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Thomas PB, Alinezhad S, Joshi A, Sweeney K, Tse BWC, Tevz G, McPherson S, Nelson CC, Williams ED, Vela I. Introduction of Androgen Receptor Targeting shRNA Inhibits Tumor Growth in Patient-Derived Prostate Cancer Xenografts. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9437-9447. [PMID: 37999103 PMCID: PMC10670201 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been established as important preclinical cancer models, overcoming some of the limitations associated with the use of cancer cell lines. The utility of prostate cancer PDX models has been limited by an inability to genetically manipulate them in vivo and difficulties sustaining PDX-derived cancer cells in culture. Viable, short-term propagation of PDX models would allow in vitro transfection with traceable reporters or manipulation of gene expression relevant to different studies within the prostate cancer field. Here, we report an organoid culture system that supports the growth of prostate cancer PDX cells in vitro and permits genetic manipulation, substantially increasing the scope to use PDXs to study the pathobiology of prostate cancer and define potential therapeutic targets. We have established a short-term PDX-derived in vitro cell culture system which enables genetic manipulation of prostate cancer PDXs LuCaP35 and BM18. Genetically manipulated cells could be re-established as viable xenografts when re-implanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice and were able to be serially passaged. Tumor growth of the androgen-dependent LuCaP35 PDX was significantly inhibited following depletion of the androgen receptor (AR) in vivo. Taken together, this system provides a method to generate novel preclinical models to assess the impact of controlled genetic perturbations and allows for targeting specific genes of interest in the complex biological setting of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Saeid Alinezhad
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andre Joshi
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Katrina Sweeney
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Brian W. C. Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Gregor Tevz
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (P.B.T.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Adams MN, Croft LV, Urquhart A, Saleem MAM, Rockstroh A, Duijf PHG, Thomas PB, Ferguson GP, Najib IM, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Nagaraj S, Williams ED, Nelson CC, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B) modulates the DNA damage and androgen-induced transcriptional response in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:628-640. [PMID: 36811381 PMCID: PMC10953336 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the DNA damage response impact the prostate cancer (PCa) treatment modalities of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy. Here, we have evaluated a role for human single-strand binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2) in modulation of the cellular response to androgens and ionizing radiation (IR). hSSB1 has defined roles in transcription and maintenance of genome stability, yet little is known about this protein in PCa. METHODS We correlated hSSB1 with measures of genomic instability across available PCa cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Microarray and subsequent pathway and transcription factor enrichment analysis were performed on LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that hSSB1 expression in PCa correlates with measures of genomic instability including multigene signatures and genomic scars that are reflective of defects in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks via homologous recombination. In response to IR-induced DNA damage, we demonstrate that hSSB1 regulates cellular pathways that control cell cycle progression and the associated checkpoints. In keeping with a role for hSSB1 in transcription, our analysis revealed that hSSB1 negatively modulates p53 and RNA polymerase II transcription in PCa. Of relevance to PCa pathology, our findings highlight a transcriptional role for hSSB1 in regulating the androgen response. We identified that AR function is predicted to be impacted by hSSB1 depletion, whereby this protein is required to modulate AR gene activity in PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a key role for hSSB1 in mediating the cellular response to androgen and DNA damage via modulation of transcription. Exploiting hSSB1 in PCa might yield benefits as a strategy to ensure a durable response to ADT and/or radiotherapy and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura V. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aaron Urquhart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Anja Rockstroh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Data ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Diamantina InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Genevieve P. Ferguson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Idris Mohd Najib
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Shivashankar Nagaraj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kenneth J. O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Cancer ServicesPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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Tang YH, Rockstroh A, Sokolowski KA, Lynam LR, Lehman M, Thompson EW, Gregory PA, Nelson CC, Volpert M, Hollier BG. Neuropilin-1 is over-expressed in claudin-low breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through acquisition of stem cell characteristics and RAS/MAPK pathway activation. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:8. [PMID: 35078508 PMCID: PMC8787892 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a relatively poor prognosis and responses to targeted therapies. Between 25 and 39% of TNBCs are claudin-low, a poorly differentiated subtype enriched for mesenchymal, stem cell and mitogen-activated signaling pathways.
We investigated the role of the cell-surface co-receptor NRP1 in the biology of claudin-low TNBC. Methods The clinical prognostic value of NRP1 was determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis. GSVA analysis of METABRIC and Oslo2 transcriptomics datasets was used to correlate NRP1 expression with claudin-low gene signature scores. NRP1 siRNA knockdown was performed in MDA-MB-231, BT-549, SUM159 and Hs578T claudin-low cells and proliferation and viability measured by live cell imaging and DNA quantification. In SUM159 orthotopic xenograft models using NSG mice, NRP1 was suppressed by shRNA knockdown or systemic treatment with the NRP1-targeted monoclonal antibody Vesencumab. NRP1-mediated signaling pathways were interrogated by protein array and Western blotting. Results High NRP1 expression was associated with shorter relapse- and metastasis-free survival specifically in ER-negative BrCa cohorts. NRP1 was over-expressed specifically in claudin-low clinical samples and cell lines, and NRP1 knockdown reduced proliferation of claudin-low cells and prolonged survival in a claudin-low orthotopic xenograft model. NRP1 inhibition suppressed expression of the mesenchymal and stem cell markers ZEB1 and ITGA6, respectively, compromised spheroid-initiating capacity and exerted potent anti-tumor effects on claudin-low orthotopic xenografts (12.8-fold reduction in endpoint tumor volume). NRP1 was required to maintain maximal RAS/MAPK signaling via EGFR and PDGFR, a hallmark of claudin-low tumors. Conclusions These data implicate NRP1 in the aggressive phenotype of claudin-low breast cancer and offer a novel targeted therapeutic approach to this poor prognosis subtype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01501-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hin Tang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Layla-Rose Lynam
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Marianna Volpert
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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4
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Bock N, Kryza T, Shokoohmand A, Röhl J, Ravichandran A, Wille ML, Nelson CC, Hutmacher DW, Clements JA. In vitro engineering of a bone metastases model allows for study of the effects of antiandrogen therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg2564. [PMID: 34193425 PMCID: PMC8245033 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While androgen-targeted therapies are routinely used in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), their effect is poorly understood in treating bone metastatic lesions and ultimately results in the development of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we used an all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue combining human osteoprogenitor cells, 3D printing and prostate cancer cells, to assess the effects of the antiandrogens, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide in this microenvironment. We demonstrate that cancer/bone stroma interactions and antiandrogens drive cancer progression in a mineralized microenvironment. Probing the bone microenvironment with enzalutamide led to stronger cancer cell adaptive responses and osteomimicry than bicalutamide. Enzalutamide presented with better treatment response, in line with enzalutamide delaying time to bone-related events and enzalutamide extending survival in mCRPC. The all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue presented here represents a substantial advance to dissect the role of the bone tumor microenvironment and responses to therapies for mCPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Joan Röhl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Marie-Luise Wille
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Mechanical Medical, and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Mechanical Medical, and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
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5
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Philp LK, Rockstroh A, Sadowski MC, Taherian Fard A, Lehman M, Tevz G, Libério MS, Bidgood CL, Gunter JH, McPherson S, Bartonicek N, Wade JD, Otvos L, Nelson CC. Leptin antagonism inhibits prostate cancer xenograft growth and progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:353-375. [PMID: 33794502 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyperleptinaemia is a well-established therapeutic side effect of drugs inhibiting the androgen axis in prostate cancer (PCa), including main stay androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen targeted therapies (ATT). Given significant crossover between the adipokine hormone signalling of leptin and multiple cancer-promoting hallmark pathways, including growth, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, metabolism and inflammation, targeting the leptin axis is therapeutically appealing, especially in advanced PCa where current therapies fail to be curative. In this study, we uncover leptin as a novel universal target in PCa and are the first to highlight increased intratumoural leptin and leptin receptor (LEPR) expression in PCa cells and patients' tumours exposed to androgen deprivation, as is observed in patients' tumours of metastatic and castrate resistant (CRPC) PCa. We also reveal the world-first preclinical evidence that demonstrates marked efficacy of targeted leptin-signalling blockade, using Allo-aca, a potent, specific, and safe LEPR peptide antagonist. Allo-aca-suppressed tumour growth and delayed progression to CRPC in mice bearing LNCaP xenografts, with reduced tumour vascularity and altered pathways of apoptosis, transcription/translation, and energetics in tumours determined as potential mechanisms underpinning anti-tumour efficacy. We highlight LEPR blockade in combination with androgen axis inhibition represents a promising new therapeutic strategy vital in advanced PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor Tevz
