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Bone Marrow Adiposity in Models of Radiation- and Aging-Related Bone Loss Is Dependent on Cellular Senescence. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:997-1011. [PMID: 35247283 PMCID: PMC9526878 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cellular senescence have been associated with reduced osteoprogenitors in a reciprocal fashion to bone marrow adipocyte tissue (BMAT); however, a direct (causal) link between cellular senescence and BMAT is still elusive. Accumulation of senescent cells occur in naturally aged and in focally radiated bone tissue, but despite amelioration of age- and radiation-associated bone loss after senescent cell clearance, molecular events that precede BMAT accrual are largely unknown. Here we show by RNA-Sequencing data that BMAT-related genes were the most upregulated gene subset in radiated bones of C57BL/6 mice. Using focal radiation as a model to understand age-associated changes in bone, we performed a longitudinal assessment of cellular senescence and BMAT. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), RNA in situ hybridization of p21 transcripts and histological assessment of telomere dysfunction as a marker of senescence, we observed an increase in senescent cell burden of bone cells from day 1 postradiation, without the presence of BMAT. BMAT was significantly elevated in radiated bones at day 7, confirming the qRT-PCR data in which most BMAT-related genes were elevated by day 7, and the trend continued until day 42 postradiation. Similarly, elevation in BMAT-related genes was observed in bones of aged mice. The senolytic cocktail of Dasatinib (D) plus Quercetin (Q) (ie, D + Q), which clears senescent cells, reduced BMAT in aged and radiated bones. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) linked with senescence marker p21 were downregulated in radiated and aged bones, whereas miR-27a, a miR that is associated with increased BMAT, was elevated both in radiated and aged bones. D + Q downregulated miR-27a in radiated bones at 42 days postradiation. Overall, our study provides evidence that BMAT occurrence in oxidatively stressed bone environments, such as radiation and aging, is induced following a common pathway and is dependent on the presence of senescent cells. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Epigenetic DNA methylation in radiation biology: on the field or on the sidelines? J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:212-7. [PMID: 25186310 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been studied with regard to chemotherapeutics for a number of years. The radiation field has just begun to look at this in the context of radiotherapy or radiation exposure. So far, the data suggest that radiation induces epigenetic reprogramming which indicates a purposeful response that influences the cell fate or alters the response to future exposure. Further studies may result in discovery of biomarkers for radiotherapy outcome or prediction of the degree of radiation resistance. Past and ongoing development of DNMT1 inhibitors that lead to DNA hypomethylation appear to sensitize many tumor types to radiation and may be an area with long term clinical implications.
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Single-Limb Ir radiation Induces Local and Systemic Bone Loss in a Murine Model. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1268-79. [PMID: 25588731 PMCID: PMC4478128 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased fracture risk is commonly reported in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, particularly at sites within the field of treatment. The direct and systemic effects of ionizing radiation on bone at a therapeutic dose are not well-characterized in clinically relevant animal models. Using 20-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice, effects of irradiation (right hindlimb; 2 Gy) on bone volume and microarchitecture were evaluated prospectively by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry and compared to contralateral-shielded bone (left hindlimb) and non-irradiated control bone. One week postirradiation, trabecular bone volume declined in irradiated tibias (-22%; p < 0.0001) and femurs (-14%; p = 0.0586) and microarchitectural parameters were compromised. Trabecular bone volume declined in contralateral tibias (-17%; p = 0.003), and no loss was detected at the femur. Osteoclast number, apoptotic osteocyte number, and marrow adiposity were increased in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated bone, whereas osteoblast number was unchanged. Despite no change in osteoblast number 1 week postirradiation, dynamic bone formation indices revealed a reduction in mineralized bone surface and a concomitant increase in unmineralized osteoid surface area in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated control bone. Further, dose-dependent and time-dependent calvarial culture and in vitro assays confirmed that calvarial osteoblasts and osteoblast-like MC3T3 cells were relatively radioresistant, whereas calvarial osteocyte and osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cell apoptosis was induced as early as 48 hours postirradiation (4 Gy). In osteoclastogenesis assays, radiation exposure (8 Gy) stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell differentiation, and coculture of irradiated RAW264.7 cells with MLO-Y4 or murine bone marrow cells enhanced this effect. These studies highlight the multifaceted nature of radiation-induced bone loss by demonstrating direct and systemic effects on bone and its many cell types using clinically relevant doses; they have important implications for bone health in patients treated with radiation therapy.
