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Kim SJ, Gadah A, Song KY. Comparison of Medisonic with Harmonic HD 1000i and Sonicision ultrasonic energy device in laparoscopic gastrectomy: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 105:91-98. [PMID: 37564942 PMCID: PMC10409633 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.105.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of Medisonic (Daiwha Corp.) to that of Harmonic HD 1000i (Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc.) and Sonicision (Medtronic) in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. The patients were randomly assigned to a Medisonic (M group, n = 10), Harmonic HD 1000i (H group, n = 10), or Sonicision (S group, n = 10) groups. Primary outcome was cutting speed and activation times during omentectomy. Other variables were visibility of surgical field, blade stickiness, and clinical outcomes, including operation-related complications. Results Clinicopathologic characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, or stage were not different between the 3 groups. Operative outcomes, including operation time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were not different between the 3 groups. There was no significant difference in 30-day postoperative complications. The running time of omentectomy was 7.3, 9.2, and 8.7 minutes in the H, S, and M groups, respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.589). We also looked at the activation times during the omentectomy, and there was no statistical difference between the groups (52.6 times vs. 58.9 times vs. 56.2 times in the H, S, and M groups, respectively; P = 0.860). Conclusion Medisonic is safe and efficient to perform laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and is not inferior to Harmonic HD 1000i or Sonicision in terms of clinical outcomes and cutting/sealing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahmad Gadah
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Robotic Surgery Center, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kajiwara M, Fujikawa T, Hasegawa S. Tissue pad degradation of ultrasonic device may enhance thermal injury and impair its sealing performance in liver surgery. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1357-1364. [PMID: 36158911 PMCID: PMC9376783 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonic devices are widely used in many surgical fields, including hepatectomy; however, the negative effects of tissue pad degradation of ultrasonic devices, including those in liver surgery, remain unknown. The Harmonic® 1100 (H-1100) scalpel has advanced heat control technology than previous models, such as the Harmonic® HD1000i (H-HD1000i). We hypothesized that, because of its advanced temperature-control technology, the H-1100 scalpel would show less tissue pad degradation, resulting in superior sealing performance, compared to that with the H-HD1000i scalpel.
AIM To elucidate ultrasonic device tissue pad degradation effects on instrument temperature and sealing performance using ex vivo porcine liver/vessel models.
METHODS Two different harmonic scalpels were used and compared: A newer model, the H-1100 scalpel, and an older model, the H-HD1000i scalpel. Using ex vivo porcine livers, each instrument was activated until the liver parenchyma was dissected. The device temperature (passive jaw temperature) was measured after every 10 consecutive activations, until 300 transections of the porcine liver were performed. Tissue pad degradation was evaluated after 300 activations. Sealing performance was evaluated using excised porcine carotid vessels; vessel sealing speed and frequency of vessel burst pressure below 700 mmHg were determined after 300 transections of porcine liver parenchyma.
RESULTS The temperature of the H-HD1000i scalpel was approximately 10°C higher than that of the H-1100 scalpel, and gradually increased as the number of activations increased. The median passive jaw temperature of the H-HD1000i scalpel was significantly higher than that of the H-1100 scalpel (73.4°C vs 65.1°C; P < 0.001). After 300 transections of porcine liver parenchyma, less tissue pad degradation was observed with the H-1100 scalpel than with the H-HD1000i scalpel (0.08 mm vs 0.51 mm). The H-1100 scalpel demonstrated faster vessel-sealing speed (4.9 sec. vs 5.1 sec.) and less frequent vessel burst pressure < 700 mmHg (0% vs 40%) after 300 activations than the H-HD1000i scalpel; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.21 and P = 0.09, respectively).
