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Busseau I, Mockly S, Houbron É, Somaï H, Seitz H. Evaluation of microRNA variant maturation prior to genome edition. Biochimie 2024; 217:86-94. [PMID: 37385398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the functionality of individual microRNA/target sites is a crucial issue. Genome editing techniques should theoretically permit a fine functional exploration of such interactions, allowing the mutation of microRNAs or individual binding sites in a complete in vivo setting, therefore abrogating or restoring individual interactions on demand. A major limitation to this experimental strategy is the influence of microRNA sequence on its accumulation level, which introduces a confounding effect when assessing phenotypic rescue by compensatorily mutated microRNA and target site. Here we describe a simple assay to identify microRNA variants most likely to accumulate at wild-type levels even though their sequence has been mutated. In this assay, quantification of a reporter construct in cultured cells predicts the efficiency of an early biogenesis step, the Drosha-dependent cleavage of microRNA precursors, which appears to be a major determinant of microRNA accumulation in our variant collection. This system allowed the generation of a mutant Drosophila strain expressing a bantam microRNA variant at wild-type levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Busseau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sophie Mockly
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Élisabeth Houbron
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hedi Somaï
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Núñez-Acuña G, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Carrera-Naipil C, Sáez-Vera C, Benavente BP, Valenzuela-Miranda D, Gallardo-Escárate C. Trypsin Genes Are Regulated through the miRNA Bantam and Associated with Drug Sensitivity in the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34940757 PMCID: PMC8703358 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of trypsin genes in pharmacological sensitivity has been described in numerous arthropod species, including the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. This ectoparasite species is mainly controlled by xenobiotic drugs in Atlantic salmon farming. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of trypsin genes and the molecular components involved in drug response remain unclear. In particular, the miRNA bantam family has previously been associated with drug response in arthropods and is also found in C. rogercresseyi, showing a high diversity of isomiRs. This study aimed to uncover molecular interactions among trypsin genes and bantam miRNAs in the sea louse C. rogercresseyi in response to delousing drugs. Herein, putative mRNA/miRNA sequences were identified and localized in the C. rogercresseyi genome through genome mapping and blast analyses. Expression analyses were obtained from the mRNA transcriptome and small-RNA libraries from groups with differential sensitivity to three drugs used as anti-sea lice agents: azamethiphos, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin. The validation was conducted by qPCR analyses and luciferase assay of selected bantam and trypsin genes identified from in silico transcript prediction. A total of 60 trypsin genes were identified in the C. rogercresseyi genome, and 39 bantam miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to drug exposure. Notably, expression analyses and correlation among values obtained from trypsin and bantam revealed an opposite trend and potential binding sites with significant ΔG values. The luciferase assay showed a reduction of around 50% in the expression levels of the trypsin 2-like gene, which could imply that this gene is a potential target for bantam. The role of trypsin genes and bantam miRNAs in the pharmacological sensitivity of sea lice and the use of miRNAs as potential markers in these parasites are discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Núñez-Acuña
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera-Naipil
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Constanza Sáez-Vera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Bárbara P. Benavente
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Diego Valenzuela-Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.C.-N.); (C.S.-V.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción P.O. Box 160-C, Chile
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Wu Z, Bortoluzzi C, Derks MFL, Liu L, Bosse M, Hiemstra SJ, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA. Heterogeneity of a dwarf phenotype in Dutch traditional chicken breeds revealed by genomic analyses. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1095-1108. [PMID: 33897823 PMCID: PMC8061282 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of animals is a complex trait, in chicken resulting in a diverse variety of forms, caused by a heterogeneous genetic basis. Bantam chicken, known as an exquisite form of dwarfism, has been used for crossbreeding to create corresponding dwarf counterparts for native fowls in the Dutch populations. Here, we demonstrate the heterogeneity of the bantam trait in Dutch chickens and reveal the underlying genetic causes, using whole-genome sequence data from matching pairs of bantam and normal-sized breeds. During the bantam-oriented crossbreeding, various bantam origins were used to introduce the bantam phenotype, and three major bantam sources were identified and clustered. The genome-wide association studies revealed multiple genetic variants and genes