationship between self-control and academic emotions using experience sampling method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20598. [PMID: 37817993 PMCID: PMC10560780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the antecedents of academic emotions among university students through real-time and multilevel analyses. We explored the link between state self-control and academic emotions, the influence of self-determination on the relationship between them, and the moderating role of trait self-control. The data was collected over seven consecutive days during which university students (N = 155) completed smartphone questionnaires. Data was organized into hierarchical two-level structures, where situations (Level 1) nested within individuals (Level 2). The results showed that positive emotions were negatively predicted by state self-control while negative emotions were positively predicted by state self-control. Moreover, state self-control under low self-determination was a significant negative predictor of positive emotions, whereas high self-determination had no predictive effect on positive emotions. The relationship between self-determination and negative emotions was further moderated by trait self-control. The limitations of this study and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- School of Foreign Language, Hubei University of Technology Engineering and Technology College, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xi
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, China
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Chen T, Wang P, Wang Y, Irish M. Combining experience sampling with temporal network analysis to understand inertia of negative emotion in dysphoria. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:246-253. [PMID: 37315591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional inertia refers to the resistance to update or change an emotional state and is a hallmark of maladaptive emotional dynamics in psychopathology. Little is known, however, about the role of emotion regulation in negative emotional inertia in dysphoria. The current study aimed to explore the association between inertia of discrete negative emotions, and emotion-specific emotion regulation strategy selection use and efficacy in dysphoria. METHODS The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was used to divide university students into a dysphoria (N = 65) and non-dysphoria control (N = 62) group. Using an experience sampling approach delivered via a smartphone app, participants were queried semi-randomly regarding negative emotions and emotion regulation strategies 10 times a day for 7 consecutive days. Temporal network analysis was employed to estimate autoregressive connections for each discrete negative emotion (inertia of negative emotion) and the bridge connections between negative emotion and emotion regulation clusters. RESULTS Participants with dysphoria showed stronger inertia for anger and sadness in the context of the use of emotion-specific regulation strategies. Specifically, individuals with dysphoria displaying greater inertia of anger were more likely to ruminate about the past to cope with anger, and to ruminate on the past and future when experiencing sadness. LIMITATIONS Lack of a clinical depression patient group for comparison. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an inflexibility to adaptively shift attention from discrete negative emotions in dysphoria and provide important insights for development of interventions to support wellbeing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pengchong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muireann Irish
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Michel C, Lerch S, Büetiger JR, Flückiger R, Cavelti M, Koenig J, Kaess M, Kindler J. An ecological momentary assessment study of age effects on perceptive and non-perceptive clinical high-risk symptoms of psychosis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1841-1852. [PMID: 35585271 PMCID: PMC9116495 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), perceptive symptoms are more frequent but have less clinical significance in children/adolescents compared to adults. However, findings are based on clinical interviews relying on patient's recall capacity. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to explore experiences in real-time in the subject's daily life. The aim of this study was to assess frequency and stability of (perceptive and non-perceptive) CHR symptoms and to explore potential age effects. EMA was used in a sample of an early detection for psychosis service in Bern, Switzerland (N = 66; 11-36 years). CHR symptoms were recorded in random time intervals for seven days: eight assessments per day per subject, minimum time between prompts set at 25 min. CHR symptoms were additionally assessed with semi-structured interviews including the 'Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes' and the 'Schizophrenia Proneness Instruments'. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis on the frequency of CHR symptoms revealed a significant effect of age group, and the interaction CHR symptoms x age group for both perceptive and non-perceptive symptoms. Further, regarding stability of CHR symptoms, there was a significant effect of the interaction CHR symptoms x age group for perceptive symptoms only. Based on EMA, perceptive CHR symptoms were more frequently reported but less stable in children/adolescents compared with adults. Together with previous findings, our finding of higher instability/variability of perceptive symptoms in younger persons might suggest that with advancing age and more stability of CHR symptoms, clinical relevance (reduced psychosocial functioning) may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S Lerch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J R Büetiger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Flückiger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Cavelti
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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van den Brink B, Jongkind M, Wijzenbroek W, Duif M, Braam AW, Delespaul P, Schaap-Jonker H. The Experience Sampling Method: A New Way of Assessing Variability of the Emotional Dimensions of Religiosity and Spirituality in a Dutch Psychiatric Population. J Relig Health 2023; 62:3687-3701. [PMID: 37418048 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are often regarded as being relatively stable over time. The present exploratory experience sampling method (ESM) study aims to assess the variability of three R/S parameters concerning affective representations of God and spiritual experiences in a psychiatric population. Depressed in- and outpatients self-identifying as being spiritual or religious participated, from two Dutch mental health care institutions. The twenty-eight participants rated momentary affective R/S-variables up to 10 times per day over a 6-day period when prompted by a mobile application. All three examined R/S parameters varied significantly within the day. ESM examination of R/S showed good compliance and little reactivity. This indicates that ESM offers a feasible, usable, and valid way to explore R/S in a psychiatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart van den Brink
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care (Kicg), Zuiderinslag 4C, 3871 MR, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands.
- Psychiatric Acute Care Unit, Eleos, Christian Institution for Mental Health Care, Bosch en Duin, The Netherlands.
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias Jongkind
- Independent Clinical Psychologist, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Wijzenbroek
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care (Kicg), Zuiderinslag 4C, 3871 MR, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands
| | - Mira Duif
- Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Braam
- Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies for a Plural Society, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Residency Training, Altrecht Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanneke Schaap-Jonker
- Center for Research and Innovation in Christian Mental Health Care (Kicg), Zuiderinslag 4C, 3871 MR, Hoevelaken, The Netherlands
- Department of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Bartels SL, van Zelst C, Melo Moura B, Daniëls NE, Simons CJ, Marcelis M, Bos FM, Servaas MN. Feedback based on experience sampling data: Examples of current approaches and considerations for future research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20084. [PMID: 37809510 PMCID: PMC10559801 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methodologies such as the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) or Ecological Momentary Assessment allow the gathering of fine-graded, dynamic, personal data within a patient's daily life. Currently, it is studied whether feedback based on experience sampling data (ESM-based feedback) can be used as a clinical tool to inform shared decision-making in clinical practice. Although the potential of feedback is recognized, little is known on how to generate, use, and implement it. This article (i) presents n = 15 ongoing ESM projects within the Belgian-Dutch network for ESM research wherein ESM-based feedback is provided to various patient populations, and (ii) summarizes qualitative data on experiences with ESM-based feedback of researchers (n = 8) with extensive expertise with ESM (average of 10 years) involved in these ongoing studies. The following aspects appear to be of relevance when providing ESM-based feedback: training for healthcare professionals and researchers, the use of online interfaces and graphical visualizations to present data, and interacting with patients in a face-to-face setting when discussing the contextual relevance and potential implications. Prospectively, research may build on these aspects and create coherent consensus-based guidelines for the use of ESM-based feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Laureen Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine van Zelst
- Department of Psychosis Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Melo Moura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina, Portugal
| | - Naomi E.M. Daniëls
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia J.P. Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Fionneke M. Bos
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle N. Servaas
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Fung VSC, Chan JCY, Wong SCY, Wong CSM, Kirtley O, Myin-Germeys I, Strauss GP, Chang WC. Investigation of momentary negative symptoms in patients with early psychosis in daily life: An experience sampling study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 325:115234. [PMID: 37146460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are a key therapeutic target in promoting functional recovery in early psychosis intervention, but momentary negative symptom manifestations remain understudied in the early stage of illness. We employed an experience-sampling methodology (ESM) to evaluate momentary affective experiences, hedonic capacity for an event recalled, current activities and social interactions, and associated appraisals for 6 consecutive days in 33 clinically-stable early psychosis patients (within 3 years of treatment for first-episode psychosis) and 35 demographically-matched healthy controls. Adjusted multilevel linear-mixed models revealed higher intensity and variability of negative affect in patients than controls, but no group difference in affect instability as well as positive affect intensity and variability. Patients demonstrated no significantly greater anhedonia for event, activity or social interactions relative to controls. Higher preference for company (when alone) and to be alone (when in company) was observed in patients than controls. No significant group difference in pleasantness to be alone or proportion of time being alone. Our results indicate no evidence for blunting of affective experiences, anhedonia (social and non-social) and asociality in early psychosis. Future research complementing ESM with multiple digital phenotyping measures will facilitate more refined negative symptom assessment in the daily life of patients with early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Shi Cheng Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Ching Yui Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sandra Chi Yiu Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Corine Sau Man Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Olivia Kirtley
- Center of Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center of Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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15
