1
|
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) at Admission Predicts Mortality in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis (SAH). J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:225-232. [PMID: 36950492 PMCID: PMC10025676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a grave condition, and the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) further jeopardizes patient survival. However, the impact of AKI on survival in SAH has not been assessed from this region of Asia. Materials and methods This study was conducted on consecutive alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) patients hospitalized in Gastroenterology Department, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India, between October 2016 and December 2018. On diagnosis of SAH (mDF score ≥32), demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded, and survival was compared between patients with and without AKI (AKIN criteria). In addition, survival was compared among SAH patients defined by other criteria and prognostic models in the presence and absence of AKI. Results 309 (70.71%) of ALD patients had SAH, and 201 (65%) of them had AKI. SAH patients with AKI had higher total leucocyte count, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, serum urea, INR, MELD (UNOS), MELD (Na+), CTP score, mDF score, Glasgow score, ABIC score, and increased prevalence of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) as per EASL-CLIF Consortium criteria (P < 0.001). Further, they had prolonged hospital stay, and increased death during hospitalization, at 28 days as well as 90 days (P < 0.001). Significant differences in survival were also seen in SAH (as per MELD, ABIC, and GAHS criteria) patients above the marked cut offs in respect to AKI. Conclusions Over two-thirds of ALD patients had SAH, and about two-thirds had AKI. Patients with SAH and AKI had an increased prevalence of ACLF, longer hospital stay, and increased mortality during hospitalization at 28 days and 90 days. Lay summary SAH is a critical condition, and the presence of AKI negatively affects their survival. Hence, early identification of SAH and AKI, as well as early initiation of treatment, is crucial for better survival. Our study from the coastal part of eastern India is the first to demonstrate the prevalence of SAH among patients with ALD along with the prevalence of AKI among SAH patients in this region. This knowledge will be helpful in managing these patients from this region of world.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABIC, Age serum, bilirubin, INR, and serum creatinine
- ACLF, Acute on chronic liver failure
- AH, Alcoholic hepatitis
- AKI, Acute kidney injury
- AKIN, Acute kidney injury network
- ALD, Alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- CS, Corticosteroids
- CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh
- EASL-CLIF Consortium, European Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure
- GAHS, Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score
- HE, Hepatic encephalopathy
- INR, International normalized ratio
- MDRI, Multidrug-resistant infection
- MELD, Model for end-stage liver disease
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTX, Pentoxifylline
- SAH, Severe alcoholic hepatitis
- SCr, Serum creatinine
- SIRS, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- alcohol-associated liver disease
- mDF, Modified Maddrey discriminant function
- modified maddrey discriminant function
- severe alcoholic hepatitis
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
COVID-19 patients have presented with a wide range of neurological disorders, among which stroke is the most devastating. We have reviewed current studies, case series, and case reports with a focus on COVID-19 patients complicated with stroke, and presented the current understanding of stroke in this patient population. As evidenced by increased D-dimer, fibrinogen, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces coagulopathy, disrupts endothelial function, and promotes hypercoagulative state. Collectively, it predisposes patients to cerebrovascular events. Additionally, due to the unprecedented strain on the healthcare system, stroke care has been inevitably compromised. The underlying mechanism between COVID-19 and stroke warrants further study, so does the development of an effective therapeutic or preventive intervention.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- CPR, C-reactive protein
- CVD, Cerebrovascular disease
- Cerebrovascular diseases
- DIC, Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- ICH, Intracranial hemorrhage
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
- NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
- PT, Prothrombin time
- SARS-CoV-1, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Stroke
- TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- aPL, Antiphospholipid
- aPTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- rt-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- vWF, Von Willebrand Factor
Collapse
|
3
|
