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Kędzior R, Skalski T. Combined effects of river hydromorphological disturbances on macroinvertebrate communities: Multispatial scales analysis of central European rivers. J Environ Manage 2024; 360:120990. [PMID: 38763115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Hydro-morphological threats impact the natural physical characteristics of river ecosystems, such as flow regimes, sediment transport, and channel morphology. These negative effects can occur at multiple scales, ranging from local microhabitats to geographic regions. Understanding these interactions can be useful for an integrated conservation approach and is needed for effective freshwater management. The aim of the study was to elucidate the combined effects of hydro-morphological threats on macroinvertebrates at three spatial scales: macroscale, including whole catchments, mesoscale (hydro-morphological changes in individual river sections) and the microscale, describing the microhabitat conditions of European rivers. The diversity and trophic structure of 1120 local macroinvertebrate communities in 28 catchments of various hydro-morphological disturbance levels, ranging from 0 to 2400 m asl, were analyzed. The response of macroinvertebrates to the main disturbance gradient differed between mountain and lowland communities. Random forest analysis indicated that the most important predictor of the ecological, diversity, and trophic indices was described by flow rate reduction. Generalized additive mixed models showed that decreased flow combined with river incision explained most of the variation in macroinvertebrate indices. Our results emphasize that based on multi-spatial scale analysis, hydro-morphological threats are very important factors in invertebrates biodiversity loss. Thus, to implement effective river management, we should pay more attention to the combined effects of geomorphological threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kędzior
- Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Agricultural University of Krakow, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skalski
- Tunnelling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Yan W, Liu X, Zhang G. Identification of potential food sources affecting blood lead levels and their health hazards (CVD, respiratory diseases, cancer). Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167505. [PMID: 37788771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead exposure is a well-known and significant public health concern. In areas with low lead exposure, comprehensive and detailed research and validation are needed to eliminate the adverse effects of environmental lead exposure. This study aims to understand the possible food pathways of environmental lead exposure by exploring the contribution of food to blood lead and the mediating effect of blood lead in the occurrence of diseases. Similarly, as lead is a heavy metal pollutant with good research foundation, fine analysis of lead in this period can also be a reference for other unknown pollutants. In this cross-sectional study of 1162 peoples, the data are taken from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NANHES) 2015-2016, we grouped the population according to the median blood lead level (0.038 μmol/L) to screen the variables adjusted by the model. we grouped foods by code and used a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to study their relationship with blood lead levels, a correlation has been found between egg mixtures (p = 0.007) and legumes (p = 0.041) consumption and blood lead levels. We analyzed how metabolic status, exercise, and macronutrient intake modulate the impact of certain foods on blood lead levels to infer its possible process. To verify whether adverse effects are caused by lead, we explored the mediating effect of blood lead on the relationship between food intake and disease [cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases, cancer], however, no statistically significant mediating effect was found. Overall, environmental lead exposure through food still affects blood lead levels, but it has not led to adverse outcomes in blood, respiratory system, or cancers Under conditions where lead exposure levels were equivalent to those in the study (blood lead levels, mean = 0.052 μmol/L, standard deviation = 0.048 μmol/L, median = 0.038 μmol/L, min = 0.002 μmol/L, max = 0.904 μmol/L, skewness = 6.543, kurtosis = 89.391).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Fu Y, Bermúdez-Margaretto B, Wang H, Tang D, Cuetos F, Dominguez A. Struggling with L2 alphabet: The role of proficiency in orthographic learning. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2760-2778. [PMID: 36691389 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the process of L2 orthographic learning in bilinguals with distant L1-L2 orthographies. Chinese-English bilinguals with various English proficiency levels were trained with novel L2 words during a reading task. In contrast to higher proficient learners, those with lower L2 proficiency exhibited increased effects of length, frequency, and lexicality across exposures and at-chance recognition of trained words. Importantly, an additional post-training task assessing the lexical integration of trained words evidenced the engagement in different L1-L2 reading strategies across different levels of L2 proficiency, hence suggesting the L1 holistic processing at the base of the effortful establishment of L2 orthographic representations shown by lower-proficient learners. Overall, these findings indicate the role of L2 proficiency in the influence that cross-linguistic variation exerts on L2 orthographic learning and highlight the need for English education programmes to tackle specific grapheme-to-phoneme skills in non-alphabetic target communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Instituto de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Huili Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Fernando Cuetos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alberto Dominguez