CONCLUSION In an ex vivo porcine hepatectomy model, the H-1100 scalpel shows lower passive jaw temperature and maintains its sealing performance by avoiding tissue pad degradation compared to that with the H-HD1000i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kajiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Fujikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu 802-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Fukuoka, Japan
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Karimian F. A commentary on the article: Comparison of outcomes after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery performed with and without energy devices: A population-based cohort study using a nationwide database in Japan, Int. J. Surg. 2020 Apr 9, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.072, pii: S1743-9191(20)30286-7. Int J Surg 2020; 78:164-165. [PMID: 32387206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rinnovati R, Forni G, Beltrame A, Spadari A. Treatment of Septic Arthritis With Acoustic Cavitation and Lavage: A Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 88:102945. [PMID: 32303323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old Quarter Horse filly was admitted to our facility with a two-day history of trauma caused by barbed wire on the front face of the right front limb fetlock joint. A septic arthritis was confirmed with the synovial fluid examination. The cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid showed 101,000 leukocytes/mm3, 90% neutrophils, and a total protein concentration of 4 g/dL. It was, therefore, decided to perform an arthroscopic lavage using an ultrasonic device with the tip inserted inside the synovial cavity to exploit the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation. After the removal of the synovial pannus, the probe was left to vibrate in the area near the visible penetrating wound inside the joint until three liters of saline was finished. Further studies are needed for understanding and applying this technology in different equine fields and with different bacterial species. However, these first results are promising for the efficacy of this innovative procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rinnovati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Beltrame
- Private Practitioner, Azienda Agricola Beltrame, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spadari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mae T, Nakata K, Kumai T, Ishibashi Y, Suzuki T, Sakamoto T, Ohori T, Hirose T, Yoshikawa H. Characteristics of ultrasound device: a new technology for bone curettage and excavation. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:35. [PMID: 31346807 PMCID: PMC6658631 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasonic (US) devices are used in laparoscopic, dental, and spinal surgeries, while it is difficult to use for the joint under irrigation and perfusion solutions due to lack of power. A new US device is developed with greater voltage improvement and has been implemented in the arthroscopic field. The aim is to compare the characteristics of the US devices with the conventional ones in water. Methods Twenty bone blocks from the porcine femur were settled in a holder in water. A 4.0 mm diameter abrader burr moved 15 mm along the long axis of the bone block in ten blocks for three times. A 4.3 mm wide curette blade powered by ultrasonic vibration was moved in the same manner in the other ten blocks. The gutter shape, including the gutter depth and the bottom angle of the gutter, and the curetted area ratio of the gutter were assessed. Forty bones blocks from the porcine femurs were clamped with a holder in water, while the cortical bone surface must be located on the side. A 5 mm diameter drill excavated the bone along the previously-inserted guide wire to the 15 mm depth for twenty blocks. Next, the US excavation probe of 5x4mm rectangular shape was moved to the same depth in the other twenty blocks. Each ten block was cut in half along the bone tunnel and was assessed the surface roughness at three area, while the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tunnel were measured and the ratio of the measured CSA was calculated based on an expected CSA in the remaining ten blocks for each device. Results The depth of curettage and bottom angle were significantly smaller with the US device than with the abrader burr at all planes, while the curetted area ratio created by each device was mostly equal to the other. Surface roughness was similar in two evacuating devices except one area. CSA ratio with the US excavation device was significantly smaller than that with the drill. Conclusion US curettage has an advantage to flatly curette bone surfaces, while a bone tunnel can be accurately created with the US device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kumai
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Japan. 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirsosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan. S1-W6, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sakamoto
- Orthopedic Products Department, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, Japan. 2951, Ishikawa-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ohori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehito Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Xu Z, Zhou H, Yan X, Cheng Q, Liu X. Broadband ultrasound-trapping barrier based on hollow cylinder with a periodic grating. Ultrasonics 2019; 93:102-106. [PMID: 30476782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is important to modulate ultrasonic waves in some ultrasonic application fields. We formed an ultrasound-trapping barrier through a hollow cylinder with a periodic grating on the surface and simulated the barrier using the finite element method. Using the Schlieren imaging technique, we visualized the ultrasound field distribution in the structure. Both the experimental and simulation results revealed that the structure can work in a broadband frequency range, demonstrating the effectiveness and practicability of the structure as a virtual ultrasound barrier. We also describe how the silent region and the ultrasound intensity can be adjusted in the hollow cylinder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Arakawa M, Kanai H, Ishikawa K, Nagaoka R, Kobayashi K, Saijo Y. A method for the design of ultrasonic devices for scanning acoustic microscopy using impulsive signals. Ultrasonics 2018; 84:172-179. [PMID: 29149725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) using impulsive signals is useful for characterization of biological tissues and cells. The operating center frequency of an ultrasonic device strongly depends on the performance characteristics of the device if the measurement is conducted by using impulsive signals. In this paper, a method for the design of ultrasonic devices for SAM using impulsive signals was developed. A new plane-wave model was introduced to calculate frequency characteristics of loss of ultrasonic devices