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle S Libério
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles L Bidgood
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE, LLC, Audubon, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Young RSE, Bowman AP, Williams ED, Tousignant KD, Bidgood CL, Narreddula VR, Gupta R, Marshall DL, Poad BLJ, Nelson CC, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA, Sadowski MC, Blanksby SJ. Apocryphal FADS2 activity promotes fatty acid diversification in cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108738. [PMID: 33567271 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical fatty acid metabolism describes specific enzyme-substrate interactions that result in products with well-defined chain lengths, degree(s), and positions of unsaturation. Deep profiling of lipids across a range of prostate cancer cell lines reveals a variety of fatty acids with unusual site(s) of unsaturation that are not described by canonical pathways. The structure and abundance of these unusual lipids correlate with changes in desaturase expression and are strong indicators of cellular phenotype. Gene silencing and stable isotope tracing demonstrate that direct Δ6 and Δ8 desaturation of 14:0 (myristic), 16:0 (palmitic), and 18:0 (stearic) acids by FADS2 generate new families of unsaturated fatty acids (including n-8, n-10, and n-12) that have rarely-if ever-been reported in human-derived cells. Isomer-resolved lipidomics reveals the selective incorporation of these unusual fatty acids into complex structural lipids and identifies their presence in cancer tissues, indicating functional roles in membrane structure and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Charles L Bidgood
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | | | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Shane R Ellis
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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Philp LK, Rockstroh A, Lehman M, Sadowski MC, Bartonicek N, Wade JD, Otvos L, Nelson CC. Adiponectin receptor activation inhibits prostate cancer xenograft growth. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:711-729. [PMID: 33112829 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine originally identified as dysregulated in obesity, with a key role in insulin sensitisation and in maintaining systemic energy balance. However, adiponectin is progressively emerging as having aberrant signalling in multiple disease states, including prostate cancer (PCa). Circulating adiponectin is lower in patients with PCa than in non-malignant disease, and inversely correlates with cancer severity. More severe hypoadiponectinemia is observed in advanced PCa than in organ-confined disease. Given the crossover between adiponectin signalling and several cancer hallmark pathways that influence PCa growth and progression, we hypothesised that targeting dysregulated adiponectin signalling may inhibit tumour growth and progression. We, therefore, aimed to test the efficacy of correcting the hypoadiponectinemia and dysregulated adiponectin signalling observed in PCa, a world-first PCa therapeutic approach, using peptide adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR) agonist ADP355 in mice bearing subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. We demonstrate significant evidence for PCa growth inhibition by ADP355, which slowed tumour growth and delayed progression of serum PCa biomarker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), compared to vehicle. ADP355 conferred a significant advantage by increasing time on treatment with a delayed ethical endpoint. mRNA sequencing and protein expression analyses of tumours revealed ADP355 PCa growth inhibition may be through altered cellular energetics, cellular stress and protein synthesis, which may culminate in apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased apoptotic marker in ADP355-treated tumours. Our findings highlight the efficacy of ADP355 in targeting classical adiponectin-associated signalling pathways in vivo and provide insights into the promising future for modulating adiponectin signalling through ADIPOR agonism as a novel anti-tumour treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE, LLC, Audubon, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Kumar R, Bidgood CL, Levrier C, Gunter JH, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC, Davis RA. Synthesis of a Unique Psammaplysin F Library and Functional Evaluation in Prostate Cancer Cells by Multiparametric Quantitative Single Cell Imaging. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2357-2366. [PMID: 32691595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spirooxepinisoxazoline alkaloid psammaplysin F (1) was selected as a scaffold for the generation of a unique screening library for both drug discovery and chemical biology research. Large-scale extraction and isolation chemistry was performed on a marine sponge (Hyattella sp.) collected from the Great Barrier Reef in order to acquire >200 mg of the desired bromotyrosine-derived alkaloidal scaffold. Parallel solution-phase semisynthesis was employed to generate a series of psammaplysin-based urea (2-9) and amide analogues (10-11) in low to moderate yields. The chemical structures of all analogues were characterized using NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of psammaplysin F and all semisynthetic analogues was determined as 6R, 7R by comparison of ECD data with literature values. All compounds (1-11) were evaluated for their effect on cell cycle distribution and changes to cancer metabolism in LNCaP prostate cancer cells using a multiparametric quantitative single-cell imaging approach. These investigations identified that in LNCaP cells psammaplysin F and some urea analogues caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, fragmentation of the mitochondrial tubular network, chromosome misalignment, and cell cycle arrest in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Kumar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Charles L Bidgood
- Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Claire Levrier
- Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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9
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Tousignant KD, Rockstroh A, Poad BLJ, Talebi A, Young RSE, Taherian Fard A, Gupta R, Zang T, Wang C, Lehman ML, Swinnen JV, Blanksby SJ, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC. Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32577235 PMCID: PMC7304214 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprograming, non-mutational epigenetic changes, increased cell plasticity, and multidrug tolerance are early hallmarks of therapy resistance in cancer. In this temporary, therapy-tolerant state, cancer cells are highly sensitive to ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is caused by oxidative stress through excess levels of iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, mechanisms underpinning therapy-induced ferroptosis hypersensitivity remain to be elucidated. Methods We used quantitative single-cell imaging of fluorescent metabolic probes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to perform a longitudinal analysis of the adaptive response to androgen receptor-targeted therapies (androgen deprivation and enzalutamide) in prostate cancer (PCa). Results We discovered that cessation of cell proliferation and a robust reduction in bioenergetic processes were associated with multidrug tolerance and a strong accumulation of lipids. The gain in lipid biomass was fueled by enhanced lipid uptake through cargo non-selective (macropinocytosis, tunneling nanotubes) and cargo-selective mechanisms (lipid transporters), whereas de novo lipid synthesis was strongly reduced. Enzalutamide induced extensive lipid remodeling of all major phospholipid classes at the expense of storage lipids, leading to increased desaturation and acyl chain length of membrane lipids. The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Combination treatments against AR and fatty acid desaturation, lipase activities, or growth medium supplementation with antioxidants or PUFAs altered GPX4 dependence. Conclusions Our work provides mechanistic insight into processes of lipid metabolism that underpin the acquisition of therapy-induced GPX4 dependence and ferroptosis hypersensitivity to standard of care therapies in PCa. It demonstrates novel strategies to suppress the therapy-tolerant state that may have potential to delay and combat resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies, a currently unmet clinical challenge of advanced PCa. Since enhanced GPX4 dependence is an adaptive phenotype shared by several types of cancer in response to different therapies, our work might have universal implications for our understanding of metabolic events that underpin resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Talebi