- Instituto de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Lv CL, Tian Y, Qiu Y, Xu Q, Chen JJ, Jiang BG, Li ZJ, Wang LP, Hay SI, Liu W, Fang LQ. Dual seasonal pattern for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its potential determinants in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160339. [PMID: 36427712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) continued to affect human health across Eurasia, which complicated by climate change has posed a challenge for the disease prevention measures. Nation-wide surveillance data of HFRS cases were collected during 2008-2020.The seasonality and epidemiological features were presented by combining the HFRS incidence and the endemic types data. Factors potentially involved in affecting incidence and shaping disease seasonality were investigated by generalized additive mixed model, distributed lag nonlinear model and multivariate meta-analysis. A total of 76 cities that reported totally 111,054 cases were analyzed. Three endemic types were determined, among them the Type I cities (Hantaan virus-dominant) were related to higher incidence level, showing one spike every year in Autumn-Winter season; Type II (Seoul virus-dominant) cities were related to lower incidence, showing one spike in Spring, while Type III (Hantaan/Seoul-mixed type) showed dual peaks with incidence lying between. Persistently heavy rainfall had significantly negative influence on HFRS incidence in Hantaan virus-dominant endemic area, while a significantly opposite effect was identified when continuously heavy rainfall induced floods, where temperature and relative humidity affected HFRS incidence via an approximately parabolic or linear manner, however few or no such effects was shown in Seoul virus-dominant endemic areas, which was more vulnerable to temperature variation. Dual seasonal pattern of HFRS was depended on the dominant genotypes of hantavirus, and impact of climate on HFRS was greater in Hantaan virus-dominant endemic areas, than in Seoul virus-dominant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Beijing Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, USA.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Foray C, Barca C, Winkeler A, Wagner S, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Grauer OM, Zinnhardt B, Jacobs AH. Interrogating Glioma-Associated Microglia and Macrophage Dynamics Under CSF-1R Therapy with Multitracer In Vivo PET/MRI. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1386-1393. [PMID: 35115369 PMCID: PMC9454459 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMMs) are key players in creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. They can be efficiently targeted by inhibiting the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). We applied noninvasive PET/CT and PET/MRI using 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine (18F-FET) (amino acid metabolism) and N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide (18F-DPA-714) (translocator protein) to understand the role of GAMMs in glioma initiation, monitor in vivo therapy-induced GAMM depletion, and observe GAMM repopulation after drug withdrawal. Methods: C57BL/6 mice (n = 44) orthotopically implanted with syngeneic mouse GL261 glioma cells were treated with different regimens using the CSF-1R inhibitor PLX5622 (6-fluoro-N-((5-fluoro-2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)-5-((5-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2-amine) or vehicle, establishing a preconditioning model and a repopulation model, respectively. The mice underwent longitudinal PET/CT and PET/MRI. Results: The preconditioning model indicated similar tumor growth based on MRI (44.5% ± 24.8%), 18F-FET PET (18.3% ± 11.3%), and 18F-DPA-714 PET (16% ± 19.04%) volume dynamics in all groups, suggesting that GAMMs are not involved in glioma initiation. The repopulation model showed significantly reduced 18F-DPA-714 uptake (-45.6% ± 18.4%), significantly reduced GAMM infiltration even after repopulation, and a significantly decreased tumor volume (-54.29% ± 8.6%) with repopulation as measured by MRI, supported by a significant reduction in 18F-FET uptake (-50.2% ± 5.3%). Conclusion: 18F-FET and 18F-DPA-714 PET/MRI allow noninvasive assessment of glioma growth under various regimens of CSF-1R therapy. CSF-1R-mediated modulation of GAMMs may be of high interest as therapy or cotherapy against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Foray
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; .,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Barca
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver M. Grauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development, Münster, Germany;,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany;,Biomarkers and Translational Technologies, Neurosciences and Rare Diseases, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development, Münster, Germany;,Department of Geriatrics with Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, and Centre for Integrated Oncology of the University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Jiang H, Feng X, Lange S, Tran A, Manthey J, Rehm J. Estimating effects of health policy interventions using interrupted time-series analyses: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:235. [PMID: 36045338 PMCID: PMC9429656 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A classic methodology used in evaluating the impact of health policy interventions is interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis, applying a quasi-experimental design that uses both pre- and post-policy data without randomization. In this paper, we took a simulation-based approach to estimating intervention effects under different assumptions. METHODS Each of the simulated mortality rates contained a linear time trend, seasonality, autoregressive, and moving-average terms. The simulations of the policy effects involved three scenarios: 1) immediate-level change only, 2) immediate-level and slope change, and 3) lagged-level and slope change. The estimated effects and biases of these effects were examined via three matched generalized additive mixed models, each of which used two different approaches: 1) effects based on