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Geographical variation in leukaemia mortality in relation to background radiation and other factors. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998; 1:1753-9. [PMID: 13812383 PMCID: PMC1967767 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5188.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The retina of Rana pipiens, the leopard frog or grass frog, is shown to be an extremely sensitive detector of x-rays. Its sensitivity to x-rays equals in some respects its sensitivity to visible light. The energy required for the response to visible light is so low that the reaction has long been known as one of the most sensitive in biological systems. An exact comparison is made of the amount of energy required in the stimulus to elicit an electroretinogram (ERG) in response to x-rays and in response to light. ERG's from threshold responses to maximal responses obtainable with x-rays and with light are reproduced. The rods of the retina are shown to be responsible for the production of the ERG. The actual amount of energy absorbed in the rhodopsin from x-ray and from light stimulation over a wide range of intensities and durations has been determined and has been related to the amplitude of the ERG. To the question whether light or x-rays are more efficient in eliciting an ERG, no simple or unequivocal answer can be given. The three dimensional relationship of amplitude of response, intensity of stimulus, and duration of stimulus shows rather unexpectedly that in certain regions light is more efficient while in other regions x-rays are more efficient.
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Abstract
The sterilization by radiation of disposable medical items has been investigated. Various vegetative and spore-bearing bacteria have been irradiated and results indicate that 2.5 Mrad can be recommended to give a high degree of sterility. Spores of B. pumilus (E.601) showed such resistance that it might be a suitable test organism for determining the efficiency of a radiation treatment. A high standard of packaging must be demanded for pre-sterilized products.
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DETERMINATION OF GOLD IN SERUM AND URINE BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 1996; 16:39-44. [PMID: 14124450 DOI: 10.3109/00365516409060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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HOST-CELL REACTIVATION OF LETHAL DAMAGE INDUCED BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND X-RAYS IN SERRATIA MARCESCENS HY AND ITS PHAGE KAPPA. Virology 1996; 24:518-20. [PMID: 14227061 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(64)90200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Studies on the use of gamma radiation for the elimination of salmonellae from whole egg, frozen horse-meat, desiccated coconut and bone meal show the extent to which the nature of the medium influences the resistance of these organisms to gamma radiation. There is also a variation in radiation resistance between different serotypes; S. typhi-murium was consistently the most resistant of those examined.Based on experiments with artificially inoculated or naturally contaminated products, and also on dose/survival curve data, the dose requirement for the elimination of salmonellae from frozen whole egg is estimated at 0·5 Mrad., which gives a 107 reduction in numbers of S. typhi-murium; for frozen horsemeat 0·65 Mrad., giving a 105 reduction; and for bone meal between 0·5 and 0·75 Mrad., giving between 105 and 108 reduction. A dose of 0·45 Mrad. appears effective for desiccated coconut, with a reduction of 103, but such a radiation dose affects the quality of this product.We are grateful to Dr E. S. Anderson of the Enteric Reference Laboratory for phage typing and for the provision of a strain of S. typhi-murium for experi ments. Also we thank Dr Joan Taylor of the Salmonella Reference Laboratory for the serological typing of salmonellae, and Miss M. E. Smith and other colleagues of the Food Hygiene Laboratory who carried out the routine bacteriological examination.We wish to thank Mr N. C. Roberts of J. Rannoch Ltd. for his co-operation in the large-scale frozen egg experiment, and also Mrs G. M. Ison of S. Wallace Ltd. in respect of the experiment on frozen horse-meat.