Metabolomics reveals sex-specific metabolic shifts and predicts the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients during recovery process. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1863-1873. [PMID: 33841749 PMCID: PMC8021501 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling in COVID-19 patients has been associated with disease severity, but there is no report on sex-specific metabolic changes in discharged survivors. Herein we used an integrated approach of LC-MS-and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolic characteristics in men and women with non-severe COVID-19 at both acute period and 30 days after discharge. The results demonstrate that metabolic alterations in plasma of COVID-19 patients during the recovery and rehabilitation process were presented in a sex specific manner. Overall, the levels of most metabolites were increased in COVID-19 patients after the cure relative to acute period. The major plasma metabolic changes were identified including fatty acids in men and glycerophosphocholines and carbohydrates in women. In addition, we found that women had shorter length of hospitalization than men and metabolic characteristics may contribute to predict the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Collectively, this study shed light on sex-specific metabolic shifts in non-severe COVID-19 patients during the recovery process, suggesting a sex bias in prognostic and therapeutic evaluations based on metabolic profiling.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AP, Acute period (AP)
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- BCAAs, Branched‐chain amino acids
- BP, Blood platelet
- CA, Carbamide
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Novel coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DAA, Dehydroascorbic acid
- DD, D-dimer
- DP, Diastolic pressure
- FIB, Fibrinogen
- FP, Follow-up period
- Fatty acid
- GPCs, Glycerophosphocholines
- HGB, Hemoglobin
- LY, Lymphocyte
- Metabolism
- NG, Neutrophilic granulocyte
- NK, Natural killer
- PCT, Procalcitonin
- PLS-DA, Partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- PLSR, Partial least squares regression
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTC, Phosphatidylcholine
- RDW, Red cell distribution width
- RR, Respiratory rate
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SARS-CoV
- Sex difference
- TBL, Total B lymphocyte
- TTL, Total T lymphocyte
- WBC, White blood cell
Collapse
|
4
|
Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury at a Tertiary Hospital in South India: A Single-Centre Experience. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:163-170. [PMID: 33746440 PMCID: PMC7952999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of acute liver failure with significant morbidity and mortality. The outcome of DILI varies widely according to the drug implicated and the type of liver injury. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of liver injury, knowledge on clinical course and prognosis of DILI is limited. We had undertaken this study to determine the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in patients with DILI. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted from January 2015 through December 2018. We analyzed the drugs implicated, clinical course, and the outcome. Causality assessment was performed by using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method scoring. Patients were followed for 6 months until recovery/death or liver transplantation. RESULTS There were 133 cases with DILI. The mean age was 47.6 years, and 51.9% of them were men. Drugs causing DILI were antitubercular drugs (37.5%) followed by neuropsychiatric drugs (16.5%), antibiotics/antifungals (12%), complementary and alternative medicine (10.5%), immunomodulatory/chemotherapeutic drugs (10.5%), and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (7.5%). Eighty-two (61.6%) patients were classified as hepatocellular, 30 (22.5%) as mixed and 21 (15.7%) as cholestatic type of injury. There was no significant difference in the mortality and morbidity between the three types of liver injury. There were 18 deaths (13.5%), of which antitubercular drugs constituted the majority (55.5%) followed by neuropsychiatric drugs (27.7%) and complementary and alternative medicine (16.6%). Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score >28, mean international normalized ratio (INR) >1.97, mean bilirubin level >15.6 mg/dl, and creatinine level >1.35 mg/dl were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION Although DILI is uncommon, it has significant morbidity and mortality. Antitubercular drugs were the most common cause for DILI and DILI-related mortality in our study. Variables such as MELD, INR, bilirubin, albumin, and creatinine help in predicting severity of liver injury and may help in triaging the patient for referral for liver transplantation.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALF, Acute liver failure
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- ATT, Antitubercular therapy
- BMI, Body mass index
- CAM, Complementary and alternative medicine
- DILI
- DILI, Drug induced liver injury
- DOTS, Directly observed therapy short course
- DRESS, Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