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tuo Zang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Yeh MC, Tse BWC, Fletcher NL, Houston ZH, Lund M, Volpert M, Stewart C, Sokolowski KA, Jeet V, Thurecht KJ, Campbell DH, Walsh BJ, Nelson CC, Russell PJ. Targeted beta therapy of prostate cancer with 177Lu-labelled Miltuximab® antibody against glypican-1 (GPC-1). EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:46. [PMID: 32382920 PMCID: PMC7206480 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chimeric antibody Miltuximab®, a human IgG1 engineered from the parent antibody MIL-38, is in clinical development for solid tumour therapy. Miltuximab® targets glypican-1 (GPC-1), a cell surface protein involved in tumour growth, which is overexpressed in solid tumours, including prostate cancer (PCa). This study investigated the potential of 89Zr-labelled Miltuximab® as an imaging agent, and 177Lu-labelled Miltuximab® as a targeted beta therapy, in a mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer. METHODS Male BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with GPC-1-positive DU-145 PCa cells. In imaging and biodistribution studies, mice bearing palpable tumours received (a) 2.62 MBq [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Miltuximab® followed by PET-CT imaging, or (b) 6 MBq [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® by Cerenkov imaging, and ex vivo assessment of biodistribution. In an initial tumour efficacy study, mice bearing DU-145 tumours were administered intravenously with 6 MBq [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® or control DOTA-Miltuximab® then euthanised after 27 days. In a subsequent survival efficacy study, tumour-bearing mice were given 3 or 10 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab®, or control, and followed up to 120 days. RESULTS Antibody accumulation in DU-145 xenografts was detected by PET-CT imaging using [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Miltuximab® and confirmed by Cerenkov luminescence imaging post injection of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab®. Antibody accumulation was higher (% IA/g) in tumours than other organs across multiple time points. A single injection with 6 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® significantly inhibited tumour growth as compared with DOTA-Miltuximab® (control). In the survival study, mice treated with 10 MBq [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab® had significantly prolonged survival (mean 85 days) versus control (45 days), an effect associated with increased cancer cell apoptosis. Tissue histopathology assessment showed no abnormalities associated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab®, in line with other observations of tolerability, including body weight stability. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the potential utility of Miltuximab® as a PET imaging agent ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-Miltuximab®) and a beta therapy ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Miltuximab®) in patients with PCa or other GPC-1 expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Yeh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre in Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Queensland, Building 57 University Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zachary H Houston
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre in Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Queensland, Building 57 University Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Lund
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2, Ground Floor 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Marianna Volpert
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Chelsea Stewart
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre in Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Queensland, Building 57 University Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Douglas H Campbell
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2, Ground Floor 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2, Ground Floor 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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11
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Thomas PB, Seim I, Jeffery PL, Gahete MD, Maugham M, Crisp GJ, Stacey A, Shah ET, Walpole C, Whiteside EJ, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Luque RM, Veedu RN, Chopin LK. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS facilitates breast cancer cell migration and orthotopic xenograft tumour growth. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1223-1236. [PMID: 31638176 PMCID: PMC6831199 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in cancer, and have critical roles in tumour development and progression. The present study investigated the ghrelin receptor antisense lncRNA growth hormone secretagogue receptor opposite strand (GHSROS) in breast cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that GHSROS expression was significantly upregulated in breast tumour tissues compared with normal breast tissue. Induced overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line significantly increased cell migration in vitro, without affecting cell proliferation, a finding similar to our previous study on lung cancer cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed a significant repression of a small cluster of major histocompatibility class II genes and enrichment of immune response pathways; this phenomenon may allow tumour cells to better evade the immune system. Ectopic overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 cell line significantly increased orthotopic xenograft growth in mice, suggesting that in vitro culture does not fully capture the function of this lncRNA. This study demonstrated that GHSROS may serve a relevant role in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the function and therapeutic potential of this lncRNA in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michelle Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Crisp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Stacey
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University & Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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12
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Levrier C, Rockstroh A, Gabrielli B, Kavallaris M, Lehman M, Davis RA, Sadowski MC, Nelson CC. Discovery of thalicthuberine as a novel antimitotic agent from nature that disrupts microtubule dynamics and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:652-668. [PMID: 28749250 PMCID: PMC5976206 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1356512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the mechanism of action of the natural product thalicthuberine (TH) in prostate and cervical cancer cells. TH induced a strong accumulation of LNCaP cells in mitosis, severe mitotic spindle defects, and asymmetric cell divisions, ultimately leading to mitotic catastrophe accompanied by cell death through apoptosis. However, unlike microtubule-binding drugs (vinblastine and paclitaxel), TH did not directly inhibit tubulin polymerization when tested in a cell-free system, whereas it reduced cellular microtubule polymer mass in LNCaP cells. This suggests that TH indirectly targets microtubule dynamics through inhibition of a critical regulator or tubulin-associated protein. Furthermore, TH is not a major substrate for P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is responsible for multidrug resistance in numerous cancers, providing a rationale to further study TH in cancers with Pgp-mediated treatment resistance. The identification of TH's molecular target in future studies will be of great value to the development of TH as potential treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Levrier
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- c The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute ; Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- d Tumour Biology and Targeting Program , Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW , Australia.,e ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , UNSW Australia , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,f Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Rohan A Davis
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- a Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland , School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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13
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Maugham ML, Seim I, Thomas PB, Crisp GJ, Shah ET, Herington AC, Gregory LS, Nelson CC, Jeffery PL, Chopin LK. Limited short-term effects on human prostate cancer xenograft growth and epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression by the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys 3]-GHRP-6. Endocrine 2019; 64:393-405. [PMID: 30390209 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ghrelin axis regulates many physiological functions (including appetite, metabolism, and energy balance) and plays a role in disease processes. As ghrelin stimulates prostate cancer proliferation, the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 is a potential treatment for castrate-resistant prostate cancer and for preventing the metabolic consequences of androgen-targeted therapies. We therefore explored the effect of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 on PC3 prostate cancer xenograft growth. METHODS NOD/SCID mice with PC3 prostate cancer xenografts were administered 20 nmoles/mouse [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 daily by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days and tumour volume and weight were measured. RNA sequencing of tumours was conducted to investigate expression changes following [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 treatment. A second experiment, extending treatment time to 18 days and including a higher dose of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (200 nmoles/mouse/day), was undertaken to ensure repeatability. RESULTS We demonstrate here that daily intraperitoneal injection of 20 nmoles/mouse [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 reduces PC3 prostate cancer xenograft tumour volume and weight in NOD/SCID mice at two weeks post treatment initiation. RNA-sequencing revealed reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in these tumours. Further experiments demonstrated that the effects of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 are transitory and lost after 18 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We show that [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 has transitory effects on prostate xenograft tumours in mice, which rapidly develop an apparent resistance to the antagonist. Although further studies on [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 are warranted, we suggest that daily treatment with the antagonist is not a suitable treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Patrick B Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Crisp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura S Gregory
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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14
