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Hosseinpour Khanmiri M, Yadollahi A, Samadfam M, Sepehrian H, Outokesh M. Investigation of the leaching behavior of Na and Si in simulated HLW borosilicate glass obtained from the waste of a 1000 MWe class PWR reactor: using the response surface method. Front Chem 2024; 12:1349531. [PMID: 38591058 PMCID: PMC11000124 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1349531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) in glass waste matrices provides the key safety function of slowing down radionuclide emissions from an underground disposal site. This study examines the leaching behavior of two major elements, Na and Si, in HLW borosilicate glass simulated from waste of a 1000 MWe class pressurized water reactor (PWR) using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken Design. The design of the experiment was carried out considering three independent variables: the pH of the solution, the contact time, and the leaching temperature, leading to 17 leaching runs performed using the static product consistency test (PCT). The results of statistical analysis (ANOVA: analysis of variance) indicated that the effects of the individual variables and the interactions between them were statistically significant, and the relative consistency of the data further confirmed the model's applicability. Data obtained from the PCT experiments revealed that the leaching behavior of Na and Si in the evaluated waste glass exhibited similar behavior to previously researched glasses for each condition tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosseinpour Khanmiri
- Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Yadollahi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samadfam
- Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sepehrian
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Outokesh
- Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Sendova M, Jiménez JA, Crawford CL. In Situ Optical Microspectroscopy Study of Isothermal Bleaching of γ-Irradiated International Simple Glass. ACS Phys Chem Au 2023; 3:515-520. [PMID: 38034036 PMCID: PMC10683480 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The isothermal bleaching of γ-irradiated glass was studied at elevated temperatures (280-340 °C) by real-time in situ optical microspectroscopy for the first time. The study was performed on γ-irradiated (0.83 and 1.99 MGy) International Simple Glass (ISG) borosilicate nuclear waste simulant made by Mo-SCI Corporation (Rolla, MO, USA). The current investigation proposes real-time optical transmission methodology for the activation energy assessment of isothermal bleaching of γ-irradiated glass. The method is based on robust quantification of the Urbach energy decay rates and yields similar activation energies for both doses within ∼0.24-0.26 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sendova
- Optical
Spectroscopy & Nano-Materials Lab, New
College of Florida, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States
| | - José A. Jiménez
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia
Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Charles L. Crawford
- Savannah
River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, South Carolina 29808, United States
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3
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Konon M, Polyakova IG, Mazur AS, Saratovskii AS, Danilovich DP, Alikin M. Crystallization of Cristobalite in Sodium Borosilicate Glass in the Presence of Cr 2O 3. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5016. [PMID: 37512290 PMCID: PMC10384466 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Glass containing chromium is a promising material for use in various modern fields of application (laser technology, optoelectronic devices, and luminescent resources). Chromium oxides are well-known nucleating agents that can cause crystallization. One of the most commonly observed crystalline phases in silicate glasses is cristobalite, which lowers their mechanical strength, leading to the destruction of the material. The objective of this investigation was to study in detail the crystallization of cristobalite in sodium borosilicate glass in the presence of 2 mol% Cr2O3, depending on the thermal history of the glass. The glass was studied using XRD, SEM, EPR, FTIR-spectroscopy, XPS, and solid-state NMR. Eskolaite, α-Cr2O3, which had crystallized in this glass, stimulated the bulk crystallization of cristobalite at 550 °C after isothermally treating it for 72 h, due to the phase-separated structure of the glass with its interpenetrating phase morphology. Polytypism, resulting in the incorporation of alkalis into the cristobalite structure, was observed. Cr2O3 causes the catalytic crystallization of cristobalite at an extremely low temperature, which is at lower concentrations and temperatures than in glass containing Fe2O3 with a similar composition. The crystal growth rate and the incubation time for the crystallization of cristobalite were roughly estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konon
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina G Polyakova
