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Lv YY, Wang H, Fan HT, Xu T, Xin WJ, Guo RX. SUMOylation of Kir7.1 participates in neuropathic pain through regulating its membrane expression in spinal cord neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1259-1267. [PMID: 35633059 PMCID: PMC9253747 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Potassium (K+) channels have been demonstrated to play a prominent involvement in nociceptive processing. Kir7.1, the newest members of the Kir channel family, has not been extensively studied in the CNS, and its function remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the role of spinal Kir7.1 in the development of pathological pain. Methods and Results Neuropathic pain was induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). The mechanical sensitivity was assessed by von Frey test. Immunofluorescence staining assay revealed that Kir7.1 was predominantly expressed in spinal neurons but not astrocytes or microglia in normal rats. Western blot results showed that SNI markedly decreased the total and membrane expression of Kir7.1 in the spinal dorsal horn accompanied by mechanical hypersensitivity. Blocking Kir7.1 with the specific antagonist ML418 or knockdown kir7.1 by siRNA led to mechanical allodynia. Co‐IP results showed that the spinal kir7.1 channels were decorated by SUMO‐1 but not SUMO‐2/3, and Kir7.1 SUMOylation was upregulated following SNI. Moreover, inhibited SUMOylation by GA (E1 inhibitor) or 2‐D08 (UBC9 inhibitor) can increase the spinal surface Kir7.1 expression. Conclusion SUMOylation of the Kir7.1 in the spinal cord might contribute to the development of SNI‐induced mechanical allodynia by decreasing the Kir7.1 surface expression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-You Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Ting Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xian Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Beverley KM, Shahi PK, Kabra M, Zhao Q, Heyrman J, Steffen J, Pattnaik BR. Kir7.1 disease mutant T153I within the inner pore affects K+ conduction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C56-C68. [PMID: 35584325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inward-rectifier potassium channel 7.1 (Kir7.1) is present in polarized epithelium, including the RPE. A single amino acid change at position 153 in the KCNJ13 gene, a substitution of threonine to isoleucine in Kir7.1 protein, causes blindness. We hypothesized that the disease caused by this single amino acid substitution within the transmembrane protein domain could alter the translation, localization, or ion transport properties. We assessed the effects of amino acid side-chain length, arrangement, and polarity on channel structure and function. We showed that the T153I mutation yielded a full-length protein localized to the cell membrane. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and chord conductance analyses revealed that the T153I mutant channel had negligible K+ conductance and failed to hyperpolarize the membrane potential. However, the mutant channel exhibited enhanced inward current when Rb+ was used as a charge carrier, suggesting that an inner pore had formed, and the channel was dysfunctional. Substituting with a polar, non-polar, or short side-chain amino acid did not affect the localization of the protein. Still, it had an altered channel function due to differences in pore radius. Polar side chains (cysteine and serine) with inner pore radii comparable to wildtype exhibited normal inward K+ conductance. Short side-chains (glycine and alanine) produced a channel with wider than expected inner pore size and lacked the biophysical characteristics of the wildtype channel. Leucine substitution produced results similar to the T153I mutant channel. This study provides direct electrophysiological evidence for the structure and function of the Kir7.1 channel's narrow inner pore in regulating conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Beverley
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Meha Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph Heyrman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jack Steffen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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3
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Papanikolaou M, Lewis A, Butt AM. Glial and neuronal expression of the Inward Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir7.1 in the adult mouse brain. J Anat 2019; 235:984-996. [PMID: 31309576 PMCID: PMC6794205 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inward Rectifying Potassium channels (Kir) are a large family of ion channels that play key roles in ion homeostasis and neuronal excitability. The most recently described Kir subtype is Kir7.1, which is known as a K+ transporting subtype. Earlier studies localised Kir7.1 to subpopulations of neurones in the brain. However, the pattern of Kir7.1 expression across the brain has not previously been examined. Here, we have determined neuronal and glial expression of Kir7.1 in the adult mouse brain, using immunohistochemistry and transgenic mouse lines expressing reporters specific for astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFAP‐EGFP], myelinating oligodendrocytes (PLP‐DsRed), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC, Pdgfra‐creERT2/Rosa26‐YFP double‐transgenic mice) and all oligodendrocyte lineage cells (SOX10‐EGFP). The results demonstrate significant neuronal Kir7.1 immunostaining in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons, as well as the striatum and hypothalamus. In addition, astrocytes are shown to be immunopositive for Kir7.1 throughout grey and white matter, with dense immunostaining on cell somata, primary processes and perivascular end‐feet. Immunostaining for Kir7.1 was observed in oligodendrocytes, myelin and OPCs throughout the brain, although immunostaining was heterogeneous. Neuronal and glial expression of Kir7.1 is confirmed using neurone‐glial cortical cultures and optic nerve glial cultures. Notably, Kir7.1 have been shown to regulate the excitability of thalamic neurones and our results indicate this may be a widespread function of Kir7.1 in neurones throughout the brain. Moreover, based on the function of Kir7.1 in multiple transporting epithelia, Kir7.1 are likely to play an equivalent role in the primary glial function of K+ homeostasis. Our results indicate Kir7.1 are far more pervasive in the brain than previously recognised and have potential importance in regulating neuronal and glial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papanikolaou
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Anthony Lewis
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Arthur M Butt
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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4
