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Ye D, Chen S, Liu Y, Weixel C, Hu Z, Yuan J, Chen H. Mechanically manipulating glymphatic transport by ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212933120. [PMID: 37186852 PMCID: PMC10214201 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212933120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a perivascular fluid transport system for waste clearance. Glymphatic transport is believed to be driven by the perivascular pumping effect created by the pulsation of the arterial wall caused by the cardiac cycle. Ultrasound sonication of circulating microbubbles (MBs) in the cerebral vasculature induces volumetric expansion and contraction of MBs that push and pull on the vessel wall to generate a MB pumping effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether glymphatic transport can be mechanically manipulated by focused ultrasound (FUS) sonication of MBs. The glymphatic pathway in intact mouse brains was studied using intranasal administration of fluorescently labeled albumin as fluid tracers, followed by FUS sonication at a deep brain target (thalamus) in the presence of intravenously injected MBs. Intracisternal magna injection, the conventional technique used in studying glymphatic transport, was employed to provide a comparative reference. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy imaging of optically cleared brain tissue revealed that FUS sonication enhanced the transport of fluorescently labeled albumin tracer in the perivascular space (PVS) along microvessels, primarily the arterioles. We also obtained evidence of FUS-enhanced penetration of the albumin tracer from the PVS into the interstitial space. This study revealed that ultrasound combined with circulating MBs could mechanically enhance glymphatic transport in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Charlotte Weixel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63130
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Liu JX, Fang CL, Zhang K, Ma RF, Zhou HS, Chen L, Wang QL, Lu YX, Wang TH, Xiong LL. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography detection on cerebrovascular flow for evaluating neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy modeling. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:962001. [PMID: 37250420 PMCID: PMC10213400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.962001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD) in evaluating neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling through monitoring the alteration of cerebrovascular flow in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rats. Methods Postnatal 7-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the control group, HI group, and hypoxia (H) group. TCD was applied to assess the changes of cerebral blood vessels, cerebrovascular flow velocity, and heart rate (HR) in sagittal and coronal sections at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after the operation. For accuracy, cerebral infarct of rats was examined by 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Nissl staining to simultaneously verify the establishment of NHIE modeling. Results Coronal and sagittal TCD scans revealed obvious alteration of cerebrovascular flow in main cerebral vessels. Obvious cerebrovascular back-flow was observed in anterior cerebral artery (ACA), basilar artery (BA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) of HI rats, along with accelerated cerebrovascular flows in the left internal carotid artery (ICA-L) and BA, decreased flows in right internal carotid artery (ICA-R) relative to those in the H and control groups. The alterations of cerebral blood flows in neonatal HI rats indicated successful ligation of right common carotid artery. Besides, TTC staining further validated the cerebral infarct was indeed caused due to ligation-induced insufficient blood supply. Damage to nervous tissues was also revealed by Nissl staining. Conclusion Cerebral blood flow assessment by TCD in neonatal HI rats contributed to cerebrovascular abnormalities observed in a real-time and non-invasive way. The present study elicits the potentials to utilize TCD as an effective means for monitoring the progression of injury as well as NHIE modeling. The abnormal appearance of cerebral blood flow is also beneficial to the early warning and effective detection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Le Fang
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- School of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shantou Ultrasonic Instrument Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Fang Ma
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Su Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- School of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Thakar M, Noumbissi ME, Stins MF. Microvascular Environment Influences Brain Microvascular Heterogeneity: Relative Roles of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes for the EPCR Expression in the Brain Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6908. [PMID: 37108071 PMCID: PMC10138692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmortem neuropathology shows clear regional differences in many brain diseases. For example, brains from cerebral malaria (CM) patients show more hemorrhagic punctae in the brain's white matter (WM) than grey matter (GM). The underlying reason for these differential pathologies is unknown. Here, we assessed the effect of the vascular microenvironment on brain endothelial phenotype, focusing endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). We demonstrate that the basal level of EPCR expression in cerebral microvessels is heterogeneous in the WM compared to the GM. We used in vitro brain endothelial cell cultures and showed that the upregulation of EPCR expression was associated with exposure to oligodendrocyte conditioned media (OCM) compared to astrocyte conditioned media (ACM). Our findings shed light on the origin of the heterogeneity of molecular phenotypes at the microvascular level and might help better understand the variation in pathology seen in CM and other neuropathologies associated with vasculature in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Thakar
