Digital game addiction of preschool children in the Covid-19 pandemic: social emotional development and parental guidance

The Covid 19 pandemic has caused children to spend more time at home and an increase in their digital addiction tendencies. Children's digital game addictions were affected by parents' strategies and negatively affected their social and emotional development. The study was carried out in order to determine the digital game addiction tendency levels of children and the strategies applied by the parents, and to examine the correlation between the results obtained and the social-emotional development of the children. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. 142 children attending pre-school education for 60-72 months were included in the study. Personal Information Form, Digital Game Addiction Tendency Scale, Digital Game Parental Mediation Scale and Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional were used. As a result, the increase in digital game addiction in children has negatively affected social and emotional development. The level of digital game addiction tendency is associated with parents' digital game manipulation strategies. Active parental guidance strategy prevented children's digital game addiction tendency, while digital oriented guidance and free parental strategies increased addiction tendency.

Infant sleep as a topic in healthcare guidance of parents, prenatally and the first 6 months after birth: a scoping review

Background

This scoping review focuses on infant sleep-related factors and themes that are relevant when health practitioners provide preventive health services to expectant and new parents.

Methods

A systematic literature search in CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO, published in 2010 or later, identified 1661 records. The search was further narrowed to focus on sleep in healthy term-born infants until the second half of the first year of life. A blinded review by both authors covered 136 papers, of which 43 papers were reviewed in the full text. Finally, 38 articles were included in the data extraction.

Results

The analysis process showed that the selected studies formed three main information categories: 11 studies thematised safe infant sleep issues, 10 studies described design and findings from sleep-related intervention studies, and 17 studies focused on different parent-child interactive aspects that may influence the quality and duration of infant sleep in the first six months of life.

The main finding is that knowledge about early infant sleep is very complex, and includes both child, parent, and environmental factors. Several studies have shown that the concepts and factors related to safe infant sleep also influence the development of healthy infant sleep patterns. Thus, these aspects are interwoven with each other and should be addressed together in communication with parents.

Conclusions

Health practitioners with different professional backgrounds need to search for an agreement on when and how different aspects of sleep-related knowledge should be communicated to new and expectant parents to enable the design of national follow-up programs. Parents want coherent and personalized services regarding infant sleep issues that may allow them to choose sleeping arrangements, routines, and behaviors that fit in with their sociocultural attitudes and traditions. Many different sources and formats may be used to empower parents regarding infant sleep issues. Studies have described the use of group or individual meetings, videos, and written materials. The key issue is the importance of consistent and seamless knowledge-based services.

The role of parents, other adults, peers and informal learning communities in shaping positive social media use in adolesent girls

Purpose

This study aims to introduce the concept of communities of social media practice where more experienced users provide guidance to female novice users, enacting a form of legitimate peripheral participation to "onboard" newcomers.

Design/methodology/approach

Through surveys with 968 early adolescents (average age was 13), the authors quantitatively explored sources and types of guidance for young social media users, popularity of conversation themes related to this guidance and how these conversations are associated with positive social media engagement. The authors qualitatively documented a case study of how a summer workshop of 17 students promotes positive social media use through a community of practice.

Findings

Although early adolescent girls reported that they more frequently talked to their parents about a wider range of social media topics, same-age peers and younger family members (e.g., siblings, cousins) were also frequent sources. Surprisingly, the authors also found that the source most strongly associated with positive social media use was the peer group. This case study of an intentional community of practice demonstrated how peers go from "peripheral" to "centered" in socializing each other for more positive social media use.

Originality/value

Unlike most prior scholarship on mediating social technology use, this study focuses on a critical developmental period (e.g. early adolescents), sources of guidance other than exclusively parents, explore the specific conversation topics that offer guidance and document an informal community of practice for girls that provides the training ground for peers and adult facilitators to codesign more positive social media spaces.

[Early mother-infant care, definition and effectiveness: A review of the literature]

OBJECTIVE

Professionals agree on the need for early joint mother-baby care, but its effectiveness remains poorly studied. The aim of our work is to propose a review of the literature on this subject.

METHODS

We included randomized or non-randomized controlled clinical trials of interventions targeting the mother-baby dyad which can begin during pregnancy or during the first three years of life.

RESULTS

Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and focused on mother-baby psychotherapy, educational or guidance programs, care for premature infants, infant massage, and home visits. The results show an improvement of the quality of the interactions whatever the type of approach, but according to different indications or modalities. The heterogeneity of intervention methods and indications make the comparison of results almost impossible.

CONCLUSION

This work highlights the lack of consensus on mother-child care methods, both for their indications and their effectiveness. The isolated evaluation of interactions is an insufficient criterion for judging the effectiveness of care. Finally, whatever the theoretical models, the interventions must take into account the environment of the child.

Culture and emotion perception: comparing Canadian and Japanese children's and parents' context sensitivity

Prior research on the perception of facial expressions suggests that East Asians are more likely than North Americans to incorporate the expressions of background figures into their judgment of a central figure's emotion (Masuda et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 94:365-381, 2008b). However, little research has examined this issue in the context of developmental science, especially during joint sessions where parents engage in a task in front of their 7-8-year-old children. In this study, 22 Canadian and 20 Japanese child-parent dyads participated in an emotion judgment task, and were asked to judge a central figure's emotion and explain their reasoning. The results indicated that while early elementary school children did not show culturally dominant reasoning styles, parents displayed culturally dominant modes of attention, serving as models for their children.