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Sun Y, Fang Y, Li X, Li J, Liu D, Wei M, Liao Z, Meng Y, Zhai L, Yokota H, Yang L, Yu Y, Zhang P. A static magnetic field enhances the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage by promoting the migration of stem cells and chondrogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2023; 39:43-54. [PMID: 36721767 PMCID: PMC9849874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and its regulatory mechanism in the repair of osteoarthritic cartilage. Methods Fourteen-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group and the osteoarthritis (OA) groups with and without SMF application. SMF was applied at 200 mT for two consecutive weeks. Changes in knee cartilage were examined by histomorphometry, and the chondrogenesis and migration of endogenous stem cells were assessed. The expression of SRY-related protein 9 (SOX9), Collagen type II (COL2), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4), Piezo1 and other genes was evaluated, and the mechanism of SMF's action was tested using the CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, and Piezo1 siRNA. Results SMF significantly decreased the OARSI scores after induction of OA. SMF was beneficial to chondrogenesis by elevating SOX9. In the OA mouse model, an increase in MMP13 with a decrease in COL2 led to the destruction of the cartilage extracellular matrix, which was suppressed by SMF. SMF promoted the migration of cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It increased SDF-1 and CXCR4, while the CXCR4 inhibitor significantly suppressed the beneficial effects of SMF. The application of Piezo1 siRNA inhibited the SMF-induced increase of CXCR4. Conclusion SMF enhanced chondrogenesis and improved cartilage extracellular matrices. It activated the Piezo1-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 regulatory axis and promoted the migration of endogenous stem cells. Collectively, it attenuated the pathological progression of cartilage destruction in OA mice. The Translational potential of this article The findings in this study provided convincing evidence that SMF could enhance cartilage repair and improve OA symptoms, suggesting that SMF could have clinical value in the treatment of OA.
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Key Words
- BMSCs, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- CC, Calcified cartilage
- CD105, Endothelial glycoprotein
- CD146, Melanoma cell adhesion molecule
- CD166, Activated leukocyte adhesion molecule
- COL2, CollagenⅡ
- CSPCs, Cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells
- CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
- Chondrogenesis
- HC, Hyaline cartilage
- MMP13, Matrix metallopeptidase 13
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- OARSI, Osteoarthritis Research Society International
- Osteoarthritis
- Piezo1
- SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- SDF-1/CXCR4
- SMF, Static magnetic field
- SOX9, SRY-related protein 9
- Static magnetic field
- TAC, Total articular cartilage
- mT, Millitesla
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wei
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | | | - Yao Meng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidong Zhai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy and Histology School of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Kim JM, Choi ME, Jeon EJ, Park JM, Kim S, Park JE, Oh SW, Choi JS. Cell-derived vesicles from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate irradiation-induced salivary gland cell damage. Regen Ther 2022; 21:453-459. [PMID: 36313393 PMCID: PMC9587124 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary gland (SG) damage is commonly caused by aging, irradiation, and some medications, and currently, no damage modifying agent is available. However, cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a therapeutic modality for irradiated SGs. Therefore, we administered cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) to irradiated SG cells to investigate their radioprotective effects in vitro. Methods The artificial CDVs were obtained from ADMSC by tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification and ultracentrifugation. Cultured human SG epithelial cells were exposed to 2, 5 or 15 Gy of 4 MV X-rays produced by a linear accelerator. The effects of ADMSC-CDVs on SG epithelial cells damaged by irradiation were tested by proliferation activity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and amylase activity. Results Exposure to penetrating radiation inhibited the proliferation of SG epithelial cells, but the radiation intensity required to reduce the proliferation of human submandibular gland epithelial cells (hSMGECs) was greater than required for other SG cells. ADMSC-CDVs restored the proliferative ability of SG epithelial cells reduced by irradiation, and the proliferation capacities of irradiated human parotid gland epithelial cells (hPGECs) and human sublingual gland epithelial cells (hSLGECs) were increased by administering ADMSC-CDVs to non-irradiated SG epithelial cells. Furthermore, amylase activity in irradiated hPGECs, hSMGECs, and hSLGECs was lower than in non-irradiated controls. However, amylase ability was restored in all by ADMSC-CDV treatment. Also, TEER was diminished by irradiation in hPGECs, hSMGECs, and hSLGECs and restored by ADMSC-CDV administration. Conclusion Overall, our findings demonstrate that ADMSC-CDVs have potent radioprotective effects on irradiated SG cells. ADMSC-CDVs restored the proliferation and amylase activity of SG cells damaged by irradiation. Reduced TEER in irradiated SG epithelial cells was restored by ADMSC-CDVs. ADMSC-CDVs have potent radioprotective effects on irradiated SG cells.