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Midrelle E. Noumbissi
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Monique F. Stins
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
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Vandenbulcke S, De Pauw T, Dewaele F, Degroote J, Segers P. Computational fluid dynamics model to predict the dynamical behavior of the cerebrospinal fluid through implementation of physiological boundary conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1040517. [PMID: 36483773 PMCID: PMC9722737 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics play an important role in maintaining a stable central nervous system environment and are influenced by different physiological processes. Multiple studies have investigated these processes but the impact of each of them on CSF flow is not well understood. A deeper insight into the CSF dynamics and the processes impacting them is crucial to better understand neurological disorders such as hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, and intracranial hypertension. This study presents a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which incorporates physiological processes as boundary conditions. CSF production and pulsatile arterial and venous volume changes are implemented as inlet boundary conditions. At the outlets, 2-element windkessel models are imposed to simulate CSF compliance and absorption. The total compliance is first tuned using a 0D model to obtain physiological pressure pulsations. Then, simulation results are compared with in vivo flow measurements in the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS) and cerebral aqueduct, and intracranial pressure values reported in the literature. Finally, the impact of the distribution of and total compliance on CSF pressures and velocities is evaluated. Without respiration effects, compliance of 0.17 ml/mmHg yielded pressure pulsations with an amplitude of 5 mmHg and an average value within the physiological range of 7-15 mmHg. Also, model flow rates were found to be in good agreement with reported values. However, when adding respiration effects, similar pressure amplitudes required an increase of compliance value to 0.51 ml/mmHg, which is within the range of 0.4-1.2 ml/mmHg measured in vivo. Moreover, altering the distribution of compliance over the four different outlets impacted the local flow, including the flow through the foramen magnum. The contribution of compliance to each outlet was directly proportional to the outflow at that outlet. Meanwhile, the value of total compliance impacted intracranial pressure. In conclusion, a computational model of the CSF has been developed that can simulate CSF pressures and velocities by incorporating boundary conditions based on physiological processes. By tuning these boundary conditions, we were able to obtain CSF pressures and flows within the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vandenbulcke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (IBiTech-bioMMeda), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim De Pauw
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Dewaele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Degroote
- Department of Electromechanical Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (IBiTech-bioMMeda), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Meombe Mbolle A, Yang H, Jiang H. Photoacoustic imaging for in vivo quantification of alcohol-induced structural and functional changes in cerebral vasculature in high alcohol-preferring mice (HAP). Alcohol 2022; 100:23-30. [PMID: 35085740 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced structural and functional changes were studied in vivo by photoacoustic tomography (PAT) of the cerebrovascular system in selectively bred alcohol-preferring mice. High (HAP) and low (LAP) alcohol-preferring mice are replicate lines of mice selectively bred to prefer 10% (v/v) ethanol to water and water to ethanol, respectively, in a free-access two-bottle choice scenario. A cohort of 15 singly-housed alcohol-preferring mice (five HAP mice for the experimental group, five LAP mice for the control group, and five other LAP mice set aside) were given free-access two-bottle choice 10% ethanol (v/v) and water in 50-mL graduated drinking bottles mounted on each of their cages for 4 weeks prior to PAT brain scanning. A daily log of the volume of ethanol consumed over a 24-h period was kept. At the end of the fourth week, blood samples were collected from the HAP mice and blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) were measured to ascertain their levels of ethanol intoxication. The mice were then grouped into five weight-matched pairs of HAP and LAP for comparison purposes, and noninvasive in vivo PAT imaging was performed on each weight-matched pair. To mimic a binge drinking paradigm, mice were rearranged into four weight-matched groups of three animals each: an HAP mouse and two LAP mice. For each group, one HAP mouse and one LAP mouse received a 20% ethanol solution via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection after 24 h of ethanol abstinence, in weight-based doses of 3 g/kg prior to imaging, while the last LAP mouse received a sham i.p. injection. PAT images of the brain were collected for 30 min thereafter. Cerebral vascular diameters for selected vessels of interest were extracted from the PAT images and compared between HAP mice and LAP mice. For the binge scenario, changes in vessel diameter and hemoglobin oxygen saturation were extracted from PAT images and studied over a 30-min duration. Vascular diameter was significantly smaller in HAP mice compared to LAP mice in weight-matched pairs. Hemoglobin-oxygen saturation and vessel diameter dropped more quickly in LAP mice than in HAP mice following a 20% ethanol i.p. injection (3 g/kg), with a 32% reduction in cerebrovascular diameter in a 30-min period. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PAT in alcohol addiction imaging and diagnosis, and its feasibility in studying alcohol-induced changes in vascular structure and perfusion. It also adds to other bodies of evidence to suggest that the effects of binge drinking are more adverse in occasional drinkers than habitual drinkers.