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton S Mazur
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem S Saratovskii
- Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry P Danilovich
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Alikin
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Shen J, Chen C, Zhang M. Microscopic Analysis of the Wetting Morphology and Interfacial Bonding Mechanism of Preoxidised Kovar Alloys with Borosilicate Glass. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4628. [PMID: 37444941 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the wettability of Kovar alloys with high-borosilicate glass and microscopically analyses the mechanism of wettability and diffusion between Kovar and borosilicate glass. First, Kovar was oxidised at 800 °C for 5, 15, 25, 35, and 60 min to observe the oxide morphology of the Kovar surface layer and to analyse the composition of the oxide layer. To investigate the wetting pattern formations of Kovar and high-borosilicate glass under different wetting temperatures, times, and preoxidation conditions, Kovar and high-borosilicate glass obtained from different oxidation treatments were held at 1060 °C for 20 min for wetting experiments, and the glass-metal wetting interface morphology and elemental distribution were observed using SEM and EDS. The elemental diffusion at the wetting interface between the borosilicate glass and the Kovar with different preoxidation and at the glass spreading boundary was investigated. The longitudinal diffusion of the liquid glass in the metal oxide layer formed a new tight chemical bond of Fe2SiO4, and the lateral diffusion of the liquid glass in the Kovar surface layer formed a black halo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shen
- Laser Processing Research Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- Laser Processing Research Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Laser Processing Research Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China
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5
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Markauskas E, Zubauskas L, Račiukaitis G, Gečys P. Femtosecond Laser Cutting of 110-550 µm Thickness Borosilicate Glass in Ambient Air and Water. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:176. [PMID: 36677237 PMCID: PMC9867199 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cutting quality and strength of strips cut with femtosecond-duration pulses were investigated for different thicknesses of borosilicate glass plates. The laser pulse duration was 350 fs, and cutting was performed in two environments: ambient air and water. When cutting in water, a thin flowing layer of water was formed at the front surface of the glass plate by spraying water mist next to a laser ablation zone. The energy of pulses greatly exceeded the critical self-focusing threshold in water, creating conditions favorable for laser beam filament formation. Laser cutting parameters were individually optimized for different glass thicknesses (110-550 µm). The results revealed that laser cutting of borosilicate glass in water is favorable for thicker glass (300-550 µm) thanks to higher cutting quality, higher effective cutting speed, and characteristic strength. On the other hand, cutting ultrathin glass plates (110 µm thickness) demonstrated almost identical performance and cutting quality results in both environments. In this paper, we studied cut-edge defect widths, cut-sidewall roughness, cutting throughput, characteristic strength, and band-like damage formed at the back surface of laser-cut glass strips.
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Liu H, Zhu Y, Huo J, Cui Z, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Yang D, Meng B. Effect of P 2O 5 and Na 2O on the Solubility of Molybdenum and Structural Features in Borosilicate Glass. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5464. [PMID: 35955394 PMCID: PMC9369828 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of doping phosphorus in a borosilicate glass matrix to improve the solubility of Mo was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the effectiveness of Na content on P species inhibiting the growth of the crystallization of Mo was assessed. The results indicate that phosphate-doped borosilicate glass can host 4 mol% of Mo, and that such a borosilicate glass matrix could only accommodate 1 mol% of Mo without phosphate doping. The effectiveness of phosphorus may be correlated with the Na content in borosilicate glass, and a high Na content borosilicate glass matrix requires more P doping to accommodate Mo. In addition, incorporating large amounts of P can compromise the aqueous durability of the glass matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongchang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Jichuan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhu Cui
- China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Xingquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Debo Yang
- China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Baojian Meng
- China Building Materials Academy, Beijing 100024, China
