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Gao Q, Ma L, Liu W, Khan NM, S. Alarifi S, Sazid M, Inqiad WB. Method for rock fracture prediction and early warning: Insight from fusion of multi-physics field information. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30660. [PMID: 38774334 PMCID: PMC11107204 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the precursors leading to rock fracture is crucial for ensuring safety in mining and geotechnical engineering projects. To effectively discern these precursors, a collaborative monitoring approach that integrates multiple sources of information is imperative. This paper considered a rock multi-parameter monitoring loading system, incorporating infrared radiation and acoustic emission monitoring technologies to simultaneously track the rock fracture process. The study delves into the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of infrared radiation and acoustic emission in rock under loading. Utilizing stress, cumulative acoustic emission count, and average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT), the paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model termed "acoustic-thermal-stress" fusion information, employing principal component analysis (PCA). The research reveals that the sensitivity to rock sample damage response follows the sequence of cumulative acoustic emission count, AIRT, and stress. Furthermore, a novel method for identifying rock fracture precursors is proposed, based on the first derivative of the comprehensive evaluation model. This method addresses the limitations of single physical field information, enhancing the robustness of monitoring data. It determines the average stress level of fracture precursors to be 0.77σmax. Subsequently, the study defines the probability function of rock damage during loading and fracture, enabling the realization of probability-based warnings for rock fracture. This approach introduces a new perspective on rock fracture prediction, significantly contributing to safety monitoring and warning systems in mine safety and geotechnical engineering. The findings of this research hold paramount engineering significance, offering valuable insights for enhancing safety measures in such projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Gao
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Liqiang Ma
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining (Xinjiang Institute of Engineering), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830023, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal-bearing Resources Exploration and Exploitation, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
- Xinjiang Engineering Research Center of Green Intelligent Coal Mining, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Naseer Muhammad Khan
- Sustainable Advanced Geomechanical Engineering, Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur, 23200, Pakistan
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Saad S. Alarifi
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Sazid
- Mining Engineering Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Bin Inqiad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur, 23200, Pakistan
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de Brito JKS, Campos VM, Oliveira AHB, Lopes GS. Development of a green and low-cost method to determine mercury content in sediments affected by oil spill on the Brazilian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116346. [PMID: 38604078 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tons of crude oil were found on the Brazilian coast in 2019, and studies assessing its chemical composition are still scarce. This study aimed to develop a new and simple technique of cold vapor generation using infrared irradiation coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry to determine mercury content in sediments contaminated by crude oil. Experimental conditions were evaluated, including formic acid concentration, reactor temperature, and carrier gas flow rate. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparison with mercury contents in a certified reference material (PACS-2). The detection limit was found to be 0.44 μg kg-1. The developed method was applied to determine the total mercury content in marine sediment samples collected from beaches in Ceará State. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 0.95 mg kg-1. The proposed method is efficient, simple, low-cost, and adequate for its purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kelly Sousa de Brito
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor Marques Campos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Barbosa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Ambientais (LEA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gisele Simone Lopes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Varasteh F, Ebrahimi SH, Naserian AA, Zerehdaran S, Heidarian Miri V. Effect of micronization and meal size of corn grain on glycemic response and in vitro hindgut acidosis potential in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104982. [PMID: 38070585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to 1) evaluate the interaction of corn grain micronization and starch levels per meal on equine plasma glucose, and 2) determine if micronization affects the risk of hindgut acidosis. Six mature (aged 6 to 10 years), healthy, non-pregnant mares (initial body weight [BW]: 301 to 463 kg) were used in a 2×3 factorial cross-over design. The treatments included two forms of corn grain (ground and micronized flaked) at three levels of starch (1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg BW per meal). The blood was sampled before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after morning feeding and the glucose concentration in the plasma was determined. Small intestine and hindgut dry matter (DM) disappearances of ground and micronized corn were also compared using in vitro techniques. Micronized flaked corn grain showed three times more in vitro enzymatic DM disappearance (p < 0.001) compared with ground corn. Residues of in vitro enzymatic digestion of micronized flaked corn fermented 38.59 % faster than ground corn during in vitro hindgut incubation. The horses that consumed micronized flaked corn had higher post-prandial plasma glucose concentrations (p < 0.001). Increasing starch levels per meal from 1-2 g/kg BW resulted in higher plasma glucose concentrations (P = 0.005). However, no interaction of processing and starch meal size was found. Overall, processing the corn grain by micronization or increasing starch level per meal increased the plasma glucose concentrations, but the magnitude of the increases did not match that expected from in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Varasteh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Zerehdaran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Heidarian Miri