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Bock N, Shokoohmand A, Kryza T, Röhl J, Meijer J, Tran PA, Nelson CC, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW. Engineering osteoblastic metastases to delineate the adaptive response of androgen-deprived prostate cancer in the bone metastatic microenvironment. Bone Res 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 31044095 PMCID: PMC6486620 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While stromal interactions are essential in cancer adaptation to hormonal therapies, the effects of bone stroma and androgen deprivation on cancer progression in bone are poorly understood. Here, we tissue-engineered and validated an in vitro microtissue model of osteoblastic bone metastases, and used it to study the effects of androgen deprivation in this microenvironment. The model was established by culturing primary human osteoprogenitor cells on melt electrowritten polymer scaffolds, leading to a mineralized osteoblast-derived microtissue containing, in a 3D setting, viable osteoblastic cells, osteocytic cells, and appropriate expression of osteoblast/osteocyte-derived mRNA and proteins, and mineral content. Direct co-culture of androgen receptor-dependent/independent cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B, and PC3) led cancer cells to display functional and molecular features as observed in vivo. Co-cultured cancer cells showed increased affinity to the microtissues, as a function of their bone metastatic potential. Co-cultures led to alkaline phosphatase and collagen-I upregulation and sclerostin downregulation, consistent with the clinical marker profile of osteoblastic bone metastases. LNCaP showed a significant adaptive response under androgen deprivation in the microtissues, with the notable appearance of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation features and increased expression of related markers (dopa decarboxylase, enolase 2). Androgen deprivation affected the biology of the metastatic microenvironment with stronger upregulation of androgen receptor, alkaline phosphatase, and dopa decarboxylase, as seen in the transition towards resistance. The unique microtissues engineered here represent a substantial asset to determine the involvement of the human bone microenvironment in prostate cancer progression and response to a therapeutic context in this microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Joan Röhl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Jonelle Meijer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Phong A. Tran
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
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15
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Tousignant KD, Rockstroh A, Taherian Fard A, Lehman ML, Wang C, McPherson SJ, Philp LK, Bartonicek N, Dinger ME, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC. Lipid Uptake Is an Androgen-Enhanced Lipid Supply Pathway Associated with Prostate Cancer Disease Progression and Bone Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1166-1179. [PMID: 30808729 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis is a well-described androgen receptor (AR)-regulated metabolic pathway that supports prostate cancer tumor growth by providing fuel, membrane material, and steroid hormone precursor. In contrast, our current understanding of lipid supply from uptake of exogenous lipids and its regulation by AR is limited, and exogenous lipids may play a much more significant role in prostate cancer and disease progression than previously thought. By applying advanced automated quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we provide the most comprehensive functional analysis of lipid uptake in cancer cells to date and demonstrate that treatment of AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines with androgens results in significantly increased cellular uptake of fatty acids, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein particles. Consistent with a direct, regulatory role of AR in this process, androgen-enhanced lipid uptake can be blocked by the AR-antagonist enzalutamide, but is independent of proliferation and cell-cycle progression. This work for the first time comprehensively delineates the lipid transporter landscape in prostate cancer cell lines and patient samples by analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data, including the plasma membrane proteome. We show that androgen exposure or deprivation regulates the expression of multiple lipid transporters in prostate cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts and that mRNA and protein expression of lipid transporters is enhanced in bone metastatic disease when compared with primary, localized prostate cancer. Our findings provide a strong rationale to investigate lipid uptake as a therapeutic cotarget in the fight against advanced prostate cancer in combination with inhibitors of lipogenesis to delay disease progression and metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: Prostate cancer exhibits metabolic plasticity in acquiring lipids from uptake and lipogenesis at different disease stages, indicating potential therapeutic benefit by cotargeting lipid supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J McPherson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa K Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Sarkar PL, Lee W, Williams ED, Lubik AA, Stylianou N, Shokoohmand A, Lehman ML, Hollier BG, Gunter JH, Nelson CC. Insulin Enhances Migration and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Up-Regulation of FOXC2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:481. [PMID: 31379747 PMCID: PMC6652804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), yet many patients relapse with lethal metastatic disease. With this loss of androgens, increased cell plasticity has been observed as an adaptive response to ADT. This includes gain of invasive and migratory capabilities, which may contribute to PCa metastasis. Hyperinsulinemia, which develops as a side-effect of ADT, has been associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and faster treatment failure. We investigated the direct effects of insulin in PCa cells that may contribute to this progression. We measured cell migration and invasion induced by insulin using wound healing and transwell assays in a range of PCa cell lines of variable androgen dependency (LNCaP, 22RV1, DuCaP, and DU145 cell lines). To determine the molecular events driving insulin-induced invasion we used transcriptomics, quantitative real time-PCR, and immunoblotting in three PCa cell lines. Insulin increased invasiveness of PCa cells, upregulating Forkhead Box Protein C2 (FOXC2), and activating key PCa cell plasticity mechanisms including gene changes consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a neuroendocrine phenotype. Additionally, analysis of publicly available clinical PCa tumor data showed metastatic prostate tumors demonstrate a positive correlation between insulin receptor expression and the EMT transcription factor FOXC2. The insulin receptor is not suitable to target clinically however, our data shows that actions of insulin in PCa cells may be suppressed by inhibiting downstream signaling molecules, PI3K and ERK1/2. This study identifies for the first time, a mechanism for insulin-driven cancer cell motility and supports the concept that targeting insulin signaling at the level of the PCa tumor may extend the therapeutic efficacy of ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe L. Sarkar
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wendy Lee
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy A. Lubik
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nataly Stylianou
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Lehman
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brett G. Hollier
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jennifer H. Gunter
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Zhao L, Wang C, Lehman ML, He M, An J, Svingen T, Spiller CM, Ng ET, Nelson CC, Koopman P. Transcriptomic analysis of mRNA expression and alternative splicing during mouse sex determination. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:84-96. [PMID: 30053582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sex determination hinges on sexually dimorphic transcriptional programs in developing fetal gonads. A comprehensive view of these programs is crucial for understanding the normal development of fetal testes and ovaries and the etiology of human disorders of sex development (DSDs), many of which remain unexplained. Using strand-specific RNA-sequencing, we characterized the mouse fetal gonadal transcriptome from 10.5 to 13.5 days post coitum, a key time window in sex determination and gonad development. Our dataset benefits from a greater sensitivity, accuracy and dynamic range compared to microarray studies, allows global dynamics and sex-specificity of gene expression to be assessed, and provides a window to non-transcriptional events such as alternative splicing. Spliceomic analysis uncovered female-specific regulation of Lef1 splicing, which may contribute to the enhanced WNT signaling activity in XX gonads. We provide a user-friendly visualization tool for the complete transcriptomic and spliceomic dataset as a resource for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Mingyu He
- Longsoft, Brisbane, Queensland, 4109, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Terje Svingen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Cassy M Spiller
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ee Ting Ng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Peter Koopman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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18
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Stylianou N, Lehman ML, Wang C, Fard AT, Rockstroh A, Fazli L, Jovanovic L, Ward M, Sadowski MC, Kashyap AS, Buttyan R, Gleave ME, Westbrook TF, Williams ED, Gunter JH, Nelson CC, Hollier BG. Correction: A molecular portrait of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in prostate cancer associated with clinical outcome. Oncogene 2018; 38:2436. [PMID: 30510231 PMCID: PMC7608334 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Stylianou
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Micheal Ward
- Glycation and Diabetic Complications Group, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Maugham ML, Seim I, Thomas PB, Crisp GJ, Shah ET, Herington AC, Brown KA, Gregory LS, Nelson CC, Jeffery PL, Chopin LK. No effect of unacylated ghrelin administration on subcutaneous PC3 xenograft growth or metabolic parameters in a Rag1-/- mouse model of metabolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198495. [PMID: 30458004 PMCID: PMC6245673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which, when acylated, regulates appetite, energy balance and a range of other biological processes. Ghrelin predominately circulates in its unacylated form (unacylated ghrelin; UAG). UAG has a number of functions independent of acylated ghrelin, including modulation of metabolic parameters and cancer progression. UAG has also been postulated to antagonise some of the metabolic effects of acyl-ghrelin, including its effects on glucose and insulin regulation. In this study, Rag1-/- mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperinsulinaemia were subcutaneously implanted with PC3 prostate cancer xenografts to investigate the effect of UAG treatment on metabolic parameters and xenograft growth. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/kg UAG had no effect on xenograft tumour growth in mice fed normal rodent chow or 23% high-fat diet. UAG significantly improved glucose tolerance in host Rag1-/- mice on a high-fat diet, but did not significantly improve other metabolic parameters. We propose that UAG is not likely to be an effective treatment for prostate cancer, with or without associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J. Crisp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura S. Gregory
