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Liu M, Zhu D, Jin F, Li S, Liu X, Wang X. Peptide modified geniposidic acid targets bone and effectively promotes osteogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2022; 38:23-31. [PMID: 36313979 PMCID: PMC9579733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geniposidic acid (GPA), one of the active components of Eucommia ulmoides, promote bone formation and treat osteoporosis by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR). However, GPA has low oral availability and lack of bone targeting in the treatment of bone related diseases. With the development of modern technology, small molecules, amino acids, or aptamers are used for biological modification of drugs and target cells in bone tissue, which has become the trend of bone targeted research. Methods In this study, SDSSD (an osteoblast-targeting peptide) were modified in GPA using Fmoc solid-phase synthesis technique to form a new SDSSD-GPA conjugate (SGPA). The bone targeting of SGPA was evaluated using in vivo imaging and cell co-culture. In vitro, the effect of SGPA on cytotoxicity, osteoblastic activity, and mineralization ability were studied in mouse primary osteoblasts (OBs). In vivo, the therapeutic effect of SGPA on osteoporosis using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. The bone mass, histomorphometry, serum biochemical parameters, and the molecular mechanism were evaluated. Results SGPA was enriched in OBs and tends to accumulate in bone tissue. In vitro, SGPA significantly enhanced the osteogenic activity and mineralization of OBs compared with GPA. In vivo, SGPA enhanced serum BALP and P1NP levels, increased the trabecular bone mass of the mice, and SGPA administration have a higher bone mineralization deposition rate than the GPA-treated mice. Moreover, SGPA significantly activated FXR and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Conclusions Collectively, SGPA is enriched into OBs, and promotes bone formation by activating FXR-RUNX2 signalling, effectively treating osteoporosis at relatively low doses. The translational potential of this article This study demonstrates a more efficient and safe application of GPA in treating osteoporosis, provide a new concept for the bone targeted application of natural compounds.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BALP, bone alkaline phosphatase
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- BV/TV, relative bone volume
- Bone targeting
- Ct.Th., cortical thickness
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GPA, geniposidic acid
- Geniposidic acid
- MAR, mineral apposition rate
- OBs, osteoblasts
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OSF-2, osteoblast-specific factor 2
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteogenesis
- P1NP, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide
- Runx2, Runt-related transcription factor 2
- SDSSD
- SDSSD, Ser-Asp-Ser-Ser-Asp
- SGPA, SDSSD-GPA conjugate
- Tb.N., trabecular number
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Danqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China,Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Witayavanitkul N, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Klaikeaw N, Siriviriyakul P. Genistein and exercise treatment reduced NASH related HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expressions in ovariectomized rats fed with high fat high fructose diet. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:503-512. [PMID: 34765514 PMCID: PMC8572705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Genistein (GEN) and exercise (Ex) may be regarded as an alternative treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects in NASH are not well-understood. Experimental procedure This study investigated the roles of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 and interleukin-(IL-)13 in the NASH model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Results and conclusion Nine weeks after being fed with HFHF diet, severe NASH pathology with mild fibrosis were seen along with an increase in HDAC3, IL-13 and matrix metalloelastase (MMP-12) expressions in OVX rats. Five weeks of either GEN or Ex treatments abrogated the increase in both HDAC3 and IL-13 expressions in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet and ameliorated NASH features, liver fibrosis and MMP-12 expression. The combination of Gen and Ex, however, did not provide additional benefits on NASH features in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet. These results suggested that GEN and Ex treatments improved HFHF diet induced NASH in OVX rats through the suppression of HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expression. •Estrogen deficiency leads to NASH development. •Either genistein or exercise modulated lipid metabolism reducing steatohepatitis. •Either genistein or exercise attenuated liver fibrosis improving NASH. •Combining genistein and exercise did not provide additional benefits. •Genistein and exercise have beneficial effects in post-menopausal women with NASH.