- Faravardaneh Ferdowsi Mashhad, Science and Technology Park, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Ahokas EK, Ihalainen JK, Hanstock HG, Savolainen E, Kyröläinen H. A post-exercise infrared sauna session improves recovery of neuromuscular performance and muscle soreness after resistance exercise training. Biol Sport 2023; 40:681-689. [PMID: 37398966 PMCID: PMC10286597 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.119289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a single infrared sauna (IRS) session on post-exercise recovery of neuromuscular performance, autonomic nervous system function, subjective sleep quality, and muscle soreness. Male basketball players (n = 16) performed two trials consisting of a complex resistance exercise protocol (maximal strength with plyometrics), followed by either 20 min passive recovery (PAS) or IRS (temperature 43 ± 5°C), in a randomized crossover design, with trials separated by one week. Recovery of neuromuscular performance was assessed using 20 m maximal sprint, maximal countermovement-jump (CMJ), and isometric leg press tests, performed 14 hours after exercise. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), sleep diary, muscle soreness, and indirect muscle damage markers were measured pre and post exercise. The decrease in CMJ performance from pre- to post-exercise was attenuated after IRS compared to PAS (p < 0.01). The IRS session resulted in higher HR and lower root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), and high and low frequency power, compared to PAS (p < 0.002). Post-exercise night-time HR and HRV did not differ following IRS vs. PAS. Muscle soreness was less severe, and perceived recovery was higher after IRS compared to PAS (p < 0.01). Post-exercise IRS attenuated the drop in explosive performance and decreased subjective muscle soreness after resistance training, which may enhance mood, readiness, and physical performance of an athlete. A single IRS session had no detrimental effects on recovery of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi K. Ahokas
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna K. Ihalainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Helen G. Hanstock
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Eero Savolainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Clark RW, Bakken GS, Reed EJ, Soni A. Pit viper thermography: the pit organ used by crotaline snakes to detect thermal contrast has poor spatial resolution. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:285597. [PMID: 36453156 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pit vipers detect infrared radiation by means of temperature contrasts created on their pit organ membranes. Signals from pit organs integrate with visual signals in the optic tectum, leading to the conjecture that the facial pits operate as an extension of the visual system. Because similar mechanisms underlie thermal imaging technology, imagery from thermal cameras is often used to infer how pit vipers perceive their environment. However, pit organs lack a focusing mechanism, and biophysical models predict that pit organs should have poor spatial resolution compared with thermal imaging cameras. Nevertheless, behavioral studies occasionally suggest pits may have better resolution than predicted by biophysical models, indicating that processing in the central nervous system may improve imaging. To estimate the spatial resolution of the neural image informing behavior, we recorded snake responses evoked by targets moving across backgrounds composed of two contrasting temperatures with an average temperature equal to the target temperature. An unresolved background would appear uniform; thus, the target would be detectable only if the background pattern were resolved. Western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) displayed no statistically significant responses to targets presented in front of patterned backgrounds, regardless of the temperature contrasts or spatial frequencies within the background, but responded strongly to targets presented in front of homogeneous backgrounds. We found no evidence that the pit organ system can resolve spatial details subtending an angle of 9 deg or less. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding pit organ function in ecologically relevant habitats with thermal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulon W Clark
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - George S Bakken
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.,4431 East Park Avenue, Terre Haute, IN 47805, USA
| | - Evan J Reed
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ashana Soni