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Ramlan N, Zubairi SI, Maskat MY. Response Surface Optimisation of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on Borosilicate Glass and Stainless Steel (SS316) to Increase Hydrophobicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113388. [PMID: 35684326 PMCID: PMC9182031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particle deposition on the surface of a drying chamber is the main drawback in the spray drying process, reducing product recovery and affecting the quality of the product. In view of this, the potential application of chemical surface modification to produce a hydrophobic surface that reduces the powder adhesion (biofouling) on the wall of the drying chamber is investigated in this study. A hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution was used in the vertical dipping method at room temperature to determine the optimum coating parameters on borosilicate glass and stainless steel substrates, which were used to mimic the wall surface of the drying chamber, to achieve highly hydrophobic surfaces. A single-factor experiment was used to define the range of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to study the effects of the concentration of the PDMS solution (X1, %) and the treatment duration (X2, h) on the contact angle of the substrates (°), which reflected the hydrophobicity of the surface. A three-dimensional response surface was constructed to examine the influence of the PDMS concentration and treatment duration on contact angle readings, which serve as an indicator of the surface’s hydrophobic characteristics. Based on the optimisation study, the PDMS coating for the borosilicate glass achieved an optimum contact angle of 99.33° through the combination of a PDMS concentration of X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time of X2 = 4.94 h, while the PDMS coating for the stainless steel substrate achieved an optimum contact angle of 98.31° with a PDMS concentration of X1 = 1% (w/v) and treatment time of X2 = 1 h. Additionally, the infrared spectra identified several new peaks that appeared on the PDMS-treated surfaces, which represented the presence of Si-O-Si, Si-CH3, CH2, and CH3 functional groups for the substrates coated with PDMS. Furthermore, the surface morphology analysis using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed the presence of significant roughness and a uniform nanostructure on the surface of the PDMS-treated substrates, which indicates the reduction in wettability and the potential effect of unwanted biofouling on the spray drying chamber. The application of PDMS and PTFE on the optimally coated substrates successfully reduced the amount of full cream milk particles that adhered to the surface. The low surface energy of the treated surface (19–27 mJ/m2) and the slightly higher surface tension of the full cream milk (54–59 mJ/m2) resulted in a high contact angle (102–103°) and reduced the adhesion work on the treated substrates (41–46 mJ/m2) as compared to the native substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Ramlan
- Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Irwan Zubairi
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Tasik Chini Research Centre (PPTC), Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence: author: ; Tel.: +60-11-23526007
| | - Mohamad Yusof Maskat
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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Deng M, Xia X, Deng J, Hu K, Luan C, Ma X, Fan S, Wang P. Effective Anti-Oxidation Repair Coating for C/C Brake Materials Comprising Lead-Borosilicate and Bismuth- Borosilicate Glass. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15082827. [PMID: 35454519 PMCID: PMC9029442 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To achieve effective antioxidation of on-site repair coating for C/C brake materials in the full temperature range (500–900 °C), lead glass and bismuth glass were introduced into the borosilicate glass to acquire the protective coatings. Before preparing coating samples, the thermal gravity characteristics of the lead/bismuth–borosilicate glass powders were analyzed by TG/DSC. The results revealed that the temperature at which weight gain begins was 495 °C and 545 °C, respectively. The oxidation behaviors of the lead- and bismuth-modified borosilicate glass coatings were compared at 500 °C, and the antioxidation properties of the former were further examined from 500 to 900 °C. The oxidation results indicated that mixing lead glass with borosilicate glass realized effective oxidation resistance in the full temperature range. With a lead content of 20%, the lead–borosilicate glass coating was able to protect C/C substrates from oxidation. The corresponding weight loss of the lead-glass-coated samples was −1.89% when oxidized at 500 °C for 10 h, while the weight loss was −2.55% when further oxidized at 900 °C for 10 h. However, mixing bismuth glass with borosilicate glass was difficult to achieve the oxidation resistance of the coating at 500 °C due to the significant phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (M.D.); (X.X.); (K.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (M.D.); (X.X.); (K.H.)