by taking into account the conversion loss at the ultrasonic transducer, the transmission loss at the acoustic anti-reflection coating, and the propagation loss in the couplant. Ultrasonic devices were fabricated with a ZnO ultrasonic transducer using two acoustic lenses with aperture radii of 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The frequencies at which measured losses became minima corresponded to the calculation results by the plane-wave model. This numerical calculation method is useful for designing ultrasonic devices for acoustic microscopy using impulsive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Arakawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kanai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Division of Research and Development, Honda Electronics, Co. Ltd., Toyohashi 441-3193, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saijo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Aguiar ACB, de Meireles DA, Marques AAF, Sponchiado Júnior EC, Garrido ADB, Garcia LDFR. Effect of ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. Restor Dent Endod 2014; 39:265-9. [PMID: 25383344 PMCID: PMC4223095 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. Materials and Methods The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 10), as follows: G1 - no ultrasonic vibration (control); G2 - ultrasonic vibration using an elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip; G3 - ultrasonic vibration with a flattened convex and linear active tip; G4 - ultrasonic vibration with active semicircular tapered tip. Ultrasonic vibration was applied for 15 seconds on each post surface and tensile test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4444 - 1 mm/min). Results G4 presented the highest mean values, however, with no statistically significant difference in comparison to G3 (P > 0.05). G2 presented the lowest mean values with statistically significant difference to G3 and G4 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Ultrasonic vibration with elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip was most effective in reducing force required for intraradicular post removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Carine Barros Aguiar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniely Amorim de Meireles
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ruggiero R, Gubitosi A, Conzo G, Gili S, Bosco A, Pirozzi R, Cosenza C, Rossetti G, Fei L, Docimo G, Docimo L. Sutureless thyroidectomy. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 1:S189-93. [PMID: 24859410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ultrasonic scalpel is a surgical shear that uses high-frequency mechanical energy to enable simultaneous vessel sealing and tissue coagulation at the same time. We conducted a prospective study to compare the outcome of total thyroidectomy using the ultrasonic scalpel versus the device Ligasure in terms of safety, operative time, overall drainage volume, complications, hospital stay. METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2013,400 patients (260 women, 140 men; mean age 46 years) undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized into two groups: group A, where Ultracision were used, and group B, where the Ligasure device was used. RESULTS There was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, indication for thyroidectomy, thyroid gland weight and diameter, histopathologic diagnosis, preoperative and postoperative serum calcium levels, postoperative complications and reoperative thyroid surgery, time of operation and amount of drainage. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasonic scalpel and the Ligasure ares safe, effective, useful, and time-saving alternative to the traditional suture ligation technique for thyroid surgery. They simplified total thyroidectomy, eliminating the need for clamp-and-tie maneuvers while achieving efficient hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruggiero
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Adelmo Gubitosi
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Gili
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bosco
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pirozzi
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Cosma Cosenza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rossetti
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Landino Fei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Khan S, Kazi TG, Soylak M. Rapid ionic liquid-based ultrasound assisted dual magnetic microextraction to preconcentrate and separate cadmium-4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol complex from environmental and biological samples. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 123:194-199. [PMID: 24398463 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and innovative microextraction technique named as, ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dual magnetic microextraction (IL-UA-DMME) was developed for the preconcentration and extraction of trace cadmium from environmental and biological samples, prior to analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The proposed method has many obvious advantages, including evading the use of organic solvents and achieved high extraction yields by the combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and magnetic mediated-solid phase extraction (MM-SPE). In this approach ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6] play an important role to extract the cadmium-4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol (Cd-TAR) complex from acid digested sample solutions and ultrasonic irradiation was applied to assist emulsification. After then, dispersed small amount of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in sample solutions to salvaged the IL and complete phase separation was attained. Some analytical parameters that influencing the efficiency of proposed (IL-UA-DMME) method, such as pH, volume of IL, ligand concentration, ultra-sonication time, amount of Fe3O4 MNPs, sample volume and matrix effect were optimized. Limit of detection (LOD) and enrichment factor (EF) of the method under optimal experimental conditions were found to be 0.40μgL(-1) and 100, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of 50μgL(-1) Cd was 4.29%. The validity and accuracy of proposed method, was assessed to analyzed certified reference materials of fortified lake water TMDA-54.4, SPS-WW2 waste water, spinach leaves 1570a and also checked by standard addition method. The obtained values showed good agreement with the certified values and sufficiently high recovery were found in the range of 98.1-101% for Cd. The proposed method was facile, rapid and successfully applied for the determination of Cd in environmental and different biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Khan
- Erciyes University, Fen Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University, Fen Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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