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Incocciati A, Kubeš J, Piacentini R, Cappelletti C, Botta S, Bertuccini L, Šimůnek T, Boffi A, Macone A, Bonamore A. Hydrophobicity-enhanced ferritin nanoparticles for efficient encapsulation and targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs to tumor cells. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4819. [PMID: 37883077 PMCID: PMC10661074 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, a naturally occurring iron storage protein, has gained significant attention as a drug delivery platform due to its inherent biocompatibility and capacity to encapsulate therapeutic agents. In this study, we successfully genetically engineered human H ferritin by incorporating 4 or 6 tryptophan residues per subunit, strategically oriented towards the inner cavity of the nanoparticle. This modification aimed to enhance the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs into the ferritin cage. Comprehensive characterization of the mutants revealed that only the variant carrying four tryptophan substitutions per subunit retained the ability to disassemble and reassemble properly. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the loading capacity of this mutant with ellipticine, a natural hydrophobic indole alkaloid with multimodal anticancer activity. Our data demonstrated that this specific mutant exhibited significantly higher efficiency in loading ellipticine compared to human H ferritin. Furthermore, to evaluate the versatility of this hydrophobicity-enhanced ferritin nanoparticle as a drug carrier, we conducted a comparative study by also encapsulating doxorubicin, a commonly used anticancer drug. Subsequently, we tested both ellipticine and doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles on a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, demonstrating efficient uptake by these cells and resulting in the expected cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Roberta Piacentini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Center of Life Nano‐ and Neuro‐ScienceItalian Institute of TechnologyRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Cappelletti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sofia Botta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alessandra Bonamore
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Oh J, Lee HH, Jeong Y, Yoon S, An HJ, Baek M, Kim DK, Lee S. Paradoxical Pro-angiogenic Effect of Low-Dose Ellipticine Identified by In Silico Drug Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169067. [PMID: 34445773 PMCID: PMC8396501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vessel maintenance or growth causes ischemia in diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, developing an effective strategy to salvage ischemic tissues using a novel compound is urgent. Drug repurposing has become a widely used method that can make drug discovery more efficient and less expensive. Additionally, computational virtual screening tools make drug discovery faster and more accurate. This study found a novel drug candidate for pro-angiogenesis by in silico virtual screening. Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets related to angiogenesis studies, differentially expressed genes were identified and characteristic direction signatures extracted from GEO2EnrichR were used as input data on L1000CDS2 to screen pro-angiogenic molecules. After a thorough review of the candidates, a list of compounds structurally similar to TWS-119 was generated using ChemMine Tools and its clustering toolbox. ChemMine Tools and ChemminR structural similarity search tools for small-molecule analysis and clustering were used for second screening. A molecular docking simulation was conducted using AutoDock v.4 to evaluate the physicochemical effect of secondary-screened chemicals. A cell viability or toxicity test was performed to determine the proper dose of the final candidate, ellipticine. As a result, we found ellipticine, which has pro-angiogenic effects, using virtual computational methods. The noncytotoxic concentration of ellipticine was 156.25 nM. The phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β was decreased, whereas the β-catenin expression was increased in human endothelial cells treated with ellipticine. We concluded that ellipticine at sublethal dosage could be successfully repositioned as a pro-angiogenic substance by in silico virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Oh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Hae Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Yunhui Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Siyeong Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Hyun-Ju An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Minjung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- CHA Graduate School of Medicine, 120 Hyeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Korea;
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-5289; Fax: +82-31-881-7114
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Sharma V, Gupta M, Kumar P, Sharma A. A Comprehensive Review on Fused Heterocyclic as DNA Intercalators: Promising Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:15-42. [PMID: 33213325 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of DNA intercalating agents (by Lerman, 1961), a growing number of organic, inorganic, and metallic compounds have been developed to treat life-threatening microbial infections and cancers. Fused-heterocycles are amongst the most important group of compounds that have the ability to interact with DNA. DNA intercalators possess a planar aromatic ring structure that inserts itself between the base pairs of nucleic acids. Once inserted, the aromatic structure makes van der Waals interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the base pairs. The DNA intercalator may also contain an ionizable group that can form ionic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. After the intercalation, other cellular processes could take place, leading ultimately to cell death. The heterocyclic nucleus present in the DNA intercalators can be considered as a pharmacophore that plays an instrumental role in dictating the affinity and selectivity exhibited by these compounds. In this work, we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation and cleaving and exert their antitumor activity. A general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying particular attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials, is provided. Advancement in spectroscopic techniques studying DNA interaction can be examined in-depth, yielding important information on structure-activity relationships. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the introduction to fused heterocyclic agents with DNA interacting features, from medicinal point of view. The structure-activity relationships points, cytotoxicity data, and binding data and future perspectives of medicinal compounds have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201308, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Atul Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Mackrill JJ, Kehoe RA, Zheng L, McKee ML, O'Sullivan EC, Prestwich BMD, McCarthy FO. Inhibitory Properties of Aldehydes and Related Compounds against Phytophthora infestans-Identification of a New Lead. Pathogens 2020; 9:E542. [PMID: 32645837 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogen Phytophthora infestans is responsible for catastrophic crop damage on a global scale which totals billions of euros annually. The discovery of new inhibitors of this organism is of paramount agricultural importance and of critical relevance to food security. Current strategies for crop treatment are inadequate with the emergence of resistant strains and problematic toxicity. Natural products such as cinnamaldehyde have been reported to have fungicidal properties and are the seed for many new discovery research programmes. We report a probe of the cinnamaldehyde framework to investigate the aldehyde subunit and its role in a subset of aromatic aldehydes in order to identify new lead compounds to act against P. infestans. An ellipticine derivative which incorporates an aldehyde (9-formyl-6-methyl ellipticine, 34) has been identified with exceptional activity versus P. infestans with limited toxicity and potential for use as a fungicide.
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Costa de Oliveira R, Soares Pontes G, Kostyuk A, Coutinho Camargo GB, Dhyani A, Shvydenko T, Shvydenko K, Grafov A. Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Novel Water-Soluble Derivative of Ellipticine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092130. [PMID: 32370100 PMCID: PMC7248987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still remains a major public health concern around the world and the search for new potential antitumor molecules is essential for fighting the disease. This study evaluated the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of the newly synthetized ellipticine derivate: sodium bromo-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-7-sulfonate (Br-Ell-SO3Na). It was prepared by the chlorosulfonation of 9-bromoellipticine. The ellipticine-7-sulfonic acid itself is not soluble, but its saponification with sodium hydroxide afforded a water-soluble sodium salt. The cytotoxicity of Br-Ell-SO3Na was tested against cancerous (K562 cell line) and non-cancerous cells (Vero cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)) using a Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry and the immunomodulatory activity was analyzed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the Br-Ell-SO3Na molecule has specific anticancer activity (IC50 = 35 µM) against the K562 cell line, once no cytotoxicity effect was verified against non-cancerous cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that K562 cells treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na were arrested in the phase S. Moreover, the production of IL-6 increased and the expression of IL-8 was inhibited in the human PBMC treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na. The results demonstrated that Br-Ell-SO3Na is a promising anticancer molecule attested by its noteworthy activity against the K562 tumor cell line and immunomodulatory activity in human PBMC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriel B. Coutinho Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Anamika Dhyani
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Kostiantyn Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Neuber-Hess M, Patel J, Hurst TE, Mewburn JD, Lima PDA, Alizadeh E, Martin A, Wells M, Snieckus V, Archer SL. Identification of novel dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) GTPase inhibitors: Therapeutic potential of Drpitor1 and Drpitor1a in cancer and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2019; 34:1447-1464. [PMID: 31914641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is important in physiological processes, including coordination of mitochondrial and nuclear division during mitosis, and pathologic processes, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). Mitochondrial fission is mainly mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a large GTPase. The GTPase activity of Drp1 is essential for its fissogenic activity. Therefore, we aimed to identify Drp1 inhibitors and evaluate their anti-neoplastic and cardioprotective properties in five cancer cell lines (A549, SK-MES-1, SK-LU-1, SW 900, and MCF7) and an experimental cardiac IR injury model. Virtual screening of a chemical library revealed 17 compounds with high predicted affinity to the GTPase domain of Drp1. In silico screening identified an ellipticine compound, Drpitor1, as a putative, potent Drp1 inhibitor. We also synthesized a congener of Drpitor1 to remove the methoxymethyl group and reduce hydrolytic lability (Drpitor1a). Drpitor1 and Drpitor1a inhibited the GTPase activity of Drp1 without inhibiting the GTPase of dynamin 1. Drpitor1 and Drpitor1a have greater potency than the current standard Drp1 GTPase inhibitor, mdivi-1, (IC50 for mitochondrial fragmentation are 0.09, 0.06, and 10 μM, respectively). Both Drpitors reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Drpitor1a suppressed lung cancer tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Drpitor1a also inhibited mitochondrial ROS production, prevented mitochondrial fission, and improved right ventricular diastolic dysfunction during IR injury. In conclusion, Drpitors are useful tools for understanding mitochondrial dynamics and have therapeutic potential in treating cancer and cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jignesh Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy E Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patricia D A Lima
