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Liu J, Wang C, Hou X, Li H, Wang X, Hu W, Ge T, Zhang J, Zhu G, Xie H. Extraction of W, V, and As from spent SCR catalyst by alkali pressure leaching and the pressure leaching mechanism. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119107. [PMID: 37801947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are environmentally hazardous and resource-enriching. In this work, V, W, and As in a spent SCR catalyst was extracted by alkali pressure leaching. Results showed that the V, W, and As were loaded on the anatase TiO2 crystal grains as amorphous oxides. The optimum pressure leaching conditions were NaOH concentration of 20 wt%, reaction temperature of 180 °C, reaction time of 120 min, L/S of 10 mL/g, and stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching efficiency of W, V, and As reached 98.83%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The experiment revealed the preferential leaching of V and As rather than W, and the leaching mechanisms of V, W, and As were studied through experiment and density functional theory (DFT). The leaching kinetics of W conformed to a variant of the shrinking core model and the leaching process of W is controlled by both chemical reactions and diffusion processes. During the leaching process, Na2Ti2O4(OH)2 product powder layer was generated, which affects the mass transfer of W. The destruction of the TiO2 skeleton in the spent SCR catalyst is essential for adequate W extraction, especially for the extraction of W embedded in the TiO2 lattice. The DFT simulation result indicated that the V and As loaded onto the TiO2 support are easier to absorb hydroxide ions rather than W, and the leaching reaction energy of V and As was lower than W, As, and V has leaching priority over the leaching of W. Furthermore, an anatase TiO2 photocatalyst with the {001} crystal surface exposed was successfully prepared from the alkali pressure leaching residue. This work provides theoretical support for the metal leaching and utilization of spent SCR catalysts via alkali pressure leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenye Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinjuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiquan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingrui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Te Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ganyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R.O.C
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Jeyaraj J, Baskaralingam V, Stalin T, Muthuvel I. Mechanistic vision on polypropylene microplastics degradation by solar radiation using TiO 2 nanoparticle as photocatalyst. Environ Res 2023; 233:116366. [PMID: 37302740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants owing to their occurrence and distribution in everywhere the ecosystem and leading to major environmental problems. Management methods are more suitable for larger-sized plastics. Here, the current study elucidates that, TiO2 photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation actively mitigates polypropylene microplastics (pH 3, 50 h) in an aqueous medium. End of post-photocatalytic experiments, the weight loss percentage of microplastics was 50.5 ± 0.5%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) spectroscopy results revealed the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide ions, carbonyl, keto and ester groups at the end of the post-degradation process. Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopic (UV - DRS) results showed variation in the optical absorbance of polypropylene microplastics peak values at 219 and 253 nm. Increased the weight percentage of oxygen level due to the oxidation of functional groups and decreased the weight percentage of carbon content in electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), probably owing to breakdown of long-chain polypropylene microplastics. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic analysis showed the surface having holes, cavities, and cracks on irritated polypropylene microplastics. The overall study and their mechanistic pathway strongly confirmed the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with help of the movement of electrons by photocatalyst under solar irradiation which aids the degradation of polypropylene microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavani Jeyaraj
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thambusamy Stalin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Inbasekaran Muthuvel
- Advanced Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalaingar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, M.R.Govt.Arts College, Mannargudi, 614 001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Thu Hoai PT, Lam TD, Mai Huong NT, Van Anh MT. Removal of ethylene by synthesized Ag/TiO 2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138607. [PMID: 37037353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) were widely applied to solve environmental problems such as water and air pollution treatment. Currently, the application of these compounds for food packaging is increasing. This study prepared silver (Ag) doped TiO2 photocatalyst (Ag/TiO2) for the decomposition of gas ethylene (Eth), which is the main factor that causes fruits to over-ripen and damage or decay. It found that the doping of Ag could improve the optical property and light adsorption ability of Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst, which directly enhanced the photocatalytic decomposition of Eth performance. Under visible light, Ag/TiO2 could depredate 91.2% of Eth, while the removal performance by using the original TiO2 was 43.9%. The increased initial concentration of Eth from 5 to 30 ppm could inhibit the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/TiO2 from 98.6 to 69.2%. Besides, the relative humidity and gas flow rate are roles in the Eth decomposition process. The recycling experiment confirmed that Ag/TiO2 had good reusability with a slight loss in photocatalytic performance (18.6%) after ten cycles tested. The future protective application of Ag/TiO2 for food protection during storage and transportation is discussed. This work provides a potential method to remove gas ethylene, reduce the ripening process and extend the shelf life of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Thu Hoai
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Economics-Technology for Industries (UNETI), Hanoi, 11622, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Dai Lam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Economics-Technology for Industries (UNETI), Hanoi, 11622, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Thi Van Anh
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Economics-Technology for Industries (UNETI), Hanoi, 11622, Viet Nam
