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Zhao J, Wei F, Liu H, Qin R, Yang X. Two aromatic acid derivatives and a xanthone from Hypericum hengshanense. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1537-1544. [PMID: 36519675 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed compounds including two aromatic acid derivatives (1-2), and one xanthone (3), together with ten known compounds (4-13) were isolated from the aerial part of Hypericum hengshanense. The planar structures of three new compounds were established by 1 D and 2 D NMR and MS data. And the absolute configurations of compounds 1-2 were determined by the quantum chemical ECD calculations. Compounds 1-2 showed weak cytotoxicity against Hep-2 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 65.1 ± 2.7 and 78.0 ± 1.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
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Pereira R, Mohamed ET, Radi MS, Herrgård MJ, Feist AM, Nielsen J, Chen Y. Elucidating aromatic acid tolerance at low pH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using adaptive laboratory evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27954-27961. [PMID: 33106428 PMCID: PMC7668050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity from the external presence or internal production of compounds can reduce the growth and viability of microbial cell factories and compromise productivity. Aromatic compounds are generally toxic for microorganisms, which makes their production in microbial hosts challenging. Here we use adaptive laboratory evolution to generate Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants tolerant to two aromatic acids, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. The evolution experiments were performed at low pH (3.5) to reproduce conditions typical of industrial processes. Mutant strains tolerant to levels of aromatic acids near the solubility limit were then analyzed by whole genome sequencing, which revealed prevalent point mutations in a transcriptional activator (Aro80) that is responsible for regulating the use of aromatic amino acids as the nitrogen source. Among the genes regulated by Aro80, ESBP6 was found to be responsible for increasing tolerance to aromatic acids by exporting them out of the cell. Further examination of the native function of Esbp6 revealed that this transporter can excrete fusel acids (byproducts of aromatic amino acid catabolism) and this role is shared with at least one additional transporter native to S. cerevisiae (Pdr12). Besides conferring tolerance to aromatic acids, ESBP6 overexpression was also shown to significantly improve the secretion in coumaric acid production strains. Overall, we showed that regulating the activity of transporters is a major mechanism to improve tolerance to aromatic acids. These findings can be used to modulate the intracellular concentration of aromatic compounds to optimize the excretion of such products while keeping precursor molecules inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pereira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elsayed T Mohamed
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammad S Radi
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Markus J Herrgård
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adam M Feist
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sarwar R, Farooq U, Naz S, Khan A, Bukhari SM, Khan H, Karim N, Khan I, Ahmed A, Al-Harrasi A. Isolation and Characterization of Two New Secondary Metabolites From Quercus incana and Their Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Potential. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:298. [PMID: 29720938 PMCID: PMC5915467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethyl acetate fraction of Quercus incana yielded two new compounds [1 and 2]. The characterization and structure elucidation of these compounds were carried out through various spectroscopic techniques such as mass spectrometry along with one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The structural formula was deduced to be 2-(4-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol [1] and 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl) pentanoic acid [2]. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and light–dark box (LDB) tests (classical mouse models) were performed in order to reveal the anxiolytic potential of both compounds [1 and 2]. Both compounds displayed dose-dependent increases in open-arm entries and time spent in open arms in EPM (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01), and increased the time spent in the lit compartment and increased transitions between the two compartments in LDB test (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01). Co-administration of selective benzodiazepine (BZP) receptor antagonist, flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg) with compounds [1 and 2] decreased the anxiolytic-like activity of both compounds in the EPM indicating BZP-binding site of GABA-A receptors are involved in the anxiolytic-like effect. Similarly, both compounds at the dose level of 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. exerted pronounced antidepressant-like effect in both forced swimming as well as tail suspension tests (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01; ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test). The effect at 30 mg/kg was comparable to the reference drug imipramine (60 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.,UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syed M Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Heřmánková-Vavříková E, Křenková A, Petrásková L, Chambers CS, Zápal J, Kuzma M, Valentová K, Křen V. Synthesis and Antiradical Activity of Isoquercitrin Esters with Aromatic Acids and Their Homologues. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1074. [PMID: 28513572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquercitrin, (IQ, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) is known for strong chemoprotectant activities. Acylation of flavonoid glucosides with carboxylic acids containing an aromatic ring brings entirely new properties to these compounds. Here, we describe the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of a series of IQ derivatives at the C-6″. IQ benzoate, phenylacetate, phenylpropanoate and cinnamate were prepared from respective vinyl esters using Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin). The enzymatic procedure gave no products with “hydroxyaromatic” acids, their vinyl esters nor with their benzyl-protected forms. A chemical protection/deprotection method using Steglich reaction yielded IQ 4-hydroxybenzoate, vanillate and gallate. In case of p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acid, the deprotection lead to the saturation of the double bonds at the phenylpropanoic moiety and yielded 4-hydroxy-, 3,4-dihydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylpropanoates. Reducing capacity of the cinnamate, gallate and 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoate towards Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was significantly lower than that of IQ, while other derivatives displayed slightly better or comparable capacity. Compared to isoquercitrin, most derivatives were less active in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, but they showed significantly better 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS) scavenging activity and were substantially more active in the inhibition of tert-butylhydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. The most active compounds were the hydroxyphenylpropanoates.
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Yuan JW, Liu G, Li JH, Xu H. [Chemical Composition of Alkanes and Organic Acids in Vehicle Exhaust]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:2052-2058. [PMID: 29964869 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soot of 11 diesel buses and 20 gasoline cars was sampled by direct sampling, and the main organic compounds of the samples were separated and qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the mass fraction of n-alkanes was 1.31-149.08 μg·g-1 and 15.35-556.03 μg·g-1. The main carbon number of n-alkanes in diesel buses and gasoline cars soot was 20 and 29, respectively, and gasoline cars generated more long chain alkanes with high boiling point. The total mass fraction of pristane and phytane in diesel buses was 15.24 μg·g-1 and 21.79 μg·g-1, respectively, while the two values in gasoline cars were 2.31 μg·g-1 and 2.69 μg·g-1, respectively. The ratios of pristane and phytane were 0.6994 and 0.8587, and the ratios of phytane and octadecane were 0.3565 and 0.7472. The changes of the relative mass of fatty acids were relatively large, the change ranges in buses and cars were 0.01-40.87 μg·g-1 and 3.8-113.7 μg·g-1, respectively, and the organic acid with the highest content in the buses was 3- hydroxybutyric acid.The maximal ratio of hexadecanoic acid and butanedioic acid (C3/C4) was 5.93. The most abundant n-alkanes in gasoline cars soot was C16, and the mass fraction of aromatic acids was 5.05-31.70 μg·g-1 and 0.1-228.38 μg·g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jiu-Hai Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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