- Hb, Hemoglobin
- INR, International normalized ratio
- LFT, Liver function test
- MELD, Model for end stage liver disease
- MRCP, Magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography
- NSAID, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PT, Prothrombin time
- RBS, Random blood sugar
- RUCAM, Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method
- SD, Standard deviation
- ULN, Upper limit normal
- WBC, White blood cell
- antitubercular drugs
- complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
- mortality
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Sickle hepatopathy is an umbrella term describing various pattern of liver injury seen in patients with sickle cell disease. The disease is not uncommon in India; in terms of prevalence, India is second only to Sub-Saharan Africa where sickle cell disease is most prevalent. Hepatic involvement in sickle cell disease is not uncommon. Liver disease may result from viral hepatitis and iron overload due to multiple transfusions of blood products or due to disease activity causing varying changes in vasculature. The clinical spectrum of disease ranges from ischemic injury due to sickling of red blood cells in hepatic sinusoids, pigment gall stones, and acute/chronic sequestration syndromes. The sequestration syndromes are usually episodic and self-limiting requiring conservative management such as antibiotics and intravenous fluids or packed red cell transfusions. However, rarely these episodes may present with coagulopathy and encephalopathy like acute liver failure, which are life-threatening, requiring exchange transfusions or even liver transplantation. However, evidence for their benefits, optimal indications, and threshold to start exchange transfusion is limited. Similarly, there is paucity of the literature regarding the end point of exchange transfusion in this scenario. Liver transplantation may also be beneficial in end-stage liver disease. Hydroxyurea, the antitumor agent, which is popularly used to prevent life-threatening complications such as acute chest syndrome or stroke in these patients, has been used only sparingly in hepatic sequestrations. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into epidemiology of sickle cell disease in India and pathogenesis and classification of hepatobiliary involvement in sickle cell disease. Finally, various management options including exchange transfusion, liver transplantation, and hydroxyurea in hepatic sequestration syndromes will be discussed in brief.
Collapse
Key Words
- AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
- ACLF, Acute on chronic liver failure
- ALF, Acute liver failure
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- FFP, Fresh frozen plasma
- GIT, Gastrointestinal tract
- HAV, Hepatitis A virus
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HEV, Hepatitis E virus
- HIC, Hepatic iron content
- HbS, Sickle hemoglobin
- HbSS, Sickle cell disease homozygous
- INR, International normalized ratio
- PT, Prothrombin time
- RUQ, Right upper quadrant
- SC, Scheduled caste
- SCD, Sickle cell disease
- SCIC, Sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis
- ST, Scheduled tribe
- TJLB, Transjugular liver biopsy
- UDCA, Ursodeoxycholic acid
- cholelithiasis
- intrahepatic cholestasis
- sickle cell hepatopathy
- sickle cholangiopathy
- sickle hepatic crisis
Collapse
|
6
|
A comprehensive multi-directional exploration of phytochemicals and bioactivities of flower extracts from Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Cassia fistula L. and Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100805. [PMID: 32984558 PMCID: PMC7495018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Cassia fistula L. and Lagerstroemia speciosa L. are three ornamental plants that produce colorful flowers. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals and bioactivities of methanolic extracts of flowers from Delonix regia (DrFME), Cassia fistula (CfFME), and Lagerstroemia speciosa (LsFME). The presence of ten different chemical classes in varying degrees was confirmed while qualitatively screened. During quantitative determination, LsFME possesses the highest amount of total phenolic (418.0 mg/g), flavonoid (50.8 mg/g), and tannin (256.3 mg/g) contents. The extracts showed excellent antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with the lowest IC50 value (41.51 μg/mL) displayed by LsFME. LsFME paralyzed the experimental worms at 2.95 min and killed at 3.96 min. DrFME was found to be more effective in thrombolytic (35.5% clot lysis) and anticoagulant activities. Negligible hemolytic activity (IC50 > 200 μg/mL) found for all extracts which suggest their less potential toxicity. The in vivo experiments revealed that the CfFME has the highest analgesic (64.34% pain inhibition) activity while LsFME has the highest antidiarrheal (70.27% inhibition) and antihyperglycemic (46.94% inhibition) activities at 400 mg/kg of body weight doses. This study has shown the presence of phytochemicals and potential bioactivities which indicates the possibility of these flowers to be used as a source of phytochemicals as well as safe and effective natural medicine.