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de Thurah L, Kiekens G, Sips R, Teixeira A, Kasanova Z, Myin-Germeys I. Using Experience Sampling Methods to support clinical management of psychosis: The perspective of people with lived experience. Psychiatry Res 2023; 324:115207. [PMID: 37087818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Experience sampling method (ESM) has the potential to support person-centered care of psychotic disorders. However, clinical implementation is hampered by a lack of user involvement in the design of ESM tools. This qualitative study explored the perspective of nine people with lived experiences of psychosis. Participants reported a need to monitor a diverse range of daily-life experiences and indicated that ESM should allow for personalization to be clinically useful. While participants recognized the potential of ESM to increase awareness and control over their mental health, concerns were voiced about the validity and burden of monitoring one's own mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena de Thurah
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Herestraat 49 - box 1029, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Herestraat 49 - box 1029, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Unit of Clinical Psychology, Tiensestraat 102 - box 3720, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rob Sips
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Herestraat 49 - box 1029, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Teixeira
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Herestraat 49 - box 1029, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- KU Leuven, The Spin-off & Innovation Unit of KU Leuven Research & Development, Waaistraat 6-Box 5105, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Herestraat 49 - box 1029, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Lutin E, De Raedt W, Steyaert J, Van Hoof C, Evers K. Exploring the perception of stress in childhood and early adolescence. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 228:105604. [PMID: 36527998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life experiences may jeopardize the healthy development of children. To improve interventions, more knowledge is needed on the perception of stress by children. In adults, stress is regarded as a state of low valence and high arousal. It is unclear whether children perceive stress similarly. In the current study, 35 children of the general population completed three tasks aiming to provide insight into their knowledge of the concept stress. In the first task, participants were asked about their verbal knowledge of the concept stress. In the second task, they rated the valence and arousal of eight emotion-evoking vignettes. In the final task, participants completed an experience sampling survey for at least 1 day, consisting of a stress thermometer and pictorial scales of valence and arousal. Participants' perception of stress was found to be mainly valence focused. Age and sex were found to play a role in the degree of arousal focus. Older participants differentiated more in arousal levels than younger participants, as did girls in comparison with boys. Because the perception of stress depends on developmental and other individual factors, using stress as a single measurement dimension in a survey is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lutin
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; imec, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | | | - Jean Steyaert
- Department of Child Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; imec, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; OnePlanet Research Center, imec-the Netherlands, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kris Evers
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Vaessen T, Reininghaus U, van Aubel E, Beijer-Klippel A, Steinhart H, Myin-Germeys I, Waltz J. Neural correlates of daily-life affective stress reactivity in early psychosis: A study combining functional MRI and experience sampling methodology. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:93-101. [PMID: 36989675 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Affective reactivity to daily stressors are increased in individuals in the early stages of psychosis. Studies in psychosis patients and healthy individuals at increased psychosis risk show altered neural reactivity to stress in limbic (i.e., hippocampus [HC] and amygdala), prelimbic (i.e., ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC] and ventral anterior cingulate cortex [vACC]), and salience areas (i.e., Anterior Insula [AI]). We investigated whether a similar pattern of neural reactivity is present in early psychosis individuals and if brain activity in these regions is associated with daily-life stress reactivity. Twenty-nine early psychosis individuals (11 at-risk mental state and 18 first-episode psychosis) completed the Montreal Imaging Stress Task in conjunction with functional MRI. The study was part of a large-scale randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based ecological momentary intervention for early psychosis. All participants also provided experience sampling methodology (ESM) data on momentary affect and stressful activities in their everyday environment. Multilevel regression models were used to estimate if daily-life stress reactivity was moderated by activity in (pre)limbic and salience areas. Task-induced stress was associated with increased activation of the right AI and decreased activation in the vmPFC, vACC, and HC. Task-induced changes in vmPFC and vACC activity were associated with affective stress reactivity, whereas changes in HC and amygdala activity were associated with higher overall stress ratings. These preliminary results suggest region-specific roles in affective and psychotic daily-life stress reactivity in early psychosis. The observed pattern suggests that chronic stress plays a role in neural stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Evelyne van Aubel
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelie Beijer-Klippel
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Lifespan Psychology, Open University, P.O. Box 2960, 6401DL Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Henrietta Steinhart
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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18
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Steenkamp LR, Parrish EM, Chalker SA, Badal VD, Pinkham AE, Harvey PD, Depp CA. Childhood trauma and real-world social experiences in psychosis. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:279-286. [PMID: 36701936 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is associated with a variety of negative outcomes in psychosis, but it is unclear clear if childhood trauma affects day-to-day social experiences. We aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional and structural characteristics of real-world social relationships in psychosis. METHODS Participants with psychotic disorders or affective disorders with psychosis completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over ten days (N = 209). Childhood trauma was assessed retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations between childhood trauma and EMA-assessed social behavior and perceptions were examined using linear mixed models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and psychotic and depressive symptom severity. RESULTS Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with more perceived threat (B = -0.19, 95 % CI [-0.33, -0.04]) and negative self-perception (B = -0.18, 95 % CI [-0.34, -0.01]) during recent social interactions, as well as reduced social motivation (B = -0.29, 95 % CI [-0.47, -0.10]), higher desire for social avoidance (B = 0.34, 95 % CI [0.14, 0.55]), and lower sense of belongingness (B = -0.24, 95 % CI [-0.42, -0.06]). These negative social perceptions were mainly linked with emotional abuse and emotional neglect. In addition, paranoia was more strongly associated with negative social perceptions in individuals with high versus low levels of trauma. Childhood trauma was not associated with frequency (i.e., time spent alone) or type of social interactions. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma - particularly emotional abuse and neglect - is associated with negative social perceptions but not frequency of real-world social interactions. Our findings suggest that childhood trauma may affect day-to-day social experiences beyond its association with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Steenkamp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma M Parrish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Samantha A Chalker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Varsha D Badal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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19
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Abstract
A fast-growing body of evidence from experience sampling studies suggests that affect dynamics are associated with well-being and health. But heterogeneity in experience sampling approaches impedes reproducibility and scientific progress. Leveraging a large dataset of 7016 individuals, each providing over 50 affect reports, we introduce an empirically derived framework to help researchers design well-powered and efficient experience sampling studies. Our research reveals three general principles. First, a sample of 200 participants and 20 observations per person yields sufficient power to detect medium-sized associations for most affect dynamic measures. Second, for trait- and time-independent variability measures of affect (e.g., SD), distant sampling study designs (i.e., a few daily measurements spread out over several weeks) lead to more accurate estimates than close sampling study designs (i.e., many daily measurements concentrated over a few days), although differences in accuracy across sampling methods were inconsistent and of little practical significance for temporally dependent affect dynamic measures (i.e., RMSSD, autocorrelation coefficient, TKEO, and PAC). Third, across all affect dynamics measures, sampling exclusively on specific days or time windows leads to little to no improvement over sampling at random times. Because the ideal sampling approach varies for each affect dynamics measure, we provide a companion R package, an online calculator ( https://sergiopirla.shinyapps.io/powerADapp ), and a series of benchmark effect sizes to help researchers address three fundamental hows of experience sampling: How many participants to recruit? How often to solicit them? And for how long?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pirla
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maxime Taquet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordi Quoidbach
- Universitat Ramon Llul, ESADE Business School, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Wong SM, Chen EY, Wong CS, Suen YN, Chan DL, Tsang SH, Wong TY, Cheung C, Chan KT, Lui SS, Wong MT, Chan SK, Lee EH, Myin-Germeys I, Hui CL. Impact of smartphone overuse on 1-year severe depressive symptoms and momentary negative affect: Longitudinal and experience sampling findings from a representative epidemiological youth sample in Hong Kong. Psychiatry Res 2022; 318:114939. [PMID: 36343577 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone overuse can have detrimental impacts on youth mental health. How it may be longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms and functioning, and with daily momentary affect, remains to be investigated. A total of 3,033 young people were consecutively recruited from a large-scale epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. A subsample (n = 936) was followed-up after 1 year, with experience sampling data collected from 177 participants. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the prospective associations between smartphone overuse and depressive symptoms, with multilevel models fitted to examine its associations with momentary affect. The prevalence of smartphone overuse in the Hong Kong youth population was 29.3%. Smartphone overuse was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and functional impairments both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The associations between smartphone overuse and 1-year depressive symptoms were significant, even when accounting for baseline symptoms, social media use, and other risk and protective factors. Baseline depressive symptoms, in contrast, were not associated with 1-year smartphone overuse after adjusting for baseline smartphone overuse. Smartphone overuse was also significantly associated with higher levels of momentary negative affect, even when accounting for depressive symptoms. Strategies to mitigate the impact of smartphone overuse can have important long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie My Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Yh Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Corine Sm Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dorothy Lk Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samantha Hs Tsang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K T Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Sy Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Th Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Kw Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edwin Hm Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christy Lm Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Stieger S, Graf HM, Riegler SP, Biebl S, Swami V. Engagement with social media content results in lower appearance satisfaction: An experience sampling study using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale. Body Image 2022; 43:232-243. [PMID: 36201860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social media use is consistently associated with more negative body image, but much of this literature is cross-sectional and/or lacks ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, we examined associations between everyday social media engagement and appearance satisfaction using an experience sampling method. Fifty participants from Central Europe completed a 14-day experience sampling phase in which they reported their appearance satisfaction at two random time-points each day, as well as following active engagement with social media content, using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale (PAS; i.e., angle of a participant's forearm between flat and fully upright as a continuous response scale). Results indicated that engagement with social media content was significantly associated with lower appearance satisfaction. Additionally, we found that engagement with the content of known others was associated with significantly lower appearance satisfaction than engagement with the content of unknown others. These effects were stable even after controlling for participant demographics, active vs. passive daily social media use, and body image-related factors. These results provide evidence that everyday social media engagement is associated with lower appearance satisfaction and additionally provides preliminary support for the use of a PAS in body image research using an experience sampling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Hannah M Graf
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Stella P Riegler
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sophie Biebl
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
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22
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Dokuz G, Kani AS, Uysal Ö, Kuşcu MK. The impact of childhood trauma and daily life experiences on emotional and psychotic symptom intensity in psychosis: An experience sampling study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114872. [PMID: 36265192 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences create vulnerability to psychosis through biological and cognitive changes, and that may be observed as an increased emotional and psychotic response to daily life experiences in adulthood. This study aims to examine the effects of childhood maltreatment on psychotic patients' daily stress and emotional and psychotic intensity related to various experiences throughout the day. Daily activities and events, and emotional and psychotic intensity of forty-one psychotic patients were assessed with the Experience Sampling Method. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to evaluate childhood adversities. Multilevel regression analyses showed that all trauma subtypes, except for sexual abuse, were associated with increased psychosis and event-stress. Emotional maltreatment was the most associated trauma type with high negative and low positive affect and increased daily stress. Patients reported the highest stress and negative affect related to internal experiences but the lowest stress related to recreational actions. Social activities were also associated with higher positive affect and lower stress and psychosis, with the high CTQ group having greater stress in those activities. Our study demonstrates the negative impact of childhood trauma, especially emotional maltreatment, on daily stress and emotional and psychotic intensity in psychotic patients via different daily experiences.
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23
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van Tuijl P, Verboon P, van Lankveld J. The Relation of Mood and Sexual Desire: An Experience Sampling Perspective on the Dual Control Model. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:3871-3886. [PMID: 35896937 PMCID: PMC9663403 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fluctuations in negative and positive affect on momentary sexual motivation in a sample of women and men in a steady relationship (n = 133). Sexual motivation was regarded as the aggregate of sexual desire, subjective sexual arousal and openness to sexual contact. Experience sampling methodology was used to collect up to 70 measurements per participant over a period of seven consecutive days of sexual motivation, and negative and positive affect. Using multilevel analysis, we investigated cross-level interactions between affect and trait measures as specified in the dual control model (DCM). This model postulates sexually excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms as relatively independent systems that together can explain individual differences in sexual motivation and behavior. Results implicated that any intensification of feelings, positive or negative, was associated with a momentary increase in sexual motivation for participants more prone to sexual excitation. In the lagged analysis, higher preceding negative affect, measured 1-2 h earlier, forecasted an increase in current sexual motivation for participants more prone to sexual excitation. The lagged analysis included the autoregressive effect or inertia of sexual motivation. Inertia reflects the extent to which sexual motivation lingers and persists at similar levels. Our findings showed that sexual motivation levels persisted less in individuals with higher sexual inhibition proneness due to threat of performance failure. This study demonstrated how experience sampling methodology can be used to extend research on associations between mood and sexual motivation and implicates that DCM factors moderate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet van Tuijl
- Department of Psychology, Open Universiteit, 6419, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
- , Egelantierstraat 138, 3551GG, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Peter Verboon
- Department of Psychology, Open Universiteit, 6419, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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24
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Chen S, Liu H, Lou VWQ. Monitoring daily well-being and meaning-making tendencies among adult child working dementia caregivers: validating an experience sampling study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:714. [PMID: 36038849 PMCID: PMC9421635 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the experience sampling method offers advantages for gerontological research, it has seldom been applied to examine well-being and meaning-making tendencies among adult children working caregivers of parents with dementia and thus lacks empirical support for such applications. In response, we aimed to validate the proposed protocol's participation status, feasibility, usability, and ecological validity. METHODS For 15 consecutive days, 100 adult child working dementia caregivers participated in our study via web-based assessments on their digital devices. The protocol was first adjusted based on a series of pilot interviews with eight volunteer dementia caregivers. Participants' compliance and preferred times for activities along with the protocol's feasibility, usability, and ecological validity were evaluated in a follow-up session with all participants. RESULTS The protocol was adjusted in light of recruitment details, user interfaces, the reminder mechanism, and reference time for assessments. The general compliance rate was 93.3%. Preference times for assessments of work (10 a.m. to 3 p.m.), care (6-8 p.m.), and personal activities (7-10 p.m.) were identified. The protocol was generally considered to be feasible and easy to use, and ecological validity analysis indicated that the collected data adequately represented real-world data. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides empirical evidence to support an innovative protocol and evaluate its implementation so that future studies using it can better investigate the relationship between meaning-making tendencies and well-being among adult child working caregivers for parents with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhou Chen
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Sau Po Centre on Ageing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Wong SMY, Li YY, Hui CLM, Wong CSM, Wong TY, Cheung C, Suen YN, Lam BYH, Lui SSY, Chan KT, Wong MTH, Chan SKW, Chang WC, Lee EHM, Myin-Germeys I, Chen EYH. Impact of restrictive COVID-19 measures on daily momentary affect in an epidemiological youth sample in Hong Kong: An experience sampling study. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35600262 PMCID: PMC9110277 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive COVID-19 measures can have significant mental health impacts, particularly on young people. How such measures may influence day-to-day momentary affect, nonetheless, remains to be explored. Experience sampling data were collected from 165 young people (aged 15-24) as part of a larger epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. We examined the impact of one of the most stringent COVID-19 measures - dine-in restrictions - on momentary positive and negative affect and current contexts and activities of these young people. The effects of a milder form of COVID-19 measure - school suspension - were separately examined. Multilevel analysis revealed that those in the dine-in ban group, compared to dining-as-usual, showed significantly reduced momentary positive affect (β = -0.17, SE = 0.06, p = 0.003). Its effect remained significant even when accounting for baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms and socioeconomic status (β = -0.15, SE = 0.05, p = 0.008). The effect of dine-in ban on reduced momentary positive affect was found specifically when participants were in indoor locations (e.g., home, office), alone, and engaged in passive leisure activities. This pattern was not observed when participants were at school or at other outdoor locations, with friends, or engaged in active leisure activities. No significant effect of school suspension on momentary affect was observed. More severe COVID-19 measures, such as dine-in ban, can have significant impacts on the momentary positive affect of young people. Certain contexts and activities may offer protection against the consequences of COVID-19 measures. The current findings may help to inform future designs of mental health interventions and public health policies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03183-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Y. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yandy Y. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L. M. Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Corine S. M. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. Y. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. N. Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bess Y. H. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon S. Y. Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - K. T. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael T. H. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry K. W. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W. C. Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin H. M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Y. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Dietvorst E, Legerstee JS, Vreeker A, Koval S, Mens MM, Keijsers L, Hillegers MHJ. The Grow It! app-longitudinal changes in adolescent well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a proof-of-concept study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 32:1097-1107. [PMID: 35524826 PMCID: PMC9076805 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health and well-being have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this preregistered longitudinal study, we evaluated whether adolescents' well-being improved after playing the multiplayer serious game app Grow It! During the first lockdown (May-June 2020), 1282 Dutch adolescents played the Grow It! app (age = 16.67, SD = 3.07, 68% girls). During the second lockdown (December-May 2020 onwards), an independent cohort of 1871 adolescents participated (age = 18.66, SD = 3.70, 81% girls). Adolescents answered online questionnaires regarding affective and cognitive well-being, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and impact of COVID-19 at baseline. Three to six weeks later, the baseline questionnaire was repeated and user experience questions were asked (N = 462 and N = 733 for the first and second cohort). In both cohorts, affective and cognitive well-being increased after playing the Grow It! app (t = - 6.806, p < 0.001; t = - 6.77, p < 0.001; t = - 6.12, p < 0.001; t = - 5.93, p < 0.001; Cohen's d range 0.20-0.32). At the individual level, 41-53% of the adolescents increased in their affective or cognitive well-being. Adolescents with higher risk profiles (i.e., more depressive symptoms, lower atmosphere at home, and more COVID-19 impact) improved more strongly in their well-being. Positive user evaluations and app engagement were unrelated to changes in affective and cognitive well-being. This proof-of-concept study tentatively suggests that Grow It! supported adolescents during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Dietvorst
