1
|
van der Ende MY, Siland JE, Snieder H, van der Harst P, Rienstra M. Population-based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study. Clin Cardiol 2017; 40:865-872. [PMID: 28605034 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim is to present average values and prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among the general Dutch population in the LifeLines Cohort. HYPOTHESIS The ECG values previously studied in the Caucasian population of smaller cohorts will be confirmed with ECG data from LifeLines. METHODS ECG data of 152 180 individuals age 18 to 93 years were available. Individuals with cardiovascular risk factors were excluded to analyze the healthy population. Average values of the ECG for the healthy population were presented as means with 95% and 99% confidence intervals and as medians with first and 99th percentiles. RESULTS Median heart rate was highest in the youngest and oldest individuals of the healthy population. Median duration of P wave, PQ interval, and QRS duration were longer in males compared with females. In contrast, median QT interval corrected for heart rate was higher in females. In general, the above-mentioned parameters increased with age. The prevalences of ECG abnormalities adjusted for the Dutch population were 0.9% for atrial fibrillation or flutter, 1.4% for premature atrial complexes, 0.5% for myocardial infarction, 2.1% for ventricular premature complexes, 1.0% for left ventricular hypertrophy, 8.1% for P-R interval >200 ms, and 0.8% for bundle branch block. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an overview of average values and ECG abnormalities and confirms data of previous smaller studies. In addition, we evaluate the age- and sex-dependent normal limits of the P wave and QRS duration and confirm in detail the frontal plane QRS-T angle on the ECG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yldau van der Ende
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joylene E Siland
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meems LMG, de Borst MH, Postma DS, Vonk JM, Kremer HPH, Schuttelaar MLA, Rosmalen JGM, Weersma RK, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Scholtens S, Stolk RP, Kema IP, Navis G, Khan MAF, van der Harst P, de Boer RA. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with multimorbidity: results from the LifeLines Cohort Study. Ann Med 2015; 47:474-81. [PMID: 26340085 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1073347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥ 1 disease within an individual) is rapidly increasing. So far, studies on the relationship between vitamin D and morbidity are mainly focusing on effects on single disease domains only, while vitamin D biology is associated with several diseases throughout the human body. METHODS We studied 8,726 participants from the LifeLines Cohort Study (a cross-sectional, population-based cohort study) and used the self-developed composite morbidity score to study the association between vitamin D levels and multimorbidity. RESULTS Study participants (mean age 45 ± 13 years, 73% females) had a mean plasma vitamin D level of 59 ± 22 nmol/L. In participants aged between 50 and 60 years, 58% had ≥ 2 affected disease domains, while morbidity score increased with age (70-80 years: 82% morbidity score > 1; > 80 years: 89% morbidity score > 1). Each incremental reduction by 1 standard deviation (SD) of vitamin D level was associated with an 8% higher morbidity score (full model OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97, P = 0.001). Participants with vitamin D levels < 25 nmol/L were at highest risk for increasing morbidity prevalence (versus > 80 nmol/L, OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07-1.67, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of vitamin D are associated with higher prevalence of multimorbidity, especially in participants with vitamin D levels < 25 nmol/L. Collectively, our results favor a general, rather than an organ-specific, approach when assessing the impact of vitamin D deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M G Meems
- a Department of Cardiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- c Department of Pulmonology , Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- c Department of Pulmonology , Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Hubertus P H Kremer
- d Department of Neurology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise A Schuttelaar
- e Department of Dermatology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Judith G M Rosmalen
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,f Department of Psychiatry , Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- g Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- h Department of Endocrinology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Salome Scholtens
- i Department of LifeLines Cohort Study & Biobank , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- i Department of LifeLines Cohort Study & Biobank , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- j Department of Laboratory Medicine , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Mohsin A F Khan
- a Department of Cardiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- a Department of Cardiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- a Department of Cardiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|