estimated coefficients (estimated approach), and 2) effects based on predictions from models (predicted approach). The robustness of these two approaches was further investigated assuming misspecification of the models. RESULTS When one simulated dataset was analyzed with the matched model, the two analytical approaches produced similar estimates. However, when the models were misspecified, the number of deaths prevented, estimated using the predicted vs. estimated approaches, were very different, with the predicted approach yielding estimates closer to the real effect. The discrepancy was larger when the policy was applied early in the time-series. CONCLUSION Even when the sample size appears to be large enough, one should still be cautious when conducting ITS analyses, since the power also depends on when in the series the intervention occurs. In addition, the intervention lagged effect needs to be fully considered at the study design stage (i.e., when developing the models).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jiang
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Xinyang Feng
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Shannon Lange
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Alexander Tran
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
| | - Jakob Manthey
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation 119992
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Moncayo-Estrada R, Cruz-Agüero JDL, López-López E, Monte-Luna PD, Díaz-Argüero MM, Chacón-Torres A, Ramírez-García A, Domínguez-Domínguez O, Ramírez-Herrejón JP. Historical analysis of an imperiled fish species: environmental variables modeling, biotic interactions, extirpation, and current restricted-range. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27:165. [PMID: 35638432 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2705165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of spatial and temporal patterns and interactions are important for determining the abiotic factors limiting populations and the impact from other species and different anthropogenic stressors that promote the extirpation of species. The fish Hubbsina turneri de Buen (1940) was studied as a model species in a historical context at varying locations. Originally distributed only in the Lerma-Chapala basin, the main lake complex in Mexico, this species has not been collected from Lake Cuitzeo (LC) and now is restricted to Lake Zacapu (LZ). At present, the Highland splitfin is classified as critically endangered. METHODS Historical information of LC and historical and current information from LZ were explored by applying cluster analysis and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to describe the biotic interactions among fish species and the relationship between density and environmental variables, respectively. The two lakes' contrasting abiotic/biotic characteristics provided elements to describe some species distribution limits in chemical ion gradients. Extirpation calendar dates were estimated using an optimal linear estimation method. Finally, a bibliographic review was conducted on the causes that promoted the extirpation and restriction of H. turneri and the prognosis for its reestablishment and conservation. RESULTS Clusters showed the fishes relationship according to their distribution along the lakes. GAMM indicated that high H. turneri density is related to low hardness/fecal coliforms, medium depth/suspended solids, and high oxygen concentration. Estimated extirpation dates were between the years 2013 and 2018. The extirpation was linked to an abrupt drop in the LC volume, water quality degradation, increased biotic interactions within macrophytes habitats with native and introduced species, and fisheries bycatches. The current restricted range of H. turneri resulted from the draining of the larger lake, forcing the remaining populations to small spring-fed remnants. Recent samplings in LZ resulted in a low number of individuals. CONCLUSIONS The integration of ecological interactions derived from statistical models, extirpation dates from nonparametric tests, and the exhaustive analysis of historical information can be applied to define the current situation of imperiled, ecologically relevant species, in different aquatic ecosystems. We are confident that this general framework is important for determining (1) the requirements and limitations of populations regarding abiotic variables, (2) biotic interactions (trophic and spatial) with native and introduced species, and (3) different anthropogenic stressors within and around the ecosystem. This knowledge will also allow understanding those aspects that contribute to the extirpation of populations and could help the restoration of the habitat and the reintroduction of extirpated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - José De La Cruz-Agüero
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Eugenia López-López
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., México
| | - Pablo Del Monte-Luna
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - María Magdalena Díaz-Argüero
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., México
| | - Arturo Chacón-Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida San Juanito Itzicuaro s/n, Nueva Esperanza, 58330 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Arely Ramírez-García
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez-Herrejón