| | - Juanli Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (M.D.); (X.X.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Kaiyue Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; (M.D.); (X.X.); (K.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chenghua Luan
- No. 52 Institute of China North Industry Group, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Xu Ma
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Shangwu Fan
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Xi’an Xinyao Ceramic Composite Material Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710199, China;
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Ishikawa D, Baron AQR. Practical measurement of the energy resolution for meV-resolved inelastic X-ray scattering. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:804-811. [PMID: 33949988 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several different ways of measuring the energy resolution for meV-resolved inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) are compared: using scattering from poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, using scattering from borosilicate glass (Tempax), and using powder diffraction from aluminium. All of these methods provide a reasonable first approximation to the energy resolution, but, also, in all cases, inelastic contributions appear over some range of energy transfers. Over a range of ±15 meV energy transfer there is good agreement between the measurements of PMMA and Tempax at low temperature, and room-temperature powder diffraction from aluminium, so we consider this to be a good indication of the true resolution of our ∼1.3 meV spectrometer. The resolution over a wider energy range is self-consistently determined using the temperature, momentum and sample dependence of the measured response. The inelastic contributions from the PMMA and Tempax, and their dependence on momentum transfer and temperature, are then quantitatively investigated. The resulting data allow us to determine the resolution of our multi-analyzer array efficiently using a single scan. The importance of this procedure is demonstrated by showing that the results of the analysis of a spectrum from a glass are changed by using the properly deconvolved resolution function. The impact of radiation damage on the scattering from PMMA and Tempax is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishikawa
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alfred Q R Baron
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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Schulze T, Mattern K, Erfle P, Brüning D, Scherneck S, Dietzel A, Rustenbeck I. A Parallel Perifusion Slide From Glass for the Functional and Morphological Analysis of Pancreatic Islets. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:615639. [PMID: 33763408 PMCID: PMC7982818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.615639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An islet-on-chip system in the form of a completely transparent microscope slide optically accessible from both sides was developed. It is made from laser-structured borosilicate glass and enables the parallel perifusion of five microchannels, each containing one islet precisely immobilized in a pyramidal well. The islets can be in inserted via separate loading windows above each pyramidal well. This design enables a gentle, fast and targeted insertion of the islets and a reliable retention in the well while at the same time permitting a sufficiently fast exchange of the media. In addition to the measurement of the hormone content in the fractionated efflux, parallel live cell imaging of the islet is possible. By programmable movement of the microscopic stage imaging of five wells can be performed. The current chip design ensures sufficient time resolution to characterize typical parameters of stimulus-secretion coupling. This was demonstrated by measuring the reaction of the islets to stimulation by glucose and potassium depolarization. After the perifusion experiment islets can be removed for further analysis. The live-dead assay of the removed islets confirmed that the process of insertion and removal was not detrimental to islet structure and viability. In conclusion, the present islet-on-chip design permits the practical implementation of parallel perifusion experiments on a single and easy to load glass slide. For each immobilized islet the correlation between secretion, signal transduction and morphology is possible. The slide concept allows the scale-up to even higher degrees of parallelization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schulze
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Mattern
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Per Erfle
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Brüning
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Zhang M, Lv Y, Xu Z, Wang S, Wang J. The Removal of Platinum Group Metals, Cs, Se, and Te from Nuclear Waste Glass Using Liquid Sb Extraction and Phase Separation Methods. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225305. [PMID: 33238639 PMCID: PMC7700306 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs: Pd, Ru, Rh), Cs, Se, and Te from molten borosilicate glass containing simulated high level radwaste through the combination of liquid metal extraction and phase separation method under reductive heat-treatment was studied. In this process, the PGMs were extracted in recovered liquid metal phase, where Sb and Bi metals were used as the collecting metals. Meanwhile, Cs, Se, and Te were enriched in the phase separated potassium-rich materials on glass surface, which were extracted by water. The type of liquid metals had profound influence on the extraction behaviors of PGMs and other fission products from the glass melt. As a result, except the near extraction efficiency of Pd, Sb showed higher affinity for Ru and Rh than Bi metal. The higher phase separation efficiency of potassium-rich materials led to the higher extraction efficiencies of Cs, Se, and Te in liquid Sb extraction than Bi. Among the examined conditions, using liquid Sb extraction, the Pd, Ru, and Rh extraction efficiencies were 78.6%, 62.1% and 100% in liquid Sb metal phase, and 93.76% of Cs, 60.4% of Se, and 23.65% of Te in leachate were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology, and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Ying Lv
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, No. 18, 2nd East Dianzi Road, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Zhanglian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology, and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (S.W.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-177-7897-3029 (Z.X.); +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.); Fax: +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology, and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (S.W.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-177-7897-3029 (Z.X.); +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.); Fax: +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology, and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (S.W.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-177-7897-3029 (Z.X.); +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.); Fax: +86-029-8266-5059 (S.W. & J.W.)