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC Sophia, Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Legerstee
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC Sophia, Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Vreeker
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC Sophia, Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Koval
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC Sophia, Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. Mens
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - L. Keijsers
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC Sophia, Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Steenkamp L, Weijers J, Gerrmann J, Eurelings-Bontekoe E, Selten JP. The relationship between childhood abuse and severity of psychosis is mediated by loneliness: an experience sampling study. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:306-311. [PMID: 30940399 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested the hypotheses that (i) the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and severity of psychosis is mediated by loneliness; (ii) the relationship between loneliness and psychosis is mediated by within-person fluctuations in depressive and anxious feelings. METHODS Fifty-nine individuals with non-affective psychotic disorder rated the intensity of loneliness, positive symptoms, and depressive and anxious feelings during repeated moments in daily life (Experience Sampling Method). Childhood abuse was assessed retrospectively using the 'Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse' interview. To test the mediation hypotheses, a multilevel structural equation modeling paradigm was used. RESULTS As predicted, the relationship between severity of childhood abuse and positive symptoms was mediated by loneliness (b=0.08, 95% CI [0.02, 0.13], p=0.005). In turn, the relationship between loneliness and positive symptoms was mediated by within-person fluctuations in both depressive (b=0.04, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06], p<0.001) and anxious (b=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p=0.002) symptomatology. Depression was a stronger mediator than anxiety (b=0.02, 95% CI [0.00, 0.04], p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of childhood abuse and loneliness in the severity of psychosis in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Steenkamp
- Rivierduinen Psychiatric Institute, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ Leiden, the Netherlands; Unit Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 8, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Generation R Study group, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Weijers
- Rivierduinen Psychiatric Institute, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorinde Gerrmann
- Rivierduinen Psychiatric Institute, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ Leiden, the Netherlands; Unit Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands; Foundation Centrum'45, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Groep, Nienoord 5, 1112 XE Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Eurelings-Bontekoe
- Unit Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen Psychiatric Institute, Sandifortdreef 19, 2333 ZZ Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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28
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Greene T, Sznitman S, Contractor AA, Prakash K, Fried EI, Gelkopf M. The memory-experience gap for PTSD symptoms: The correspondence between experience sampling and past month retrospective reports of traumatic stress symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2022; 307:114315. [PMID: 34896842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder assessments typically require individuals to provide an aggregate report on the frequency or severity of symptoms they have experienced over a particular time period. Yet retrospective aggregate assessments are susceptible to memory recall and retrieval difficulties. This study examined the correspondence between a month of real-time experience sampling methodology (ESM) reports of traumatic stress symptoms and a retrospective assessment of past-month traumatic stress symptoms for that same period. Participants were a convenience community sample (n=96) from Southern and Central Israel exposed to rocket fire during the Israel-Gaza July-Aug 2014 conflict. Participants provided ESM reports on traumatic stress symptoms twice a day for 30 days via smartphone. Average ESM scores, rather than peak or most recent reports, were most highly correlated with retrospective assessments. For individual symptoms, concentration difficulties had the highest correspondence between ESM and retrospective reports, while amnesia had the lowest correspondence. Regression analysis found that average ESM scores and younger age significantly predicted past-month retrospective assessments of PTSD symptoms. Additionally, previously experiencing more types of trauma predicted PTSD symptoms, but did not moderate the relationship between ESM and retrospective assessments. These findings have implications for assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Gelkopf
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel
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29
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Feller C, Ilen L, Eliez S, Schneider M. Psychotic experiences in daily-life in adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:54-61. [PMID: 34607254 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic condition associated with a markedly increased risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are classically evaluated by clinical interviews that give little information about these symptoms' fluctuation in daily-life. The current study aims to investigate these phenomena using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a structured diary technique that collects real-life measures in the everyday-life context, and to examine how these manifestations relate to a gold standard semi-structured assessment of psychotic experiences. Eighty-six individuals with 22q11DS as well as healthy controls (HC) aged 11-27 years were recruited. They completed a 6-day EMA protocol assessing momentary psychotic experiences as well as positive and negative affect. The presence of (attenuated) psychotic symptoms was assessed in 22q11DS participants with the SIPS interview. Participants with 22q11DS reported more intense (p = .005) and more frequent (p = .006) momentary psychotic experiences than HC. Significant associations between negative affect and momentary psychotic experiences were observed in both groups (p = .001). In participants with 22q11DS, more intense (p = <.001) and more frequent (p = <.001) momentary psychotic experiences measured by EMA were associated with the severity of SIPS positive symptoms. Participants with 22q11DS reporting at least attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis on the SIPS had more intense (p = .027) and more frequent (p = .023) momentary psychotic experiences than participants with 22q11DS without psychotic symptoms. This study highlights the validity of EMA to assess psychotic experiences in the context of daily-life and sets correspondence between EMA and the SIPS. Furthermore, it expands our current understanding of the associations between mood and psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Feller
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ilen
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Lapid Pickman L, Gelkopf M, Greene T. Do positive and negative emotional reactions during war predict subsequent symptomatology? A prospective experience sampling study. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 84:102492. [PMID: 34749217 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While peritraumatic negative emotions have been associated with subsequent posttraumatic stress and depression, the predictive role of real-time emotional reactions to specific stressors during prolonged stress exposure is still unclear, particularly that of positive emotions. The current study uses experience sampling methodology to examine individual general levels of negative and positive emotions, and emotional reactivity to specific stressors during war, as prospective predictors of posttraumatic stress and depression. Ninety-six civilians exposed to rocket fire during the 2014 Israel-Gaza war reported exposure to rocket warning sirens and levels of ten negative and six positive emotions twice a day for 30 days. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression were then assessed two months post-war. Participants reported higher negative emotions and lower positive emotions during assessment windows with sirens. Over time, negative emotions decreased and positive emotions increased. Higher levels of overall negative emotions predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms and depression symptoms two months later. Levels of positive emotions, and negative and positive emotional reactivity to sirens, were not associated with subsequent symptomatology. Our results indicate the stronger role of overall negative emotions as predictors of symptomatology compared with momentary emotional reactivity, and the stronger predictive role of negative compared with positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Lapid Pickman
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; NATAL - Israel Trauma and Resiliency Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Marc Gelkopf
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; NATAL - Israel Trauma and Resiliency Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Sultson H, Kreegipuu K, Akkermann K. Exploring the role of momentary positive and negative affect in overeating and binge eating: Evidence for different associations among men and women. Appetite 2021; 168:105758. [PMID: 34655665 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Momentary positive and negative emotions have shown to affect eating behaviour. In this study, we used experience sampling method (ESM) to assess how momentary positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) relate to overeating (OE) and binge eating (BE) episodes among men and women compared to no OE/BE episodes. We additionally looked at how situational and social context moderate these relationships. For this purpose, 87 women and 94 men participated in the study where they were instructed to rate their levels of various positive and negative emotions, situational whereabouts, and the presence of OE/BE 7 times a day for 3 consecutive days. We found that men and women greatly differed in how momentary PA and NA relate to OE and BE. In women, NA was highest before BE, followed by OE compared to no OE/BE. Further, an interaction between the type of an eating episode and situational context demonstrated that this relationship was significant when at home, but not away from home. No differences in the momentary NA between the types of eating episodes were found in men. In men, PA was significantly higher before OE compared to BE and no OE/BE. Additionally, an interaction between the type of eating episode and situational context showed that this relationship was significant when at home, but not when away from home. Our results further confirm the role of negative affect in overeating and binge eating in women, whereas also suggesting that the role of positive affect in eating behaviour is warranted more research, particularly in men.