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Key Words
- DAB, Diaminobenzidine
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Estrogen deficiency
- Exercise
- FFA, Free fatty acid
- Genistein
- HDAC3, histone deacetylase 3
- HFHF, High-fat high-fructose
- IL-13, Interleukin-13
- MMP-12, matrix metalloelastase 12
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ovariectomized
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Witayavanitkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Klaikeaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yano T, Ito T, Kanehira Y, Yamada M, Kimura-Suda H, Wagatsuma H, Inoue D. Effects of risedronate, alendronate, and minodronate alone or in combination with eldecalcitol on bone mineral density, quality, and strength in ovariectomized rats. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101061. [PMID: 33898659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy of active vitamin D3 with some bisphosphonates (BPs) has been reported to be clinically beneficial. However, combination therapy of eldecalcitol (ELD) with BP has to date not been validated as to whether it is beneficial in the clinical setting. Preclinical studies suggested that simultaneous treatment with ELD and some BPs is more effective than monotherapy. However, the relative potency of various BPs, when used in combination with ELD, is completely unknown. In this study, we examined and compared the effects of risedronate (RIS), alendronate (ALN), and minodronate (MIN) alone or in combination with ELD on bone mass, microarchitecture, strength, and material properties in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats aged 13 weeks. RIS, ALN, MIN, and ELD were administered five times weekly for 16 weeks. Micro-computed tomography analysis, compression test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging analysis were performed 16 weeks after treatment initiation. Trabecular and cortical bone mineral density (BMD) in the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) significantly increased in the RIS + ELD, ALN + ELD, and MIN + ELD groups compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, the bone microarchitecture of L4 in all the BP + ELD groups also significantly improved. On mechanical testing of L4, the maximum load was significantly increased in the RIS + ELD and ALN + ELD groups. FTIR analysis revealed that the mineral-to-collagen ratio of trabecular bone in L3 of all the BP + ELD groups was significantly increased compared with the vehicle group. By contrast, the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, a parameter of mineral immaturity, was significantly decreased in the RIS + ELD and ALN + ELD groups. BP + ELD improved the BMD and structural properties of the bone to a similar extent. RIS + ELD and ALN + ELD also improved bone strength. Furthermore, treatment with BP + ELD improved the bone material. These results suggest that the combination therapy of BP and ELD is beneficial and warrants further clinical trials. Combination of bisphosphonates and eldecalcitol was superior to either monotherapy. Bone quality on FTIR imaging analysis correlated with bone strength. Combined bisphosphonate and eldecalcitol may be useful in the clinical setting.
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Key Words
- ALF, alfacalcidol
- ALN, alendronate
- Alendronate
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BPs, bisphosphonates
- Combination therapy
- ELD, eldecalcitol
- Eldecalcitol
- FTIR imaging
- FTIR, Fourier transform infrared
- MIN, minodronate
- Minodronate
- OVX, ovariectomized
- RIS, risedronate
- Risedronate
- micro-CT, micro-computed tomography
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Di Y, Wasan EK, Cawthray J, Syeda J, Ali M, Cooper DML, Al-Dissi A, Ashjaee N, Cheng W, Johnston J, Weekes DM, Kostelnik TI, Orvig C, Wasan KM. Evaluation of La(XT), a novel lanthanide compound, in an OVX rat model of osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100753. [PMID: 33665236 PMCID: PMC7905442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a novel lanthanum compound, La(XT), in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Methods Twenty-four ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups receiving a research diet with/without treatment compounds (alendronate: 3 mg/kg; La(XT) 100 mg/kg) for three months. At the time of sacrifice, the kidney, liver, brain, lung and spleen were collected for histological examination. The trabecular bone structure of the tibiae was evaluated using micro-CT and a three-point metaphyseal mechanical test was used to evaluate bone failure load and stiffness. Results No significant differences were noted in plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the La(XT) treatment compared to the non-treated OVX group. Alendronate-treated animals (positive control) showed higher BV/TV, Tb.N and lower Tb.Th and Tb.Sp when compared to the non-treated OVX group. Mechanical analysis indicated that stiffness was higher in the alendronate (32.88%, p = 0.04) when compared to the non-treated OVX group. Failure load did not differ among the groups. Conclusions No kidney or liver toxicities of La(XT) treatments were found during the three-month study. The absence of liver and kidney toxicity with drug treatment for 3 months, as well as the increased trabecular bone stiffness are encouraging for the pursuit of further studies with La(XT) for a longer duration of time.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV/TV, bone volume fraction