- Conacyt-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Campus UAQ-Aeropuerto, Carretera a Chichimequillas s/n, Ejido Bolaños, 76140 Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Boivin-Rioux A, Starr M, Chassé J, Scarratt M, Perrie W, Long Z, Lavoie D. Harmful algae and climate change on the Canadian East Coast: Exploring occurrence predictions of Dinophysis acuminata, D. norvegica, and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata. Harmful Algae 2022; 112:102183. [PMID: 35144821 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a threat to human health, local economies, and coastal ecosystems. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were fitted using a 24-y database in order to predict future occurrences of three distinct species of HABs on the Canadian East Coast, the dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and D. norvegica, and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata. GAMMs produced for each species were combined with two downscaled climate simulations (MPI-ESM-LR and CanESM2) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 over the 21st century. D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and P. seriata GAMMs were fitted using sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature, with wind speed averaged over seven days added to the P. seriata model. GAMMs succeeded at various degrees at reproducing past HAB events, with D. acuminata and D. norvegica being accurately modelled, and P. seriata producing less precise model results. Both climate simulations lead to similar conclusions in regards to the spatio-temporal shift in occurrences of the three studied species. D. acuminata and D. norvegica blooms (≥ 1000 cells L - 1) are predicted to increase in the future, whereas P. seriata bloom events (≥ 5000 cells L - 1) will tend to stabilise/decrease overall on the Canadian East Coast. Dinophysis blooms are most likely to increase in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms will move to the northeastern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and will increase in the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine regions. On average, earlier blooms and larger seasonal windows of opportunity are predicted across all species investigated. We conclude that changes in D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and P. seriata bloom dynamics and their spatial distributions could threaten aquaculture industries and ecosystem health on Canada's East Coast in localities and during seasons which were not previously impacted by these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Boivin-Rioux
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la mer, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4 Canada.
| | - Michel Starr
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la mer, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4 Canada
| | - Joël Chassé
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6 Canada
| | - Michael Scarratt
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la mer, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4 Canada
| | - William Perrie
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2 Canada
| | - Zhenxia Long
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2 Canada
| | - Diane Lavoie
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la mer, Mont-Joli, Québec, G5H 3Z4 Canada
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Hongo S, Nakashima Y, Akomo-Okoue EF, Mindonga-Nguelet FL. Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps. J Mammal 2022; 103:159-168. [PMID: 35087330 PMCID: PMC8789762 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement is a fundamental characteristic of animals, but challenging to measure noninvasively. Noninvasive methods for measuring travel have different weaknesses, so multiple techniques need to be applied multiple techniques for reliable inferences. We used two methods, direct tracking and camera trapping, to examine the variation in time and seasonal differences in movement rates of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), an elusive primate that lives in large groups in central Africa. In a 400-km2 rainforest area in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, we tracked unidentified groups 46 times from 2009 to 2013. We systematically placed 157 terrestrial camera traps in the same area from 2012 to 2014 and recorded groups 309 times. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) of the tracking data indicated that the group travel speed varied with time and season. In the fruiting season, the movement rate fluctuated with time in a bimodal pattern, whereas in the nonfruiting season, it increased monotonously with time. The predicted day range was longer in the fruiting season (6.98 km) than in the nonfruiting season (6.06 km). These seasonal differences suggest responses to changes in food resources and temperature. Camera-trap detection rates showed similar temporal and seasonal patterns to the tracking data, allowing us to generalize our findings to the population level. Moreover, cameras never detected mandrills at night, and we observed that they slept high in trees and hardly moved until the next morning, all suggesting their strict avoidance of nighttime movement. This study demonstrated the significance of the multiple-method approach in drawing robust conclusions on temporal patterns of animal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hongo
- The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakashima
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Science, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etienne François Akomo-Okoue
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRET–CENAREST), B.P. 13354, Libreville, Estuaire, Gabon
| | - Fred Loïque Mindonga-Nguelet
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRET–CENAREST), B.P. 13354, Libreville, Estuaire, Gabon
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Chust G, González M, Fontán A, Revilla M, Alvarez P, Santos M, Cotano U, Chifflet M, Borja A, Muxika I, Sagarminaga Y, Caballero A, de Santiago I, Epelde I, Liria P, Ibaibarriaga L, Garnier R, Franco J, Villarino E, Irigoien X, Fernandes-Salvador JA, Uriarte A, Esteban X, Orue-Echevarria D, Figueira T, Uriarte A. Climate regime shifts and biodiversity redistribution in the Bay of Biscay. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149622. [PMID: 34496346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global ocean warming, wave extreme events, and accelerating sea-level rise are challenges that coastal communities must address to anticipate damages in coming decades. The objective of this study is to undertake a time-series analysis of climate change (CC) indicators within the Bay of Biscay, including the Basque coast. We used an integrated and flexible methodology, based on Generalized Additive Mixed Models, to detect trends on 19 indicators (including marine physics, chemistry, atmosphere, hydrology, geomorphology, biodiversity, and commercial species). The results of 87 long-term time series analysed (~512,000 observations), in the last four decades, indicate four groups of climate regime shifts: 1) A gradual shift associated with CC starting in the 1980s, with a warming of the sea surface down to 100 m depth in the bay (0.10-0.25 °C per decade), increase in air temperature and insolation. This warming may have impacted on benthic community redistribution in the Basque coast, favouring warm-water species relative to cold-water species. Weight at age for anchovy and sardine decreased in the last two decades. 2) Deepening of the winter mixed layer depth in the south-eastern bay that probably led to increases in nutrients, surface oxygen, and chlorophyll concentration. Current increases on chlorophyll and zooplankton (i.e., copepods) biomass are contrary to those expected under CC scenarios in the region. 3) Sea-level rise (1.5-3.5 cm per decade since 1990s), associated with CC. 4) Increase of extreme wave height events of 16.8 cm per decade in the south-eastern bay, probably related to stormy conditions in the last decade, with impacts on beach erosion. Estimating accurate rates of sea warming, sea-level rise, extreme events, and foreseeing the future pathways of marine productivity, are key to define the best adaptation measures to minimize negative CC impacts in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Chust
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain.
| | - Manuel González
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Almudena Fontán
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Marta Revilla
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Paula Alvarez
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - María Santos
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Unai Cotano
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Marina Chifflet
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iñigo Muxika
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sagarminaga
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Caballero
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Iñaki de Santiago
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Irati Epelde
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Pedro Liria
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Leire Ibaibarriaga
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Roland Garnier
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Javier Franco
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Ernesto Villarino
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain; Scripps Institution of Oceanography UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr 0218, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, United States of America; College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, United States of America
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - José A Fernandes-Salvador
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Andrés Uriarte
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Xabier Esteban
- Climate Change Foundation of Gipuzkoa - NATURKLIMA, Paseo Mikeletegi, 65 - Edif. B2, 20009 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dorleta Orue-Echevarria
- Climate Change Foundation of Gipuzkoa - NATURKLIMA, Paseo Mikeletegi, 65 - Edif. B2, 20009 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tiago Figueira
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Invalidenstraße 42, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adolfo Uriarte
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain
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Foray C, Valtorta S, Barca C, Winkeler A, Roll W, Müther M, Wagner S, Gardner ML, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Grauer OM, Moresco RM, Zinnhardt B, Jacobs AH. Imaging temozolomide-induced changes in the myeloid glioma microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:2020-2033. [PMID: 33500706 PMCID: PMC7797694 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The heterogeneous nature of gliomas makes the development and application of novel treatments challenging. In particular, infiltrating myeloid cells play a role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Hence, a detailed understanding of the dynamic interplay of tumor cells and immune cells in vivo is necessary. To investigate the complex interaction between tumor progression and therapy-induced changes in the myeloid immune component of the tumor microenvironment, we used a combination of [18F]FET (amino acid metabolism) and [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO, GAMMs, tumor cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells) PET/MRI together with immune-phenotyping. The aim of the study was to monitor temozolomide (TMZ) treatment response and therapy-induced changes in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: Eighteen NMRInu/nu mice orthotopically implanted with Gli36dEGFR cells underwent MRI and PET/CT scans before and after treatment with TMZ or DMSO (vehicle). Tumor-to-background (striatum) uptake ratios were calculated and areas of unique tracer uptake (FET vs. DPA) were determined using an atlas-based volumetric approach. Results: TMZ therapy significantly modified the spatial distribution and uptake of both tracers. [18F]FET uptake was significantly reduced after therapy (-53 ± 84%) accompanied by a significant decrease of tumor volume (-17 ± 6%). In contrast, a significant increase (61 ± 33%) of [18F]DPA-714 uptake was detected by TSPO imaging in specific areas of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) validated the reduction in tumor volumes and further revealed the presence of reactive TSPO-expressing glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMMs) in the TME. Conclusion: We confirm the efficiency of [18F]FET-PET for monitoring TMZ-treatment response and demonstrate that in vivo TSPO-PET performed with [18F]DPA-714 can be used to identify specific reactive areas of myeloid cell infiltration in the TME.