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Key Words
- ADMSCs, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)
- CDVs, Cell-derived vesicles
- Cell-derived vesicles (CDVs)
- Irradiation
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- SG, Salivary gland
- Salivary gland
- TEER, Transepithelial electrical resistance
- TFF, Tangential flow filtration
- hPGECs, human parotid gland epithelial cells
- hPL, human platelet lysate
- hSLGECs, human sublingual gland epithelial cells
- hSMGECs, human submandibular gland epithelial cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungryeal Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul 04790, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Oh
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul 04790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82 32 890 3580.
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El-Sawah SG, Rashwan HM, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Fayad E, Shabana ES, El-Hallous EI, Amen RM. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs Ameliorating Effects on The Metabolic and Hepato-renal Abnormalities in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1053-60. [PMID: 35197774 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious threats in the 21th century throughout the human population that needs to be addressed cautiously. Nowadays, stem cell injection is considered among the most promising protocols for DM therapy; owing to its marked tissues and organs repair capability. Therefore, our 4 weeks study was undertaken to elucidate the probable beneficial effects of two types of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on metabolism disturbance and some tissue function defects in diabetic rats. Animals were classified into 4 groups; the control group, the diabetic group, the diabetic group received a single dose of adipose tissue-derived MSCs and the diabetic group received a single dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Herein, both MSCs treated groups markedly reduced hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes induction via lowering serum glucose and rising insulin and C-peptide levels, compared to the diabetic group. Moreover, the increased lipid fractions levels were reverted back to near normal values as a consequence to MSCs injection compared to the diabetic untreated rats. Furthermore, both MSCs types were found to have hepato-renal protective effects indicated through the decreased serum levels of both liver and kidney functions markers in the treated diabetic rats. Taken together, our results highlighted the therapeutic benefits of both MSCs types in alleviating metabolic anomalies and hepato-renal diabetic complications.
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Key Words
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end products
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BM-MSCs, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- D, Diabetic
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DN, Diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetes
- Diabetic nephropathy
- FBG, Fasting blood glucose
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HO-1, Heme-oxygenase 1
- HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin
- Hyperlipidemia
- IPCs, Insulin producing cells
- ISCT, International Society for Cellular Therapy
- LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SEM, Standard error of mean
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Scientists
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T1DM, Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TL, Total lipids
- γ-GT, gamma glutamyl transferase
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Shalaby WS, Ahmed OM, Waisbourd M, Katz LJ. A Review of Potential Novel Glaucoma Therapeutic Options Independent of Intraocular Pressure. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:1062-1080. [PMID: 34890600 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and visual field loss, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is presently the only modifiable risk factor demonstrated to slow or halt disease progression; however, glaucomatous damage persists in almost 50% of patients despite significant IOP reduction. Many studies have investigated the non-IOP-related risk factors that contribute to glaucoma progression as well as interventions that can prevent or delay glaucomatous neurodegeneration and preserve vision throughout life, independently of IOP. A vast number of experimental studies have reported effective neuroprotection in glaucoma, and clinical studies are ongoing attempting to provide strong evidence of effectiveness of these interventions. In this review, we look into the current understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and explore the recent advances in non-IOP related strategies for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in glaucoma.