Collapse
Key Words
- Bioefficacy
- CE, Catechin equivalent
- CfFME, Cassia fistula flower methanolic extract
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- DrFME, Delonix regia flower methanolic extract
- Flowers
- Folk medicine
- GAE, Gallic acid equivalent
- IC50, Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- LsFME, Lagerstroemia speciosa flower methanolic extract
- Mice model
- Ornamental plants
- PT, Prothrombin time
- Phytoconstituents
- SEM, Standard error of the mean
- TAE, Tannic acid equivalent
- TFC, Total flavonoid content
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- TTC, Total tannin content
- UV, Ultra-violet
- aPTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
Collapse
|
7
|
Repeated dose (90 days) oral toxicity study of ursolic acid in Han-Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:610-623. [PMID: 32435599 PMCID: PMC7229404 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid was administered at a dose of 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day. No Ursolic acid related effects were found after administrating orally for 90 days. The no observed adverse effect level is likely to be higher than 1000 mg/kg/day.
Background Ursolic acid (UA) has been used in alternative medicine for decades, and there has been a great interest in its medicinal properties. Despite this increased interest, a detailed long-term toxicity study has not been performed. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term toxic effect of UA on clinical chemistry, haematology, coagulation, pathology/morphology, behaviour and motor skills in rats. Methods A solution was made by dissolving UA in a mixture of 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in Milli-Q Water. The control group received the vehicle, and the test groups received a dose up to 1000 mg/kg/day via oral gavage. The solution was administered to both male and female (Han-Wistar) rats for 90 consecutive days. Results UA did not cause any deaths, abnormal body weights or abnormal pathology at all test doses. In addition to that, no toxicological changes were observed in behaviour, neurotoxicity, coagulation, haematology or clinical chemistry that are related to the administration of UA. Conclusion This study indicates that oral dosing of UA for 90 consecutive days does not lead to toxic effects at any of the doses. Therefore, the NOAEL for UA is likely to be higher than 1000 mg/kg/day.
Collapse
Key Words
- 90 days
- A/G, Albumin/globulin ratio
- ALB, Albumin
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BASO, Basophils
- CA, Calcium
- CHOL, Cholesterol
- CK, Creatine kinase
- CL, Chloride
- CREAT, Creatine
- EOS, Eosinophils
- FIB, Fibrogen
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- GLOB, Globulin
- GLUC, Glucose
- HGB, Haemoglobin
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- HPMC, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- K, Potassium
- LUC, Large unstained cells percent
- LYMPH, Lymphocytes
- MCH, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
- MCHC, Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCV, Mean corpuscular volume
- MONO, Monocytes percent
- N.V.L, No visible lesions
- NA, Sodium
- NEUT, Neutrophils percent
- NOEL, No observed effect level
- No observed adverse effect level
- OA, Oleanonic acid
- OECD
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PHOS, Inorganic phosphate
- PLT, Platelet count
- PT, Prothrombin time
- RBC, Red blood cell count
- RDWG, Red blood cell distribution width gated
- RETIC, Reticulocytes
- Repeated dose toxicity
- TBIL, Total bilirubin
- TPROT, Total protein
- TRIG, Triglycerides
- UA, Ursolic acid
- Ursolic acid
- WBC, White blood cell count
Collapse
|
8
|