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Shahi PK, Hermans D, Sinha D, Brar S, Moulton H, Stulo S, Borys KD, Capowski E, Pillers DAM, Gamm DM, Pattnaik BR. Gene Augmentation and Readthrough Rescue Channelopathy in an iPSC-RPE Model of Congenital Blindness. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:310-318. [PMID: 30686507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of the KCNJ13 gene are known to cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA16), an inherited pediatric blindness. KCNJ13 encodes the Kir7.1 subunit that acts as a tetrameric, inwardly rectifying potassium ion channel in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to maintain ionic homeostasis and allow photoreceptors to encode visual information. We sought to determine whether genetic approaches might be effective in treating blindness arising from pathogenic variants in KCNJ13. We derived human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-RPE cells from an individual carrying a homozygous c.158G>A (p.Trp53∗) pathogenic variant of KCNJ13. We performed biochemical and electrophysiology assays to confirm Kir7.1 function. We tested both small-molecule readthrough drug and gene-therapy approaches for this "disease-in-a-dish" approach. We found that the LCA16 hiPSC-RPE cells had normal morphology but did not express a functional Kir7.1 channel and were unable to demonstrate normal physiology. After readthrough drug treatment, the LCA16 hiPSC cells were hyperpolarized by 30 mV, and the Kir7.1 current was restored. Similarly, we rescued Kir7.1 channel function after lentiviral gene delivery to the hiPSC-RPE cells. In both approaches, Kir7.1 was expressed normally, and there was restoration of membrane potential and the Kir7.1 current. Loss-of-function variants of Kir7.1 are one cause of LCA. Using either readthrough therapy or gene augmentation, we rescued Kir7.1 channel function in iPSC-RPE cells derived from an affected individual. This supports the development of precision-medicine approaches for the treatment of clinical LCA16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Shahi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dalton Hermans
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Divya Sinha
- McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Simran Brar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah Moulton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sabrina Stulo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katarzyna D Borys
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Elizabeth Capowski
- McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - De-Ann M Pillers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M Gamm
- McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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5
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Anderson EJP, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Cakir I, Litt MJ, Chen V, Reggiardo RE, Millhauser GL, Cone RD. Late onset obesity in mice with targeted deletion of potassium inward rectifier Kir7.1 from cells expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12670. [PMID: 30561082 PMCID: PMC6533113 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy stores in fat tissue are determined in part by the activity of hypothalamic neurones expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Even a partial reduction in MC4R expression levels in mice, rats or humans produces hyperphagia and morbid obesity. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the molecular basis of neuromodulation by the MC4R. The MC4R is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals efficiently through GαS , and this signalling pathway is essential for normal MC4R function in vivo. However, previous data from hypothalamic slice preparations indicated that activation of the MC4R depolarised neurones via G protein-independent regulation of the ion channel Kir7.1. In the present study, we show that deletion of Kcnj13 (ie, the gene encoding Kir7.1) specifically from MC4R neurones produced resistance to melanocortin peptide-induced depolarisation of MC4R paraventricular nucleus neurones in brain slices, resistance to the sustained anorexic effect of exogenously administered melanocortin peptides, late onset obesity, increased linear growth and glucose intolerance. Some MC4R-mediated phenotypes appeared intact, including Agouti-related peptide-induced stimulation of food intake and MC4R-mediated induction of peptide YY release from intestinal L cells. Thus, a subset of the consequences of MC4R signalling in vivo appears to be dependent on expression of the Kir7.1 channel in MC4R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. P. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - I. Cakir
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. J. Litt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valerie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Roman E. Reggiardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Glenn L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - R. D. Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Roger D. Cone, Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
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6
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Roman D, Zhong H, Yaklichkin S, Chen R, Mardon G. Conditional loss of Kcnj13 in the retinal pigment epithelium causes photoreceptor degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:219-26. [PMID: 30009826 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The retina is the light sensing tissue of the eye which contains multiple layers of cells required for the detection and transmission of a visual signal. Loss of the light-sensing photoreceptors leads to defects in visual function and blindness. Previously, we found that mosaic deletion of Kcnj13, and subsequent loss of the potassium channel Kir7.1, in mice leads to photoreceptor degeneration and recapitulates the human retinal disease phenotype (Zhong et al., 2015). Kcnj13 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for normal retinal electrophysiology, function, and survival. Mice with homozygous loss of Kcnj13 die at postnatal day 1 (P1), requiring a tissue-specific approach to study retinal degeneration phenotypes in adult mice. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate a floxed, conditional loss-of-function (cKO) Kcnj13flox allele to study the pathogenesis of Kcnj13 deficiency in the retina. To investigate if the Kcnj13 is required in the RPE for photoreceptor function and survival, we used Best1-cre, which is specifically expressed in the RPE. We observed complete loss of Kcnj13 expression in Cre-positive RPE cells. Furthermore, our findings show that widespread loss of Kcnj13 in the RPE leads to severe and progressive thinning of the outer nuclear layer and a reduced response to light. Finally, to detect Best1-cre expression in the RPE of live animals without sacrificing the animal for histology, we generated a Cre-reporter-containing Kcnj13 cKO mouse line (cKOR: Kcnj13flox/flox; Best1-cre; Ai9) which can be rapidly screened using retinal fluorescence microscopy. These findings provide new tools for studying the roles of Kcnj13 in retinal homeostasis.