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Youwakim J, Girouard H. Inflammation: A Mediator Between Hypertension and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1014-1030. [PMID: 34136907 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanistic link between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases remains to be understood. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait for both hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation at the systemic and central nervous system levels is now recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of hypertension. This review speculates that inflammation represents a mediator between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases, either by a decrease in cerebral blood flow or a disruption of the blood-brain barrier which will, in turn, let inflammatory cells and neurotoxic molecules enter the brain parenchyma. This may impact brain functions including cognition and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review will thus discuss the relationship between hypertension, systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular functions, neuroinflammation, and brain dysfunctions. The potential clinical future of immunotherapies against hypertension and associated cerebrovascular risks will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Youwakim
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériaterie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Frost M, Keable A, Baseley D, Sealy A, Andreea Zbarcea D, Gatherer M, Yuen HM, Sharp MM, Weller RO, Attems J, Smith C, Chiarot PR, Carare RO. Vascular α1A Adrenergic Receptors as a Potential Therapeutic Target for IPAD in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090261. [PMID: 32971843 PMCID: PMC7560129 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain occurs via the intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) pathways along the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries against the direction of blood flow into the brain. The cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) provide the motive force for driving IPAD, and their decrease in function may explain the deposition of amyloid-beta as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease. The α-adrenoceptor subtype α1A is abundant in the brain, but its distribution in the cerebral vessels is unclear. We analysed cultured human cerebrovascular SMCs and young, old and CAA human brains for (a) the presence of α1A receptor and (b) the distribution of the α1A receptor within the cerebral vessels. The α1A receptor was present on the wall of cerebrovascular SMCs. No significant changes were observed in the vascular expression of the α1A-adrenergic receptor in young, old and CAA cases. The pattern of vascular staining appeared less punctate and more diffuse with ageing and CAA. Our results show that the α1A-adrenergic receptor is preserved in cerebral vessels with ageing and in CAA and is expressed on cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting that vascular adrenergic receptors may hold potential for therapeutic targeting of IPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Frost
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Abby Keable
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Dan Baseley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Amber Sealy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Diana Andreea Zbarcea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Maureen Gatherer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Ho Ming Yuen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Matt MacGregor Sharp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Roy O. Weller
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newacstle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK;
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Paul R. Chiarot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Roxana O. Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.F.); (A.K.); (D.B.); (A.S.); (D.A.Z.); (M.G.); (H.M.Y.); (M.M.S.); (R.O.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Soubam P, Mishra S, Suri A, Dhingra R, Mochan S, Lalwani S, Roy TS, Mahapatra AK. Standardization of the technique of silicon injection of human cadaveric heads for opacification of cerebral vasculature in Indian conditions. Neurol India 2018; 66:439-443. [PMID: 29547168 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.227303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A surgeon's understanding of the surgical anatomy can be greatly enhanced by the dissection of preserved cadaveric specimens. A reliable and inexpensive biological model for testing and standardization of dye injection concentrations is proposed utilizing the goat's head as a biological model. The first phase was concerned with standardization of the dye by titrating its concentration and injecting various amounts into cerebral vessels of a goat's head until an optimal concentration had been ascertained. In the second phase, this optimum concentration of the dye was injected into four human cadaveric heads following the same technique standardized using the goat's head. Upon dissecting the four cadaveric human heads which were injected with silicon dyes and preserved in 10% formalin, the vessels were all well-opacified and the brain was of near normal consistency and good for dissection, without showing any features of putrefaction. The goat model, having similar color, texture, and the handling as the cadaveric head, offers an opportunity to test indigenously manufactured polymerizing dyes in the future. This biological model, therefore, has the potential to considerably reduce the cost of cadaver preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkinson Soubam