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Martin
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Wells
- Office of Partnerships and Innovation, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Michalkova H, Strmiska V, Kudr J, Skubalova Z, Tesarova B, Svec P, Richtera L, Zitka O, Adam V, Heger Z. Tuning the surface coating of IONs toward efficient sonochemical tethering and sustained liberation of topoisomerase II poisons. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7609-7624. [PMID: 31571866 PMCID: PMC6756273 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been increasingly utilized in a wide spectrum of biomedical applications. Surface coatings of IONs can bestow a number of exceptional properties, including enhanced stability of IONs, increased loading of drugs or their controlled release. Methods Using two-step sonochemical protocol, IONs were surface-coated with polyoxyethylene stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone or chitosan for a loading of two distinct topo II poisons (doxorubicin and ellipticine). The cytotoxic behavior was tested in vitro against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and healthy epithelial cells (HEK-293 and HBL-100). In addition, biocompatibility studies (hemotoxicity, protein corona formation, binding of third complement component) were performed. Results Notably, despite surface-coated IONs exhibited only negligible cytotoxicity, upon tethering with topo II poisons, synergistic or additional enhancement of cytotoxicity was found in MDA-MB-231 cells. Pronounced anti-migratory activity, DNA fragmentation, decrease in expression of procaspase-3 and enhancement of p53 expression were further identified upon exposure to surface-coated IONs with tethered doxorubicin and ellipticine. Moreover, surface-coated IONs nanoformulations of topo II poisons exhibited exceptional stability in human plasma with no protein corona and complement 3 binding, and only a mild induction of hemolysis in human red blood cells. Conclusion The results imply a high potential of an efficient ultrasound-mediated surface functionalization of IONs as delivery vehicles to improve therapeutic efficiency of topo II poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Skubalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Tesarova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.,Smart Nanodevices Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno CZ-621 00, Czech Republic
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Procházková E, Cao C, Rawal A, Dračínský M, Bhattacharyya S, Císařová I, Hook JM, Stenzel MH. Polymorphic Transformation of Drugs Induced by Glycopolymeric Vesicles Designed for Anticancer Therapy Probed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:28278-28288. [PMID: 31290309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of the drug-polymer interactions in micellar drug delivery systems and what happens with the drug and the polymer once the complex has formed is essential for the rational design of the polymeric matrices suitable for a particular drug. In this work, glycopolymeric vesicles-a block copolymer, poly(1-O-methacryloyl-β-d-fructopyranose)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), (PFru36-PMMA160),-designed to target tumor cells loaded with two drugs, ellipticine and curcumin, were characterized. Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with CASTEP calculations shed light on the nature of the drug, the polymer, and their interactions. While the low drug loading (ca. 5%) ensured that the structure, size, and shape of the polymeric vesicles did not change significantly, the solid-state forms of the drugs changed markedly. Upon loading into the vesicles, ellipticine favored a highly ordered form distinctly different from the bulk drug as indicated by 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the CASTEP-calculated 13C spectra derived from crystallographic data based on the lowest mean absolute error showed the best match with form I. Moreover, ellipticine before loading was found as a new polymorph and was described by single-crystal XRD as a new orthorhombic Form III. Likewise, curcumin, originally present in monoclinic Form I was found to recrystallize as metastable orthorhombic Form II inside the vesicles. Intermolecular interactions between the polymeric vesicles and the drugs, ellipticine as well as curcumin, were detected using 2D 1H magic angle spinning experiments, indicating that the drugs are localized in the hydrophobic layer of the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivana Císařová
- Faculty of Science , Charles University , Prague 128 43 , Czech Republic
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Miller CM, O'Sullivan EC, McCarthy FO. Novel 11-Substituted Ellipticines as Potent Anticancer Agents with Divergent Activity against Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E90. [PMID: 31207878 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticines have well documented anticancer activity, in particular with substitution at the 1-, 2-, 6- and 9-positions. However, due to limitations in synthesis and coherent screening methodology the full SAR profile of this anticancer class has not yet been achieved. In order to address this shortfall, we have set out to explore the anticancer activity of this potent natural product by substitution. We currently describe the synthesis of novel 11-substituted ellipticines with two specific derivatives showing potency and diverging cellular growth effects.
