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Abebe JS, Alwie Y, Fuhrmann E, Leins J, Mai J, Verstraten R, Schreiner S, Wilson AC, Depledge DP. Nanopore Guided Annotation of Transcriptome Architectures. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.02.587744. [PMID: 38617228 PMCID: PMC11014626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution annotations of transcriptomes from all domains of life are essential for many sequencing-based RNA analyses, including Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS), which would otherwise be hindered by misalignments and other analysis artefacts. DRS allows the capture and full-length sequencing of native RNAs, without recoding or amplification bias, and resulting data may be interrogated to define the identity and location of chemically modified ribonucleotides, as well as the length of poly(A) tails on individual RNA molecules. Existing software solutions for generating high-resolution transcriptome annotations are poorly suited to small gene dense organisms such as viruses due to the challenge of identifying distinct transcript isoforms where alternative splicing and overlapping RNAs are prevalent. To resolve this, we identified key characteristics of DRS datasets and developed a novel approach to transcriptome. We demonstrate, using a combination of synthetic and original datasets, that our novel approach yields a high level of precision and recall when reconstructing both gene sparse and gene dense transcriptomes from DRS datasets. We further apply this approach to generate a new high resolution transcriptome annotation of the neglected pathogen human adenovirus type F 41 for which we identify 77 distinct transcripts encoding at least 23 different proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmine Alwie
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erik Fuhrmann
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Leins
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Mai
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Verstraten
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angus C. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P. Depledge
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Martin NA, Gonzalez G, Reynolds LJ, Bennett C, Campbell C, Nolan TM, Byrne A, Fennema S, Holohan N, Kuntamukkula SR, Sarwar N, Sala-Comorera L, Dean J, Urtasun-Elizari JM, Hare D, Liddy E, Joyce E, O'Sullivan JJ, Cuddihy JM, McIntyre AM, Robinson EP, Dahly D, Fletcher NF, Cotter S, Fitzpatrick E, Carr MJ, De Gascun CF, Meijer WG. Adeno-Associated Virus 2 and Human Adenovirus F41 in Wastewater during Outbreak of Severe Acute Hepatitis in Children, Ireland. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:751-760. [PMID: 36957994 PMCID: PMC10045691 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During April-July 2022, outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (SAHUE) were reported in 35 countries. Five percent of cases required liver transplantation, and 22 patients died. Viral metagenomic studies of clinical samples from SAHUE cases showed a correlation with human adenovirus F type 41 (HAdV-F41) and adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2). To explore the association between those DNA viruses and SAHUE in children in Ireland, we quantified HAdV-F41 and AAV2 in samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant serving 40% of Ireland's population. We noted a high correlation between HAdV-F41 and AAV2 circulation in the community and SAHUE clinical cases. Next-generation sequencing of the adenovirus hexon in wastewater demonstrated HAdV-F41 was the predominant HAdV type circulating. Our environmental analysis showed increased HAdV-F41 and AAV2 prevalence in the community during the SAHUE outbreak. Our findings highlight how wastewater sampling could aid in surveillance for respiratory adenovirus species.
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