- CRF, chronic renal failure
- Ca2+, calcium
- Cr, creatinine
- HAP, hydroxyapatite
- La(XT)
- La3+, lanthanum
- Lanthanum
- OVX
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteoporosis
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Di
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Jaweria Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Munawar Ali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ahmad Al-Dissi
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Nima Ashjaee
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wubin Cheng
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - James Johnston
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - David M Weekes
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Taylor S, Hu R, Pacheco E, Locher K, Pyrah I, Ominsky MS, Boyce RW. Differential time-dependent transcriptional changes in the osteoblast lineage in cortical bone associated with sclerostin antibody treatment in ovariectomized rats. Bone Rep 2018; 8:95-103. [PMID: 29955627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of sclerostin with sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) results in stimulation of bone formation on cancellous (Cn), endocortical (Ec), and periosteal (Ps) surfaces in rodents and non-human primates. With long-term dosing of Scl-Ab, the increase in bone formation is not sustained, attenuating first on Cn surfaces and later on Ec and Ps surfaces. In Cn bone, the attenuation in bone formation (self-regulation) is associated with transcriptional changes in the osteocyte (OCy) that would limit mitogenesis and are sustained with continued dosing. The expression changes in Cn OCy occur coincident with a decrease in osteoprogenitor (OP) numbers that may directly or indirectly be a consequence of the transcriptional changes in the OCy to limit OP proliferation. To characterize the Scl-Ab–mediated changes in cortical (Ct) bone and compare these changes to Cn bone, densitometric, histomorphometric, and transcriptional analyses were performed on femur diaphyses from aged ovariectomized rats. Animals were administered 50 mg/kg/wk of Scl-Ab or vehicle for up to 6 months (183 days), followed by a treatment-free period (up to 126 days). Scl-Ab increased Ct mass and area through day 183, which declined slightly when treatment was discontinued. Ps and Ec bone formation was sustained through the dosing on both Ct surfaces, with evidence of a decline in bone formation only at day 183 on the Ec surface. This is in contrast to Cn bone, where reduced bone formation was observed after day 29. TaqMan analysis of 60 genes with functional roles in the bone using mRNA isolated from laser capture micro-dissection samples enriched for Ec osteoblasts and Ct OCy suggest a pattern of gene expression in Ct bone that differed from Cn, especially in the OCy, and that corresponded to observed differences in the timing of phenotypic changes. Notable with Scl-Ab treatment was a “transcriptional switch” in Ct OCy at day 183, coincident with the initial decline in bone formation on the endocortex. A consistent sustained increase of expression for most genes in response to Scl-Ab was observed from day 8 through day 85 at the times of maximal bone formation on both Ct surfaces; however, at day 183, this increase was reversed, with expression of these genes generally returning to control values or decreasing compared to vehicle. Genes exhibiting this pattern included Wnt inhibitors Sost and Dkk1, though both had been up-regulated until the end of dosing in Cn OCy. Changes in cell cycle genes such as Cdkn1a and Ndrg1 in Ct OCy suggested up-regulation of p53 signaling, as observed in Cn OCy; however, unlike in Cn bone, p53 signaling was not associated with decreased bone formation and was absent at day 183, when bone formation began to decline on the Ec surface. These data demonstrate involvement of similar molecular pathways in Ct and Cn bone in response to Scl-Ab but with a different temporal relationship to bone formation and suggest that the specific mechanism underlying self-regulation of Scl-Ab–induced bone formation may be different between Cn and Ct bone. Sclerostin antibody stimulates bone formation that attenuates over time. Attenuation (self-regulation) is delayed in cortical versus cancellous bone. Self-regulation coincides with transcriptional changes in cortical osteocytes. Response of Wnt inhibitors differs between cortical and cancellous bone. Results suggest a distinct mechanism for self-regulation in cortical bone.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Anabolics
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- BS, bone surface
- Bone
- Cn, cancellous
- Ct, cortical
- Ec, endocortical
- Ec.Pm, endocortical perimeter
- LC, lining cells
- LCM, laser capture micro-dissection
- MS/BS, mineralizing surface
- OB, osteoblast(s)
- OCy, osteocyte(s)
- OP, osteoprogenitor(s)
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteoporosis
- Ps, periosteal
- Ps.Pm, periosteal perimeter
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- Scl-Ab, sclerostin antibody
- Scl-AbVI, 50 mg/kg of a Scl-Ab
- TFP, treatment-free period
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TP, treatment period
- Therapeutics
- VEH, vehicle
- Wnt signaling
- pQCT, peripheral quantitative computed tomography
- s.c., subcutaneous