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12
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Yu Y, Keil P, Hansen MR, Edén M. Improved Magnetization Transfers among Quadrupolar Nuclei in Two-Dimensional Homonuclear Correlation NMR Experiments Applied to Inorganic Network Structures. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020337. [PMID: 31947638 PMCID: PMC7024165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that supercycles of previously introduced two-fold symmetry dipolar recoupling schemes may be utilized successfully in homonuclear correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for probing proximities among half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei in network materials undergoing magic-angle-spinning (MAS). These (SR221)M, (SR241)M, and (SR281)M recoupling sequences with M=3 and M=4 offer comparably efficient magnetization transfers in single-quantum–single-quantum (1Q–1Q) correlation NMR experiments under moderately fast MAS conditions, as demonstrated at 14.1 T and 24 kHz MAS in the contexts of 11B NMR on a Na2O–CaO–B2O3–SiO2 glass and 27Al NMR on the open framework aluminophosphate AlPO-CJ19 [(NH4)2Al4(PO4)4HPO4·H2O]. Numerically simulated magnetization transfers in spin–3/2 pairs revealed a progressively enhanced tolerance to resonance offsets and rf-amplitude errors of the recoupling pulses along the series (SR221)M< (SR241)M< (SR281)M for increasing differences in chemical shifts between the two nuclei. Nonetheless, for scenarios of a relatively minor chemical-shift dispersions (≲3 kHz), the (SR221)M supercycles perform best both experimentally and in simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Philipp Keil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, DE-48 149 Münster, Germany; (P.K.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, DE-48 149 Münster, Germany; (P.K.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Mattias Edén
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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Suzuki M, Maruyama S, Umesaki N, Tanaka T. Hydroxyl-Group Identification Using O K-Edge XAFS in Porous Glass Fabricated by Hydrothermal Reaction and Low-Temperature Foaming. Molecules 2019; 24:E3488. [PMID: 31561457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous glass was prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of sodium borosilicate glass, and oxygen-ion characterization was used to identify the hydroxyl groups in its surface area. A substantial amount of “water” was introduced into the ionic structure as either OH− groups or H2O molecules through the hydrothermal reaction. When the hydrothermally treated glass was reheated at normal pressures, a porous structure was formed due to the low-temperature foaming resulting from the evaporation of H2O molecules and softening of the glass. Although it was expected that the OH− groups would remain in the porous glass, their distribution required clarification. Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy enables the bonding states of oxygen ions in the surface area and interior to be characterized using the electron yield (EY) and fluorescence yield (FY) mode, respectively. The presence of OH− groups was detected in the O K-edge XAFS spectrum of the porous glass prepared by hydrothermal reaction with a corresponding pre-edge peak energy of 533.1 eV. In addition, comparison of the XAFS spectra obtained in the EY and FY modes revealed that the OH− groups were mainly distributed in the surface area (depths of several tens of nanometers).