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7
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Denton JS, Kharade SV. Plight of the pore polar bar(rier). Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:502-503. [PMID: 28806132 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1367234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerod S Denton
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Sujay V Kharade
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
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8
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Abstract
Choroid plexus neoplasms are uncommon brain tumors in dogs. Choroid plexus carcinomas often spread diffusely throughout the ventricular system and subarachnoid space and, in aggressive forms, can mimic histologic patterns of other carcinomas, including being embedded in a desmoplastic reaction. Although choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) heterogeneously express pan-cytokeratin, little is known about other markers to identify choroid plexus and their associated tumors. Kir7.1, an inward-rectifier potassium channel, is reported to have high diagnostic utility in human neuropathology to distinguish CPTs from other primary brain tumors and cerebral metastases. To determine Kir7.1 expression in the dog brain, we analyzed the immunoreactivity of Kir7.1 in normal brain, gliomas, ependymomas, CPTs, meningiomas, and carcinomas. In normal brain tissue, the immunostaining was restricted to the choroid plexus where there was robust membrane immunoreactivity along the apical border of the cells with less intense cytoplasmic staining. Similar strong immunoreactivity was detected in 12 of 12 CPTs, whereas 5 of 5 gliomas, 4 of 5 ependymomas, 5 of 5 meningiomas, and 5 of 6 carcinomas had no immunoreactivity. One ependymoma and 1 nasal carcinoma with squamous metaplasia were up to 75% immunopositive, with moderate cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity, but lacking the robust apical immunoreactivity pattern. Analysis for immunoreactivity in a tissue microarray failed to yield any other locations in which immunoreactivity was detected. These results, including the distinctive pattern of immunostaining in CPTs, suggest that Kir7.1 is an excellent marker for CPTs in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Choi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Erica A Sloma
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
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Pilmore E, Hamilton KL. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of K(+) Channels in Epithelial Tissue. Front Physiol 2015; 6:352. [PMID: 26648872 PMCID: PMC4664832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the modulation of proteins has shifted in direction with the discovery of microRNAs (miRs) over twenty years ago. MiRs are now in the “limelight” as these non-coding pieces of RNA (generally ~22 nucleotides long) result in altered translation and function of proteins. Indeed, miRs are now reported to be potential biomarkers of disease. Epithelial K+ channels play many roles in electrolyte and fluid homeostasis of the human body and have been suggested to be therapeutic targets of disease. Interestingly, the role of miRs in modulating K+ channels of epithelial tissues is only emerging now. This minireview focuses on recent novel findings into the role of miRs in the regulation of K+ channels of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Pilmore
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirk L Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Pattnaik BR, Shahi PK, Marino MJ, Liu X, York N, Brar S, Chiang J, Pillers DAM, Traboulsi EI. A Novel KCNJ13 Nonsense Mutation and Loss of Kir7.1 Channel Function Causes Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA16). Hum Mutat 2015; 36:720-7. [PMID: 25921210 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the KCNJ13 gene that encodes the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1 cause snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration (SVD) and leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Kir7.1 controls the microenvironment between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and also contributes to the function of other organs such as uterus and brain. Heterologous expressions of the mutant channel have suggested a dominant-negative loss of Kir7.1 function in SVD, but parallel studies in LCA16 have been lacking. Herein, we report the identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the second exon of the KCNJ13 gene that leads to a premature stop codon in association with LCA16. We have determined that the mutation results in a severe truncation of the Kir7.1 C-terminus, alters protein localization, and disrupts potassium currents. Coexpression of the mutant and wild-type channel has no negative influence on the wild-type channel function, consistent with the normal clinical phenotype of carrier individuals. By suppressing Kir7.1 function in mice, we were able to reproduce the severe LCA electroretinogram phenotype. Thus, we have extended the observation that Kir7.1 mutations are associated with vision disorders to include novel insights into the molecular mechanism of disease pathobiology in LCA16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meghan J Marino
- Center for Genetic Eye Diseases and Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathaniel York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Simran Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John Chiang
- Casey Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - De-Ann M Pillers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Center for Genetic Eye Diseases and Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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