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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains problematic with a pressing need for innovation in drug development as well as delivery of personalized therapies. Both the disease's inherent pathophysiologic complexity and heterogeneity in its etiology conspire in making it difficult to accurately model for either the purposes of basic research or drug development. Multiple attempts at creating meaningful experimental models have fallen short of adequately recapitulating the disease and most do not capture any aspect of the cause or the effects of patient heterogeneity that underlays most of the difficulties faced by physicians and their patients. In vivo animal models, tissue culture systems, and more recent synthetic biology approaches are all too simplistically reductionist for the task. However, ex vivo culture platforms utilizing patient biopsies offer a system that more closely mimics end-stage disease processes that can be studied in detail and subjected to experimental manipulations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies describe further optimization of mucosal explant cultures in order to increase tissue viability and maintain a polarized epithelial layer. Current applications of the platform include studies of the interplay between the epithelial, immune and stromal compartment of the intestinal tissue, investigation of host-microbial interactions, preclinical evaluation of candidate drugs and uncovering mechanisms of action of established or emerging treatments for IBD. SUMMARY Patient explant-based assays offer an advanced biological system in IBD that recapitulates disease complexity and reflects the heterogeneity of the patient population. In its current stage of development, the system can be utilized for drug testing prior to the costlier and time-consuming evaluation by clinical trials. Further refinement of the technology and establishment of assay readouts that correlate with therapeutic outcomes will yield a powerful tool for personalized medicine approaches in which individual patient responses to available treatments are assessed a priori, thus reducing the need for trial and error within the clinical setting.
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Kulasinghe A, Perry C, Warkiani ME, Blick T, Davies A, O'Byrne K, Thompson EW, Nelson CC, Vela I, Punyadeera C. Short term ex-vivo expansion of circulating head and neck tumour cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60101-60109. [PMID: 27517751 PMCID: PMC5312371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive techniques are required for the identification of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who are at an increased risk of metastasis, or are not responding to therapy. An approach utilised in other solid cancers is the identification and enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of patients. Low numbers of CTCs has been a limiting factor in the HNC field to date. Here we present a methodology to expand HNC patient derived CTCs ex-vivo. As a proof of principle study, 25 advanced stage HNC patient bloods were enriched for circulating tumour cells through negative selection and cultured in 2D and 3D culture environments under hypoxic conditions (2% O2, 5% CO2). CTCs were detected in 14/25 (56%) of patients (ranging from 1–15 CTCs/5 mL blood). Short term CTC cultures were successfully generated in 7/25 advanced stage HNC patients (5/7 of these cultures were from HPV+ patients). Blood samples from which CTC culture was successful had higher CTC counts (p = 0.0002), and were predominantly from HPV+ patients (p = 0.007). This is, to our knowledge, the first pilot study to culture HNC CTCs ex-vivo. Further studies are warranted to determine the use of short term expansion in HNC and the role of HPV in promoting culture success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Wolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Segal D. Live Imaging of Myogenesis in Indirect Flight Muscles in Drosophila. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2377. [PMID: 34541118 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The indirect flight muscles (IFMs) are the largest muscles in the fly, making up the bulk of the adult thorax. IFMs in Drosophila are generated during pupariation by fusion of hundreds of muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) with larval muscle templates (myotubes). Prominent features, including the large number of fusion events, the structural similarity to vertebrate muscles, and the amenability to the powerful genetic techniques of the Drosophila system make the IFMs an attractive system to study muscle cell fusion. Here we describe methods for live imaging of IFMs, both in intact pupae, and in isolated IFMs ex-vivo. The protocols elaborated upon here were used in the manuscript by ( Segal et al., 2016 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Segal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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