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Vasiljević D, Pavlović D, Lazović V, Kolarić B, Salatić B, Zhang W, Zhang D, Pantelić D. Thermal radiation management by natural photonic structures: Morimus asper funereus case. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102932. [PMID: 34016354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Convective, conductive and radiative mechanisms of thermal management are extremely important for life. Photonic structures, used to detect infrared radiation (IR) and enhance radiative energy exchange, were observed in a number of organisms. Here we report on sophisticated radiative mechanisms used by Morimus asper funereus, a longicorn beetle whose elytra possess a suitably aligned array of lenslets and blackbodies. Additionally, a dense array of microtrichia hyperuniformly covers blackbodies and operates as a stochastic, full-bandgap, IR-photonic structure. All these features, whose characteristic dimensions cover a range from several hundred down to a few micrometres, operate synergistically to improve the absorption, emission and, possibly, detection of IR radiation. We present a morphological characterization of the elytron, thermal imaging measurements and a theoretical IR model of insect elytron, uncovering a synergistic operation of all structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vasiljević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Lazović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Branko Kolarić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia; Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Branislav Salatić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
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Lu Y, Yang J, Dong C, Fu Y, Liu H. Gut microbiome-mediated changes in bone metabolism upon infrared light exposure in rats. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 217:112156. [PMID: 33647735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adequate sunlight exposure helps reduce bone loss and is important to bone health. Currently, about 90% of the world population spends a major portion of daily life under artificial lighting. Unlike sunlight, LED white light, the main source of artificial lighting, has no infrared radiation, which is known to be beneficial to human health. In artificial lighting environments, infrared supplementation may be used to simulate the effects of sunlight on bone metabolism. Here, we supplemented white LED exposure with infrared light in normal and ovariectomized rats for three consecutive months and examined bone turnover, bone mass, and bone density. We also analyzed the structure and function of gut microbiota in the rats. Infrared supplementation significantly reduced the abundance of Saccharibacteria and increased the abundance of Clostridiaceae 1 and Erysipelotrichaceae bacteria. Our results indicate that changes in the gut microbiome correlate well with bone mass and bone metabolism. Our work demonstrates that infrared supplementation can have a positive effect on rat bone metabolism by affecting gut microbiota. Our findings will be important considerations in the future design of healthy lighting environments that prevent or possibly ameliorate osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianlou Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Laboratory of Sport Nutrition and Intelligent Cooking, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102,China.
| | - Yuming Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ren W, Xu L, Zheng X, Pu F, Li D, Fan Y. Effect of different thermal stimuli on improving microcirculation in the contralateral foot. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:14. [PMID: 33531012 PMCID: PMC7856788 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lower extremities of the body often suffer from impaired microcirculation, particularly in the elderly or people with underlying conditions such as diabetes. Especially for people suffering from peripheral vascular diseases, skin lesions or wearing an external fixator in one side of limbs, direct contact treatments are not suitable for them to improve microcirculation. Heating the contralateral limb has been reported to improve blood flow in the impaired limb. However, its effect on plantar microvascular responses has not been previously investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how heating by warm bath and infrared radiation affects the circulations in the contralateral foot. Twelve healthy adults participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either placing the left foot in a warm bath or exposing it to infrared radiation for 10 min intervention every other day. The skin temperature (Temp) and skin blood flow (SBF) in the second metatarsal head of the contralateral foot were measured before and after the intervention. Results The results showed that both Temp (Bath: from 29.05 ± 3.56 °C to 31.03 ± 4.14 °C; Infrared: from 29.98 ± 3.86 °C to 31.07 ± 3.92 °C) and SBF (Bath: from 62.26 ± 48.12 PU to 97.76 ± 63.90 PU; Infrared: from 63.37 ± 39.88 PU to 85.27 ± 47.62 PU) in the contralateral foot were significantly increased after heating in both tests (p < 0.05). However, the contralateral SBF increased for 5 min after heating in warm bath test, but only for 1 min in infrared radiation test. Conclusions The results of this study show that both heating methods are the effective at increasing contralateral Temp and SBF, but the warm bath has a stronger residual thermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No.37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids of Ministry of Civil Affair, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No.37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Karvatte N, Miyagi ES, de Oliveira CC, Barreto CD, Mastelaro AP, Bungenstab DJ, Alves FV. Infrared thermography for microclimate assessment in agroforestry systems. Sci Total Environ 2020; 731:139252. [PMID: 32413649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In agroforestry systems, trees modify climatic parameters over a given area and create a complex microclimate through interactions between topography, plant composition and organizational structure of trees. In this way, indicators such as surface temperature of tree canopy and pasture, monitored by infrared thermography, are important to monitor the thermal environment of animal production and pasture establishment. Goals of this study were (1) to evaluate temporal and local variations of temperature and humidity leaf surface of tree canopy and pasture in agroforestry systems by infrared remote sensing and, (2) to validate infrared thermography as a potential tool for assessment microclimate in agroforestry systems. The study was carried out between June 2015 and February 2016 in an experimental area located at 54°370'W, 20°270'S and 