Performance of 6 routine coagulation assays on the new Roche Cobas t711 analyzer. Pract Lab Med 2019; 17:e00146. [PMID: 31799361 PMCID: PMC6881685 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2019.e00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives For new analyzers or tests, analytical evaluation is required before implementation in the clinical laboratory. We evaluated the novel Roche Cobas t711 analyzer with six newly developed coagulation assays: the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen, d-dimer and anti-Xa. The evaluation included imprecision experiments, method comparison with the currently used Stago STA-R Evolution, monitoring of unfractionated heparin (UFH) with aPTT, a fast centrifugation protocol to improve turn-around time, and determination of sample stability in whole blood and plasma. Design and methods Imprecision and method comparison were assessed using commercial quality control samples and patient samples, respectively. For dose monitoring of UFH with the aPTT, samples from patients treated with UFH were used. Samples from healthy volunteers were collected for evaluation of the fast centrifugation protocol (5’ 2750×g) and for investigating sample stability over 6–8 h. Results Results for between-run precision were within the desirable specification. Method comparison showed an excellent agreement for fibrinogen, d-dimer and anti-Xa. For aPTT, PT and INR, a good correlation was found, but results were significantly lower on the t711 compared to the STA-R Evolution, which is caused by different coagulation activators. Results from the fast centrifugation protocol differed not significantly from the standard protocol (15’ 2500×g). Blood and plasma samples were stable at room temperature up to 6 and 8 h, respectively. Conclusions The t711 coagulation analyzer with 6 novel tests is suitable for routine use in clinical laboratories.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ropinirole hydrochloride remedy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, and open-label continuation phase I/IIa clinical trial (ROPALS trial). Regen Ther 2019; 11:143-166. [PMID: 31384636 PMCID: PMC6661418 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable and incurable neurological disease. It is a progressive disease characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness caused by selective vulnerability of upper and lower motor neurons. In disease research, it has been common to use mouse models carrying mutations in responsible genes for familial ALS as pathological models of ALS. However, there is no model that has reproduced the actual conditions of human spinal cord pathology. Thus, we developed a method of producing human spinal motor neurons using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and an innovative experimental technique for drug screening. As a result, ropinirole hydrochloride was eventually discovered after considering such results as its preferable transitivity in the brain and tolerability, including possible adverse reactions. Therefore, we explore the safety, tolerability and efficacy of ropinirole hydrochloride as an ALS treatment in this clinical trial. Methods The ROPALS trial is a single-center double-blind randomized parallel group-controlled trial of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the ropinirole hydrochloride extended-release tablet (Requip CR) at 2- to 16-mg doses in patients with ALS. Twenty patients will be recruited for the active drug group (fifteen patients) and placebo group (five patients). All patients will be able to receive the standard ALS treatment of riluzole if not changed the dosage during this trial. The primary outcome will be safety and tolerability at 24 weeks, defined from the date of randomization. Secondary outcome will be the efficacy, including any change in the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), change in the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS), and the composite endpoint as a sum of Z-transformed scores on various clinical items. Notably, we will perform an explorative search for a drug effect evaluation using the patient-derived iPSCs to prove this trial concept. Eligible patients will have El Escorial Possible, clinically possible and laboratory-supported, clinically probable, or clinically definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with disease duration less than 60 months (inclusive), an ALSFRS-R score ≥2 points on all items and age from 20 to 80 years. Conclusion Patient recruitment began in December 2018 and the last patient is expected to complete the trial protocol in November 2020. Trial registration Current controlled trials UMIN000034954 and JMA-IIA00397. Protocol version version 1.6 (Date; 5/Apr/2019).