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Cerna T, Hrabeta J, Eckschlager T, Frei E, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid Exerts a Synergistic Cytotoxicity with the DNA-Damaging Drug Ellipticine in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E164. [PMID: 29304031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) originates from undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Chemotherapy is judged to be suitable for successful treatment of this disease. Here, the influence of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA) combined with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic, ellipticine, on UKF-NB-4 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was investigated. Treatment of these cells with ellipticine in combination with VPA led to the synergism of their anticancer efficacy. The effect is more pronounced in the UKF-NB-4 cell line, the line with N-myc amplification, than in SH-SY5Y cells. This was associated with caspase-3-dependent induction of apoptosis in UKF-NB-4 cells. The increase in cytotoxicity of ellipticine in UKF-NB-4 by VPA is dictated by the sequence of drug administration; the increased cytotoxicity was seen only after either simultaneous exposure to these drugs or after pretreatment of cells with ellipticine before their treatment with VPA. The synergism of treatment of cells with VPA and ellipticine seems to be connected with increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4. Further, co-treatment of cells with ellipticine and VPA increased the formation of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, which indicates an easier accessibility of ellipticine to DNA in cells by its co-treatment with VPA and also resulted in higher ellipticine cytotoxicity. The results are promising for in vivo studies and perhaps later for clinical studies of combined treatment of children suffering from high-risk NBL.
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Wen HL, Yang G, Dong QR. Ellipticine inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the STAT3 pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:219-224. [PMID: 28555524 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1327963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) is an alkaloid isolated from Apocyanaceae plants. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ellipticine on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA-FLSs were exposed to different concentrations of ellipticine (i.e., 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μM) for 24-72h and measured for viability, proliferation and apoptosis. The involvement of signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the action of ellipticine was determined by Western blot analysis, luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments. RESULTS Ellipticine treatment significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of RA-FLSs in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, ellipticine exposure did not alter the viability of normal human FLSs. Moreover, ellipticine triggered significant apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity in RA-FLSs. Mechanistically, ellipticine reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and downregulated the expression of Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ellipticine treatment led to a significant inhibition of STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity in RA-FLSs. Overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 reversed the suppressive effects of ellipticine on RA-FLSs, which was accompanied by restoration of Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Ellipticine shows anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on RA-FLSs through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway and may have therapeutic potential in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Long Wen
- a Department of Orthopedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Guang Yang
- a Department of Orthopedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Qi-Rong Dong
- a Department of Orthopedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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Skalickova S, Nejdl L, Kudr J, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Jimenez AMJ, Kopel P, Kremplova M, Masarik M, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Adam V, Kizek R. Fluorescence Characterization of Gold Modified Liposomes with Antisense N-myc DNA Bound to the Magnetisable Particles with Encapsulated Anticancer Drugs (Doxorubicin, Ellipticine and Etoposide). Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:290. [PMID: 26927112 PMCID: PMC4813865 DOI: 10.3390/s16030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liposome-based drug delivery systems hold great potential for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to design a nanodevice for targeted anchoring of liposomes (with and without cholesterol) with encapsulated anticancer drugs and antisense N-myc gene oligonucleotide attached to its surface. To meet this main aim, liposomes with encapsulated doxorubicin, ellipticine and etoposide were prepared. They were further characterized by measuring their fluorescence intensity, whereas the encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 16%. The hybridization process of individual oligonucleotides forming the nanoconstruct was investigated spectrophotometrically and electrochemically. The concentrations of ellipticine, doxorubicin and etoposide attached to the nanoconstruct in gold nanoparticle-modified liposomes were found to be 14, 5 and 2 µg·mL−1, respectively. The study succeeded in demonstrating that liposomes are suitable for the transport of anticancer drugs and the antisense oligonucleotide, which can block the expression of the N-myc gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana Maria Jimenez Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Kremplova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-12840 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital, Motol V Uvalu 84, CZ-15006 