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Wang F, Wang J, Cao T, Ji X, Yan J, Ding S, Chen N. Seasonal hypoxia enhances sediment iron-bound phosphorus release in a subtropical river reservoir. Sci Total Environ 2024:173261. [PMID: 38761934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Dams worldwide commonly accelerate the eutrophication of reservoirs. While the seasonal hypoxia in deep reservoirs is widely acknowledged, there is limited research on its impact on benthic phosphorus (P) cycling and P fraction release from the reservoir sediments. Here we show that seasonal hypoxia enhances sediment P release and P fluxes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) which might alter P dynamics in deep reservoirs. We conducted a detailed measurement of sediment P fractions through the SEDEX approach, combined with a labile P gradient analysis using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique to understand P cycling patterns in sediments during the transition period from spring (oxic) to late summer (hypoxic) conditions. The sediment P pool was predominantly composed of iron-bound phosphorus (FeP, 76-80 %), primarily due to the widespread occurrence of lateritic red soil (rich in Fe2O3/MnO2) in subtropical areas. More organic-P was observed in summer compared to spring. A significant increase in labile P occurred at the depth of 0-4 cm and 0-1 cm in spring and summer, respectively, where sediment P release was primarily governed by the reduction of FeP and the generation of S2-. A higher apparent fluxes of phosphate across the SWI were observed in summer characterized by higher temperature and lower oxygen levels. The current results suggest that seasonal hypoxia was a crucial factor affecting P cycling and diffusion in deep reservoirs. These findings present important implications for the ecology and management of the watershed-coast ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Taotao Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiuwen Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Ahmed SS, Loewen MR, Zhang W, Ghobrial TR, Zhu DZ, Mahmood K, van Duin B. Field observations of stratification in stormwater wet ponds. J Environ Manage 2022; 322:115988. [PMID: 36058073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stratification is one of the fundamental physical processes that may have a significant impact on water quality in stormwater wet ponds. However, the role of thermal and chemical stratifications in governing water quality processes is not fully understood. This is in part due to the lack of detailed field measurements of sufficient governing parameters over time periods that span a wide range of environmental conditions. To fill this gap, a comprehensive 2-year field program was undertaken in two stormwater wet ponds in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, during the ice-free season from May to November in 2018 and 2019. At different locations in each pond, thermal and chemical stratifications were observed, thermocline depth and strength were determined, and continuous water velocity profiles were measured. In addition, the effect of local weather conditions on stratification, thermocline, and hydrodynamics was investigated. The results showed that the ponds had vertical water temperature differences >1 °C for 99% of the time, May to August. In addition, salt-laden inflows from road deicing salts led to strong chemical stratification up to five times stronger in the sediment forebays than in the main cells in spring. Wind-induced surface currents were insignificant, scaling at 0.3% of the wind speed with negligible impact on vertical mixing in the ponds. Our results demonstrate that the ponds' strong and prolonged stratification decreased pollutant retention capacity and caused the water at depth to become anoxic, degrading the quality of the water discharged downstream. Hence, additional consideration of stratification is required when designing new stormwater ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Ahmed
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mark R Loewen
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Tadros R Ghobrial
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David Z Zhu
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Khizar Mahmood
- Water Resources, City of Calgary, Mail Code #403, P.O. Box 2100, Station M, Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Bert van Duin
- Water Resources, City of Calgary, Mail Code #403, P.O. Box 2100, Station M, Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
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Uurasjärvi E, Pääkkönen M, Setälä O, Koistinen A, Lehtiniemi M. Microplastics accumulate to thin layers in the stratified Baltic Sea. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115700. [PMID: 33010544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Baltic Sea, water is stratified due to differences in density and salinity. The stratification prevents water from mixing, which could affect sinking rates of microplastics in the sea. We studied the accumulation of microplastics to halocline and thermocline. We sampled water with a 100 μm plankton net from vertical transects between halo- and thermocline, and a 30 L water sampler from the end of halocline and the beginning of thermocline. Thereafter, microplastics in the whole sample volumes were analyzed with imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The plankton net results showed that water column between halo- and thermoclines contained on average 0.92 ± 0.61 MP m-3 (237 ± 277 ng/m-3; mean ± SD), whereas the 30 L samples from the end of halocline and the beginning of thermocline contained 0.44 ± 0.52 MP L-1 (106 ± 209 ng L-1). Hence, microplastics are likely to accumulate to thin layers in the halocline and thermocline. The vast majority of the found microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, which are common plastic types. We did not observe any trend between the density of microplastics and the sampling depth, probably because biofilm formation affected the sinking rates of the particles. Our results indicate the need to sample deeper water layers in addition to surface waters at least in the stratified water bodies to obtain a comprehensive overview of the abundance of microplastics in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Uurasjärvi
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Minna Pääkkönen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Setälä
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