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Key Words
- AMD, Age-related macular degeneration
- BDNF, Brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CNTF, Ciliary neurotrophic factor
- GDNF, Glial‐derived neurotrophic factor
- Glaucoma
- IOP, Intraocular pressure
- LoGTS, Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- NGF, Nerve growth factor
- NTG, Normal tension glaucoma
- OCTA, Optical coherence tomography angiography
- PBM, hotobiomodulation
- PDGF, Platelet derived growth factor
- POAG, Primary open angle glaucoma
- RGCs, Retinal ganglion cells
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor- α
- bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor
- gene therapy
- intracranial pressure
- intraocular pressure
- neuroprotection
- ocular blood flow
- oxidative stress
- retinal ganglion cells
- stem cell therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tanta Medical School, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Waisbourd
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - L Jay Katz
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chang X, Ma Z, Zhu G, Lu Y, Yang J. New perspective into mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular mechanisms regulating osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100372. [PMID: 34258182 PMCID: PMC8254115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of osteosarcoma cells from osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells remains controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the development of osteosarcoma by influencing the tumor microenvironment and mediating cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes secreted by them can be used as good genes and drug carriers for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Mesenchymal stem cells from different tissue sources have different regulatory effects on the development of osteosarcoma.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with significant potential for regenerative medicine. The tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma is an intricate system and MSCs act as an indispensable part of this, interacting with the tumor microenvironment (TME) during the process. MSCs link to cells by acting on each component in the TME via autocrine or paracrine extracellular vesicles for cellular communication. Because of their unique characteristics, MSCs can be modified and processed into good biological carriers, loaded with drugs, and transfected with anticancer genes for the targeted treatment of osteosarcoma. Previous high-quality reviews have described the biological characteristics of MSCs; this review will discuss the effects of MSCs on the components of the TME and cellular communication and the prospects for clinical applications of MSCs.
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Key Words
- 3TSR, Three type 1 repeats
- 5 FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived MSCs
- AQP1, Aquaporin-1
- BMSC-derived exosomes, BMSC-Exos
- BMSCs, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- CAFs, Carcinoma-associated-fibroblasts
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CSF, Colony-stimulating factor
- Cellular communication
- Clinical application
- DOX, Doxorubicin
- DP-MSCs, Dental pulp-derived MSCs, hUC-MSCs, Human umbilical cord MSCs
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- GBM, Glioblastoma
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- LINE-1, Long interspersing element 1
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MSC-Exos, MSC-derived exosomes
- MSC-MVs, MSC microvesicles
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- OS, osteosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- PDGFRα, Platelet derived growth factor receptor α
- PDGFRβ, Platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PDGFα, Platelet derived growth factor α
- S TRAIL, Secretable variant of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- SD-MSCs, stressed MSCs
- SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TME
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRA2B, Transformer 2β
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- hASCs, human adipose stem cells
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- yCD::UPRT, Yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl transferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Guomao Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Xia C, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Li T. Stem cell therapy for osteonecrosis of femoral head: Opportunities and challenges. Regen Ther 2020; 15:295-304. [PMID: 33426232 PMCID: PMC7770428 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease with a complex etiology and unclear pathogenesis, resulting in severe hip pain and dysfunction mainly observed in young patients. Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most effective treatment for patients with ONFH in the terminal stage, the results of THA in young patients or active populations are often not favorable, with some complications related to the prosthesis. With the development of biotechnology, an increasing number of studies pay attention to use of stem cells for the treatment of ONFH. Stem cells are characterized by the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, including differentiation into osteoblasts and endothelial cells to mediate bone repair and angiogenesis. Furthermore, stem cells can offer growth factors to promote blood supply in the necrotic regions by paracrine effects. Therefore, stem cell therapy has become one of the hip-preserving alternatives for ONFH. This review summarized the current trends in stem cell therapy for ONFH, from clinical applications to related basic research, and showed that an increasing number of studies have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in ONFH. However, many unsolved problems and challenges in practical applications of stem cell therapy still exist, such as patient selection, standardized procedures, safety assessment, and the fate of transplanted cells in the body. Additional studies are required to find ideal cell sources, appropriate transplantation methods, and the optimal number of cells for transplantation. Diversities in repair processes present a challenge in the targeted treatment of ONFH. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are the primary mechanisms of MSCs treatment in ONFH. Systematic safety assessment and cell tracing are necessary for stem cell therapy. Optimal numbers and methods of cell transplantation need to be further confirmed.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AMSCs, adipose-derived MSCs
- BCP, biphasic calcium phosphate
- BMC, bone marrow concentrate
- BMMNCs, bone marrow mononuclear cells
- BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2
- BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- CD, Core decompression
- CPC, calcium phosphate
- CSS, cap-shaped separation
- Cell implantation
- Cell therapy
- DBM, demineralized bone matrix
- Femoral head
- HHS, Harris hip score
- IP-CHA, interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- MVD, microvessel density
- ONFH, Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
- Osteonecrosis
- PBMSCs, peripheral blood-derived MSCs
- PLGA, poly lactide-co-glycolide
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SCPP, strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate
- SVF, stromal vascular fractions
- Stem cells
- THA, total hip arthroplasty
- TMCs, transformed mesenchymal cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tissue engineering
- UCMSCs, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- VAS, visual analogue scale
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index
- XACB, xenogeneic antigen-extracted cancellous bone
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- β-TCP, beta-tricalcium phosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxing Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.,Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.,Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - ChangSuo Xia
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.,Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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Quispe-Salcedo A, Sato T, Matsuyama J, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H. Responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to capping with a triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide cement in mouse molars. Regen Ther 2020; 15:216-25. [PMID: 33426222 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to a triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline in ointment with macrogol and propylene glycol, remain to be fully clarified at the cellular level. This study aimed to elucidate responses of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp to capping with TAP in mouse molars. Methods A cavity was prepared on the first molars of 6-week-old mice to expose the dental pulp for 24 h. The exposed pulp was capped with TAP (TAP group) or calcium hydroxide cement (CH group), in addition to the combination of macrogol (M) and propylene glycol (P) (MP, control group), followed by a glass ionomer cement filling. The samples were collected at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and immunohistochemistry for nestin and Ki-67 and deoxyuride-5′-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed in addition to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Results The highest occurrence rate of pulp necrosis was found in the control group followed by the CH group at Weeks 2 and 3, whereas the highest occurrence rate of healed areas in the dental pulp was observed in the TAP group at each time point. Tertiary dentin formation was first observed in the dental pulp of the TAP group at Week 2. In contrast, bone-like and/or fibrous tissues were frequently observed in the CH group. qRT-PCR analyses clarified that TAP activated the stem and dendritic cells at Weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions The use of TAP as a pulp-capping agent improved the healing process of oral-microflora-exposed dental pulp in mouse molars. We established a mouse model to evaluate the pulpal responses to capping materials. TAP induced odontoblast-like cell differentiation faster than calcium hydroxide. Tertiary dentin was predominantly seen at the exposure site in the TAP group. TAC-P tends to activate dental pulp stem cells earlier than calcium hydroxide. TAP favored the repair process of the oral-microflora-exposed pulpal tissue.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, One-way analysis of variance
- AZAN, Azocarmine and aniline blue
- Anti-bacterial agents
- BMPs, Bone morphogenetic proteins
- Birc5, Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5
- CH, Calcium hydroxide
- Cell differentiation
- Cell proliferation
- Ct, Cycle threshold
- DAP, Double antibiotic paste
- DCs, Dendritic cells
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPC, Direct pulp capping
- DPSCs, Dental pulp stem cells
- Dental cavity preparation
- Dental pulp
- FGFs, Fibroblast growth factors
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- HE, Hematoxylin-eosin
- HLA-DR-immunopositive cells, Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR isotype-immunopositive cells
- M, Macrogol
- MHC, Major histocompatibility complex
- MP, Macrogol (M) mixed with propylene glycol (P)
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- MTA, Mineral trioxide aggregate