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny L. Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute – Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Wang C, Moya L, Clements JA, Nelson CC, Batra J. Mining human cancer datasets for kallikrein expression in cancer: the 'KLK-CANMAP' Shiny web tool. Biol Chem 2018; 399:983-995. [PMID: 30052511 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the serine-protease family kallikreins (KLKs), comprising 15 genes, has been reportedly associated with cancer. Their expression in several tissues and physiological fluids makes them potential candidates as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. There are several databases available to mine gene expression in cancer, which often include clinical and pathological data. However, these platforms present some limitations when comparing a specific set of genes and can generate considerable unwanted data. Here, several datasets that showed significant differential expression (p<0.01) in cancer vs. normal (n=118), metastasis vs. primary (n=15) and association with cancer survival (n=21) have been compiled in a user-friendly format from two open and/or publicly available databases Oncomine and OncoLnc for the 15 KLKs. The data have been included in a free web application tool: the KLK-CANMAP https://cancerbioinformatics.shinyapps.io/klk-canmap/. This tool integrates, analyses and visualises data and it was developed with the R Shiny framework. Using KLK-CANMAP box-plots, heatmaps and Kaplan-Meier graphs can be generated for the KLKs of interest. We believe this new cancer KLK focused web tool will benefit the KLK community by narrowing the data visualisation to only the genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
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21
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Soekmadji C, Rockstroh A, Ramm GA, Nelson CC, Russell PJ. Extracellular Vesicles in the Adaptive Process of Prostate Cancer during Inhibition of Androgen Receptor Signaling by Enzalutamide. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 29105980 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for advanced prostate cancer focus on inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, complex interactions mediated by tumor suppressors, oncogenes, aberrations of AR expression, or de novo androgen production have been shown to induce the adaptive response of prostate cancer, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we report the effects of AR antagonist, enzalutamide on the protein contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication and increasing evidence shows the role of EVs in promoting cancer survival and metastasis. We found that treatment with enzalutamide alters the secretion of EVs, one of which is a plasma membrane calcium pump, ATP2B1/PMCA ATPase, as an AR-regulated EV protein. We highlight the networks of interactions between AR, Ca2+ , and ATP2B1, where the extracellular proteins thrombospondin-1, gelsolin, and integrinß1 were previously reported as regulators for cancer progression and metastasis, indicating the potential role of EV-derived proteins in mediating calcium homoeostasis under AR inhibition by enzalutamide. Our data further highlight the cross-talk between AR signaling and EV pathways in mediating resistance toward ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Thomas PB, Jeffery PL, Manuel GD, Whiteside EJ, Maugham M, Walpole C, Gunter JH, Williams ED, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Luque RM, Veedu RN, Chopin LK, Seim I. Abstract 2452: Dysregulated expression of the human long noncoding RNA GHSROS may influence prostate cancer progression and resistance to docetaxel. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key regulatory roles in cancer progression and are novel therapeutic targets. We recently discovered the lncRNA gene, GHSROS (GHSR opposite strand), on the antisense DNA strand of the ghrelin receptor gene (GHSR). Here, we studied the expression and function of GHSROS in prostate cancer. Interrogation of microarray and RNA-seq data sets revealed that (similar to other lncRNA oncogenes) GHSROS is actively transcribed, although expressed at very low levels in cancer cell lines and tissues. By quantitative RT-PCR we demonstrate that GHSROS is highly expressed in a subset of high-grade prostate cancers (~11.4%). Moreover, the lncRNA is upregulated in high Gleason-score prostate tumors in two clinical data sets. Forced GHSROS overexpression significantly increased in vitro cell proliferation and migration of PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines (P ≤ 0.05, Student's t-test). Increased cell proliferation observed in GHSROS-overexpressing prostate cancer cell lines was recapitulated in PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Cell survival was significantly increased in GHSROS-overexpressing LNCaP cells treated with the cytotoxic drug docetaxel (P ≤ 0.05, Student's t-test). Docetaxel treatment also increased GHSROS expression in native LNCaP and PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P ≤ 0.05, Student's t-test). These data suggest that GHSROS mediates tumor survival and resistance to docetaxel. To identify fundamental drivers of the observed tumorigenic phenotype of GHSROS-overexpressing cell lines, high-throughput RNA-seq data from in vitro cultured PC3 cells and LNCaP xenografts were examined. A quarter of the genes differentially expressed by GHSROS-overexpressing PC3 cells were also differentially expressed by GHSROS-overexpressing LNCaP xenografts. These 101 genes include several transcription factors with established roles in prostate cancer (including the androgen receptor) and genes associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Finally, we developed two distinct antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting GHSROS, achieving >60% knockdown, and their function was assessed in vitro. ASO inhibition of GHSROS expression reciprocally regulated cell growth and migration and the expression of a range of genes. These ASOs are currently being assessed in preclinical animal models. Our findings suggest that the long noncoding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype and that the lncRNA represents a promising therapeutic target.
Citation Format: Patrick B. Thomas, Penny L. Jeffery, Gahete D. Manuel, Eliza J. Whiteside, Michelle Maugham, Carina Walpole, Jennifer H. Gunter, Elizabeth D. Williams, Colleen C. Nelson, Adrian C. Herington, Raul M. Luque, Rakesh N. Veedu, Lisa K. Chopin, Inge Seim. Dysregulated expression of the human long noncoding RNA GHSROS may influence prostate cancer progression and resistance to docetaxel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2452.
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23
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Egbewande FA, Sadowski MC, Levrier C, Tousignant KD, White JM, Coster MJ, Nelson CC, Davis RA. Identification of Gibberellic Acid Derivatives That Deregulate Cholesterol Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:838-845. [PMID: 29474071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring pentacyclic diterpenoid gibberellic acid (1) was used in the generation of a drug-like amide library using parallel-solution-phase synthesis. Prior to the synthesis, a virtual library was generated and prioritized based on drug-like physicochemical parameters such as log P, hydrogen bond donor/acceptor counts, and molecular weight. The structures of the synthesized analogues (2-13) were elucidated following analysis of the NMR, MS, UV, and IR data. Compound 12 afforded crystalline material, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity and deregulation of lipid metabolism in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. While no cytotoxic activity was identified at the concentrations tested, synthesized analogues 3, 5, 7, 10, and 11 substantially reduced cellular uptake of free cholesterol in prostate cancer cells, suggesting a novel role of gibberellic acid derivatives in deregulating cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake A Egbewande
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Claire Levrier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Mark J Coster
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
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24
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Kulasinghe A, Perry C, Warkiani ME, Blick T, Davies A, O'Byrne K, Thompson EW, Nelson CC, Vela I, Punyadeera C. Short term ex-vivo expansion of circulating head and neck tumour cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60101-60109. [PMID: 27517751 PMCID: PMC5312371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive techniques are required for the identification of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who are at an increased risk of metastasis, or are not responding to therapy. An approach utilised in other solid cancers is the identification and enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of patients. Low numbers of CTCs has been a limiting factor in the HNC field to date. Here we present a methodology to expand HNC patient derived CTCs ex-vivo. As a proof of principle study, 25 advanced stage HNC patient bloods were enriched for circulating tumour cells through negative selection and cultured in 2D and 3D culture environments under hypoxic conditions (2% O2, 5% CO2). CTCs were detected in 14/25 (56%) of patients (ranging from 1–15 CTCs/5 mL blood). Short term CTC cultures were successfully generated in 7/25 advanced stage HNC patients (5/7 of these cultures were from HPV+ patients). Blood samples from which CTC culture was successful had higher CTC counts (p = 0.0002), and were predominantly from HPV+ patients (p = 0.007). This is, to our knowledge, the first pilot study to culture HNC CTCs ex-vivo. Further studies are warranted to determine the use of short term expansion in HNC and the role of HPV in promoting culture success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Wolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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25
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Soekmadji C, Corcoran NM, Oleinikova I, Jovanovic L, Ramm GA, Nelson CC, Jenster G, Russell PJ. Extracellular vesicles for personalized therapy decision support in advanced metastatic cancers and its potential impact for prostate cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:1416-1423. [PMID: 28856701 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, as liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers for cancers have been investigated. CTC enumeration using the CellSearch based platform provides an accurate insight on overall survival where higher CTC counts indicate poor prognosis for patients with advanced metastatic cancer. EVs provide information based on their lipid, protein, and nucleic acid content and can be isolated from biofluids and analyzed from a relatively small volume, providing a routine and non-invasive modality to monitor disease progression. Our pilot experiment by assessing the level of two subpopulations of small EVs, the CD9 positive and CD63 positive EVs, showed that the CD9 positive EV level is higher in plasma from patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer with detectable CTCs. These data show the potential utility of a particular EV subpopulation to serve as biomarkers for advanced metastatic prostate cancer. EVs can potentially be utilized as biomarkers to provide accurate genotypic and phenotypic information for advanced prostate cancer, where new strategies to design a more personalized therapy is currently the focus of considerable investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irina Oleinikova