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THE TWIN THEORIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. Radiol Technol 1965; 37:56-62. [PMID: 14341233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[BASIC CONCEPTS FOR THE USE OF RADIOACTIVITY IN MEDICINE. A SURVEY]. RONTGENPRAXIS; ZEITSCHRIFT FUR RADIOLOGISCHE TECHNIK 1965; 18:139-43 CONTD. [PMID: 14312185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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GIOACCHINO FAILLA (1891-1961) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION BIOPHYSICS. J Nucl Med 1965; 6:377-82. [PMID: 14293051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN RADIATION BIOLOGY. TID-18616 (REV.). ORO [REPORTS]. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 1965:1-81. [PMID: 14281735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE AIR OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS]. GIGIENA I SANITARIIA 1965; 30:39-44. [PMID: 14308991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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A DISCUSSION OF THE APPROXIMATE NATURE OF THE EXPONENTIAL DECAY LAW AS APPLIED TO RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES AND GAMMA RAY ABSORPTION. HEALTH PHYSICS 1965; 11:179-183. [PMID: 14342806 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-196503000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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STUDIES ON X-AGENT. 63. CONVERSION OF ORDINARY LIGHT INTO X-AGENT. YOKOHAMA MEDICAL BULLETIN 1965; 16:17-30. [PMID: 14326359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY. REACTORS, TRACERS, ISOTOPES, DIAGNOSTIC METHODS, THERAPEUTICS, ATOMIC ENERGY]. ACTA IBERICA RADIOLOGICA-CANCEROLOGICA 1965; 20:61-5. [PMID: 14305935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[ON THE THEORY OF SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING OF X-RAYS BY RNA MOLECULES IN SOLUTION]. BIOFIZIKA 1965; 10:7-10. [PMID: 14332050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MEDICAL PHYSICS IN EDINBURGH. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS 1965; 4:45-7. [PMID: 14292703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[ROENTGENOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE COMPLEX OF 1-METHYL-5-BROMOURACIL WITH 9-METHYLADENINE]. BIOFIZIKA 1965; 10:165-6. [PMID: 14332028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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X-RAY AND ITS APPLICATION ACCORDING TO HOMEOPATHY AND THE LAW OF ARNDT-SCHULZ. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF HOMEOPATHY 1965; 58:24-5. [PMID: 14270639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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31
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[ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LUMINESCENCE OF RHODOPSIN AND THE VISIBILITY OF ROENTGEN RAYS]. BIOFIZIKA 1965; 10:189-91. [PMID: 14332039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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32
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BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF GAMMA RADIATION. TID-3580. ORO [REPORTS]. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 1965:1-88. [PMID: 14281736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE OAK RIDGE AREA. ORNL-3653. ORINS [REPORTS]. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 1964; 126:1-28. [PMID: 24547201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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35
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[DOSE DISTRIBUTION FOR 6 MV X-RAYS]. NIHON IGAKU HOSHASEN GAKKAI ZASSHI. NIPPON ACTA RADIOLOGICA 1964; 24:1100-4. [PMID: 14278342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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36
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STUDIES ON X-AGENT. XLI. EFFECT OF X-AGENT ON ALKALINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF NEUTRAL RED. YOKOHAMA MEDICAL BULLETIN 1964; 15:217-30. [PMID: 14279449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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37
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[SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT]. CONCOURS MEDICAL 1964; 86:6359-62. [PMID: 14229800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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38
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[FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOBIOLOGY]. RONTGENPRAXIS; ZEITSCHRIFT FUR RADIOLOGISCHE TECHNIK 1964; 17:248-60. [PMID: 14325145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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OUTLINE OF COURSES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED AREAS, UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. UR-650. UR [REPORTS]. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 1964; 45:1-92. [PMID: 14242774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[GENERAL IDEAS ON THE PHYSICS OF IONIZING RADIATION]. RIVISTA DI MEDICINA AERONAUTICA E SPAZIALE 1964; 27:505-17. [PMID: 14279401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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STUDIES ON X-AGENT. XL. SCATTERING OR REFLECTION OF X-AGENT BY A WALL. YOKOHAMA MEDICAL BULLETIN 1964; 15:195-200. [PMID: 14284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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THE ENERGY DEPOSITION IN A WATER-FILLED SPHERICAL PHANTOM BY SECONDARIES FROM HIGH-ENERGY PROTONS AND BY NEUTRONS. HEALTH PHYSICS 1964; 10:743-750. [PMID: 14226266 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-196410000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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BIOLOGY DATA BOOK. AMRL-TR-64-100. AMRL-TR. AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES (U.S.) 1964:1-631. [PMID: 14243645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MUTAGENESIS AND CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1964; 64:SUPPL 1:33-42. [PMID: 14218587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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[EFFECTS OF APPLIED VOLTAGE-WAVEFORMS AND CURRENT-WAVEFORMS OF X-RAY TUBES ON EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION OF RADIATION]. NIHON IGAKU HOSHASEN GAKKAI ZASSHI. NIPPON ACTA RADIOLOGICA 1964; 24:940-7. [PMID: 14243458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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47
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VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY IN THE BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH GROUP. LA-3132-MS. LA [REPORTS]. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 1964; 36:103-8. [PMID: 14275805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[PRIOR RADIATION EXPOSURE OF THE POPULATION IN UPPER AUSTRIA IN RELATION TO MORBIDITY STATISTICS]. DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE GERICHTLICHE MEDIZIN 1964; 55:148-55. [PMID: 14315011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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49
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PORDUCTION EXPERIENCES WITH RADIATION STERILIZATION. BULLETIN OF THE PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION 1964; 18:2-9. [PMID: 14210497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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50
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THE NATURE OF RADIATION FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN RELATION TO FLASHBLINDNESS. NADC-ML-6412. NADC-MR [REPORTS]. UNITED STATES. NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, JOHNSVILLE, PA. AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT 1964; 36:1-16. [PMID: 14274666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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