Collapse
Key Words
- %FVC, Forced vital capacity
- 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine
- 8-OHdG, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- ADR, Adverse reaction
- AE, Adverse effect
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- ALSAQ-40, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire-40
- ALSFRS-R, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CAFS, Combined Assessment of Function and Survival
- CK, Creatine kinase
- CPK, Creatine phosphokinase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTCAE, Common terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
- EDC, Electronic data capture
- FALS, Familial ALS
- FAS, Full analysis set
- GCP, Good clinical practice
- HBs, Hepatitis B surface
- HCG, Human chorionic gonadotropin
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- HTLV-1, Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
- IRB, Institutional review board
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- MMT, Manual muscle testing
- NfL, Neurofilament light chain
- PPS, Per protocol set
- PT, Prothrombin time
- QOL, Quality of life
- Requip CR
- Ropinirole hydrochloride
- SAE, Severe adverse effect
- SALS, sporadic ALS
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TDP-43, Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43
- TPHA, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination
- iPSC-drug discovery
Collapse
|
10
|
Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver-Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India Position Statement on Management of Liver Diseases in Pregnancy. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:383-406. [PMID: 31360030 PMCID: PMC6637074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases occurring during pregnancy can be serious and can progress rapidly, affecting outcomes for both the mother and fetus. They are a common cause of concern to an obstetrician and an important reason for referral to a hepatologist, gastroenterologist, or physician. Liver diseases during pregnancy can be divided into disorders unique to pregnancy, those coincidental with pregnancy, and preexisting liver diseases exacerbated by pregnancy. A rapid differential diagnosis between liver diseases related or unrelated to pregnancy is required so that specialist and urgent management of these conditions can be carried out. Specific Indian guidelines for the management of these patients are lacking. The Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver (INASL) in association with the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI) had set up a taskforce for development of consensus guidelines for management of patients with liver diseases during pregnancy, relevant to India. For development of these guidelines, a two-day roundtable meeting was held on 26-27 May 2018 in New Delhi, to discuss, debate, and finalize the consensus statements. Only those statements that were unanimously approved by most members of the taskforce were accepted. The primary objective of this review is to present the consensus statements approved jointly by the INASL and FOGSI for diagnosing and managing pregnant women with liver diseases. This article provides an overview of liver diseases occurring in pregnancy, an update on the key mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, and the recommended treatment options.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABCB4, ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4
- AFLP, Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- ALF, Acute liver failure
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, Alanine transferase
- ART, Antiretroviral therapy
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BCS, Budd-Chiari syndrome
- CT, Computerized tomography
- DIC, Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPTA, Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
- ERCP, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FOGSI, Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation
- HBIG, Hepatitis B immune globulin
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HBeAg, Hepatitis B envelope antigen
- HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HELLP syndrome
- HELLP, Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count
- HG, Hyperemesis gravidarum
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- HV, Hepatic vein
- ICP, Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- INASL, Indian National Association for the Study of Liver
- IVF, In vitro fertilization
- LFT, Liver function test
- MDR, Multidrug resistance
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MTCT, Mother-to-child transmission
- NA, Nucleos(t)ide analog
- PIH, Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PUQE, Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis
- PegIFN, Pegylated interferon
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- TAF, Tenofovir alafenamide
- TDF, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- TIPS, Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
- UDCA, Ursodeoxycholic acid
- UGI, Upper gastrointestinal
- ULN, Upper limit of normal
- acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- hyperemesis gravidarum
- intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- liver diseases in pregnancy
Collapse
|
11
|
Unusual complication of bronchoscopy. Respir Med Case Rep 2016; 19:173-176. [PMID: 27766201 PMCID: PMC5066296 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, the field of bronchoscopy has become increasingly more complex and invasive. It is now widely used in the management of pulmonary diseases and has the benefit of low mortality and complication rates. Overall incidence of complications and mortality reported ranges around 1% and 0.02% respectively. Common complications of bronchoscopy include pulmonary haemorrhage, desaturation, pneumothorax, and pulmonary oedema. However, facial and neck petechiae associated with subcutaneous hemorrhage post-bronchoscopy has not been reported before in the literature. We hereby report two novel cases of facial/neck petechiae post-bronchoscopy as a complication to be recognized by bronchoscopists. It is essential that bronchoscopists recognise such phenomenon as the clinical presentation is visually alarming to both the patient and clinician. It is usually self-resolving. However such presentation after bronchoscopy may trigger extensive and unnecessary investigations from the physician.
Collapse
Key Words
- BAL, Bronchoaveolar lavage
- Bronchoscopy
- COX, Cyclooxygenase
- CT, Computed Tomography
- Complications
- FBC, Full blood count
- Facial petechiae
- Hb, Haemoglobin
- INR, International normalised ratio
- NSAID, Non Steriodal Anti – Inflammatory Drug
- OGD, Oesophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTT, Partial thromboplastin time
Collapse
|