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Boyce RW, Brown D, Felx M, Mellal N, Locher K, Pyrah I, Ominsky MS, Taylor S. Decreased osteoprogenitor proliferation precedes attenuation of cancellous bone formation in ovariectomized rats treated with sclerostin antibody. Bone Rep 2018; 8:90-94. [PMID: 29955626 PMCID: PMC6020110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) stimulates bone formation, which with long-term treatment, attenuates over time. The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of bone formation are not well understood, but in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats, the reduction in vertebral cancellous bone formation is preceded by a reduction in osteoprogenitor (OP) number and significant induction of signaling pathways known to suppress mitogenesis and cell cycle progression in the osteocyte (OCy) (Taylor et al., 2016). To determine if the reduction in OP number is associated with a decrease in proliferation, aged OVX rats were administered vehicle or Scl-Ab for 9 or 29 days and implanted with continuous-delivery 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) mini-osmotic pumps 5 days prior to necropsy. The total number of BrdU-labeled osteoblasts (OB) was quantified in vertebral cancellous bone to indirectly assess the effects of Scl-Ab treatment on OP proliferation at the time of activation of modeling-based bone formation at day 9 and at the time of maximal mineralizing surface, initial decrease in OP number, and transcriptional changes in the OCy at day 29. Compared with vehicle, Scl-Ab resulted in an increase in the total number of BrdU-positive OB (+260%) at day 9 that decreased with continued treatment (+50%) at day 29. These differences in proliferation occurred at time points when the increase in total OB number was significant and similar in magnitude. These findings suggest that reduced OP proliferation contributes to the decrease in OP numbers, an effect that would limit the OB pool and contribute to the attenuation of bone formation that occurs with long-term Scl-Ab treatment. Sclerostin antibody stimulates bone formation (BF) that attenuates over time. Osteoprogenitor (OP) proliferation increases early with treatment. Attenuation of BF is preceded by a decrease in OP proliferation. Decrease is coincident with molecular signaling consistent with cell cycle arrest. Decreased OP proliferation contributes to the attenuation of BF.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Anabolics
- Bone
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- CDKN1A, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
- CDKN2A, CDKN inhibitor 2A
- CE, coefficient of error
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Cell signaling
- D, day
- E2F1, E2F transcription factor 1
- FOXM1, Forkhead box protein M1
- MS/BS, mineralizing surface per bone surface
- MYC, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog
- MYCN, MYC neuroblastoma-derived homolog
- OB, osteoblast(s)
- OCy, osteocyte(s)
- OP, osteoprogenitor(s)
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ob.N, OB number
- Osteoporosis
- Osteoprogenitors
- PROBE, precision range of an optimally balanced estimator
- RB1, retinoblastoma protein 1
- RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2
- SURS, systematic uniform random sampling
- Scl-Ab, sclerostin antibody
- Scl-AbVI, 50 mg/kg of a Scl-Ab
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- VEH, vehicle
- Wnt signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogely Waite Boyce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Danielle Brown
- Charles River Laboratories, 4025 Stirrup Creek Drive, Suite 150, Durham, NC 27703, United States
| | - Melanie Felx
- Charles River Laboratories, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, QC H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Nacera Mellal
- Charles River Laboratories, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, QC H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Kathrin Locher
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Ian Pyrah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Michael S Ominsky
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Scott Taylor
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
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Kim JY, Lee MS, Baek JM, Park J, Youn BS, Oh J. Massive elimination of multinucleated osteoclasts by eupatilin is due to dual inhibition of transcription and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Bone Rep 2015; 3:83-94. [PMID: 28377971 PMCID: PMC5365243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an aging-associated disease requiring better therapeutic modality. Eupatilin is a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants such as Artemisia princeps and Artemisia argyi which has been reported to possess various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity. Complete blockade of RANK-dependent osteoclastogenesis was accomplished upon stimulation prior to the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)-ligand (RANKL) treatment or post-stimulation of bone marrow macrophages (BMCs) in the presence of RANKL with eupatilin. This blockade was accompanied by inhibition of rapid phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, ERK and IκB as well as downregulation of c-Fos and NFATc1 at protein, suggesting that transcriptional suppression is a key mechanism for anti-osteoclastogenesis. Transient reporter assays or