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Maisto SA, Simons JS, Palfai TP, Moskal D, Luehring-Jones P. Daily Associations Among Alcohol Intoxication, Partner Familiarity, Participant Effortful Control, Urgency, and PrEP Uptake on Sexual Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:2843-2860. [PMID: 33594529 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol intoxication and its interaction with contextual or situation (partner familiarity) and individual differences variables (effortful control, urgency, and whether taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication) on sexual behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM), a subgroup for whom HIV continues to be a major public health problem in the U.S. The participants were 236 men recruited from two northeastern U.S. cities and aged 21-50 years, M = 27.8). These men participated in a 6-week (two 3-week sampling bursts) experience sampling method (ESM) study. The ESM data were collected via use of software installed on the participant's own or study-provided mobile phone. Individual differences variables were measured by participants' completing questionnaires measuring effortful control and urgency, and the participant's self-report of whether he was currently taking PrEP. The ESM data pertained to sexual behavior as well as situation variables of familiarity of relevant sexual partners and number of standard alcohol drinks consumed. The results generally were consistent with hypotheses, as alcohol intoxication showed a curvilinear relation to the occurrence of condomless anal intercourse. Furthermore, the likelihood of occurrence of condomless anal sex increased with increased familiarity of the sexual partner. Similarly, taking PrEP increased the likelihood of occurrence of condomless anal sex. At the same time, alcohol's effects were moderated by all three individual differences variables as expected, but the prediction that partner familiarity would moderate alcohol's effects on the occurrence of condomless sex was not supported. Clinical implications of the findings center on the application of the data to HIV prevention programs toward inclusion of more empirically supported, nuanced information on the relation between acute alcohol intoxication and sexual behavior. Directions for further research address the need for additional testing and refinement of a person × situation approach to alcohol and sexual behavior. Furthermore, it is argued that it is important to refine further the concept of sexual risk in the context of taking PrEP and to conduct more detailed, multivariate studies of the relation between taking PrEP and patterns of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dezarie Moskal
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Peter Luehring-Jones
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Schmitter M, van Roekel E, Heininga VE, Oldehinkel AJ. Personalized lifestyle advice alters affective reactivity to negative events in anhedonic young adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:118-125. [PMID: 34029882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a common symptom of several disorders, but cost-effective treatments that focus on anhedonia specifically have been lacking. Therefore, personalized lifestyle advice has recently been investigated as a suitable means of enhancing pleasure and positive affect (PA) in young adults with anhedonia. This intervention provided individuals with a personalized lifestyle advice which was based on observed individual patterns of lifestyle behaviors and experienced pleasure in daily life. The present study extends this previous work by examining a potential mechanism of treatment success, affective reactivity. METHODS We explored changes in affective reactivity to events in daily life from pre- to post-intervention in a subclinical sample of young adults with anhedonia (N = 69). Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), participants answered questions on their activities, their pleasure levels, PA and negative affect (NA) before and after the intervention. RESULTS Multilevel analysis revealed that participants did not experience an altered affective reactivity to positive events after the intervention. The affective reactivity to negative events depended on the level of improvement in mean-PA after the lifestyle advice intervention. LIMITATIONS The present study used a subclinical sample with the majority of participants being female which limited the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSION This study suggests that an altered affective reactivity to negative events is an underlying mechanism of the effectiveness of a personalized lifestyle advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Schmitter
- Tilburg University, Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Depression Expertise Center, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eeske van Roekel
- Tilburg University, Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Vera E Heininga
- University of Groningen, Department of Developmental Psychology, Groningen, the Netherlands; Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Griffith JM, Hankin BL. Affective Benefits of Parental Engagement with Adolescent Positive Daily Life Experiences. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2036-2051. [PMID: 34331661 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Positive affect and positive parent-adolescent relationships have been found to reinforce one another across youth development in a pattern of an "upward spiral," yet little is known regarding processes facilitating such "upward spirals" of social and emotional wellbeing among parent-adolescent dyads. This study addressed this gap by examining interpersonal capitalization, or the process of sharing positive news with others, as one candidate interpersonal process contributing to increases in both parent and adolescent experiences of positive affect in naturalistic settings. Participants included 146 adolescents (52.1% girls; ages 10-14; M[SD] = 12.71[0.86]) and a participating caregiver (N = 139; 78.7% mothers; ages 33-58; M[SD] = 44.11[5.08]) who completed a dyadic experience sampling method procedure assessing both parent and adolescent momentary affect and patterns of engagement in interpersonal capitalization in daily life settings (31 surveys across 9 days). Multilevel models indicated that adolescent positive affect increased following instances of interpersonal capitalization, and increases in positive affect were specific to high-arousal positive emotions (e.g., excited, energetic) relative to low-arousal positive emotions (e.g., calm, relaxed). Parental high-arousal positive affect also increased following instances in which they provided validating, enthusiastic responses to their children's capitalization attempts. The results of the present study indicate that interpersonal capitalization may be one mechanism facilitating "upward spirals" of positive affect for both parents and adolescents, with implications for health and wellbeing across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M Griffith
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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Reichert M, Gan G, Renz M, Braun U, Brüßler S, Timm I, Ma R, Berhe O, Benedyk A, Moldavski A, Schweiger JI, Hennig O, Zidda F, Heim C, Banaschewski T, Tost H, Ebner-Priemer UW, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Ambulatory assessment for precision psychiatry: Foundations, current developments and future avenues. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113807. [PMID: 34228998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision psychiatry stands to benefit from the latest digital technologies for assessment and analyses to tailor treatment towards individuals. Insights into dynamic psychological processes as they unfold in humans' everyday life can critically add value in understanding symptomatology and environmental stressors to provide individualized treatment where and when needed. Towards this goal, ambulatory assessment encompasses methodological approaches to investigate behavioral, physiological, and biological processes in humans' everyday life. It combines repeated assessments of symptomatology over time, e.g., via Ecological Momentary Assessment (e.g., smartphone-diaries), with monitoring of physical behavior, environmental characteristics (such as geolocations, social interactions) and physiological function via sensors, e.g., mobile accelerometers, global-positioning-systems, and electrocardiography. In this review, we expand on promises of ambulatory assessment in the investigation of mental states (e.g., real-life, dynamical and contextual perspective), on chances for precision psychiatry such as the prediction of courses of psychiatric disorders, detection of tipping points and critical windows of relapse, and treatment effects as exemplified by ongoing projects, and on future avenues of how ambulatory interventions can benefit personalized care for psychiatric patients (e.g., through real-time feedback in everyday life). Ambulatory assessment is a key contributor to precision psychiatry, opening up promising avenues in research, diagnoses, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), 44801 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Malika Renz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüßler
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Irina Timm
- mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ren Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Benedyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Zidda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany; mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
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Hiekkaranta AP, Kirtley OJ, Lafit G, Decoster J, Derom C, de Hert M, Gülöksüz S, Jacobs N, Menne-Lothmann C, Rutten BPF, Thiery E, van Os J, van Winkel R, Wichers M, Myin-Germeys I. Emotion regulation in response to daily negative and positive events in youth: The role of event intensity and psychopathology. Behav Res Ther 2021; 144:103916. [PMID: 34224990 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and individual contextual factors profoundly influence how people regulate their emotions. The current article addresses the role of event intensity and psychopathology (an admixture of depression, anxiety, and psychoticism) on emotion regulation in response to naturally occurring events. For six days each evening, a youth sample (aged 15-25, N = 713) recorded the intensity of the most positive and most negative event of the day and their subsequent emotion regulation. The intensity of negative events was positively associated with summed total emotion regulation effort, strategy diversity, engaging in rumination, situation modification, emotion expression, and sharing and negatively associated with reappraisal and acceptance. The intensity of positive events was positively associated with strategy diversity, savoring, emotion expression, and sharing. Higher psychopathology symptoms were only related to ruminating more about negative events. We interpret these findings as support for the role of context in the degree of effort and type of emotion regulation that young people engage in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu P Hiekkaranta