- Mice (crlj:CD1)
- Oct 3/4 A, Octamer binding transcription factor 3/4 A
- Oct 3/4 B, Octamer binding transcription factor 3/4 B
- P, Propylene glycol
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- Pcna, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- REP, Regenerative endodontic procedures
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- RT, Reverse transcription
- SCAP, Stem cells of the apical papilla
- Sox 10, SRY-related HMG-box 10
- TAC, Triple antibiotic combination (a mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline)
- TAC-P, Triple antibiotic combination and propylene glycol
- TAP, Triple antibiotic paste
- TAS, Triple antibiotic solution
- TGFβ, Transforming growth factor β
- TUNEL assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay
- Tris–HCl buffer, Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM) hydrochloride buffer
- Yap1, Yes-associated protein 1
- cDNA, Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- mRNA, Messenger ribonucleic acid
- mTAP, Modified triple antibiotic paste
- qRT-PCR, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- αTCP, Alpha tricalcium phosphate
- β-actin, Beta-actin
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Nazhvani FD, Haghani I, Nazhvani SD, Namazi F, Ghaderi A. Regenerative effect of mesenteric fat stem cells on ccl4-induced liver cirrhosis, an experimental study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:135-139. [PMID: 33145022 PMCID: PMC7593263 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease in which normal liver tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue, leads to liver malfunction. Although transplantation is the most certain cure, stem cell therapies are shedding light on efforts to regenerate cirrhotic liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of mesenteric fat stem cells in CCL4-induced liver cirrhosis in an animal model. Methods Thirty rats were treated with the mixture of CCL4 and olive oil intraperitoneally by a dose of 0.2 ml (0.1 ml CCL4 and 0.1 ml olive oil) every other day for 16 weeks till cirrhosis signs appeared. Fifteen rats were randomly selected as control group. Others treated by mesenteric fat derived mesenchymal stem cells transferred into the liver parenchyma. Results After 5 weeks, rats received stem cells had improved clinically by increased movements, appetite, improvement in overall behavior and decreased abdomen size. Histopathologically, liver cells showed state of regeneration and forming new colonies. Conclusion Liver cirrhosis was induced. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from mesenteric adipose tissue could improve hepatic status of the rats, as cirrhotic livers were regenerated back into normal appearing parenchyma. Rats' clinical behavior also reached healthy status.
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Key Words
- ADSCs, Multipotent adipose-derived stem cells
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Animal model
- CCL4, Carbon tetracholoride
- CNS, Central nervous system
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- IM, Intramuscular
- IP, Intraperitoneal
- Liver fibrosis
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- α-MEM, Minimum essential medium α
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Haghani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Namazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tokodai K, Kumagai-Braesch M, Karadagi A, Johansson H, Ågren N, Jorns C, Ericzon BG, Ellis E. Blood Group Antigen Expression in Isolated Human Liver Cells in Preparation for Implementing Clinical ABO-Incompatible Hepatocyte Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:106-113. [PMID: 32189925 PMCID: PMC7068001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO blood group antigens in the liver are expressed mainly on endothelial cells or biliary epithelial cells but not on hepatocytes. This suggests that ABO-incompatible hepatocyte transplantation (ABOi-HTx) is theoretically feasible. However, the effects of stress on ABO blood group antigen expression caused by isolation and intraportal infusion require thorough investigation before ABOi-HTx can be implemented in clinical settings. METHODS Human hepatocytes were isolated from liver tissue obtained from liver resection or deceased donor livers. The expression of blood group antigens on cryopreserved human liver tissues and isolated hepatocyte smear specimens were examined by immunofluorescent staining. The effect of proinflammatory cytokines on blood group antigen expression of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction after hepatocyte incubation with ABO-incompatible whole blood was examined using the tubing loop model. RESULTS Blood group antigens were mainly expressed on vessels in the portal area. In hepatocyte smear specimens, isolated hepatocytes did not express blood group antigens. In contrast, a subset of cells in the smear specimens of nonparenchymal liver cells stained positive. In the flow cytometry analysis, isolated hepatocytes were negative for blood group antigens, even after 4-h incubation with cytokines. Platelet counts and complement activation were not significantly different in ABO-identical versus ABO-incompatible settings in the tubing loop model. CONCLUSION Our study showed that blood group antigens were not expressed on hepatocytes, even after isolation procedures or subsequent incubation with cytokines. This finding is an important step toward removing the restriction of ABO matching in hepatocyte transplantation. Our results suggest that ABOi-HTx is a feasible therapeutic option, especially in patients who require urgent treatment with freshly isolated hepatocytes, such as those with acute liver failure.
