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Caye P, Rappeti JCDS, Perera SC, Segat HJ, Vives PS, Braga FDVA, Cleff MB, Meinerz ARM, Cavalcanti GADO, Milech V, Antunes BN, Müller DCDM, Brun MV. Nephrectomy in 52 dogs for the treatment of Dioctophyme renale infection - Knowing the enemy to win. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 58:100828. [PMID: 37890579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dioctophyme renale (D. renale) is a nematode that parasitizes the kidney of mammals. Treatment is often surgical, with removal of the affected organ. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical aspects, the interval between diagnosis and treatment, the occurrence of pre- and intraoperative complications, and the postoperative survival time of dogs parasitized by D. renale undergoing therapeutic nephrectomy. Records of fifty-two dogs treated in a single hospital service were analyzed. We collected epidemiological data, laboratory results, diagnostic method, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique and time, type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, pre- and intraoperative complications, location and number of parasites, and postoperative survival time. Of the 52 dogs undergoing right nephrectomy by laparotomy, 61.5 % were female and 63.4 % were adults. Although the most common clinical sign was hematuria (25 %), 61.5 % of the patients were asymptomatic. Eosinophilia and increased serum urea were the only laboratory changes found. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 27.4 ± 23 days and no patient showed changes suggestive of surgical emergency. The most common surgical approach was the right paracostal (61.5 %), and a continuous suture pattern was predominant. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.6 % of the procedures, varying from mild to severe hemorrhage. Mean postoperative survival was 835.5 ± 428 days. Dioctophymosis was effectively controlled by nephrectomy of the affected kidney, allowing a mean survival of more than 830 days. No serious complications caused by intervals between diagnosis and treatment have been reported. This is the largest retrospective study evaluating dogs infected with D. renale that were surgically treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Caye
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Vives
- Veterinary Clinics Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Mano Meinerz
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Milech
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Nascimento Antunes
- Post-graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Veloso Brun
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship - Level 1C (3304353/2021-3)
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Greer T, Amaro AA, Wilson D, Smrdelj M. Giant Red Kidney Worm (Dioctophyma renale) Screening and Treatment Protocol and Aberrant Worm Migration In Dogs From Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. J Parasitol 2021; 107:358-363. [PMID: 33906232 DOI: 10.1645/20-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of Dioctophyma renale involves an intermediate host (oligochaete), a paratenic hosts (fish and frogs), and a definitive host (mustelids and canids). Dogs are at risk of infection with D. renale when they consume paratenic hosts infected with the larval form of D. renale. Water containing the oligochaete intermediate host cannot be disregarded as another source of infection. Infections occur mainly in the right kidney, but worms have also been found in the abdominal cavity as well as other organs. Most dogs appear asymptomatic and infections are usually noted as incidental findings on necropsy. Recently, the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and Humane Society conducted transports of dogs located in northern remote communities. In 2016, some female dogs were found to be infected with D. renale upon ovariohysterectomy. In response to this discovery, we developed a screening protocol to screen for D. renale infections. In 2018, a total of 130 intact dogs were transferred from 2 northern communities in the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. A prevalence of 7.94% (95% confidence interval 3.87-14.11%) was found from dogs from the northern communities. The screening protocol we developed provides a method of screening for dogs that are transported from communities that could be at risk of infection with D. renale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Greer
- Niagara SPCA, 700 East Main Street, Welland, L3B 2M6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Anick Amaro
- Georgian Triangle Humane Society, 549 Tenth Line, Collingwood, L9Y 0W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Wilson
- Department of Shelter Health and Wellness, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), Stouffville, L4A 2W3 Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Smrdelj
- Department of Shelter Health and Wellness, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), Stouffville, L4A 2W3 Ontario, Canada
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