530 m altitude, in Brazil. Surface temperatures and humidity of tree canopy and pasture in two agroforestry systems with different densities and tree spatial arrangements were determined using infrared thermography. Air, black globe and dew point temperatures, relative humidity and wind speed were measured using digital thermo-hygrometers with datalogger. Moderate to strong associations have been identified between microclimate parameters and those monitored by means of thermography measurements (0.45 ≥ r ≤ 0.78), suggesting positive relationships and equally well explained by air temperature, black globe temperature and relative air humidity (R2 = 0.68 ≥ R2 ≤ 0.98). Variations in hourly averages of temperatures and humidity of pasture and tree canopy show similar patterns between seasons, with consistently higheraverages during summer and under full sun, indicating the existence of a thermal band with leaf temperatures above air temperature. Therefore, this work's findings support use of infrared thermography as a tool for microclimate assessment in agroforestry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivaldo Karvatte
- Department of Agricultural Science, Instituto Federal Goiano, South Goiana Highway Km 01 Countryside, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Sayuri Miyagi
- Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança S/N, Chácaras de Recreio Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Caroline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Science, Instituto Federal Goiano, South Goiana Highway Km 01 Countryside, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Camilla Diniz Barreto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Pegoraro Mastelaro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, dos Funcionários street 1540, Cabral, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Davi José Bungenstab
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, 79106-550, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Villa Alves
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, 79106-550, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Kang L, Li H, Huang X, Liu X, Guo L, Huang L. Characterization of moxa floss combustion by TG/DSC, TG-FTIR and IR. Bioresour Technol 2019; 288:121516. [PMID: 31176939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combustion of moxa floss was investigated by thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC), thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and an infrared radiation spectrum-detecting system. The average mass loss rate at the major stage of combustion was 1.08%/min with a peak at 7.86%/min. Moxa floss burning released the integral heat of 9188 mJ/mg from the temperature of 200 °C to 500 °C. The peak heat flow during char combustion stage was higher than those of other stages. The results indicated the combustion of moxa floss was a mild and slow process, releasing heat continuously and steadily. The infrared radiation spectra of burning moxa stick were in a range of 2.5-13.0 µm and showed double peaks at 3.75 µm and 8.75 µm. Thus, this study provided insight into why moxa floss biomass is the optimal material for thermal therapy and is beneficial for the development of electric thermal stimulation alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhong Jing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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11
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Machnicka A, Grübel K, Wacławek S, Sikora K. Waste-activated sludge disruption by dry ice: bench scale study and evaluation of heat phase transformations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:26488-26499. [PMID: 31290045 PMCID: PMC6733821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The freezing process consists of dissipating heat from the product until the final temperature is lower than the temperature of crystallisation of that product. Freezing can be used for numerous applications, including for disruption of waste-activated sludge (WAS). The aim of this study was to calculate the estimated amount of heat conveyed between the solidified carbon dioxide and the WAS, in the following ratios: 0.25:1; 0.5:1; 0.75:1 and 1:1. In heat of phase transformations, dry ice sublimation, water solidification, the amount of heat transferred by other substances and heat transferred from the sludge (dry sludge) were taken into account during the process of WAS freezing. Heat changes on the surface of WAS were registered using a thermovision camera. The effectiveness of WAS disintegration was confirmed by several biochemical parameters such as soluble chemical oxygen demand (increase over 14 times), degree of disintegration (48%), proteins (increase over 5 times), carbohydrates (increase almost 7 times), RNA (increase by 2.23 mg L-1), ammonia nitrogen (increase over 23 times), phosphates (increase almost 27 times) and turbidity (increased over 7 times). It was found that dry ice pretreatment of WAS can be an intriguing alternative for the conventional methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Machnicka
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 STR, 43-300, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Klaudiusz Grübel
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 STR, 43-300, Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Sikora
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 STR, 43-300, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
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12