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Antonucci G, Croci M, Miras-Moreno B, Fracasso A, Amaducci S. Integration of Gas Exchange With Metabolomics: High-Throughput Phenotyping Methods for Screening Biostimulant-Elicited Beneficial Responses to Short-Term Water Deficit. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:678925. [PMID: 34140966 PMCID: PMC8204046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are emerging as a feasible tool for counteracting reduction in climate change-related yield and quality under water scarcity. As they are gaining attention, the necessity for accurately assessing phenotypic variables in their evaluation is emerging as a critical issue. In light of this, high-throughput phenotyping techniques have been more widely adopted. The main bottleneck of these techniques is represented by data management, which needs to be tailored to the complex, often multifactorial, data. This calls for the adoption of non-linear regression models capable of capturing dynamic data and also the interaction and effects between multiple factors. In this framework, a commercial glycinebetaine- (GB-) based biostimulant (Vegetal B60, ED&F Man) was tested and distributed at a rate of 6 kg/ha. Exogenous application of GB, a widely accumulated and documented stress adaptor molecule in plants, has been demonstrated to enhance the plant abiotic stress tolerance, including drought. Trials were conducted on tomato plants during the flowering stage in a greenhouse. The experiment was designed as a factorial combination of irrigation (water-stressed and well-watered) and biostimulant treatment (treated and control) and adopted a mixed phenotyping-omics approach. The efficacy of a continuous whole-canopy multichamber system coupled with generalized additive mixed modeling (GAMM) was evaluated to discriminate between water-stressed plants under the biostimulant treatment. Photosynthetic performance was evaluated by using GAMM, and was then correlated to metabolic profile. The results confirmed a higher photosynthetic efficiency of the treated plants, which is correlated to biostimulant-mediated drought tolerance. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses demonstrated the priming effect of the biostimulant for stress tolerance and detoxification and stabilization of photosynthetic machinery. In support of this, the overaccumulation of carotenoids was particularly relevant, given their photoprotective role in preventing the overexcitation of photosystem II. Metabolic profile and photosynthetic performance findings suggest an increased effective use of water (EUW) through the overaccumulation of lipids and leaf thickening. The positive effect of GB on water stress resistance could be attributed to both the delayed onset of stress and the elicitation of stress priming through the induction of H2O2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. Overall, the mixed approach supported by a GAMM analysis could prove a valuable contribution to high-throughput biostimulant testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonucci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Antonucci
| | - Michele Croci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fracasso
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
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Kirsch F, Schramm A, Kurz C, Schwarzkopf L, Lutter JI, Huber M, Leidl R. Effect of BMI on health care expenditures stratified by COPD GOLD severity grades: Results from the LQ-DMP study. Respir Med 2020; 175:106194. [PMID: 33166903 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, which is progressive and not fully reversible. In patients with COPD, body mass index (BMI) is an important parameter associated with health outcomes, e.g. mortality and health-related quality of life. However, so far no study evaluated the association of BMI and health care expenditures across different COPD severity grades. We used claims data and documentation data of a Disease Management Program (DMP) from a statutory health insurance fund (AOK Bayern). Patients were excluded if they had less than 4 observations in the 8 years observational period. Generalized additive mixed models with smooth functions were used to evaluate the association between BMI and health care expenditures, stratified by severity of COPD, indicated by GOLD grades 1-4. We included 30,682 patients with overall 188,725 observations. In GOLD grades 1-3 we found an u-shaped relation of BMI and expenditures, where patients with a BMI of 30 or slightly above had the lowest and underweight and obese patients had the highest health care expenditures. Contrarily, in GOLD grade 4 we found an almost linear decline of health care expenditures with increasing BMI. In terms of expenditures, the often reported obesity paradox in patients with COPD was clearly reflected in GOLD grade 4, while in all other severity grades underweight as well as severely obese patients caused the highest health care expenditures. Reduction of obesity may thus reduce health care expenditures in GOLD grades 1-3.