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashwat Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Dhingra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sankat Mochan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - T S Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K Mahapatra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Wang Y, Li M, Dong F, Zhang J, Zhang F. Physical exercise-induced protection on ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19859-19866. [PMID: 26884896 PMCID: PMC4723741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is any bodily activity to enhance or maintain physical fitness and overall health and wellness. A series of associated studies have demonstrated that physical exercise could alleviate the infarct volume, increase the collateral circulation, promote endothelial progenitor cells, improve cerebral blood flow after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we summed up the protective effects of physical exercise on cerebral blood flow (CBF), vascular endothelium, vascular vasodilation, endothelial progenitor cells and collateral circulation. An awareness of the exercise intervention benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may encourage more patients with cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction and people with high risk factors to accept exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key LaboratoryShijiazhuang 050051, P. R. China
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Kalchenko V, Israeli D, Kuznetsov Y, Meglinski I, Harmelin A. A simple approach for non-invasive transcranial optical vascular imaging (nTOVI). J Biophotonics 2015; 8:897-901. [PMID: 25924020 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of cerebral vasculature is highly vital for clinicians and medical researchers alike. For a number of years non-invasive optical-based imaging of brain vascular network by using standard fluorescence probes has been considered as impossible. In the current paper controverting this paradigm, we present a robust non-invasive optical-based imaging approach that allows visualize major cerebral vessels at the high temporal and spatial resolution. The developed technique is simple to use, utilizes standard fluorescent dyes, inexpensive micro-imaging and computation procedures. The ability to clearly visualize middle cerebral artery and other major vessels of brain vascular network, as well as the measurements of dynamics of blood flow are presented. The developed imaging approach has a great potential in neuroimaging and can significantly expand the capabilities of preclinical functional studies of brain and notably contribute for analysis of cerebral blood circulation in disorder models. An example of 1 × 1.5 cm color-coded image of brain blood vessels of mouse obtained in vivo by transcranial optical vascular imaging (TOVI) approach through the intact cranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Kalchenko
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - David Israeli
- Jerusalem Center for Mental Health, affiliated with the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuri Kuznetsov
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Jack Dodd Centre for Quantum Technology, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-9014, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Wang X, Zhang M, Feng R, Li WB, Ren SQ, Zhang J, Zhang F. Physical exercise training and neurovascular unit in ischemic stroke. Neuroscience 2014; 271:99-107. [PMID: 24780769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise could exert a neuroprotective effect in both clinical studies and animal experiments. A series of related studies have indicated that physical exercise could reduce infarct volume, alleviate neurological deficits, decrease blood-brain barrier dysfunction, promote angiogenesis in cerebral vascular system and increase the survival rate after ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarized the protective effects of physical exercise on neurovascular unit (NVU), including neurons, astrocytes, pericytes and the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that exercise training could decrease the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and promote angiogenesis in cerebral vascular system. An awareness of the exercise intervention benefits pre- and post stroke may lead more stroke patients and people with high-risk factors to accept exercise therapy for the prevention and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - R Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - W B Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - S Q Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China; Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Iadecola
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 E. 61st Street, New York, NY, USA.