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Campos VM, Silva FLF, Oliveira JPS, Ribeiro LPD, Matos WO, Lopes GS. Investigation of a rapid infrared heating assisted mineralization of soybean matrices for trace element analysis. Food Chem 2019; 280:96-102. [PMID: 30642512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A fast sample preparation procedure based on use of infrared (IR) assisted heating for mineralization of soybean derived samples has been developed for their subsequent multielement analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). A cold finger was examined for refluxing of acid vapors to determine its impact on efficiency and economy of digestion. The optimized procedure, based on 1 g subsamples, 8 mL of HNO3 (65% w/w) and exposure of the mixture to a 500 W IR source for 5 min without refluxing, permitted accurate determination of all analytes in NIST SRM 1568b (rice flour). Detection limits using ICP-OES were (µg/kg) 97, 1.0, 39, 185, 0.47 and 1200 for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn and P, respectively, and 18 for Zn by FAAS. The IR-assisted digestion approach provided a low cost, easy to use system having great potential for implementation in routine analysis of trace elements in soybean and similar matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Campos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco L F Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João P S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia P D Ribeiro
- Intituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Wladiana O Matos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gisele S Lopes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Lubkowska A, Radecka A, Bryczkowska I, Rotter I, Laszczyńska M, Karakiewicz B. Changes in the bioelectric activity of the trapezius muscle following the thermal effect of red light and infrared radiation. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2018. [PMID: 29526838 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-169745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effects of visible light and infrared is especially often used in physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to radiation on the motor units activity. METHODS The study included 29 volunteers of whom the spontaneous and voluntary bioelectric activity of the trapezius muscle was evaluated using surface electromyography (value of average amplitude and frequency), before and immediately after a 15-minute irradiation. Additionally, the range of motion of the cervical spine and trigger points pain sensitivity to the pressure were assessed. RESULTS No statistically significant changes in the pain sensitivity threshold and the range of motion after the irradiation was applied. On the other hand, a 15-minute exposure to radiation induced an increase in the value of average amplitude of rest-related as well as exercise-related potentials and an increase in the average value of frequency of the right side biopotentials at rest and of both sides for active elevation. CONCLUSIONS Infrared radiation and visible red light have a stimulating effect on the muscle ability to develop active contraction. It is proposed that the observed changes are associated with the thermal effect of radiation as well as with the so-called extra-visual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Radecka
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Bryczkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Independent Laboratory of Medical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract
Light at infrared wavelengths has been demonstrated to modulate the pattern of neural signals transmitted from the angular motion sensing semicircular canals of the vestibular system to the brain. In the present study, we have characterized physiological eye movements evoked by focused, pulsed infrared radiation (IR) stimuli directed at an individual semicircular canal in a mammalian model. Pulsed IR (1863 nm) trains were directed at the posterior semicircular canal in a rat using 200-400 µm optical fibers. Evoked bilateral eye movements were measured using a custom-modified video-oculography system. The activation of vestibulo-ocular motor pathways by frequency modulated pulsed IR directed at single posterior semicircular canals evoked significant, characteristic bilateral eye movements. In this case, the resulting eye movements were disconjugate with ipsilateral eye moving upwards with a rotation towards the stimulated ear and the contralateral eye moving downwards. The eye movements were stable through several hours of repeated stimulation and could be maintained with 30 + minutes of continuous, frequency-modulated IR stimulation. Following the measurements, the distance of the fiber from target structures and orientation of the beam relative to vestibular structures were determined using micro-computed tomography. Results highlight the spatial selectivity of optical stimulation. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy for direct optical stimulation of the vestibular pathway in rodents and lays the groundwork for future applications of optical neural stimulation in inner ear research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, MEA 204, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Suhrud M Rajguru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, MEA 204, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB 3160, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Abstract
Historically, brown adipose tissue has been elusive and not easy to detect, hence its relative obscurity in human physiology until its rediscovery in 2009. At that point, it was proven that the symmetrical artefacts frequently detected on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which resolved if the environment was kept warm, were brown adipose tissue deposits. PET-CT has remained the stalwart of human brown adipose tissue research and is still considered the gold standard. However, PET-CT exposes the participant to ionising radiation, limiting studies to large, but retrospective, review of clinical imaging or a small-scale, but prospective, design. Within this context, alternative imaging modalities have been sought. Due to the heat-generating properties of brown adipose tissue, infrared thermography is a natural candidate for measuring its activity and the supraclavicular depot is relatively superficial, allowing detection of the heat signature. Infrared thermography is a non-invasive, non-contact technique for measuring temperature remotely. Recent developments in image analysis techniques have facilitated the use of infrared thermography to study brown adipose tissue activation in populations, and in ways, not previously feasible.