associated with bantam phenotype, including HMGA2 and PRDM16, genes involved in body growth and stature. The comparison of associated variants among studies illustrated differences related to divergent bantam origins, suggesting a clear heterogeneity among bantam breeds. We show that in neo-bantam breeds, the bantam-related regions underwent a strong haplotype introgression from the bantam source, outcompeting haplotypes from the normal-sized counterpart. The bantam heterogeneity is further confirmed by the presence of multiple haplotypes comprising associated alleles, which suggests the selection of the bantam phenotype is likely subject to a convergent direction across populations. Our study demonstrates that the diverse history of human-mediated crossbreeding has contributed to the complexity and heterogeneity of the bantam phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wu
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chiara Bortoluzzi
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn F. L. Derks
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Langqing Liu
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mirte Bosse
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sipke Joost Hiemstra
- Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN) of Wageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martien A. M. Groenen
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and GenomicsWageningenThe Netherlands
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Imura E, Shimada-Niwa Y, Nishimura T, Hückesfeld S, Schlegel P, Ohhara Y, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Cardona A, Pankratz MJ, Niwa R. The Corazonin-PTTH Neuronal Axis Controls Systemic Body Growth by Regulating Basal Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2156-2165.e5. [PMID: 32386525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play key roles in development, growth, and reproduction in various animal phyla [1]. The insect steroid hormone, ecdysteroid, coordinates growth and maturation, represented by molting and metamorphosis [2]. In Drosophila melanogaster, the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-producing neurons stimulate peak levels of ecdysteroid biosynthesis for maturation [3]. Additionally, recent studies on PTTH signaling indicated that basal levels of ecdysteroid negatively affect systemic growth prior to maturation [4-8]. However, it remains unclear how PTTH signaling is regulated for basal ecdysteroid biosynthesis. Here, we report that Corazonin (Crz)-producing neurons regulate basal ecdysteroid biosynthesis by affecting PTTH neurons. Crz belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily, implying an analogous role in growth and maturation [9]. Inhibition of Crz neuronal activity increased pupal size, whereas it hardly affected pupariation timing. This phenotype resulted from enhanced growth rate and a delay in ecdysteroid elevation during the mid-third instar larval (L3) stage. Interestingly, Crz receptor (CrzR) expression in PTTH neurons was higher during the mid- than the late-L3 stage. Silencing of CrzR in PTTH neurons increased pupal size, phenocopying the inhibition of Crz neuronal activity. When Crz neurons were optogenetically activated, a strong calcium response was observed in PTTH neurons during the mid-L3, but not the late-L3, stage. Furthermore, we found that octopamine neurons contact Crz neurons in the subesophageal zone (SEZ), transmitting signals for systemic growth. Together, our results suggest that the Crz-PTTH neuronal axis modulates ecdysteroid biosynthesis in response to octopamine, uncovering a regulatory neuroendocrine system in the developmental transition from growth to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Imura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimada-Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 305-8577 Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | - Sebastian Hückesfeld
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Albert Cardona
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Michael J Pankratz
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 305-8577 Tsukuba, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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5
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Abstract
Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol and are essential for many developmental processes and disease conditions. The production of these hormones is nutrient dependent and tightly controlled by mechanisms that involve delivery of the precursor molecule cholesterol stored in lipid droplets (LDs). Recent studies have implicated macroautophagy/autophagy, a process regulated by nutrition, in the degradation of LDs and the mobilization of stored lipids. We recently identified an autophagy-dependent mechanism that regulates steroid production via effects on cholesterol trafficking. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies in Drosophila, we found that essential autophagy-related (Atg) genes are required in steroidogenic cells for normal steroid production. Inhibition of autophagy in these cells by knockdown of Atg genes causes strong accumulation of cholesterol in LDs and reduces steroid production, resembling effects seen in some lipid-storage disorders and steroid-dependent cancer conditions. This autophagy-dependent steroid hormone regulation (ASHR) process is regulated by the wts-yki/Warts-Yorkie tumor-suppressor pathway downstream of nutrition, coupling nutrient intake with steroid-dependent developmental growth. This mechanism potentially contributes to the development of certain cancers and lipid-storage disorders and thus may be of great therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Texada