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Abdullah M, Iqbal J, Ur Rehman MS, Khalid U, Mateen F, Arshad SN, Al-Sehemi AG, Algarni H, Al-Hartomy OA, Fazal T. Removal of ceftriaxone sodium antibiotic from pharmaceutical wastewater using an activated carbon based TiO 2 composite: Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation evaluation. Chemosphere 2023; 317:137834. [PMID: 36640968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The water pollution becomes a serious concern for the sustainability of ecosystems due to the existence of pharmaceutical products (ceftriaxone (CEF) antibiotic). Even in low concentration of CEF has lethal effects on ecosystem and human health. To remove CEF, TiO2 is considered as an effective and efficient nanoparticles, however its performance is reduced due to wider energy gap and rapid recombination of charge carriers. In this study, activated carbon based TiO2 (ACT-X) heterogeneous nanocomposites were synthesized to improve the intrinsic properties of TiO2 and their adsorption-photocatalytic performance for the removal of CEF. The characterization results revealed that ACT-X composites have slower recombination of charge carriers, lower energy band gap (3.05 eV), and better light absorption under visible region of light. From ACT-X composites, the ACT-4 photocatalyst has achieved highest photocatalytic degradation (99.6%) and COD removal up (99.2%). The results of radical scavengers showed that photocatalytic degradation of CEF is mainly occurred due to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Meanwhile, the reusability of ACT-4 up to five cycles shows more than 80% photocatalytic degradation, which make the process more economical. The highest experimental adsorption capacity is achieved up to 844.8 mg g-1 using ACT-4. The favorable and multilayer heterogeneous adsorption is carried out according to the well-fitted data with pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. These results indicate that the carbon-based TiO2 composites can be used as a green, stable, efficient, effective, reusable, renewable, and sustainable photocatalyst to eliminate the pharmaceutical pollutants (antibiotics) via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Abdullah
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ICEE), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ICEE), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Usman Khalid
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ICEE), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Mateen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Salman Noshear Arshad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS), Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Algarni
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Fazal
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ICEE), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
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Keerthana SP, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, Al-Sehemi AG, Velauthapillai D. Investigation of optimum Mn dopant level on TiO 2 for dye degradation. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135574. [PMID: 35798150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pristine and Mn-TiO2 photocatalysts was prepared employing sophisticated hydrothermal technique. TiO2, 0.2 M, 0.4 M Mn-TiO2 photocatalysts analysis were done by using standard characterization studies. The morphology of the pure TiO2 photocatalyst showed the large agglomeration of nanoparticles. While the dopant Mn ions influenced higher on host lattice TiO2. The 0.2 M Mn added TiO2 photocatalyst showed no agglomeration and nanoparticles size were decreased. On increasing dopant level, there is growth of nanorods along with nanoparticles which greatly helped in dye degradation. The prepared photocatalysts photocatalytic action was investigated on reducing MG dye. Prepared photocatalyst added dye mixtures were exposed under visible light and collected for every 15 min. 0.4 M Mn-TiO2- MG sample showed 96% efficiency on degrading MG dye. The dopant has increased electrons and holes recombination on host surface. 0.4 M Mn-TiO2-MG sample rate constant was higher than other samples and reaction system abide by Pseudo first order kinetics. 0.4 M Mn-TiO2 photocatalyst be an efficient and enthusiastic potential material to remove organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Keerthana
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140 413, Punjab, India
| | | | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5063, Norway
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Park YK, Kim BJ, Kim SC, You CS, Choi J, Park J, Lee H, Jung SC. Decomposition of naproxen by plasma in liquid process with TiO 2 photocatslysts and hydrogen peroxide. Environ Res 2021; 195:110899. [PMID: 33610581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naproxen (NPX), one of the representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ingredients, was decomposed by plasma in liquid process (PiLP). Strongly oxidized species generated in the plasma field of the PiLP, such as OH radicals, were confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy Increasing the operation parameters (pulse width, frequency and applied voltage) of the power supply promoted plasma field generation and OH radical generation, and affected the NPX decomposition rate. Although the NPX decomposition reaction rate was improved by up to 18-30% by adding TiO2 photocatalyst powder and H2O2 to PiLP, but the optimal addition amount should be determined considering the plasma generation and scavenger effects. A decomposition pathway was proposed, in which NPX was mineralized into CO2 and H2O through five intermediates mainly by decarboxylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, and dehydration reactions via hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwon Park
- University of Seoul, School of Environmental Engineering, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence Technology, R&D Division, 110-11 Banryong-ro, Jeonju, 54853, South Korea
| | - Sang-Chai Kim
- Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, 1666 Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, 58554, South Korea
| | - Chan-Seo You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, South Korea
| | - Jaewook Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, South Korea
| | - Jaegu Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, South Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, South Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, South Korea.
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Jeong E, Park HY, Lee J, Kim HE, Lee C, Kim EJ, Hong SW. Long-term and stable antimicrobial properties of immobilized Ni/TiO 2 nanocomposites against Escherichia coli, Legionella thermalis, and MS2 bacteriophage. Environ Res 2021; 194:110657. [PMID: 33388287 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nickel has been extensively used as a high work function metal because of its abundance, low cost, relatively non-toxic nature, and environmentally benign characteristics. However, it has rarely been extended in a form of immobilized composite, which is a practical strategy applicable for photocatalytic antimicrobial activities. In this study, a composite of nickel and TiO2 (Ni/TiO2) was prepared using a photodeposition method, and its antibacterial properties were investigated using Escherichia coli (E. coli). To optimize Ni/TiO2 synthesis, the effect of various photodeposition conditions on antibacterial performance were investigated, such as the light irradiation time, metal content, TiO2 crystalline structure, and presence or absence of electron donors (i.e., methanol). The optimized 2 wt% Ni/TiO2 exhibited an antibacterial efficiency of 3.74 log within 7 min, which is more than 10-fold higher than that of pristine TiO2 (2.54 log). Based on this optimized weight ratio, Ni/TiO2 was immobilized on a steel mesh using an electrospray/thermal compression method, and its antibacterial performance was further assessed against E. coli, MS2 bacteriophage virus (MS2 phage), and a common pulmonary pathogen (Legionella thermalis, L. thermalis). Within 70 min, all target microorganisms achieved an inactivation that exceeded 4 log. Furthermore, the long-term stability and sustainable usability of the Ni/TiO2 mesh were confirmed by performing more than 50 antibacterial evaluation cycles using E. coli. The results of this study facilitate the successful utilization of immobilized Ni/TiO2 mesh in water disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhoo Jeong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Park
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Eun Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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