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Gili RD, Palavecino PM, Cecilia Penci M, Martinez ML, Ribotta PD. Wheat germ stabilization by infrared radiation. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:71-81. [PMID: 28242905 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ has an important enzymatic activity, being lipases the enzymes which cause the highest impact in the reduction of shelf life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of infrared radiation on wheat germ stabilization in an attempt to extend the shelf life. The effects of treatment time, gap (sample distance to IR emitters) and infrared radiation intensity on wheat germ were analyzed through response surface methodology. Final moisture content, final temperature, color of germ and germ oil quality parameters: free fatty acid content changes and total tocopherol content were the responses evaluated using a Box-Behnken design. A combination of an infrared radiation intensity of 4800 W/m2, a 3 min treatment and 0.2 m emitter-sample distance were the best processing condition to stabilize the wheat germ without significantly reduction of the tocopherol content. A confirmatory experiment was conducted with these optimal conditions, and the heat-treated and raw germ samples were stored for 90 days at room temperature in three layer packages to protect them against light and oxygen. The oil quality parameters indicated that the raw germ had a shelf-life of about 15 days, with the heat-treated wheat germ maintaining its quality for at least 90 days under these stored conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato D Gili
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Palavecino
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Penci
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela L Martinez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ribotta
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Juan Filloy S/N, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), FCEFyN-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611 Córdoba, Argentina
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Rancan F, Giulbudagian M, Jurisch J, Blume-Peytavi U, Calderón M, Vogt A. Drug delivery across intact and disrupted skin barrier: Identification of cell populations interacting with penetrated thermoresponsive nanogels. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 116:4-11. [PMID: 27865989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscaled soft particles, such as nanogels, can be designed to incorporate different types of compounds and release them in a controlled and triggered manner. Thermoresponsive nanogels (tNG), releasing their cargo above a defined temperature, are promising carrier systems for inflammatory skin diseases, where the temperature of diseased skin differs from that of healthy skin areas. In this study a polyglycerol-based tNG with diameter of 156nm was investigated for penetration and release properties upon topical application on ex vivo human skin with intact or disrupted barrier. Furthermore, temperature-triggered effects and the internalization of tNG by skin cells upon translocation to the viable skin layers were analyzed. The investigated tNG were tagged with indodicarbocyanine and loaded with fluorescein, so that fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry could be used to evaluate simultaneously particle penetration and release of the fluorochrome. Topically applied tNG penetrated into the SC of both intact and disrupted skin explants. Only in barrier-disrupted skin significant amounts of released fluorochrome and tNG penetrated in the epidermis and dermis 2h after topical application. When a thermal trigger was applied by infrared radiation (30s, 3.9mJ/cm2), a significantly higher penetration of tNG in the SC and release of the dye in the epidermis were detected with respect to non-triggered samples. Penetrated tNG particles were internalized by skin cells in both epidermis and dermis. Only few CD1a-positive Langerhans cells associated with tNG were found in the epidermis. However, in the dermis a significant percentage of cells associated with tNG were identified to be antigen presenting cells, i.e. HLA-DR+and CD206+cells. Thus, tNG represent promising carrier systems for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, not only because of their improved penetration and controlled release properties, but also because of their ability to effectively reach dermal dendritic cells in barrier-disrupted skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rancan
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Giulbudagian
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Jurisch
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, particularly as a component of natural sunlight, is a major cause of environmentally induced aging of the skin. In addition, other environmental factors for premature skin aging include longer wavelength radiation in the visible light region and in particular in the shortwave infrared radiation region. Furthermore, particulate and gaseous components of air pollution significantly contribute to the aging process.