- a Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alina Malita
- a Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- a Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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6
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Texada MJ, Malita A, Christensen CF, Dall KB, Faergeman NJ, Nagy S, Halberg KA, Rewitz K. Autophagy-Mediated Cholesterol Trafficking Controls Steroid Production. Dev Cell 2019; 48:659-671.e4. [PMID: 30799225 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules that regulate growth and drive the development of many cancers. These factors act as long-range signals that systemically regulate the growth of the entire organism, whereas the Hippo/Warts tumor-suppressor pathway acts locally to limit organ growth. We show here that autophagy, a pathway that mediates the degradation of cellular components, also controls steroid production. This process is regulated by Warts (in mammals, LATS1/2) signaling, via its effector microRNA bantam, in response to nutrients. Specifically, autophagy-mediated mobilization and trafficking of the steroid precursor cholesterol from intracellular stores controls the production of the Drosophila steroid ecdysone. Furthermore, we also show that bantam regulates this process via the ecdysone receptor and Tor signaling, identifying pathways through which bantam regulates autophagy and growth. The Warts pathway thus promotes nutrient-dependent systemic growth during development by autophagy-dependent steroid hormone regulation (ASHR). These findings uncover an autophagic trafficking mechanism that regulates steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alina Malita
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kathrine B Dall
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Faergeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Nagy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Osman I, Pek JW. A sisRNA/miRNA Axis Prevents Loss of Germline Stem Cells during Starvation in Drosophila. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:4-12. [PMID: 30008327 PMCID: PMC6067505 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal reproduction responds to nutritional status. During starvation, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans enter a period of reproductive diapause with increase apoptosis, while maintaining a stable pool of germline stem cells (GSCs). How GSCs are protected is not understood. Here, we show that a sisRNA/miRNA axis maintains ovarian GSCs during starvation in Drosophila. Starvation induces the expression of an ovary-enriched sisRNA sisR-2, which negatively regulates GSC maintenance via a fatty acid metabolism gene dFAR1. sisR-2 promotes the expression of bantam, which in turn inhibits the activity of sisR-2, forming a negative feedback loop. Therefore, bantam acts as a buffer to counteract sisR-2 activity to prevent GSC loss during starvation. We propose that the sisR-2/bantam axis confers robustness to GSCs in Drosophila. sisR-2 regulates the number of GSCs sisR-2 regulates GSC maintenance by repressing dFAR1 bantam regulates GSC maintenance by repressing sisR-2 activity sisR-2/bantam axis protects GSCs from starvation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Osman
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Pek
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
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Anderson AM, Bailetti AA, Rodkin E, De A, Bach EA. A Genetic Screen Reveals an Unexpected Role for Yorkie Signaling in JAK/STAT-Dependent Hematopoietic Malignancies in Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (Bethesda) 2017; 7:2427-38. [PMID: 28620086 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.044172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A gain-of-function mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 (JAK2V617F) causes human myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). These patients present with high numbers of myeloid lineage cells and have numerous complications. Since current MPN therapies are not curative, there is a need to find new regulators and targets of Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling that may represent additional clinical interventions . Drosophila melanogaster offers a low complexity model to study MPNs as JAK/STAT signaling is simplified with only one JAK [Hopscotch (Hop)] and one STAT (Stat92E). hopTumorous-lethal(Tum-l) is a gain-of-function mutation that causes dramatic expansion of myeloid cells, which then form lethal melanotic tumors. Through an F1 deficiency (Df) screen, we identified 11 suppressors and 35 enhancers of melanotic tumors in hopTum-l animals. Dfs that uncover the Hippo (Hpo) pathway genes expanded (ex) and warts (wts) strongly enhanced the hopTum-l tumor burden, as did mutations in ex, wts, and other Hpo pathway genes. Target genes of the Hpo pathway effector Yorkie (Yki) were significantly upregulated in hopTum-l blood cells, indicating that Yki signaling was increased. Ectopic hematopoietic activation of Yki in otherwise wild-type animals increased hemocyte proliferation but did not induce melanotic tumors. However, hematopoietic depletion of Yki significantly reduced the hopTum-l tumor burden, demonstrating that Yki is required for melanotic tumors in this background. These results support a model in which elevated Yki signaling increases the number of hemocytes, which become melanotic tumors as a result of elevated JAK/STAT signaling.
