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Markiewicz A, Strömvall AM, Björklund K. Alternative sorption filter materials effectively remove non-particulate organic pollutants from stormwater. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:139059. [PMID: 32416506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban runoff contains a mixture of both particulate and non-particulate organic pollutants (OPs). Hydrophobic OPs such as higher petroleum hydrocarbons, phthalates, and polycyclic organic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not exclusively bound to particles, but also present in runoff in colloidal and truly dissolved forms. These hydrophobic compounds can also form nano- and microsized emulsions that may carry pollutants in stormwater. Hence, it is of great importance to develop treatment technologies such as sorption filters that can remove non-particulate OPs from contaminated stormwater. A pilot plant using column bed-filters of sand as a pre-filter, in combination with granulated activated carbon, Sphagnum peat or Pinus sylvestris bark, was used to investigate the removal of non-particulate OPs from urban stormwater. Samples from the filter effluents were collected weekly; during or after rain events; and during stress tests when incoming water was spiked with contaminated sediment and petrol or diesel. All sorption filters showed efficient reduction of aliphatic diesel hydrocarbons C16-C35, benzene, and the PAHs phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene during most of the operation time, which was 18 months. During the stress test events, all sorption filters showed 100% reduction of PAH-16, petrol and diesel aliphatics C5-C35. All sorption filters released DOC and nanoparticles, which may explain some of the transportation of OPs through the filter beds. The recommendation is to use a combination of sand pre-filtration and all the studied sorption materials in stormwater filters in series, to achieve effective removal of different types of OPs. It is also important to improve the hydraulic conditions to obtain sufficient water flows through the filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markiewicz
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Björklund
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Kerr Wood Leidal Associates Ltd., 200 - 4185A Still Creek Drive Burnaby, British Columbia V5C 6G9, Canada.
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Ndagijimana P, Liu X, Li Z, Yu G, Wang Y. The synthesis strategy to enhance the performance and cyclic utilization of granulated activated carbon-based sorbent for bisphenol A and triclosan removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:15758-15771. [PMID: 32080818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For a potential and efficient solution in the mitigation of aquatic pollution, this study reported a well-designed and developed protected granulated activated carbon (GAC) material which ensures high strength property and adsorption performance to meet the industrial application. The prepared GAC material was shaped into a spherical core using natural binders basically assumed to constitute waste solids materials. Then after, the granulated carbon core (GAC core) was protected by a porous ceramic shell which confined the material with strong protection and high mechanical strength to resist against degeneration and pressure drop as a limiting factor for most sorbents employed in solution. The CSGAC characterization results proved that the ceramic shell has a smaller thickness (0.1 cm), good mechanical strength (2.0 MPa), and additionally, it presents larger porous channels which promote the fast and higher adsorption performance making it the desired material for the application in the real liquid environment. The test results showed that the prepared material had higher removal of triclosan (TCS) (30-40 mg/L) than BPA counterpart from the aqueous solutions. Moreover, it showed higher adsorption performance compared to the unprotected carbon materials. Furthermore, the mechanisms of BPA and TCS adsorption by core-shell granulated activated carbon (CSGAC) were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamphile Ndagijimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Giebner S, Ostermann S, Straskraba S, Oetken M, Oehlmann J, Wagner M. Effectivity of advanced wastewater treatment: reduction of in vitro endocrine activity and mutagenicity but not of in vivo reproductive toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3965-3976. [PMID: 27596589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have a limited capacity to eliminate micropollutants. One option to improve this is tertiary treatment. Accordingly, the WWTP Eriskirch at the German river Schussen has been upgraded with different combinations of ozonation, sand, and granulated activated carbon filtration. In this study, the removal of endocrine and genotoxic effects in vitro and reproductive toxicity in vivo was assessed in a 2-year long-term monitoring. All experiments were performed with aqueous and solid-phase extracted water samples. Untreated wastewater affected several endocrine endpoints in reporter gene assays. The conventional treatment removed the estrogenic and androgenic activity by 77 and 95 %, respectively. Nevertheless, high anti-estrogenic activities and reproductive toxicity persisted. All advanced treatment technologies further reduced the estrogenic activities by additional 69-86 % compared to conventional treatment, resulting in a complete removal of up to 97 %. In the Ames assay, we detected an ozone-induced mutagenicity, which was removed by subsequent filtration. This demonstrates that a post treatment