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Abstract
The term "exposome" describes the totality of exposures to which an individual is subjected from conception to death. It includes both external and internal factors as well as the human body's response to these factors. Current exposome research aims to understand the effects all factors have on specific organs, yet today, the exposome of human skin has not received major attention and a corresponding definition is lacking. This review was compiled with the collaboration of European scientists, specialized in either environmental medicine or skin biology. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was performed using PubMed. The search was restricted to exposome factors and skin aging. Key review papers and all relevant, epidemiological, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies were analyzed to determine the key elements of the exposome influencing skin aging. Here we propose a definition of the skin aging exposome. It is based on a summary of the existing scientific evidence for the role of exposome factors in skin aging. We also identify future research needs which concern knowledge about the interaction of distinct exposomal factors with each other and the resulting net effects on skin aging and suggest some protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Nice, France; INSERM U1065, team 12, C3M, Nice, France
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Jaross W. Are Molecular Vibration Patterns of Cell Structural Elements Used for Intracellular Signalling? Open Biochem J 2016; 10:12-6. [PMID: 27073582 PMCID: PMC4807408 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01610010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date the manner in which information reaches the nucleus on that part within the three-dimensional structure where specific restorative processes of structural components of the cell are required is unknown. The soluble signalling molecules generated in the course of destructive and restorative processes communicate only as needed. HYPOTHESIS All molecules show temperature-dependent molecular vibration creating a radiation in the infrared region. Each molecule species has in its turn a specific frequency pattern under given specific conditions. Changes in their structural composition result in modified frequency patterns of the molecules in question. The main structural elements of the cell membrane, of the endoplasmic reticulum, of the Golgi apparatus, and of the different microsomes representing the great variety of polar lipids show characteristic frequency patterns with peaks in the region characterised by low water absorption. These structural elements are very dynamic, mainly caused by the creation of signal molecules and transport containers. By means of the characteristic radiation, the area where repair or substitution services are needed could be identified; this spatial information complements the signalling of the soluble signal molecules. Based on their resonance properties receptors located on the outer leaflet of the nuclear envelope should be able to read typical frequencies and pass them into the nucleus. Clearly this physical signalling must be blocked by the cell membrane to obviate the flow of information into adjacent cells. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis can be proved experimentally, it should be possible to identify and verify characteristic infrared frequency patterns. The application of these signal frequencies onto cells would open entirely new possibilities in medicine and all biological disciplines specifically to influence cell growth and metabolism. Similar to this intracellular system, an extracellular signalling system with many new therapeutic options has to be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Jaross
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Strauch-Sürken L, Wendt M. [Comparison of novel infrared heating plates and conventional warm water plates for piglets' creep areas in farrowing pens]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2015; 43:207-15. [PMID: 26166364 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On a conventionally managed piglet-producing farm, novel infrared (IR) heating plates for piglets in the farrowing pens were tested for their suitability and compared with common warm-water (WW) heating plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 134 litters (summer n = 82, winter n = 52) were investigated, which were housed on IR or WW heating plates, respectively, with or without an extra cover plate (groups 1-4). To determine the influence of the different heat sources, the wound healing after castration and tail docking, the umbilical regression and the weight gain of the piglets were investigated. Additionally, the lying behavior of the piglets and the position of the sows' udder at the time of farrowing were examined with regard to the heating plates. Furthermore, the energy consumption and costs were compared. RESULTS The piglets housed on IR heating plates displayed better wound healing after castration and tail docking than the piglets housed on WW plates. The best results were obtained in piglets kept on IR heating plates with an extra cover plate. In addition, significant benefits were demonstrated for the usage of IR heating plates regarding umbilical regression. The piglets kept on IR heating plates had a slightly better weight gain in summer, whereas there were no differences between groups during winter. The lying behavior in the creep areas was similar in all groups. In general, with increasing age the percentage of time piglets spent in the lying position on the plates decreased. The percentage of time lying on the plates was higher in winter than in summer. At farrowing, 74.6% of all investigated sows directed their udder towards the heating plates. With the IR heating plates, this behavior occurred significantly more often. The energy consumption (kWh) per litter was significantly lower for the IR heating plates (electric power) both in winter and summer in comparison with the WW plates (gas). The energy costs were comparable in summer, but were higher for the IR heating plates in winter. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IR radiation of heating plates has a positive influence on wound healing after castration and tail docking as well as on umbilical regression. In addition, the lying behavior of sows at farrowing is influenced by the IR radiation. Despite the lower energy consumption of the IR heating plates, the most profitable system has to be determined individually for each farm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Wendt
- Prof. Dr. Michael Wendt, Klinik für kleine Klauentiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, E-Mail:
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El-Mesery HS, Mwithiga G. Performance of a convective, infrared and combined infrared- convective heated conveyor-belt dryer. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:2721-30. [PMID: 25892769 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A conveyor-belt dryer was developed using a combined infrared and hot air heating system that can be used in the drying of fruits and vegetables. The drying system having two chambers was fitted with infrared radiation heaters and through-flow hot air was provided from a convective heating system. The system was designed to operate under either infrared radiation and cold air (IR-CA) settings of 2000 W/m(2) with forced ambient air at 30 °C and air flow of 0.6 m/s or combined infrared and hot air convection (IR-HA) dryer setting with infrared intensity set at 2000 W/m(2) and hot at 60 °C being blown through the dryer at a velocity of 0.6 m/s or hot air convection (HA) at an air temperature of 60 °C and air flow velocity 0.6 m/s but without infrared heating. Apple slices dried under the different dryer settings were evaluated for quality and energy requirements. It was found that drying of apple (Golden Delicious) slices took place in the falling rate drying period and no constant rate period of drying was observed under any of the test conditions. The IR-HA setting was 57.5 and 39.1 % faster than IR-CA and HA setting, respectively. Specific energy consumption was lower and thermal efficiency was higher for the IR-HA setting when compared to both IR-CA and HA settings. The rehydration ratio, shrinkage and colour properties of apples dried under IR-HA conditions were better than for either IR-CA or HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S El-Mesery
- School of Engineering, BEFG, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Gikuru Mwithiga
- School of Engineering, BEFG, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Patel A, Rajesh S, Chandrashekhar VM, Rathnam S, Shah K, Mallikarjuna Rao C, Nandakumar K. A rat model against chemotherapy plus radiation-induced oral mucositis. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 21:399-403. [PMID: 24227960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Present study was aimed at developing an experimental model of oral mucositis in rats using a combination of chemotherapeutic agent and radiation. STUDY DESIGN Female Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 3 groups (n = 6). Rats in group 1 (normal control) and group 2 (mucositis control) were treated with vehicle. Rats in group 3 were treated with l-glutamine (1 g/kg, p.o.; 15 days) before and after mucositis induction. Oral mucositis was induced by busulfan (6 mg/kg, p.o.; 4 days) and the tongue exposed to infrared (IR) radiation of intensity 40 mV/cm(2) for 5 s on the 1st, 4th and 10th days of challenge using a tail flick apparatus. Parameters monitored were body weight, food intake, blood count and survival. Oral mucositis score (OMS) was recorded daily. Histological changes of the irradiated tongue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Busulfan and IR radiation significantly reduced body weight and food intake of the mucositis control group as compared to normal control. Clear ulceration of the tongue reflected in the OMS. Histopathology of the tongue revealed intense lymphocytic infiltration, decreased thickness of squamous epithelial cell layer, decrease in number of blood vessels, and necrosis of cells along with pseudo-membrane formation in the mucositis control group. These findings suggested that oral mucositis was successfully induced and treatment with l-glutamine partially reversed these conditions. CONCLUSION Oral mucositis was established successfully in rats by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and IR radiation. This may be a useful model for screening drugs in the treatment of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Tulah AS, Birch-Machin MA. Stressed out mitochondria: the role of mitochondria in ageing and cancer focussing on strategies and opportunities in human skin. Mitochondrion 2012. [PMID: 23195682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA damage has been used as a successful and unique biomarker of tissue stress. A valuable example of this is sun damage in human skin which leads to ageing and skin cancer. The skin is constantly exposed to the harmful effects of sunlight, such as ultraviolet radiation, which causes it to age with observable characteristic features as well as clinical precancerous lesions and skin cancer. Formation of free radicals by the sun's harmful rays which contribute to oxidative stress has been linked to the induction of deletions and mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. These markers of mitochondrial DNA damage have been proposed to contribute to the mechanisms of ageing in many tissues including skin and are associated with many diseases including cancer. In this article we highlight the role of this important organelle in ageing and cancer with particular emphasis on experimental strategies in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif S Tulah
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Chang XR, Yan J, Yi SX, Yue ZH, Lin YP. Relation of the infrared radiation on Zusanli, Liangmen and Weishu area with chronic gastric pain and its application. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:516-520. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i5.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study correlation of infrared radiation on such acupoints as Zusanli (ST36), Liangmen (ST21), Weishu (BL21) with chronic gastralgia.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic gastralgia received infrared radiation on such acupoints as Zusanli (ST36), Liangmen (ST21), Weishu (BL21). Forty patients with lung diseases characterized by cough and 40 healthy people were taken as controls.
RESULTS: The numerical values of infrared radiation on bilateral acupoints of healthy people were balanced. The numerical values of infrared radiation on bilateral acupoints and back shu acupoints of the patients with chronic gastralgia were asymmetric (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Infrared radiation on three acupoints were closely related to chronic gastralgia, which on bilateral acupoints were asymmetric (P < 0.05 or 0.01); the numerical values of infrared radiation on the two acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Liangmen (ST21) were bilaterally lower than healthy people (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Infrared radiation detection on acupoints can be used as a method of acupuncture efficacy research. Acupuncture treatment can increase the reduced infrared radiation, which can restore channel Qi to normal.
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