- Department of Urology, Queensland Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, R,otterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Evans JC, Malhotra M, Sweeney K, Darcy R, Nelson CC, Hollier BG, O'Driscoll CM. Folate-targeted amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles incorporating a fusogenic peptide deliver therapeutic siRNA and inhibit the invasive capacity of 3D prostate cancer tumours. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:511-518. [PMID: 28916296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The main barrier to the development of an effective RNA interference (RNAi) therapy is the lack of a suitable delivery vector. Modified cyclodextrins have emerged in recent years for the delivery of siRNA. In the present study, a folate-targeted amphiphilic cyclodextrin was formulated using DSPE-PEG5000-folate to target prostate cancer cells. The fusogenic peptide GALA was included in the formulation to aid in the endosomal release of siRNA. Targeted nanoparticles were less than 200nm in size with a neutral surface charge. The complexes were able to bind siRNA and protect it from serum nucleases. Incubation with excess free folate resulted in a significant decrease in the uptake of targeted nanoparticles in LNCaP and PC3 cells, both of which have been reported to have differing pathways of folate uptake. There was a significant reduction in the therapeutic targets, ZEB1 and NRP1 at mRNA and protein level following treatment with targeted complexes. In preliminary functional assays using 3D spheroids, treatment of PC3 tumours with targeted complexes with ZEB1 and NRP1 siRNA resulted in more compact colonies relative to the untargeted controls and inhibited infiltration into the Matrigel™ layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katrina Sweeney
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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27
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Thomas PB, Jeffery PL, Whiteside E, Walpole C, Maugham M, Jovanovic L, Gunter JH, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Veedu R, Chopin LK, Seim I. Abstract 3442: The long non-coding RNA GHSROS mediates expression of genes associated with tumor growth, metastasis and adverse disease outcome. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key regulatory roles in cancer progression and are emerging therapeutic targets. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of the lncRNA GHSROS in prostate cancer. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that GHSROS is highly expressed in a subset of prostate cancers (Gleason score 8-10; z-score >1; Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test P=0.0021). Forced overexpression of the lncRNA stimulated cell migration in vitro in the PC3 (1.82 ± 0.35, P=0.006; Student’s t-test), DU145 (1.94 ± 0.34, P=0.017), and LNCaP (1.27 ± 0.02, P=0.0002) prostate cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation was increased in GHSROS overexpressing PC3 (3.36 ± 1.91, P=0.029), DU145 (1.749 ± 0.59, P=0.026), and LNCaP (1.39 ± 0.26, P=0.040) prostate cancer cell lines. These results were recapitulated in NOD/SCID mice, with increased tumor growth and Ki67 immunohistochemical staining in PC3 (P=0.0040) and DU145 (P = 0.036) xenografts overexpressing the lncRNA.High-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 400 differentially expressed genes in GHSROS overexpressing PC3 cells, with enrichment of genes associated with motility, migration and regulation of cell growth. Further interrogation of the 400 gene set using Oncomine concept mapping, and interrogation of publicly-available clinical prostate cancer data sets, revealed a 34-gene signature associated with poorer disease outcome and metastatic progression. Preliminary analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, suggest that the signature has potential as a prognostic indicator for disease free- or overall survival in numerous cancers. Finally, locked antisense oligonucleotide (LNA-ASO) inhibition of endogenous GHSROS reciprocally regulated cell growth (Student’s t-test; RNV124: -1.14 ± 0.06, P=0.049 and RNV104L: -1.18 ± 0.05, P=0.030, migration (RNV124: -1.96 ± 0.11, P=0.004) and gene expression changes, supporting the observations from forced GHSROS overexpression experiments.In summary, we provide evidence that GHSROS is a prostate cancer associated lncRNA that promotes a gene expression signature which enhances the propensity for metastasis and adverse disease outcomes. We also demonstrate that GHSROS can be targeted using antisense oligonucleotides. Further studies on this lncRNA may provide new prognostic and therapeutic opportunities.
Citation Format: Patrick B. Thomas, Penny L. Jeffery, Eliza Whiteside, Carina Walpole, Michelle Maugham, Lidija Jovanovic, Jennifer H. Gunter, Colleen C. Nelson, Adrian C. Herington, Rakesh Veedu, Lisa K. Chopin, Inge Seim. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS mediates expression of genes associated with tumor growth, metastasis and adverse disease outcome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3442. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3442
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Thomas
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penny L. Jeffery
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Carina Walpole
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle Maugham
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Herington
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rakesh Veedu
- 3Murdoch University/ Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Chopin
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- 1Queensland University of Technology/ Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Maugham ML, Thomas PB, Crisp GJ, Philp LK, Shah ET, Herington AC, Chen C, Gregory LS, Nelson CC, Seim I, Jeffery PL, Chopin LK. Abstract 4819: Insights from engraftable immunodeficient mouse models of hyperinsulinaemia. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia, obesity and dyslipidemia are independent and collective risk factors for many cancers, however, there is a lack of suitable mouse models available to study this association.
We examined the long-term effects of a “Western style” 23% high fat diet (HFD, 46% of total calculated energy from lipids) in two immunodeficient mouse strains (NOD/SCID and Rag1 -/-) suitable for engraftment with human-derived cell lines and tissue xenografts. HFD-fed mice of both strains exhibited diet-induced impairments in glucose tolerance at 16 and 23 weeks post initiation of HFD feeding. Only Rag1 -/- mice developed higher fasting insulin levels (2.16 ± 1.01ng/ml versus 0.71 ± 0.12ng/ml, P = 0.01) and increased insulin resistance (6.70 ± 1.68 HOMA-IR, versus 2.91 ± 0.42, P = 0.01) when fed a HFD. Similarly, hepatic steatosis was more extensive, and intramyocellular lipid storage was increased in HFD-fed Rag1 -/- mice. Conversely, NOD/SCID mice exhibited relatively low levels of steatosis and no intramyocellular lipid was observed. These data suggest that Rag1 -/- mice are a more suitable pre-clinical model for examining the interactions between hyperinsulinemia, obesity and hyperlipidemia and cancer than the more commonly used NOD/SCID mouse model.
We next investigated the growth of human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP) subcutaneously injected into hyperinsulinemic Rag1 -/- mice. Compared to normal chow-fed mice, tumor growth velocity was greater in HFD-fed mice with PC3 and LNCaP xenografts, and mice reached humane endpoints (cancer-associated cachexia and tumor burden) significantly earlier (P = 0.0078 and P = 0.031). Strikingly, HFD-fed mice bearing PC3 xenografts presented with significantly greater normalized wet tumor weight (485.16 ± 143.80% vs. 1562.69 ± 338.20%, P = 0.032), tumor volume (485.16 ± 143.80% vs.1562.69 ± 338.20%, P = 0.032) and number of Ki67 positive (proliferating) tumor cells (36.08 ± 2.53% vs. 66.14 ± 8.514, P = 0.032), compared to mice fed a normal chow diet.
In summary, this is the first study of the metabolic effects of a long-term “Western style” HFD in two immunodeficient mouse strains suitable for xenograft studies. We demonstrate that the Rag1 -/- mouse is an appropriate and novel model for studying the interactions between hyperinsulinaemia and cancer.
Citation Format: Michelle L. Maugham, Patrick B. Thomas, Gabrielle J. Crisp, Lisa K. Philp, Esha T. Shah, Adrian C. Herington, Chen Chen, Laura S. Gregory, Colleen C. Nelson, Inge Seim, Penny L. Jeffery, Lisa K. Chopin. Insights from engraftable immunodeficient mouse models of hyperinsulinaemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4819
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa K. Philp
- 1Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- 1Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Chen Chen
- 2University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Inge Seim
- 1Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lisa K. Chopin
- 1Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Sweeney KG, Stylianou N, Tevz G, Taherianfard A, Pirlo K, Upadhyaya A, Ratther E, Lehman M, Gleave M, Gunter J, Williams ED, Nelson CC, Hollier B. Abstract 4909: Androgen targeted therapy induces ZEB1 expression and is associated with suppression of androgen signalling and therapy resistance. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Reactivation of the embryonic developmental pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and therapy resistance. Recent evidence has demonstrated EMT is stimulated following androgen targeted therapy (ATT). In the present study we investigated the role of EMT transcription factor ZEB1 in ATT-driven EMT, PCa metastasis and drug resistance.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of ZEB1 on tissue microarrays of primary tumors from clinical samples demonstrated ZEB1 expression correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and Gleason score. Upon stratification of patient data (n=198), high ZEB1 protein expression correlated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Furthermore, IHC staining of primary tumours from 148 treatment-naïve patients with and without metastasis demonstrated high ZEB1 levels and correlated to a reduced time to metastasis.