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Moeller ME, Nagy S, Gerlach SU, Soegaard KC, Danielsen ET, Texada MJ, Rewitz KF. Warts Signaling Controls Organ and Body Growth through Regulation of Ecdysone. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1652-1659.e4. [PMID: 28528906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of growth between individual organs and the whole body is essential during development to produce adults with appropriate size and proportions [1, 2]. How local organ-intrinsic signals and nutrient-dependent systemic factors are integrated to generate correctly proportioned organisms under different environmental conditions is poorly understood. In Drosophila, Hippo/Warts signaling functions intrinsically to regulate tissue growth and organ size [3, 4], whereas systemic growth is controlled via antagonistic interactions of the steroid hormone ecdysone and nutrient-dependent insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) (insulin) signaling [2, 5]. The interplay between insulin and ecdysone signaling regulates systemic growth and controls organismal size. Here, we show that Warts (Wts; LATS1/2) signaling regulates systemic growth in Drosophila by activating basal ecdysone production, which negatively regulates body growth. Further, we provide evidence that Wts mediates effects of insulin and the neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) on regulation of ecdysone production through Yorkie (Yki; YAP/TAZ) and the microRNA bantam (ban). Thus, Wts couples insulin signaling with ecdysone production to adjust systemic growth in response to nutritional conditions during development. Inhibition of Wts activity in the ecdysone-producing cells non-autonomously slows the growth of the developing imaginal-disc tissues while simultaneously leading to overgrowth of the animal. This indicates that ecdysone, while restricting overall body growth, is limiting for growth of certain organs. Our data show that, in addition to its well-known intrinsic role in restricting organ growth, Wts/Yki/ban signaling also controls growth systemically by regulating ecdysone production, a mechanism that we propose controls growth between tissues and organismal size in response to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten E Moeller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Nagy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan U Gerlach
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen C Soegaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Thomas Danielsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Shi X, Ran Z, Li S, Yin J, Zhong J. The Effect of MicroRNA bantam on Baculovirus AcMNPV Infection in Vitro and in Vivo. Viruses 2016; 8:E136. [PMID: 27196923 DOI: 10.3390/v8050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNA bantam, one of the most abundant microRNAs in Sf9 cells, was studied for its role in baculovirus infection in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of bantam was increased after AcMNPV infection in Sf9 cells and in Spodoptera litura larvae. In Sf9 cells, application of bantam inhibitor or mimic altered the expression of many virus genes, the most affected gene being lef8, gp41 and p10, the expression level of which was increased by 8, 10 and 40 times, respectively, in the presence of bantam inhibitor. Virus DNA replication was decreased in the presence of bantam mimic and increased in the presence of bantam inhibitor in a dose dependent manner. However, the production of budded virus did not change significantly. Feeding the larvae of S. litura and Spodoptera exigua with bantam antagomiR, a more stable form of the inhibitor, resulted in an abnormal larval growth and a decreased pupation rate. In S. litura, larvae died 3.5 days sooner than the control when bantam antagomiR was applied, together with AcMNPV. In infected S. exigua, larval mortality increased from 47% without antagomiR to 80% with it. The results suggest that microRNA bantam plays an important role in insect growth, as well as in baculovirus-insect interaction.
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11
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Dong L, Li J, Huang H, Yin MX, Xu J, Li P, Lu Y, Wu W, Yang H, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Growth suppressor lingerer regulates bantam microRNA to restrict organ size. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:415-28. [PMID: 26117838 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in organ size control by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we identify Lingerer (Lig) as a growth suppressor using RNAi modifying screen in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss of lig increases organ size and upregulates bantam (ban) and the expression of the Hippo pathway target genes, while overexpression of lig results in diminished ban expression and organ size reduction. We demonstrate that Lig C-terminal exhibits dominant-negative function on growth and ban expression, and thus plays an important role in organ size control and ban regulation. In addition, we provide evidence that both Yki and Mad are essential for Lig-induced ban expression. We also show that Lig regulates the expression of the Hippo pathway target genes partially via Yorkie. Moreover, we find that Lig physically interacts with and requires Salvador to restrict cell growth. Taken together, we demonstrate that Lig functions as a critical growth suppressor to control organ size via ban and Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meng-Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Health Science Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Abstract
Since their discovery, microRNAs became prominent candidates providing missing links on how to explain the developmental and phenotypical variation within one species or among different species. In addition, microRNAs were implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. More recently, the regulation of animal behavior was shown to be influenced by microRNAs. In spite of their numerous functions, only a few microRNAs were discovered by using classic genetic approaches. Due to the very mild or redundant phenotypes of most microRNAs or their genomic location within introns of other genes many regulatory microRNAs were missed. In this review, we focus on three microRNAs first identified in a forward genetic screen in invertebrates for their essential function in animal development, namely bantam, let-7, and miR-279. All three are essential for survival, are not located in introns of other genes, and are highly conserved among species. We highlight their important functions in the nervous system and discuss their emerging roles, especially during nervous system disease and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hartl
- MRC Clinical Science Center, Hammersmith Hospital Campus London, UK ; Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology Martinsried, Germany
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13
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Hombría JCG, Serras F. Why should we care about fly tumors?: The case of JAK-STAT and EGFR cooperation in oncogenesis. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e23203. [PMID: 24058803 PMCID: PMC3710316 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila is proving to be a valuable model for studying aggressive tumors induced by the combined activation of EGFR and JAK-STAT signaling. Here we summarize some of the most recent data showing that tissue damage and the modulation of common pathway regulators are at the heart tumor progression and metastasis.