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Studenovský M, Sedláček O, Hrubý M, Pánek J, Ulbrich K. Multi-responsive polymer micelles as ellipticine delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:753-757. [PMID: 25667454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the synthesis and physicochemical properties of a novel pH- and thermoresponsive micellar drug delivery system for an anticancer ellipticinium derivative based on the triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-[tert-butylacrylamide-co-6-(N-methacryloylamino)hexanoic acid hydrazide]-block-poly(ethylene oxide). The system was designed to meet the basic criteria required for drug carrier systems, namely, solubility in water (overcoming the insolubility of ellipticine), satisfactory drug loading, particle size suitable for an efficient enhanced permeability and retention effect and adequate stability in blood plasma (pH 7.4) followed by rapid drug release in tumors or tumor cell endosomes (pH<6.5). The copolymer in the form of a unimer can be eliminated by kidneys because the weight-average molecular weight of 21 kDa is sufficiently below the renal threshold. The half-life of drug release in a pH 5.0 buffer solution (pH of a late endosome) was ~45 h, but a negligible amount of the free ellipticine derivative was detected at pH 7.4 (pH of blood). Consequently, this supramolecular polymer conjugate is a good candidate for the delivery of ellipticine-based drugs and will therefore be subjected to more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Studenovský
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang H, Yang L, Rempel GL. Preparation of pH-responsive polymer core-shell nanospheres for delivery of hydrophobic antineoplastic drug ellipticine. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:166-72. [PMID: 24106137 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antineoplastic drug ellipticine and its derivatives are used in human cancer therapy. However, their clinical applications have been limited by its great hydrophobicity and severe side effects. An efficient delivery system is therefore very desirable. In this research, an ellipticine-loaded core-shell structured nanosphere namely poly(DEAEMA)-poly(PEGMA) is designed as a drug carrier and prepared via a two-step semibatch emulsion polymerization method where DEAEMA and PEGMA represent 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, respectively. The in-vitro release profiles of ellipticine towards the different pH liposome vesicles are recorded as a function of time at 37 °C. It is found that release of ellipticine from the core-shell polymer matrix is a pH-responsive and controlled release process. The three pH's of 3, 4, and 5 trigger a significant ellipticine release of 88% after 98 h, 83% after 98 h, and 79% after 122 h, respectively. The release mechanism of ellipticine from the core-shell polymer matrix under acidic conditions is explored. The synthesis and encapsulation process developed herein provides a new perspective for the development of appropriate delivery systems to deliver the ellipticine and its analogues, as well as other types of hydrophobic drugs to a given target cell or tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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Wu Y, Sadatmousavi P, Wang R, Lu S, Yuan YF, Chen P. Self-assembling peptide-based nanoparticles enhance anticancer effect of ellipticine in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3221-33. [PMID: 22802684 PMCID: PMC3396387 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Applications of the anticancer agent, ellipticine, have been limited by its hydrophobicity and toxicity. An efficient delivery system is required to exploit the enormous potential of this compound. Recently, EAK16-II, an ionic-complementary, self-assembling peptide, has been found to stabilize ellipticine in aqueous solution. Here, the anticancer activity of ellipticine encapsulated in EAK16-II (EAK-EPT) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our cellular uptake, toxicity, and apoptosis results in an A549 human lung carcinoma cell line indicate that EAK-EPT complexes are significantly more effective than treatment with EAK16-II or ellipticine alone. This is due to the ability of EAK16-II to stabilize ellipticine in a protonated state in well formed nanostructures approximately 200 nm in size. In vivo observations in an A549 nude mouse tumor model show higher antitumor activity and lower cytotoxicity of EAK-EPT complexes than in the control group treated with ellipticine alone. Tumor growth in animals was significantly inhibited after treatment with EAK-EPT complexes, and without any apparent side effects. CONCLUSION The anticancer activity observed in this study coupled with minimal side effects encourages further development of peptide-mediated delivery of anticancer drugs, ellipticine in the present case, for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Poljaková J, Eckschlager T, Hřebačková J, Hraběta J, Stiborová M. The comparison of cytotoxicity of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and ellipticine to human neuroblastoma cells. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008; 1:186-9. [PMID: 21218110 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent, whose mode of action is based mainly on DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II and formation of covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. Here, the cytotoxicity of ellipticine to human neuroblastoma derived cell lines IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 was investigated. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with ellipticine was compared with that of these cancer cells with doxorubicin. The toxicity of ellipticine was essentially the same as that of doxorubicin to UKF-NB-4 cells, but doxorubicin is much more effective to inhibit the growth of the IMR-32 cell line than ellipticine. Hypoxic conditions used for the cell cultivation resulted in a decrease in ellipticine and/or doxorubicin toxicity to IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 neuroblastoma cells.