gain of function assays confirmed that eupatilin was a potent transcriptional inhibitor in osteoclasts (OC). Surprisingly, when mature osteoclasts were cultured on bone scaffolds in the presence of eupatilin, bone resorption activity was also completely blocked by dismantling the actin rings, suggesting that another major acting site of eupatilin is cytoskeletal rearrangement. The eupatilin-treated mature osteoclasts revealed a shrunken cytoplasm and accumulation of multi-nuclei, eventually becoming fibroblast-like cells. No apoptosis occurred. Inhibition of phosphorylation of cofilin by eupatilin suggests that actin may play an important role in the morphological change of multinucleated cells (MNCs). Human OC similarly responded to eupatilin. However, eupatilin has no effects on osteoblast differentiation and shows cytotoxicity on osteoblast in the concentration of 50 μM. When eupatilin was administered to LPS-induced osteoporotic mice after manifestation of osteoporosis, it prevented bone loss. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice remarkably exhibited bone protection effects. Taken together, eupatilin is an effective versatile therapeutic intervention for osteoporosis via; 1) transcriptional suppression of c-Fos and NFATc1 of differentiating OC and 2) inhibition of actin rearrangement of pathogenic MNCs. Eupatilin exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on differentiation of mouse and human osteoclasts. Eupatilin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via modulation of both transcriptional repression and actin polymerization. Eupatilin treatment shows preventive or therapeutic modality for osteoporosis in LPS-induced and OVX-induced bone loss mice model. Eupatilin may be a potential therapeutic treatment for excessive osteoclastic bone diseases.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- Actin depolymerization;
- BMCs, bone marrow cells
- BMMs, bone marrow macrophages
- Cytoskeletal rearrangement
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDACis, Histone deacetylase inhibitors
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MNCs, multinucleated cells
- NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
- OB, osteoblasts
- OC, osteoclasts
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteoclastogenesis;
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RANK, the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB
- RANKL, RANK ligand
- SD, standard deviation
- SE, standard error
- SOST, sclerostin
- TBST, tris-buffered saline contacting 0.1% Tween-20
- TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate
- Transcriptional repression;
- XTT, sodium3’-[1-(phenyl-aminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)
- α-MEM, α-minimum essential medium
- μCT, micro-computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Youn
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 877 Bangeojinsunwhando-ro, Dong-Ku, Ulsan 682-714, Republic of Korea; OsteoNeuroGen 40 MiKeum-ro, Bundang, Kyunggi 461-871, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Jian J, Sun L, Cheng X, Hu X, Liang J, Chen Y. Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside stimulates osteoblast differentiation through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:454-60. [PMID: 26579475 PMCID: PMC4629440 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoflavone calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) is a principal constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (AR) and has been reported to inhibit osteoclast development in vitro and bone loss in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effects of CG and its underlying mechanism in ST2 cells. The results show that exposure of cells to CG in osteogenic differentiation medium increases ALP activity, osteocalcin (Ocal) mRNA expression and the osteoblastic mineralization process. Mechanistically, CG treatment increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), p-Smad 1/5/8, β-catenin and Runx2, all of which are regulators of the BMP- or wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin-signaling pathways. Moreover, the osteogenic effects of CG were inhibited by Noggin and DKK-1 which are classical inhibitors of the BMP and WNT/β-catenin-signaling pathways, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that CG promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways. On this basis, CG may be a useful lead compound for improving the treatment of bone-decreasing diseases and enhancing bone regeneration.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AR, Astragalus membranaceus
- BMP signaling pathway
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CG, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside
- Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside
- DKK-1, dickkopf-1
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- HAase, hyaluronidase
- IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- OBM, osteogenic differentiation medium
- OPN, osteopontin
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ocal, osteocalcin
- Osteoblastic differentiation
- PVDF, polyvinylidine fluoride
- ST2 cells
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- WNT, wingless-type MMTV integration site family
- WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 88663882.
| | | | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 88668070.
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