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14
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Naveen Kumar Reddy B, Sailaja S, Thyagarajan K, Jho YD, Sudhakar Reddy B. Emission analysis of Tb 3+ -and Sm 3+ -ion-doped (Li 2 O/Na 2 O/K 2 O) and (Li 2 O + Na 2 O/Li 2 O + K 2 O/K 2 O + Na 2 O)-modified borosilicate glasses. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:486-494. [PMID: 29282869 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Four series of borosilicate glasses modified by alkali oxides and doped with Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions were prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition 74.5B2 O3 + 10SiO2 + 5MgO + R + 0.5(Tb2 O3 /Sm2 O3 ) [where R = 10(Li2 O /Na2 O/K2 O) for series A and C, and R = 5(Li2 O + Na2 O/Li2 O + K2 O/K2 O + Na2 O) for series B and D]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the prepared glasses indicate their amorphous nature. The spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses were studied by optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. A green emission corresponding to the 5 D4 → 7 F5 (543 nm) transition of the Tb3+ ions was registered under excitation at 379 nm for series A and B glasses. The emission spectra of the Sm3+ ions with the series C and D glasses showed strong reddish-orange emission at 600 nm (4 G5/2 →6 H7/2 ) with an excitation wavelength λexci = 404 nm (6 H5/2 →4 F7/2 ). Furthermore, the change in the luminescence intensity with the addition of an alkali oxide and combinations of these alkali oxides to borosilicate glasses doped with Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions was studied to optimize the potential alkali-oxide-modified borosilicate glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Naveen Kumar Reddy
- Department of Physics, Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Sailaja
- Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Thyagarajan
- Department of Physics, JNTUA College of Engineering, Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Young Dahl Jho
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - B Sudhakar Reddy
- Department of Physics, S.V.Degree College, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Department of Physics, SKR&SKR Government Degree College for Women (Autonomous), Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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15
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Gräf S, Kunz C, Müller FA. Formation and Properties of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Glasses. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E933. [PMID: 28796180 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated on different technically relevant glasses including fused silica, borosilicate glass, and soda-lime-silicate glass under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. For this purpose, LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different laser peak fluence, pulse number, and repetition frequency. The generated structures were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam preparation and Fast-Fourier transformation. The results reveal the formation of LIPSS on all investigated glasses. LIPSS formation on soda-lime-silicate glass is determined by remarkable melt-formation as an intra-pulse effect. Differences between the different glasses concerning the appearing structures, their spatial period and their morphology were discussed based on the non-linear absorption behavior and the temperature-dependent viscosity. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on different technically relevant glasses that could be of particular interest for various applications.
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16
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Kumar A, Kashyap K, Hou MT, Yeh JA. Mechanical Strength and Broadband Transparency Improvement of Glass Wafers via Surface Nanostructures. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16060902. [PMID: 27322276 PMCID: PMC4934328 DOI: 10.3390/s16060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we mechanically strengthened a borosilicate glass wafer by doubling its bending strength and simultaneously enhancing its transparency using surface nanostructures for different applications including sensors, displays and panels. A fabrication method that combines dry and wet etching is used for surface nanostructure fabrication. Specifically, we improved the bending strength of plain borosilicate glass by 96% using these surface nanostructures on both sides. Besides bending strength improvement, a limited optical transmittance enhancement of 3% was also observed in the visible light wavelength region (400–800 nm). Both strength and transparency were improved by using surface nanostructures of 500 nm depth on both sides of the borosilicate glass without affecting its bulk properties or the glass manufacturing process. Moreover, we observed comparatively smaller fragments during the breaking of the nanostructured glass, which is indicative of strengthening. The range for the nanostructure depth is defined for different applications with which improvements of the strength and transparency of borosilicate glass substrate are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Kumar
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Kunal Kashyap
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Max T Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, No.2, Lienda, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
| | - J Andrew Yeh
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, 20, R&D Road VI, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
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17
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Ponsot IMMM, Pontikes Y, Baldi G, Chinnam RK, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Bernardo E. Magnetic Glass Ceramics by Sintering of Borosilicate Glass and Inorganic Waste. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:5565-5580. [PMID: 28788146 PMCID: PMC5456182 DOI: 10.3390/ma7085565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ceramics and glass ceramics based on industrial waste have been widely recognized as competitive products for building applications; however, there is a great potential for such materials with novel functionalities. In this paper, we discuss the development of magnetic sintered glass ceramics based on two iron-rich slags, coming from non-ferrous metallurgy and recycled borosilicate glass. The substantial viscous flow of the glass led to dense products for rapid treatments at relatively low temperatures (900–1000 °C), whereas glass/slag interactions resulted in the formation of magnetite crystals, providing ferrimagnetism. Such behavior could be exploited for applying the obtained glass ceramics as induction heating plates, according to preliminary tests (showing the rapid heating of selected samples, even above 200 °C). The chemical durability and safety of the obtained glass ceramics were assessed by both leaching tests and cytotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès M M M Ponsot
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
| | - Yiannis Pontikes
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium.