To delineate the role of ZEB1 as a molecular driver of late-stage PCa, microarray analysis of an in vivo LNCaP progression model demonstrated ZEB1 levels increased following castration. Significantly, high ZEB1 levels were associated with patients who had undergone neoadjuvant hormone therapy with or without docetaxel and high ZEB1 levels were associated with a shorter time to BCR and metastasis. Inhibition of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis in LNCaP cells using antiandrogen treatment or shRNA targeting AR resulted in upregulation of ZEB1 in LNCaP cells suggesting enhanced levels of ZEB1 may drive the early adaptive response of PCa after hormone therapy. Interestingly, in models where ZEB1 expression was elevated this was accompanied with repression of classical androgen-regulated genes suggesting ZEB1 is able to regulate the AR transcriptional pathway.
We also investigated the role of ZEB1 in cancer invasion and chemoresistance. An inducible model of ZEB1 overexpression in LNCaP cells produced a robust EMT upon ZEB1 expression and was accompanied by an invasive phenotype in 3D cultures. ZEB1 overexpression also conferred resistance to docetaxel (IC50 of 8.17±2.45nM in ZEB1-expressing cells vs. 3.35±0.23nM in control cells) potentially as a result of a reduced apoptotic cell death response mediated by ZEB1. At suboptimal doses of docetaxel, the percentage of apoptotic cells (annexin-V+/propidium iodide-) decreased 4-fold when ZEB1 was expressed compared with control cells and was accompanied by a reduction in PARP cleavage and cleaved caspase-7 expression.
In summary, we provide evidence that ZEB1 expression is increased in response to ATTs and correlates with disease progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. We also show ZEB1 is a transcriptional regulator of AR signalling in PCa, Together this provides the rationale to target ZEB1 for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of CRPC.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Katrina G. Sweeney, Nataly Stylianou, Gregor Tevz, Atefeh Taherianfard, Katrina Pirlo, Akanksha Upadhyaya, Ellca Ratther, Melanie Lehman, Martin Gleave, Jennifer Gunter, Elizabeth D. Williams, Colleen C. Nelson, Brett Hollier. Androgen targeted therapy induces ZEB1 expression and is associated with suppression of androgen signalling and therapy resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4909. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4909
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina G. Sweeney
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nataly Stylianou
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregor Tevz
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherianfard
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Pirlo
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Akanksha Upadhyaya
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ellca Ratther
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie Lehman
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Gleave
- 2Vancouver Prostate Centre, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gunter
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Hollier
- 1Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Ratther E, Sweeney KG, Stylianou N, Hu Q, Tevz G, Nelson CC, Williams ED, Hollier BG. Abstract 818: Unravelling the role of androgen targeted therapies in epithelial plasticity during prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the use of potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonists have contributed to the increased prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) tumors exhibiting therapy resistance. Androgen targeted therapies (ATT) inhibit the androgen/AR axis which PCa cells rely on for growth. ATT are initially effective however most men progress to metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Mechanisms of resistance include programs of epithelial plasticity (EP) such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD). EMT enables PCa cells to become more motile and invasive. PCa cells that undergo NEtD gain neuroendocrine (NE)-like traits. Patients with NE prostate cancer (NEPC) usually present with visceral metastasis, are refractory to ATT and have short response to chemotherapies. We aim to characterize models of therapy-induced NEtD (tNEPC) and to investigate the role of tumor plasticity in the progression to mCRPC.
To recapitulate ATT in vitro, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells were treated with either enzalutamide (Enz) (10μM) or shRNA targeting AR in culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) or charcoal stripped serum (CSS) with or without 10nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT). To model EMT, LNCaP cells were engineered to express doxycycline (Dox) inducible overexpression of EMT transcription factor Snail. Androgen deprivation in vitro induced expression of NE markers in LNCaP cells compared with FBS treated cells (mean fold increase ± SEM): neuron specific enolase (ENO2) (6.0 ± 2.5), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) (10.4 ± 6.8) and midkine (MDK) (13.2 ± 2.4). Cells co-treated with Enz and DHT had increased expression of NE markers compared to DHT alone: ENO2 (2.7 ± 0.6), NCAM (2.9 ± 0.3) and MDK (2.3 ± 1.8). AR knockdown resulted in a potent induction of NE markers compared with control cells: ENO2 (8.3 ± 1.4), NCAM (8.3 ± 2.4) and MDK (9.0 ± 2.2). Dox-induced Snail enhanced androgen deprivation-mediated upregulation of NE markers compared with no-Dox cells: ENO2 (1.3 ± 0.1), NCAM (8.3 ± 2.4) and MDK (9.0 ± 2.2). To more accurately model a preclinical setting, LNCaP tumors were grown subcutaneously in severe combined immune deficiency mice. Once tumors grew to 200mm3, mice were castrated and upon tumor recurrence mice were treated with Enz (10mg/kg). At the ethical endpoint, expression of EMT and NE markers will be assessed.
Patients treated with ATTs show an increase in NE-like traits. Thus, there is a need to identify molecular mechanisms involved in this adaptive response. In vitro, we have modelled the acquisition of NE-like features in PCa cells using ATTs, EMT drivers and AR knockdown. Further investigation using these models may lead to the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the clinical management of advanced PCa.