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Key Words
- ABO-incompatible transplantation
- ABOi, ABO-incompatible
- ABOi-HTx, ABO-incompatible hepatocyte transplantation
- C3a, Complement 3a
- CCA, Cholangiocarcinoma
- CRC, Colorectal cancer metastasis
- DCD, Donation after death
- DSA, Donor-specific anti-HLA antibody
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HTx, Hepatocyte transplantation
- IBMIR, Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction
- ICH, Intracranial hemorrhage
- IQR, Interquartile range
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- blood group antigens
- hepatocytes
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Ellis
- Address for correspondence: Ewa Ellis Ph.D., Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kojima Y, Tsuchiya A, Ogawa M, Nojiri S, Takeuchi S, Watanabe T, Nakajima K, Hara Y, Yamashita J, Kikuta J, Takamura M, Ishii M, Terai S. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured under hypoxic conditions had a greater therapeutic effect on mice with liver cirrhosis compared to those cultured under normal oxygen conditions. Regen Ther 2019; 11:269-81. [PMID: 31667206 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be easily expanded. They can be acquired from medical waste such as adipose and umbilical cord tissues, are influenced by culturing conditions, and exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenic effects. We analyzed the multi-directional effects of MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions and their underlying mechanisms in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in a mouse model. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured under hypoxic (5% O2; hypoMSCs) and normoxic (21% O2; norMSCs) conditions were compared by cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) with or without serum from liver cirrhosis patients. The therapeutic effects of MSCs, including serum liver enzyme induction, fibrosis regression, and hepatic oxidative stress, were evaluated by injecting 1 × 106, 2 × 105, or 4 × 104 MSCs/mouse into the tail veins of mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis. Intravital imaging was performed with a two-photon excitation microscope to confirm the various MSC migration paths to the liver. Results CAGE analysis revealed that the RNA expression levels of prostaglandin E synthase (Ptges) and miR210 were significantly higher in hypoMSCs than in norMSCs. In vivo analysis revealed that both hypoMSCs and norMSCs reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, oxidative stress, and fibrosis compared to that in control mice in a dose-dependent manner. However, hypoMSCs had stronger therapeutic effects than norMSCs. We confirmed this observation by an in vitro study in which hypoMSCs changed macrophage polarity to an anti-inflammatory phenotype via prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulation. In addition, miR210 reduced the rate of hepatocyte apoptosis. Intravital imaging after MSC administration showed that both cell types were primarily trapped in the lungs. Relatively a few hypoMSCs and norMSCs migrated to the liver. There were no significant differences in their distributions. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of hypoMSCs was mediated by PGE2 and miR210 production and was greater than that of norMSCs. Therefore, MSCs can be manipulated to improve their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and could potentially serve in effective cell therapy. MSCs produce several factors with multidirectional effects and function as “conducting cells” in liver cirrhosis. HypoMSCs decreased liver damage and fibrosis in mice in a dose-dependent manner. HypoMSCs produced more PTGES and miR-210 than norMSCs. HypoMSCs reduced oxidative stress more effectively than norMSCs. HypoMSCs induced anti-inflammatory macrophage growth via prostaglandin E2 production. miR-210 reduced hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, DNA 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine
- ALB, Albumin
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- CAGE, Cap analysis of gene expression
- CCl4, Carbon tetrachloride
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- HHSteC, Human Hepatic Stellate Cells
- Hypoxic condition
- LC, Liver cirrhosis
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- Liver cirrhosis
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PGE2
- PGE2, Prostaglandin E2
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T-Bil, Total bilirubin
- hypoMSCs, MSCs cultured under hypoxic oxygen (5% O2) conditions
- id-BMM, Induced Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage
- miR210
- norMSCs, MSCs cultured under normal oxygen (21% O2) conditions
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