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Baburamani AA, Ek CJ, Walker DW, Castillo-Melendez M. Vulnerability of the developing brain to hypoxic-ischemic damage: contribution of the cerebral vasculature to injury and repair? Front Physiol 2012; 3:424. [PMID: 23162470 PMCID: PMC3493883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As clinicians attempt to understand the underlying reasons for the vulnerability of different regions of the developing brain to injury, it is apparent that little is known as to how hypoxia-ischemia may affect the cerebrovasculature in the developing infant. Most of the research investigating the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia has focused on excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and an inflammatory response, with the response of the developing cerebrovasculature receiving less attention. This is surprising as the presentation of devastating and permanent injury such as germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GM-IVH) and perinatal stroke are of vascular origin, and the origin of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) may also arise from poor perfusion of the white matter. This highlights that cerebrovasculature injury following hypoxia could primarily be responsible for the injury seen in the brain of many infants diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Interestingly the highly dynamic nature of the cerebral blood vessels in the fetus, and the fluctuations of cerebral blood flow and metabolic demand that occur following hypoxia suggest that the response of blood vessels could explain both regional protection and vulnerability in the developing brain. However, research into how blood vessels respond following hypoxia-ischemia have mostly been conducted in adult models of ischemia or stroke, further highlighting the need to investigate how the developing cerebrovasculature responds and the possible contribution to perinatal brain injury following hypoxia. This review discusses the current concepts on the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury, the development of the fetal cerebrovasculature and the blood brain barrier (BBB), and key mediators involved with the response of cerebral blood vessels to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University Göteborg, Sweden
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Abstract
Cerebral ischemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality with little advancement in subacute treatment options. This review aims to cover and discuss novel insight obtained during the last decade into plastic changes in the vasoconstrictor receptor profiles of cerebral arteries and microvessels that takes place after different types of stroke. Receptors like the endothelin type B, angiotensin type 1, and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1B/1D receptors are upregulated in the smooth muscle layer of cerebral arteries after different types of ischemic stroke as well as after subarachnoid hemorrhage, yielding rather dramatic changes in the contractility of the vessels. Some of the signal transduction processes mediating this receptor upregulation have been elucidated. In particular the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, which is activated early in the process, has proven to be a promising therapeutic target for prevention of vasoconstrictor receptor upregulation after stroke. Together, those findings provide new perspectives on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and point toward a novel way of reducing vasoconstriction, neuronal cell death, and thus neurologic deficits after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars I H Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University, Glostrup Hospital Research Park, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nicolakakis N, Aboulkassim T, Ongali B, Lecrux C, Fernandes P, Rosa-Neto P, Tong XK, Hamel E. Complete rescue of cerebrovascular function in aged Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice by antioxidants and pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist. J Neurosci 2008; 28:9287-96. [PMID: 18784309 PMCID: PMC6670922 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3348-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using aged ( approximately 16 months) amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice that exhibit increased production of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide and severe cerebrovascular and memory deficits, we examined the capacity of in vivo treatments with the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and tempol, or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone to rescue cerebrovascular function and selected markers of AD neuropathology. Additionally, we tested the ability of pioglitazone to normalize the impaired increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose uptake (CGU) induced by whisker stimulation, and to reverse spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze. All compounds fully restored cerebrovascular reactivity of isolated cerebral arteries concomitantly with changes in proteins regulating oxidative stress, without reducing brain Abeta levels or Abeta plaque load. Pioglitazone, but not NAC, significantly attenuated astroglial activation and improved, albeit nonsignificantly, the reduced cortical cholinergic innervation. Furthermore, pioglitazone completely normalized the CBF and CGU responses to increased neuronal activity, but it failed to improve spatial memory. Our results are the first to demonstrate that late pharmacological intervention with pioglitazone not only overcomes cerebrovascular dysfunction and altered neurometabolic coupling in aged APP mice, but also counteracts cerebral oxidative stress, glial activation, and, partly, cholinergic denervation. Although early or combined therapy may be warranted to improve cognition, these findings unequivocally point to pioglitazone as a most promising strategy for restoring cerebrovascular function and counteracting several AD markers detrimental to neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, and
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
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