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Olivia J Kirtley
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginette Lafit
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Psychology, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Sint-Kamillus, University Psychiatric Center, Bierbeek, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc de Hert
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair - AHLEC University Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nele Jacobs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Menne-Lothmann
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience MHeNS, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, EURON, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
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Broers VJV, Van Scharrenburg M, Fredrix L, Lataster J, Löhr AJ, Jacobs N. Individual and situational determinants of plastic waste sorting: an experience sampling method study protocol. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:92. [PMID: 34082817 PMCID: PMC8173730 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plastic waste management is one of the most challenging problems of our time. Until now, only 9% of the produced plastics has been recycled. In order to increase recycling, a behavior change towards sorting of plastic waste is needed. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to gain insight in the individual and situational determinants associated with plastic waste sorting behavior. The Integrated Framework for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behaviour will be used as the theoretical framework. This framework assumes that individual egoistic and hedonic values are negatively related to pro-environmental behaviour, whereas individual biospheric and altruistic values are positively related to pro-environmental behaviour. Situational cues can activate these values, resulting in (non) pro-environmental behaviour. Taking the Integrated Framework for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behaviour into account, this study will test the hypothesized associations between individual and situational determinants and plastic waste sorting behavior, using an ecological momentary assessment approach (Experience Sampling Method, ESM). Methods A signal-contingent scheme with semi-random intervals will be used for the ESM questionnaire. Over a period of seven consecutive days, an ESM-based smartphone app will prompt participants ten times a day to fill in a short questionnaire containing questions about situational determinants and plastic waste sorting behaviour. Participants will also complete an online questionnaire before and after the study measuring the individual determinants and plastic waste sorting behaviour. Discussion ESM has many benefits over traditional surveys, such as improved ecological validity and the possibility to explore temporal relationships. The disadvantages of ESM are mainly related to the burden for the participants and the possibility of reactivity effects. The results will provide insight into the relationship between situational cues, individual values and plastic waste behaviour. The practical implications of the findings of this study can be of interest for policy makers in order to reach plastic waste reduction targets. Furthermore, the situational cues that activate values, which increase or decrease plastic waste sorting, can be targeted in interventions. The results of this study can also be relevant for further research studying and stimulating pro-environmental behaviour in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00596-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie J V Broers
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Melina Van Scharrenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Lily Fredrix
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lataster
- Department of Lifespan Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ansje J Löhr
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Lifespan Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Wright AC, Browne J, Skiest H, Bhiku K, Baker JT, Cather C. The relationship between conventional clinical assessments and momentary assessments of symptoms and functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:11-27. [PMID: 34004382 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms and functioning are critical dimensions in those with schizophrenia and are typically measured using validated conventional clinical assessments. Researchers and clinicians have begun to use real-time digital methods, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to assess symptoms and functioning in the moment and outside of traditional hospital and laboratory settings, which may yield more naturalistic data. Although digital methods have advantages, it is unclear whether these momentary assessments capture core aspects of symptoms and functioning. OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the association between conventional clinical and momentary-based assessments of functioning and symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) written or translated into English; (2) peer-reviewed; (3) included primary quantitative data; (4) 60% of the clinical sample included persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; (5) included a clinical assessment of functioning and/or symptoms; (6) included active momentary assessment and/or passive data; and (7) assessed the relationship between the momentary and conventional clinical assessments. RESULTS A total of 49 studies (87 analyses) were included. Conventional clinical assessments of functioning and positive, negative, and depressive symptoms were related to momentary assessments of these symptom domains. Passive data was beneficial for assessing negative symptoms, but research is warranted for other domains. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed studies highlight the utility of EMA methodologies to collect detailed data on symptoms and functioning. Such data is being used to develop more sophisticated models of schizophrenia to enhance our understanding of important mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Wright
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Julia Browne
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Skiest
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamila Bhiku
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Corinne Cather
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Leenaerts N, Vaessen T, Ceccarini J, Vrieze E. How COVID-19 lockdown measures could impact patients with bulimia nervosa: Exploratory results from an ongoing experience sampling method study. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101505. [PMID: 33831813 PMCID: PMC9759935 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on patients with an eating disorder remains unclear, but preliminary results indicate that some patients could be more vulnerable to experience an increase in eating disorder pathology than others. To provide possible directions for future research, this report explored the impact of the Belgian COVID-19 lockdown measures on patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). METHODS The data of 15 female patients with BN from an ongoing experience sampling method study were analyzed. Mixed effects models compared surroundings, social context, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA) and binge eating before and after the implementation of the lockdown measures. RESULTS After the implementation of the lockdown measures, significant changes in surroundings and social context were found as well as an increase in NA and decrease in PA. Patients who experienced a higher binge eating frequency during the lockdown also experienced a stronger change in NA and PA. CONCLUSIONS Future research should also look at changes in surroundings, social context, affect and how these interact with factors such as personality traits and coping styles when investigating why some patients are more susceptible to the negative effects of lockdown measures than others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuwven, Belgium,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuwven, Belgium
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Mulvenna MD, Bond R, Delaney J, Dawoodbhoy FM, Boger J, Potts C, Turkington R. Ethical Issues in Democratizing Digital Phenotypes and Machine Learning in the Next Generation of Digital Health Technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 34:1945-1960. [PMID: 33777664 PMCID: PMC7981596 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-021-00445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Digital phenotyping is the term given to the capturing and use of user log data from health and wellbeing technologies used in apps and cloud-based services. This paper explores ethical issues in making use of digital phenotype data in the arena of digital health interventions. Products and services based on digital wellbeing technologies typically include mobile device apps as well as browser-based apps to a lesser extent, and can include telephony-based services, text-based chatbots, and voice-activated chatbots. Many of these digital products and services are simultaneously available across many channels in order to maximize availability for users. Digital wellbeing technologies offer useful methods for real-time data capture of the interactions of users with the products and services. It is possible to design what data are recorded, how and where it may be stored, and, crucially, how it can be analyzed to reveal individual or collective usage patterns. The paper also examines digital phenotyping workflows, before enumerating the ethical concerns pertaining to different types of digital phenotype data, highlighting ethical considerations for collection, storage, and use of the data. A case study of a digital health app is used to illustrate the ethical issues. The case study explores the issues from a perspective of data prospecting and subsequent machine learning. The ethical use of machine learning and artificial intelligence on digital phenotype data and the broader issues in democratizing machine learning and artificial intelligence for digital phenotype data are then explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice D Mulvenna
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Raymond Bond
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Jack Delaney
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Boger
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Courtney Potts
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Robin Turkington
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland UK