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Zamaratskaia G, Zlabek V. EROD and MROD as Markers of Cytochrome P450 1A Activities in Hepatic Microsomes from Entire and Castrated Male Pigs. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:2134-47. [PMID: 22574004 DOI: 10.3390/s90302134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized the kinetic parameters of 7-ethoxy-resorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation (MROD) in hepatic microsomes from entire and castrated male pigs. Validation parameters of an HPLC-based method to analyse EROD and MROD activities are also described. Eadie-Hofstee plot analysis demonstrated a biphasic kinetic of EROD, indicating that at least two forms of cytochrome P450 are involved in this reaction. MROD followed monophasic kinetic, suggesting that a single enzyme, or enzymes with similar affinities, is responsible for the reaction. Inhibitory effects of α-naphthoflavone (ANF), ellipticine and furafylline were studied using microsomes from entire and castrated male pigs. ANF is a known inhibitor of both cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2); the presence of ANF in the incubations resulted in the inhibition of both EROD and MROD activities in porcine liver microsomes. EROD activities in porcine liver microsomes were also inhibited by selective CYP1A1 inhibitor ellipticine, but not by CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline. MROD activities were strongly inhibited by ellipticine and to a much lesser extent by furafylline. Further studies are needed to evaluate substrate specificities of porcine CYP1A1 and CYP1A2.
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Aimová D, Poljaková J, Kotrbová V, Moserová M, Frei E, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Ellipticine and benzo(a)pyrene increase their own metabolic activation via modulation of expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008; 1:160-8. [PMID: 21218107 PMCID: PMC2993483 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two compounds known to covalently bind to DNA after their activation with cytochromes P450 (CYPs), carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and an antineoplastic agent ellipticine, were investigated for their potential to induce CYP and NADPH:CYP reductase (POR) enzymes in rodent livers, the main target organ for DNA adduct formation. Two animal models were used in the study: (i) rats as animals mimicking the fate of ellipticine in humans and (ii) mice, especially wild-type (WT) and hepatic POR null (HRN™) mouse lines. Ellipticine and BaP induce expression of CYP1A enzymes in livers of experimental models, which leads to increase in their enzymatic activity. In addition, both compounds are capable of generating DNA adducts, predominantly in livers of studied organisms. As determined by (32)P postlabelling analysis, levels of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts formed in vivo in the livers of HRN™ mice were reduced (by up to 65%) relative to levels in WT mice, indicating that POR mediated CYP enzyme activity is important for the activation of ellipticine. In contrast to these results, 6.4 fold higher DNA binding of BaP was observed in the livers of HRN™ mice than in WT mice. This finding suggests a detoxication role of CYP1A in BaP metabolism in vivo. In in vitro experiments, DNA adduct formation in calf thymus DNA was up to 25 fold higher in incubations of ellipticine or BaP with microsomes from pretreated animals than with controls. This stimulation effect was attributed to induction of CYP1A1/2 enzymes, which are responsible for oxidative activation of both compounds to the metabolites generating major DNA adducts in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that by inducing CYP1A1/2, ellipticine and BaP modulate their own enzymatic metabolic activation and detoxication, thereby modulating their either pharmacological (ellipticine) and/or genotoxic potential (both compounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Aimová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jitka Poljaková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Věra Kotrbová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Eva Frei
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
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Abstract
Abnormality of p53, a tumor suppressor gene, is considered to be a potential cause of malignancy. We found that ellipticine and 9-hydroxyellipticine (9HE), antitumor alkaloids, caused selective inhibition of p53 protein phosphorylation in Lewis lung carcinoma and SW480 (human colon cancer cell line) in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.1 to 100 microM. 9HE suppressed cdk2 kinase activity concentration-dependently from 1 to 100 microM. By contrast, the inhibition of p53 protein phosphorylation by elliptinium and elliprabin (N2 substituted derivatives of 9HE) was very weak. A good correlation was observed between p53 phosphorylation inhibition and cytotoxic activity of these agents in terms of concentration-response relationships, suggesting that inhibition of p53 protein phosphorylation via kinase inhibition may be involved in the anticancer mechanism of these agents. In addition, this study demonstrated that brief exposure to 9HE caused apoptosis of cancer cells. It is suggested that accumulation of dephosphorylated mutant p53 may induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohashi
- Lead Optimization Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Saitama
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