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Research Centre (Ce.Ri.Col.), via Pietramarina 53, 50053 Sovigliana Vinci (FI), Italy.
| | - Rama K Chinnam
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
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Abstract
Inorganic extractables from glass vials may cause particle formation in the drug solution. In this study, the ability of eluting Al ion from borosilicate glass vials, and tendencies of precipitation containing Al were investigated using various pHs of phosphate, citrate, acetate and histidine buffer. Through heating, all of the buffers showed that Si and Al were eluted from glass vials in ratios almost the same as the composition of borosilicate glass, and the amounts of Al and Si from various buffer solutions at pH 7 were in the following order: citrate > phosphate > acetate > histidine. In addition, during storage after heating, the Al concentration at certain pHs of phosphate and acetate buffer solution decreased, suggesting the formation of particles containing Al. In citrate buffer, Al did not decrease in spite of the high elution amount. Considering that the solubility profile of aluminum oxide and the Al eluting profile of borosilicate glass were different, it is speculated that Al ion may be forced to leach into the buffer solution according to Si elution on the surface of glass vials. When Al ions were added to the buffer solutions, phosphate, acetate and histidine buffer showed a decrease of Al concentration during storage at a neutral range of pHs, indicating the formation of particles containing Al. In conclusion, it is suggested that phosphate buffer solution has higher possibility of forming particles containing Al than other buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ogawa
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Hiratsuka, Kanagawa , Japan and
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Kim ND, Hill SJ. Sorption of lead and thallium on borosilicate glass and polypropylene: Implications for analytical chemistry and soil science. Environ Technol 1993; 14:1015-1026. [PMID: 29016273 DOI: 10.1080/09593339309385378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of 10-100 ppb lead and thallium by borosilicate glass and polypropylene surfaces was studied. No thallium was adsorbed by either substrate at pH 7.0. About 50-60% of the lead was adsorbed by borosilicate glass at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0, with statistically indistinguishable conditional equilibrium constants (KD* values) of 1.47±0.40 mL cm-2 and 1.80±0.11 mL cm-2, respectively. Polypropylene adsorbed significantly more lead than borosilicate glass at pH 7.0 (80.9%, KD* =5.33±0.45 mL cm-2), and substantially less at pH 5.5 (16.7%, KD* = 0.27±0.03 mL cm-2), indicating a fundamental change in the nature of the polypropylene surface. All adsorption data fitted Freundlich plots. Preliminary experiments indicate that at pH 5.5, a fraction of the lead sequestered by the borosilicate glass may be bound irreversibly by migrating into the glass matrix. The results suggest that tectosilicates and silicate glasses may represent important adsorbents of some heavy metals in soils, despite showing very low intrinsic cation exchange capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Stefan J Hill
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton , New Zealand
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20
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Abstract
Time-index of refraction isotherms for a borosilicate glass in the transformation region have been established. By comparing two quenched glasses of the same index, one quenched after attaining equilibrium at a given temperature and the other quenched from a temperature at which the specimen was approaching a higher value of index, curves similar to the one obtained by Ritland in comparing rate cooled and quenched specimens are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spinner
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C
| | - Albert Napolitano
- Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C
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