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Sabino-Silva R, Cardoso IV, Vitali FC, Alves AMH, Souza BDM, Bortoluzzi EA, da Fonseca Roberti Garcia L, da Silveira Teixeira C. Prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using low and high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4157-4171. [PMID: 37466716 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using low (LC) and high (HC) concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six databases and the grey literature were searched to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluated postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using NaOCl. NaOCl concentrations were dichotomized into 'LC' (0.5% to 3%) and 'HC' (≥ 5%) and a proportion meta-analysis was applied to determine the postoperative pain prevalence: overall and according to pain intensity and postoperative time. The prevalence of patients using pain control medication was also determined. A significance level of 5% and a random effect model were applied for data analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the review and eight in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of postoperative pain was 45% in LC and 39% in HC. The prevalence of pain in LC and HC after 24 h was 25% and 40%, respectively. After 48 h, the prevalence decreased to 10% in LC and 25% in HC. 'Absent pain' was the most prevalent score. The prevalence of patients who used medication was 9% in LC and 15% in HC. Three studies were classified as 'high RoB', five as 'low RoB', and two as 'some concerns'. The certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using LC and HC of NaOCl was 45% and 39%, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postoperative pain is common after endodontic treatment using NaOCl, but tends to decrease over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Sabino-Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ihan Vitor Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe Colombo Vitali
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Hecke Alves
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi
- Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti S/N, Trindade, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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Bhasin P, Sharma M, Bindal D, Tomar D, Sarin A, Sharma N. An In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Three Different Root Canal Irrigating Solutions against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:221-225. [PMID: 31058639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare antimicrobial effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) irrigating solutions against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted on 40 freshly extracted noncarious permanent mandibular incisors teeth of both genders (males-12, females-14). In all teeth, root canal preparation was done up to size 40 K-file. Roots were sterilized and microbial suspension of mixed culture of the tested microorganisms was inoculated into canals and incubated for 48 h. Teeth were divided into four groups, group I (5.25% sodium hypochlorite), group II (2% chlorhexidine), group III (200 mg/mL N-Acetylcysteine NAC) and group IV (sterile distilled water). The antimicrobial effect in each group was compared. RESULTS Statistical evaluation was completed using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Planktonic S. mutans bacterial count was lowest in group III followed by group I, group II and group IV.E. faecalis count was 6.14 ± 0.12 in group I, 5.76 ± 0.44 in group II, 3.88 ± 0.08 in group III and 11.98 ± 1.04 in group IV. The difference was significant (p < 0.05). The proportion of dead cell found to be 0.04± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.06, 0.01 ± 0.06 and 1.02 ± 0.11 in groups I, II, III and IV respectively. The difference was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION NAC proved to be effective against E. faecalis and S. mutans. This solution can be considered alternative in root canal infections in addition with CHX and NaOCl. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Effectiveness of three different irrigating solutions was compared and NAC found to be more efficient in decreasing bacterial count. Hence, NAC can be precisely used in irrigating root canals to achieve optimal clinical outcomes particularly regarding reoccurrences of infections. Furthermore, NAC could be proved as a promising innovation in future endodontic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bhasin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Bindal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Tomar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Sarin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +919953523848, e-mail:
| | - Naren Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yazdi H, Yousof Gomrokchi A, Nazarian A, Lechtig A, Hanna P, Ghorbanhoseini M. The Effect of Gentamycin in the Irrigating Solution to Prevent Joint Infection after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction. Arch Bone Jt Surg 2019; 7:67-74. [PMID: 30805418 PMCID: PMC6372265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL is an effective method to restore knee stability after ACL rupture. Postoperative septic arthritis (SA) is very uncommon while the incidence of serious complications range between 0.14% and 1.8%. Some of the devastating consequences of septic arthritis can encompass hyaline cartilage damage, arthrofibrosis, and in rare cases amputation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gentamicin irrigation solutions as a process to restrain septic arthritis following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 1464 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft in our institution over 7 years (February 2008 to January 2015) were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of intra-articular irrigation solution used during the surgery. Patients in Group 1 (Saline) received intra-articular irrigation with normal saline (0.9 % sodium chloride) solution, while those in Group 2 (Gentamycin) received intra-articular irrigation with gentamicin (80 mg/L) added to the normal saline solution. Data about postoperative infection, its course, management, and outcome were obtained from patients' records. RESULTS Seven patients developed SA, four of whom were from SALINE group (2.2%) and three from Gentamycin group (0.23%). The incidence rate of SA after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction was significantly lower (P <0.05) when irrigated with gentamicin solution than merely with saline solution. CONCLUSION Gentamicin irrigation solution has a preservative and protective effect against SA development following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. We recommend evaluating this technique as a way in order to depreciate the prevalence of SA after ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Yazdi
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yousof Gomrokchi
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aron Lechtig
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philip Hanna
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbanhoseini
- Department of knee Surgery, bone and joint reconstruction research center, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Research performed at Orthopaedic Department of firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tanomaru-Filho M, Silveira BRF, Martelo RB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Influence of Concentration and Agitation of Sodium Hypochlorite and Peracetic Acid Solutions on Tissue Dissolution. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:876-879. [PMID: 26718295 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To evaluated the tissue dissolution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PA) solutions at different concentrations, with or without ultrasonic agitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following solutions were analyzed: 2.5% NaOCl, 0.5, 1 and 2% PA, 1% PA associated with 6.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and saline. Fragments of bovine pulp tissue with 25 ± 2g mg were immersed into test tubes containing 4 mL of the solutions for 10 minutes. In the groups with agitation, pulp tissues were submitted to 2 cycles of 1 minute of ultrasonic agitation. The specimens were weighed after the removal from the solutions. The percentage of mass loss was calculated according to the difference of mass before and after exposure to solutions. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 2.5% NaOCl with or without agitation showed the higher tissue dissolution (between 64.5 and 67% of mass reduction) (p < 0.005). By comparing the PA solutions, the concentrations of 1 and 2% with or without agitation and the concentration of 0.5% with agitation showed similar dissolution activity (between 35.4 and 44% of mass reduction). The use of the ultrasonic agitation promoted an increase of the dissolution ability only for 0.5% PA. CONCLUSION Peracetic acid solution has pulp tissue dissolution. However, this ability is lower than 2.5% NaOCl solution. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The sodium hypochlorite solution shows higher ability to dissolve tissue than PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University, Rua Humaita, 1680 CEP: 14801903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +55-16-3301-6390 e-mail:
| | - Bruna Ramos Franco Silveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bosso Martelo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Alves DRS, Cunha RS, da Silveira Bueno CE, de Alencar AHG, de Araújo Estrela CR, dos Santos TO, Estrela C. Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:340-346. [PMID: 26162251 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods on antibacterial potential of 2.5% NaOCl on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were prepared during 60 days on 48 human root canals and randomized into control and experimental groups using positive and negative pressure irrigation. Bacterial growth was analyzed using turbidity of culture medium followed by UV spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Mean and standard deviations were used for evaluate the mean optical densities associated to the number of bacteria present culture, and Scheirer-Ray-Hare (an extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test) and Tamhane test to analyze the SEM images in the groups and thirds. Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS Enterococcus faecalis was still present after root canal cleaning regardless of irrigation methods or bacterial identification methods. CONCLUSION Positive and negative pressure irrigation protocols using 2.5% NaOCl show a similar capacity to reduce E. faecalis in infected root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ramos Silveira Alves
- Professor, Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Praça Universitária s/n, Sector Universitário CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil
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