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Karpowicz M, Ejsmont-Karabin J. Effect of metalimnetic gradient on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Rotifera, Crustacea) communities in different trophic conditions. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:367. [PMID: 28668991 PMCID: PMC5494035 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts and recent study revealed that depth of the thermocline can strongly influence the nutrient availability and composition of plankton communities. We are focused on the effect of metalimnetic gradients on water chemistry and plankton communities in three stratified lakes with different trophic conditions. Vertical changes in water chemistry revealed significant increase of macroelement concentrations in the metalimnion of all studied lakes. However, there was no significant increase of nutrient concentrations in the thermocline of lakes with smoother metalimnetic gradient, whereas sharp and deep thermocline zone caused higher concentration of orthophosphates and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the metalimnion. The maximum concentrations of phytoplankton were observed just below the thermocline and were caused mostly by the abundance of diatoms and cryptophytes. Vertical distribution of the crustacean zooplankton was similar to the distribution of phytoplankton. Especially, Daphnia cucullata was strongly related with the phytoplankton distribution and reached maximum densities in deep layers with high chlorophyll concentrations, and, conversely, smaller crustacean species and rotifers were not affected by the vertical distribution of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Karpowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Ejsmont-Karabin
- Hydrobiological Station, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Leśna 13, 11-730, Mikołajki, Poland
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Choi BJ, Lee JA, Choi JS, Park JG, Lee SH, Yih W. Influence of the tidal front on the three-dimensional distribution of spring phytoplankton community in the eastern Yellow Sea. Chemosphere 2017; 173:299-306. [PMID: 28119165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrographic observation and biological samplings were conducted to assess the distribution of phytoplankton community over the sloping shelf of the eastern Yellow Sea in May 2012. The concentration of chlorophyll a was determined and phytoplankton was microscopically examined to conduct quantitative and cluster analyses. A cluster analysis of the phytoplankton species and abundance along four observation lines revealed the three-dimensional structure of the phytoplankton community distribution: the coastal group in the mixed region, the offshore upper layer group preferring stable water column, and the offshore lower layer group. The subsurface maximum of phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a concentration appeared as far as 64 km away from the tidal front through the middle layer intrusion. The phytoplankton abundance was high in the shore side of tidal front during the spring tide. The phytoplankton abundance was relatively high at 10-m depth in the mixed region while the concentration of chlorophyll a was high below the depth. The disparity between the profiles of the phytoplankton abundance and the chlorophyll a concentration in the mixed region was related to the depth-dependent species change accompanied by size-fraction of the phytoplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Ju Choi
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gyu Park
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Yih
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
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Kitagawa T, Hyodo S, Sato K. Atmospheric depression-mediated water temperature changes affect the vertical movement of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. Mar Environ Res 2016; 119:72-78. [PMID: 27236419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Sanriku coastal area, Japan, is one of the southern-most natural spawning regions of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. Here, we report their behavioral response to changes in ambient temperature after the passage of an atmospheric depression during the early spawning season. Before the passage, all electrically tagged fish moved vertically for several hours to depths below the shallow thermocline at >100 m. However, during the atmospheric depression, the salmon shortened the duration of their vertical movements and spent most time at the surface. The water column was homogenous at <150 m deep except for the surface. The descending behavior may have been discontinued because the cooler water below the thermocline was no longer in a thermally defined layer, due to strong vertical mixing by high wave action. Instead, they likely spent time within the cooler water temperatures at the surface of bays to minimize metabolic energy cost during migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitagawa
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Puneeta P, Vijai D, Yoo HK, Matsui H, Sakurai Y. Observations on the spawning behavior, egg masses and paralarval development of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus in a laboratory mesocosm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3825-35. [PMID: 26632456 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.127670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The spawning behavior of ommastrephid squids has never been observed under natural conditions. Previous laboratory observations of Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) suggest that pre-spawning females might rest on the continental shelf or slope before they ascend above the pycnocline to spawn, and that the egg masses might settle in the pycnocline. Here, two mesocosm experiments were conducted in a 300 m(3) tank that was 6 m deep to investigate this hypothesis. In the first experiment, a thermocline (2.5-3.5 m) was established in the tank by creating a thermally stratified (17-22°C) water column. In the second experiment, the temperature was uniform (22°C) at all depths. Prior to spawning, females did not rest on the tank floor. In the stratified water column, egg masses remained suspended in the thermocline, but in an unstratified water column, they settled on the tank bottom, collapsed and were infested by microbes, resulting in abnormal or nonviable embryos. Eleven females spawned a total of 18 egg masses (17-80 cm in diameter), indicating that females can spawn more than once when under stress. Paralarvae hatched at stage 30/31 and survived for up to 10 days, allowing us to observe the most advanced stage of paralarvae in captivity. Paralarvae survived after consumption of the inner yolk, suggesting they might have fed in the tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandey Puneeta
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Dharmamony Vijai
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hae-Kyun Yoo
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsui
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sakurai
- School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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