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14
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Gaston RT, Ramroop S. Prevalence of and factors associated with malaria in children under five years of age in Malawi, using malaria indicator survey data. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03946. [PMID: 32426545 PMCID: PMC7226652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a public health problem in developing countries and Malawi is no different. Although there has been an improvement in reducing malaria in Malawi, it remains a problem, especially in children less than five years old. The primary objective of the study was to assess whether socio-economic, geographic and demographic factors are associated with malaria, using the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM). DATA AND METHODOLOGY The study used a 2017 dataset from the Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey (MMI) with a total number of 2724 children under five years old. The study also utilized the GAMM to analyze data. The outcome was that either the child had malaria or did not, as detected using the malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) (Ayele et al., 2014a). RESULTS In this study, more than 37 % of the total number of children who were tested showed a positive malaria result. In addition, the results from this study using GAMM indicated that anaemia, mother's education level, wealth index, child's age, the altitude of the place of residence, region, place of residence, toilet facility and electricity were significantly associated with a positive malaria RDT. CONCLUSION The study revealed that socio-economic, geographical and demographic variables are the key factors in improving malaria vectors in children. Improving income levels and supporting the poorer rural community mostly from the Central Region would be a great achievement in reducing malaria vectors in Malawi. In addition, improving health care in rural areas, especially at higher altitudes, would contribute to controlling malaria and reducing anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugiranka Tony Gaston
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Shaun Ramroop
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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15
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Foray C, Barca C, Backhaus P, Schelhaas S, Winkeler A, Viel T, Schäfers M, Grauer O, Jacobs AH, Zinnhardt B. Multimodal Molecular Imaging of the Tumour Microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1225:71-87. [PMID: 32030648 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) surrounding tumour cells is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous composition of immune cells, fibroblasts, precursor cells, endothelial cells, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Due to the heterogeneity and the constant crosstalk between the TME and the tumour cells, the components of the TME are important prognostic parameters in cancer and determine the response to novel immunotherapies. To improve the characterization of the TME, novel non-invasive imaging paradigms targeting the complexity of the TME are urgently needed.The characterization of the TME by molecular imaging will (1) support early diagnosis and disease follow-up, (2) guide (stereotactic) biopsy sampling, (3) highlight the dynamic changes during disease pathogenesis in a non-invasive manner, (4) help monitor existing therapies, (5) support the development of novel TME-targeting therapies and (6) aid stratification of patients, according to the cellular composition of their tumours in correlation to their therapy response.This chapter will summarize the most recent developments and applications of molecular imaging paradigms beyond FDG for the characterization of the dynamic molecular and cellular changes in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Foray
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D), Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Barca
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D), Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Backhaus
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- UMR 1023, IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Viel
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, INSERM-U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Grauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D), Münster, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital, Evangelische Kliniken, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany. .,PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D), Münster, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Cardil A, Vega-García C, Ascoli D, Molina-Terrén DM, Silva CA, Rodrigues M. How does drought impact burned area in Mediterranean vegetation communities? Sci Total Environ 2019; 693:133603. [PMID: 31635012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought and water stress are widely known to influence fuel moisture content and flammability, although differences do exist according to the response mechanisms and adaptive traits displayed by plant communities. In the Mediterranean basin, as a result of climate change, extreme drought events are expected to become more frequent and severe, envisaging episodes of increased fire risk. In this paper, we expand the scale of analysis on how does drought influence wildfire incidence exploring the joint influence on burned area of drought duration, magnitude and temporal distribution, and the affected vegetation communities (VCs). We leveraged the weekly adaptation of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and historical fire perimeters to model complex interactions between drought and burned area mediated by VC composition and structure. We applied multivariate factor analysis (multi-group Principal Component Analysis) and non-parametric mixed regression models (GAMM) to a set of 1-to-48 weeks SPEI and 10 dominant VCs. We detected a significant influence of drought events (negative SPEI) on burned area, although differences in terms of seasonal distribution and VC were observed. Drought played a major role in explaining burned area in late spring and autumn by altering the usual positive rainfall-evapotranspiration balance, suggesting a potential lengthening of the fire season given the projected drought trends in the next decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cardil
- Tecnosylva Parque Tecnológico de León, 24009 León, Spain; Department of Crops and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - C Vega-García