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Bringmann LF. Person-specific networks in psychopathology: Past, present, and future. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 41:59-64. [PMID: 33862345 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the psychological network approach, mental disorders such as major depressive disorder are conceptualized as networks. The network approach focuses on the symptom structure or the connections between symptoms instead of the severity (i.e., mean level) of a symptom. To infer a person-specific network for a patient, time-series data are needed. By far the most common model to statistically model the person-specific interactions between symptoms or momentary states has been the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Although the VAR model helps to bring psychological network theory into clinical research and closer to clinical practice, several discrepancies arise when we map the psychological network theory onto the VAR-based network models. These challenges and possible solutions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Bringmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), P.O. Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Difrancesco S, Penninx BWJH, Antypa N, van Hemert AM, Riese H, Lamers F. The day-to-day bidirectional longitudinal association between objective and self-reported sleep and affect: An ambulatory assessment study. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:165-71. [PMID: 33556750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulatory assessments offer opportunities to evaluate daily dynamics of sleep and momentary affect using mobile technologies. This study examines day-to-day bidirectional associations between sleep and affect using mobile monitoring, and evaluates whether these associations differ between people without and with current or remitted depression/anxiety. METHODS Two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n = 93), remitted (n = 176) or no (n = 90) CIDI depression/anxiety diagnoses were obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Objective sleep duration (SD) and efficiency were obtained from actigraphy data. Self-reported SD, sleep quality (SQ), positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed by electronic diaries through EMA. RESULTS A bidirectional longitudinal association was found between self-reported SQ and affect, while no association was found for self-reported SD and objective SD and efficiency. Better SQ predicted affect the same day (higher PA: b = 0.035, p < 0.001; lower NA: b = -0.022, p < 0.001), while lower NA on the preceding day predicted better SQ (b = -0.102, p = 0.001). The presence of current depression/anxiety disorders moderated the association between better SQ and subsequent lower NA; it was stronger for patients compared to controls (p = 0.003). LIMITATIONS Observational study design can only point to areas of interest for interventions. CONCLUSIONS This 2-week ambulatory monitoring study shows that, especially among depression/anxiety patients, better self-reported SQ predicts higher PA and lower NA the same day, while lower NA predicts better self-reported SQ. The value of mobile technologies to monitor and potentially intervene in patients to improve their affect should be explored.
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Moukhtarian TR, Reinhard I, Moran P, Ryckaert C, Skirrow C, Ebner-Priemer U, Asherson P. Comparable emotional dynamics in women with ADHD and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:6. [PMID: 33579385 PMCID: PMC7879647 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a core diagnostic symptom in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and an associated feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate differences in dynamical indices of ED in daily life in ADHD and BPD. METHODS We used experience sampling method (ESM) and multilevel modelling to assess momentary changes in reports of affective symptoms, and retrospective questionnaire measures of ED in a sample of 98 adult females with ADHD, BPD, comorbid ADHD+BPD and healthy controls. RESULTS We found marked differences between the clinical groups and healthy controls. However, the ESM assessments did not show differences in the intensity of feeling angry and irritable, and the instability of feeling sad, irritable and angry, findings paralleled by data from retrospective questionnaires. The heightened intensity in negative emotions in the clinical groups compared to controls was only partially explained by bad events at the time of reporting negative emotions, suggesting both reactive and endogenous influences on ED in both ADHD and BPD. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the view that ED is a valuable trans-diagnostic aspect of psychopathology in both ADHD and BPD, with similar levels of intensity and instability. These findings suggest that the presence or severity of ED should not be used in clinical practice to distinguish between the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar R Moukhtarian
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Division of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Celine Ryckaert
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK.,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental m-health lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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Kreiter D, Drukker M, Mujagic Z, Vork L, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Masclee AAM, Kruimel JW, Leue C. Symptom-network dynamics in irritable bowel syndrome with comorbid panic disorder using electronic momentary assessment: A randomized controlled trial of escitalopram vs. placebo. J Psychosom Res 2021; 141:110351. [PMID: 33412422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Momentary ecological assessment indicated alleviated abdominal pain in escitalopram treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with comorbid panic disorder. Hitherto, little is known about symptom formation, i.e., how psychological impact physical symptoms, and vice versa, and about the effect of SSRI-treatment on symptom formation. OBJECTIVE To investigate how psychological and somatic symptoms co-vary over time in IBS patients with comorbid panic disorder and how they are affected by escitalopram treatment. METHODS Experience sampling data from 14 IBS patients with panic disorder were obtained from a single-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial on escitalopram versus placebo. At baseline, after three and six months, multilevel time-lagged linear regression analysis was used to construct symptom networks. Network connections represented coefficients between various affect and gastrointestinal items. RESULTS Connectivity increased up to 3 months in both groups. Between 3 and 6 months, connectivity decreased for placebo and further increased in the escitalopram group. Additionally, a steep increase in node strength for negative affect nodes was observed in the escitalopram network and the opposite for positive affect nodes. Over time, group symptom networks became increasingly different from each other. Anxious-anxious and enthusiastic-relaxed became significantly different between groups at 6 months. The connection that changed significantly in all analyses was anxious-anxious. CONCLUSIONS Escitalopram treatment was associated with changes in the symptom networks in IBS patients with panic disorder. While mood and physical symptoms improve over time, mainly connectivity between mood nodes changed, possibly pointing towards a healthier emotion regulation resulting in alleviation of physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël Kreiter
- Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vork
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna W Kruimel
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Leue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Bos FM, Snippe E, Bruggeman R, Doornbos B, Wichers M, van der Krieke L. Recommendations for the use of long-term experience sampling in bipolar disorder care: a qualitative study of patient and clinician experiences. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 33258015 PMCID: PMC7704990 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-00201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-monitoring has been shown to improve the self-management and treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. However, current self-monitoring methods are limited to once-daily retrospectively assessed mood, which may not suit the rapid mood fluctuations in bipolar disorder. The experience sampling method (ESM), which assesses mood in real-time several times a day, may overcome these limitations. This study set out to assess the experiences of patients and clinicians with the addition of ESM monitoring, real-time alerts, and personalized feedback to clinical care. Participants were twenty patients with bipolar disorder type I/II and their clinicians. For four months, patients completed five ESM assessments per day on mood, symptoms, and activities. Weekly symptom questionnaires alerted patients and clinicians to potential episodes. After the monitoring, a personalized feedback report based on the patient’s data was discussed between patient and clinician. Three months later, patient and clinician were both interviewed. Results Thematic analysis of the transcripts resulted in four themes: perceived effects of the monitoring, alerts, and feedback, and recommendations for implementation of ESM. ESM was perceived as helping patients to cope better with their disorder by increasing awareness, offering new insights, and encouraging life style adjustments. ESM was further believed to facilitate communication between patient and clinician and to lead to new treatment directions. However, high assessment burden and pre-occupation with negative mood and having a disorder were also described. Patients and clinicians advocated for increased personalization and embedding of ESM in care. Conclusions This study demonstrates that long-term ESM monitoring, alerts, and personalized feedback are perceived as beneficial to the treatment and self-management of patients with bipolar disorder. Future research should further test the clinical utility of ESM. Clinically relevant feedback and technology need to be developed to enable personalized integration of ESM in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionneke M Bos
- Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelien Snippe
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bennard Doornbos
- Department of Specialized Training, Psychiatric Hospital Mental Health Services Drenthe, Outpatient Clinics, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lian van der Krieke
- Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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von Klipstein L, Riese H, van der Veen DC, Servaas MN, Schoevers RA. Using person-specific networks in psychotherapy: challenges, limitations, and how we could use them anyway. BMC Med 2020; 18:345. [PMID: 33222699 PMCID: PMC7682008 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complexity of psychopathology is evident from its multifactorial etiology and diversity of symptom profiles and hampers effective treatment. In psychotherapy, therapists approach this complexity by using case conceptualization. During this process, patients and therapists closely collaborate on a personalized working theory of the patient's psychopathology. This is a challenging process and shows low reliability between therapists. With the experience sampling method (ESM), time-series data-valuable for case conceptualization-can be systematically gathered in a patient's normal daily life. These data can be analyzed and visualized in person-specific networks (PSNs). PSNs may support case conceptualization by providing a schematic representation of association patterns between affective, cognitive, behavioral, and context variables. MAIN TEXT We adopt a clinical perspective in considering how PSNs might be implemented to serve case conceptualization and what their role could be in psychotherapy. We suggest PSNs to be based on personalized ESM assessment to capture the unique constellation of variables in each patient. We reflect on the lack of a gold standard for creating PSNs, which may result in substantially different PSNs and thereby disparate information for case conceptualization. Moreover, even if PSNs are created in a consistent manner, results remain ambiguous as they are subject to multiple interpretations. Therefore, associations in PSNs do not allow for firm conclusions about a patient's psychopathology, but they may nevertheless be valuable in the process of case conceptualization. PSNs are based on systematically gathered, ecologically valid ESM data and provide a unique personalized perspective. When used responsibly, PSNs may be able to support case conceptualization by generating questions that serve as a starting point for a dialog between therapists and patients. Well-targeted questions are an essential tool for therapists to gain insight into the patients' psychopathology patterns and improve the quality of case conceptualization. CONCLUSIONS PSNs have limitations in terms of the reliability of the insights they provide directly. However, taking these challenges into account, we believe they have potential as a tool to help therapists and patients in their collaborative exploration of a patient's psychopathology. Clearly, this would need to be validated in future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino von Klipstein
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Date C van der Veen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle N Servaas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001 (CC72), 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Purpose The experience sampling method (ESM) is used for intensive longitudinal time-series data collection during normal daily life. ESM data give information on momentary affect, activities and (social) context of, for example, patients suffering from mental disorders, and allows for person-specific feedback reports. However, current personalized feedback reports only display a selection of measured variables, and typically involve only summary statistics, thus not reflecting the dynamic fluctuations in affect and its influencing factors. To address this shortcoming, we developed a tool for dynamically visualizing ESM data. Methods We introduce a new framework, ESMvis, for giving descriptive feedback, focusing on direct visualization of the dynamic nature of raw data. In this ESM feedback approach, raw ESM data are visualized using R software. We applied ESMvis to data collected for over 52 weeks on a patient diagnosed with an obsessive–compulsive disorder with comorbid depression. Results We provided personalized feedback, in which both the overall trajectory and specific time moments were captured in a movie format. Two relapses during the study period could be visually determined, and subsequently confirmed by the therapist. The therapist and patient evaluated ESMvis as an insightful add-on tool to care-as-usual. Conclusion ESMvis is a showcase on providing personalized feedback by dynamic visualization of ESM time-series data. Our tool is freely available and adjustable, making it widely applicable. In addition to potential applications in clinical practice, ESMvis can work as an exploratory tool that can lead to new hypotheses and inform more complex statistical techniques. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-020-02701-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Bringmann
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Date C van der Veen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Centre Psychiatry, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Stulp
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen/Inter-University Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), Groningen, The Netherlands
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Schneider M, Vaessen T, van Duin EDA, Kasanova Z, Viechtbauer W, Reininghaus U, Vingerhoets C, Booij J, Swillen A, Vorstman JAS, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I. Affective and psychotic reactivity to daily-life stress in adults with 22q11DS: a study using the experience sampling method. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:30. [PMID: 33187471 PMCID: PMC7666493 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Vulnerability for psychopathology has been related to an increased reactivity to stress. Here, we examined affective states, perceived stress, affective and psychotic reactivity to various sources of environmental stress using the experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique allowing repeated assessments in the context of daily life. METHODS Adults with 22q11DS (n = 31; age, 34.1 years) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 24; age, 39.9 years) were included. ESM was used to assess affective states, perceived stress, and stress reactivity. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression models. RESULTS Adults with 22q11DS displayed overall higher levels of negative affect but comparable levels of positive affect compared to HCs. Higher levels of perceived stress were reported by individuals with 22q11DS. Comparable affective and psychotic reactivity in relation to all types of environmental stress was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION The results point toward higher levels of negative affect and differences in the perception of daily hassles in 22q11DS but no difference in affective or psychotic reactivity to stress. This study contributes to the growing literature regarding the impact of stress on the development of psychopathology in the 22q11DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94224, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands.,Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, David Goldberg Centre, King's College London, 18 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Lohani M, McElvaine K, Payne B, Mitcheom K, Britton W. A Longitudinal Training Study to Delineate the Specific Causal Effects of Open Monitoring Versus Focused Attention Techniques on Emotional Health. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102525. [PMID: 33066868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation is a core mechanism of mood disorders. Meditation-based interventions can ameliorate a wide range of psychological problems. However, in order to develop structured treatment and preventative protocols for emotional disorders, it is crucial to understand how different types of specific meditation practices improve emotion regulation abilities. Mindfulness-based techniques are broadly separated into two practices - open monitoring (OM) and focused attention (FA). This study directly investigated the potential practice-specific benefits of OM versus FA techniques as tools for improving emotion regulation skills from pre-to-post training. METHOD Novice participants were randomized into an 8-week long OM or FA intervention that was previously developed through a science of behavior change approach. Healthy emotional skills were assessed using experience sampling methodology and inventories. Participants were assessed before, during, and after the interventions to investigate if the type of training may explain longitudinal changes in emotional skills. RESULTS Both OM and FA attentional training practices improved acceptance of stressors and reduced distress and rumination. We also found divergent effects of OM versus FA training: Compared to OM, FA training improved abilities to use reappraisal strategy to regulate emotions in naturalistic settings at the end of 8-weeks training. FA training (versus OM) also led to greater self-regulation abilities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a FA training has specific causal impacts on emotion regulatory skills, and it can be selectively implemented in interventions to target emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lohani
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, United States.
| | - Kara McElvaine
- Human Development and Family Studies, Oregon State University, United States
| | - Brennan Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, United States
| | - Kate Mitcheom
- Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Willoughby Britton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathology research is changing focus from group-based "disease models" to a personalized approach inspired by complex systems theories. This approach, which has already produced novel and valuable insights into the complex nature of psychopathology, often relies on repeated self-ratings of individual patients. So far, it has been unknown whether such self-ratings, the presumed observables of the individual patient as a complex system, actually display complex dynamics. We examine this basic assumption of a complex systems approach to psychopathology by testing repeated self-ratings for three markers of complexity: memory, the presence of (time-varying) short- and long-range temporal correlations; regime shifts, transitions between different dynamic regimes; and sensitive dependence on initial conditions, also known as the "butterfly effect," the divergence of initially similar trajectories. METHODS We analyzed repeated self-ratings (1476 time points) from a single patient for the three markers of complexity using Bartels rank test, (partial) autocorrelation functions, time-varying autoregression, a non-stationarity test, change point analysis, and the Sugihara-May algorithm. RESULTS Self-ratings concerning psychological states (e.g., the item "I feel down") exhibited all complexity markers: time-varying short- and long-term memory, multiple regime shifts, and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Unexpectedly, self-ratings concerning physical sensations (e.g., the item "I am hungry") exhibited less complex dynamics and their behavior was more similar to random variables. CONCLUSIONS Psychological self-ratings display complex dynamics. The presence of complexity in repeated self-ratings means that we have to acknowledge that (1) repeated self-ratings yield a complex pattern of data and not a set of (nearly) independent data points, (2) humans are "moving targets" whose self-ratings display non-stationary change processes including regime shifts, and (3) long-term prediction of individual trajectories may be fundamentally impossible. These findings point to a limitation of popular statistical time series models whose assumptions are violated by the presence of these complexity markers. We conclude that a complex systems approach to mental health should appreciate complexity as a fundamental aspect of psychopathology research by adopting the models and methods of complexity science. Promising first steps in this direction, such as research on real-time process monitoring, short-term prediction, and just-in-time interventions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn Olthof
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred Hasselman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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