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14
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Zhang X, Luo D, Pflugfelder GO, Shen J. Dpp signaling inhibits proliferation in the Drosophila wing by Omb-dependent regional control of bantam. Development 2013; 140:2917-22. [PMID: 23821035 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The control of organ growth is a fundamental aspect of animal development but remains poorly understood. The morphogen Dpp has long been considered as a general promoter of cell proliferation during Drosophila wing development. It is an ongoing debate whether the Dpp gradient is required for the uniform cell proliferation observed in the wing imaginal disc. Here, we investigated how the Dpp signaling pathway regulates proliferation during wing development. By systematic manipulation of Dpp signaling we observed that it controls proliferation in a region-specific manner: Dpp, via omb, promoted proliferation in the lateral and repressed proliferation in the medial wing disc. Omb controlled the regional proliferation rate by oppositely regulating transcription of the microRNA gene bantam in medial versus lateral wing disc. However, neither the Dpp nor Omb gradient was essential for uniform proliferation along the anteroposterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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15
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Coghlin CJ, Myles BD, Howitt SD. The ability of parents to accurately report concussion occurrence in their bantam-aged minor hockey league children. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2009; 53:233-250. [PMID: 20037689 PMCID: PMC2796943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the ability of hockey parents/guardians to recognize concussion symptoms in their 13-14 year old (Bantam-aged) children. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were the ability to recognize different signs and symptoms listed on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) as well as 8 detractors consisting of signs and symptoms not associated with post concussive syndrome. Additional questions assessing the parents' knowledge of concussion management and recognition abilities were also posed. PARTICIPANTS Parents of Bantam-aged minor hockey league athletes volunteered for the study. METHODS The study investigators distributed questionnaires during the warm up period or following their children's games to the study participants. Following questionnaire completion, participants were provided with an information package outlining the correct signs and symptoms of concussion. RESULTS The mean number of correct responses to signs and symptoms of concussion was 21.25/25 for the mothers and 20.41/25 for the fathers. The mean number of detractors identified as not associated with concussion was 5.93/8 for the mothers and 4.85/8 for the fathers, indicating that mothers were more capable of recognizing the signs and symptoms than fathers. An analysis of variance including sporting experience in the model did not strengthen the relationship between parent gender and test outcome. CONCLUSION This investigation revealed that there is still a disconnect in regards to key components of recognizing a concussion, such as difficulty with sleep, disorientation symptoms, and emotional irritability. Mothers have displayed an ability to better differentiate between true and false signs and symptoms of concussion as compared to fathers. Continued education and awareness of mild traumatic brain injury in athletes should address the misconceptions amongst parents in regards to the true signs and symptoms of a concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott D. Howitt
- Assistant Professor, Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
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Kadener S, Menet JS, Sugino K, Horwich MD, Weissbein U, Nawathean P, Vagin VV, Zamore PD, Nelson SB, Rosbash M. A role for microRNAs in the Drosophila circadian clock. Genes Dev 2009; 23:2179-91. [PMID: 19696147 PMCID: PMC2751990 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1819509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of translational control to circadian rhythms. To address this issue and in particular translational control by microRNAs (miRNAs), we knocked down the miRNA biogenesis pathway in Drosophila circadian tissues. In combination with an increase in circadian-mediated transcription, this severely affected Drosophila behavioral rhythms, indicating that miRNAs function in circadian timekeeping. To identify miRNA-mRNA pairs important for this regulation, immunoprecipitation of AGO1 followed by microarray analysis identified mRNAs under miRNA-mediated control. They included three core clock mRNAs-clock (clk), vrille (vri), and clockworkorange (cwo). To identify miRNAs involved in circadian timekeeping, we exploited circadian cell-specific inhibition of the miRNA biogenesis pathway followed by tiling array analysis. This approach identified miRNAs expressed in fly head circadian tissue. Behavioral and molecular experiments show that one of these miRNAs, the developmental regulator bantam, has a role in the core circadian pacemaker. S2 cell biochemical experiments indicate that bantam regulates the translation of clk through an association with three target sites located within the clk 3' untranslated region (UTR). Moreover, clk transgenes harboring mutated bantam sites in their 3' UTRs rescue rhythms of clk mutant flies much less well than wild-type CLK transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kadener
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jerome S. Menet
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Ken Sugino
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Michael D. Horwich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Uri Weissbein
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Pipat Nawathean
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Vasia V. Vagin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Phillip D. Zamore
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Sacha B. Nelson
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Michael Rosbash
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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