to ozonation is needed to minimize toxic oxidative transformation products. In the reproduction test with the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a decreased number of embryos was observed for all wastewater samples. This indicates that reproductive toxicants were eliminated by neither the conventional nor the advanced treatment. Furthermore, aqueous samples showed higher anti-estrogenic and reproductive toxicity than extracted samples, indicating that the causative compounds are not extractable or were lost during extraction. This underlines the importance of the adequate handling of wastewater samples. Taken together, this study demonstrates that combinations of multiple advanced technologies reduce endocrine effects in vitro. However, they did not remove in vitro anti-estrogenicity and in vivo reproductive toxicity. This implies that a further optimization of advanced wastewater treatment is needed that goes beyond combining available technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giebner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sina Ostermann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Straskraba
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Li J, Lin H, Zhu K, Zhang H. Degradation of Acid Orange 7 using peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by granulated activated carbon and enhanced by electrolysis. Chemosphere 2017; 188:139-147. [PMID: 28881241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry coupled with granulated activated carbon catalysis of peroxymonosulfate (electro/GAC/PMS) as a novel wastewater treatment process was performed for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution. The decolorization of AO7 was compared under different permutations and combinations of electro-oxidation, GAC and PMS. It showed that the electro/GAC/PMS process was the most effective and the decolorization of AO7 followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The surface chemistry of GAC samples was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared with the fresh samples, π-electron density and hydroxyl group content decreased under the GAC/PMS system, but kept the similar values under the electro/GAC/PMS system. Electron paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenger studies were used to verify the formation of sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). The optimized conditions were found to be: current density 8 mA cm-2; PMS concentration 5 mM; GAC dosage 0.5 g L-1; and initial pH value 5.0. GAC recycling experiments over 4 runs showed some decrease in reactivity. Overall, the results indicate that 100% color removal was readily achieved and 50.4% of TOC was removed which shows high efficiency of the electro/GAC/PMS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kangmeng Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Kjellerup BV, Naff C, Edwards SJ, Ghosh U, Baker JE, Sowers KR. Effects of activated carbon on reductive dechlorination of PCBs by organohalide respiring bacteria indigenous to sediments. Water Res 2014; 52:1-10. [PMID: 24440760 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have accumulated in aquatic sediments due to their inherent chemical stability and their presence poses a risk due to their potential toxicity in humans and animals. Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been applied to PCB contaminated sediment sites to reduce the aqueous concentration by sequestration thus reducing the PCB exposure and toxicity to both benthic and aquatic organisms. However, it is not known how the reduction of PCB bioavailability by adsorption to GAC affects bacterial transformation of PCBs by indigenous organohalide respiring bacteria. In this study, the impact of GAC on anaerobic dechlorination by putative organohalide respiring bacteria indigenous to sediment from Baltimore Harbor was examined. It was shown that the average Cl/biphenyl after dehalogenation of Aroclor 1260 was similar between treatments with and without GAC amendment. However, GAC caused a substantial shift in the congener distribution whereby a smaller fraction of highly chlorinated congeners was more extensively dechlorinated to mono- through tri-chlorinated congeners compared to the formation of tri- through penta-chlorinated congeners in unamended sediment. The results combined with comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggest that GAC caused a community shift to putative organohalide respiring phylotypes that coincided with more extensive dechlorination of ortho and unflanked chlorines. This shift in activity by GAC shown here for the first time has the potential to promote greater degradation in situ by promoting accumulation of less chlorinated congeners that are generally more susceptible to complete mineralization by aerobic PCB degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Kjellerup
- Goucher College, Department of Biological Sciences, 1021 Dulaney Valley Road, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
| | - C Naff
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, University of Maryland, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - S J Edwards
- Goucher College, Department of Biological Sciences, 1021 Dulaney Valley Road, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - U Ghosh
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - J E Baker
- Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington-Tacoma, 326 East D Street, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - K R Sowers
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, University of Maryland, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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