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona 25280, Spain
| | - D Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - D M Molina-Terrén
- Department of Crops and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - C A Silva
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M Rodrigues
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain; GEOFOREST Group, University Institute of Research in Environmental sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Ngowo HS, Kaindoa EW, Matthiopoulos J, Ferguson HM, Okumu FO. Variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:102. [PMID: 29552642 PMCID: PMC5829465 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12928.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. Whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. We investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus. Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors weekly using human landing catches at eight households in four villages in south-eastern Tanzania, resulting in 616 trap-nights over 12 months. Daily temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were recorded. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to test associations between mosquito abundance and the microclimatic conditions. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to investigate the influence of microclimatic conditions on the tendency of vectors to bite outdoors (proportion of outdoor biting). Results: An. arabiensis abundance peaked during high rainfall months (February-May), whilst An. funestus density remained stable into the dry season (May-August) . Across the range of observed household temperatures, a rise of 1 ºC marginally increased nightly An. arabiensis abundance (~11%), but more prominently increased An. funestus abundance (~66%). The abundance of An. arabiensis and An. funestus showed strong positive associations with time-lagged rainfall (2-3 and 3-4 weeks before sampling). The degree of outdoor biting in An. arabiensis was significantly associated with the relative temperature difference between indoor and outdoor environments, with exophily increasing as temperature inside houses became relatively warmer. The exophily of An. funestus did not vary with temperature differences. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that malaria vector An. arabiensis shifts the location of its biting from indoors to outdoors in association with relative differences in microclimatic conditions. These environmental impacts could give rise to seasonal variation in mosquito biting behaviour and degree of protection provided by indoor-based vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halfan S. Ngowo
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emmanuel Wilson Kaindoa
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Jason Matthiopoulos
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather M. Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fredros O. Okumu
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa
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Abstract
Increased regulation of chemical pesticides and rapid evolution of pesticide resistance have increased calls for sustainable pest management. Biological control offers sustainable pest suppression, partly because evolution of resistance to predators and parasitoids is prevented by several factors (e.g., spatial or temporal refuges from attacks, reciprocal evolution by control agents, and contrasting selection pressures from other enemy species). However, evolution of resistance may become more probable as agricultural intensification reduces the availability of refuges and diversity of enemy species, or if control agents have genetic barriers to evolution. Here we use 21 y of field data from 196 sites across New Zealand to show that parasitism of a key pasture pest (Listronotus bonariensis; Argentine stem weevil) by an introduced parasitoid (Microctonus hyperodae) was initially nationally successful but then declined by 44% (leading to pasture damage of c. 160 million New Zealand dollars per annum). This decline was not attributable to parasitoid numbers released, elevation, or local climatic variables at sample locations. Rather, in all locations the decline began 7 y (14 host generations) following parasitoid introduction, despite releases being staggered across locations in different years. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally that declining parasitism rates occurred in ryegrass Lolium perenne, which is grown nationwide in high-intensity was significantly less than in adjacent plots of a less-common pasture grass (Lolium multiflorum), indicating that resistance to parasitism is host plant-dependent. We conclude that low plant and enemy biodiversity in intensive large-scale agriculture may facilitate the evolution of host resistance by pests and threaten the long-term viability of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Reale
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Steve Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Stephen L Goldson
- AgResearch Ltd., Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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19
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Tremblay A, Newman AJ. Modeling nonlinear relationships in ERP data using mixed-effects regression with R examples. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:124-39. [PMID: 25132114 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the analysis of psychological and psychophysiological data, the relationship between two variables is often assumed to be a straight line. This may be due to the prevalence of the general linear model in data analysis in these fields, which makes this assumption implicitly. However, there are many problems for which this assumption does not hold. In this paper, we show that, in the analysis of event-related potential (ERP) data, the assumption of linearity comes at a cost and may significantly affect the inferences drawn from the data. We demonstrate why the assumption of linearity should be relaxed and how to model nonlinear relationships between ERP amplitudes and predictor variables within the familiar framework of generalized linear models, using regression splines and mixed-effects modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tremblay
- NeuroCognitive Imaging Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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