Citation Format: Ellca Ratther, Katrina G. Sweeney, Nataly Stylianou, Qiuhua Hu, Gregor Tevz, Colleen C. Nelson, Elizabeth D. Williams, Brett G. Hollier. Unravelling the role of androgen targeted therapies in epithelial plasticity during prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 818. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-818
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellca Ratther
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina G. Sweeney
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nataly Stylianou
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qiuhua Hu
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregor Tevz
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett G. Hollier
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Seim I, Jeffery PL, Thomas PB, Nelson CC, Chopin LK. Whole-Genome Sequence of the Metastatic PC3 and LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. G3 (Bethesda) 2017; 7:1731-1741. [PMID: 28413162 PMCID: PMC5473753 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.039909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone metastasis-derived PC3 and the lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines are widely studied, having been described in thousands of publications over the last four decades. Here, we report short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and de novo assembly of PC3 (ATCC CRL-1435) and LNCaP (clone FGC; ATCC CRL-1740) at ∼70 × coverage. A known homozygous mutation in TP53 and homozygous loss of PTEN were robustly identified in the PC3 cell line, whereas the LNCaP cell line exhibited a larger number of putative inactivating somatic point and indel mutations (and in particular a loss of stop codon events). This study also provides preliminary evidence that loss of one or both copies of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC) contributes to primary tumor relapse and metastatic progression, potentially offering a treatment target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing two commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Patrick B Thomas
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Maugham ML, Thomas PB, Crisp GJ, Philp LK, Shah ET, Herington AC, Chen C, Gregory LS, Nelson CC, Seim I, Jeffery PL, Chopin LK. Insights from engraftable immunodeficient mouse models of hyperinsulinaemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:491. [PMID: 28352127 PMCID: PMC5428450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinaemia, obesity and dyslipidaemia are independent and collective risk factors for many cancers. Here, the long-term effects of a 23% Western high-fat diet (HFD) in two immunodeficient mouse strains (NOD/SCID and Rag1 -/-) suitable for engraftment with human-derived tissue xenografts, and the effect of diet-induced hyperinsulinaemia on human prostate cancer cell line xenograft growth, were investigated. Rag1 -/-and NOD/SCID HFD-fed mice demonstrated diet-induced impairments in glucose tolerance at 16 and 23 weeks post weaning. Rag1 -/- mice developed significantly higher fasting insulin levels (2.16 ± 1.01 ng/ml, P = 0.01) and increased insulin resistance (6.70 ± 1.68 HOMA-IR, P = 0.01) compared to low-fat chow-fed mice (0.71 ± 0.12 ng/ml and 2.91 ± 0.42 HOMA-IR). This was not observed in the NOD/SCID strain. Hepatic steatosis was more extensive in Rag1 -/- HFD-fed mice compared to NOD/SCID mice. Intramyocellular lipid storage was increased in Rag1 -/- HFD-fed mice, but not in NOD/SCID mice. In Rag1 -/- HFD-fed mice, LNCaP xenograft tumours grew more rapidly compared to low-fat chow-fed mice. This is the first characterisation of the metabolic effects of long-term Western HFD in two mouse strains suitable for xenograft studies. We conclude that Rag1 -/- mice are an appropriate and novel xenograft model for studying the relationship between cancer and hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick B Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Crisp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa K Philp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura S Gregory
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Laboratory, Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Levrier C, Sadowski MC, Rockstroh A, Gabrielli B, Kavallaris M, Lehman M, Davis RA, Nelson CC. 6α-Acetoxyanopterine: A Novel Structure Class of Mitotic Inhibitor Disrupting Microtubule Dynamics in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:3-15. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liberio MS, Sadowski MC, Davis RA, Rockstroh A, Vasireddy R, Lehman ML, Nelson CC. The ascidian natural product eusynstyelamide B is a novel topoisomerase II poison that induces DNA damage and growth arrest in prostate and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43944-63. [PMID: 26733491 PMCID: PMC4791278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an anti-cancer natural product drug discovery program, we recently identified eusynstyelamide B (EB), which displayed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of EB in cancer cell lines of the prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MDA-MB-231). EB inhibited cell growth (IC50 = 5 μM) and induced a G2 cell cycle arrest, as shown by a significant increase in the G2/M cell population in the absence of elevated levels of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3. In contrast to MDA-MB-231 cells, EB did not induce cell death in LNCaP cells when treated for up to 10 days. Transcript profiling and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that EB activated DNA damage pathways in LNCaP cells. Consistent with this, CHK2 phosphorylation was increased, p21CIP1/WAF1 was up-regulated and CDC2 expression strongly reduced by EB. Importantly, EB caused DNA double-strand breaks, yet did not directly interact with DNA. Analysis of topoisomerase II-mediated decatenation discovered that EB is a novel topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Liberio
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raj Vasireddy
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Soekmadji C, Riches JD, Russell PJ, Ruelcke JE, McPherson S, Wang C, Hovens CM, Corcoran NM, Hill MM, Nelson CC. Modulation of paracrine signaling by CD9 positive small extracellular vesicles mediates cellular growth of androgen deprived prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52237-52255. [PMID: 28881726 PMCID: PMC5581025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and maintenance of both normal and prostate cancer (PCa) cells is highly regulated by steroid hormones, particularly androgens, and the extracellular environment. Herein, we identify the secretion of CD9 positive extracellular vesicles (EV) by LNCaP and DUCaP PCa cells in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and use nano-LC–MS/MS to identify the proteins present in these EV. Subsequent bioinformatic and pathway analyses of the mass spectrometry data identified pathologically relevant pathways that may be altered by EV contents. Western blot and CD9 EV TR-FIA assay confirmed a specific increase in the amount of CD9 positive EV in DHT-treated LNCaP and DUCaP cells and treatment of cells with EV enriched with CD9 after DHT exposure can induce proliferation in androgen-deprived conditions. siRNA knockdown of endogenous CD9 in LNCaPs reduced cellular proliferation and expression of AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) however knockdown of AR did not alter CD9 expression, also implicating CD9 as an upstream regulator of AR. Moreover CD9 positive EV were also found to be significantly higher in plasma from prostate cancer patients in comparison with benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. We conclude that CD9 positive EV are involved in mediating paracrine signalling and contributing toward prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James D Riches
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayde E Ruelcke
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris M Hovens
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michelle M Hill
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lai J, An J, Seim I, Walpole C, Hoffman A, Moya L, Srinivasan S, Perry-Keene JL, Wang C, Lehman ML, Nelson CC, Clements JA, Batra J. Erratum to: Fusion transcript loci share many genomic features with non-fusion loci. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:424. [PMID: 27259281 PMCID: PMC4893206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Lai
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Current address: Genetic Technologies, 60-66 Hanover Street, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrea Hoffman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Wibowo M, Levrier C, Sadowski MC, Nelson CC, Wang Q, Holst J, Healy PC, Hofmann A, Davis RA. Bioactive Dihydro-β-agarofuran Sesquiterpenoids from the Australian Rainforest Plant Maytenus bilocularis. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:1445-1453. [PMID: 27120798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigations of the CH2Cl2 extract obtained from the leaves of the Australian rainforest tree Maytenus bilocularis afforded three new dihydro-β-agarofurans, bilocularins A-C (1-3), and six known congeners, namely, celastrine A (4), 1α,6β,8α-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxydihydro-β-agarofuran (5), 1α,6β-diacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-8α-hydroxydihydro-β-agarofuran (6), Ejap-10 (11), 1α,6β-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxydihydro-β-agarofuran (12), and Ejap-2 (13). The major compound 1 was used in semisynthetic studies to afford four ester derivatives (7-10). The chemical structures of 1-3 were elucidated following analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of bilocularins A (1) and B (2) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP; none of the compounds were active. However, several compounds showed similar potency to the drug efflux pump inhibitor verapamil in reversing the drug resistance of the human leukemia CEM/VCR R cell line. In addition, similar to verapamil, compound 5 was found to inhibit leucine uptake in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 15.5 μM), which was more potent than the leucine analogue 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbocyclic acid. This is the first report of secondary metabolites from Maytenus bilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Wibowo
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Claire Levrier
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney , Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney , Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter C Healy
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Stuchbery R, Kurganovs NJ, McCoy PJ, Nelson CC, Hayes VM, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM. Target Acquired: Progress and Promise of Targeted Therapeutics in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2016; 15:394-405. [PMID: 25882061 DOI: 10.2174/1568009615666150416113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is fundamentally a genomic disease caused by mutations or rearrangements in the DNA or epigenetic machinery of a patient. An emerging field in cancer treatment targets key aberrations arising from the mutational landscape of an individual patient's disease rather than employing a cancer-wide cytotoxic therapy approach. In prostate cancer in particular, where there is an observed variation in response to standard treatments between patients with disease of a similar pathological stage and grade, mutationdirected treatment may grow to be a viable tool for clinicians to tailor more effective treatments. This review will describe a number of mutations across multiple forms of cancer that have been successfully antagonised by targeted therapeutics including their identification, the development of targeted compounds to combat them and the development of resistance to these therapies. This review will continue to examine these same mutations in the treatment and management of prostate cancer; the prevalence of targetable mutations in prostate cancer, recent clinical trials of targeted-agents and the potential or limitations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, 5th Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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An J, Lai J, Zeng L, C. Nelson C. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Based on Bayesian Estimation of Variance. Curr Bioinform 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893611666160125221655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Shah ET, Upadhyaya A, Philp LK, Tang T, Skalamera D, Gunter J, Nelson CC, Williams ED, Hollier BG. Repositioning "old" drugs for new causes: identifying new inhibitors of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:385-99. [PMID: 26932199 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of prostate cancer (PCa) deaths occur due to the metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant organs. Currently, there is a lack of effective therapies once tumor cells have spread outside the prostate. It is therefore imperative to rapidly develop therapeutics to inhibit the metastatic spread of tumor cells. Gain of cell motility and invasive properties is the first step of metastasis and by inhibiting motility one can potentially inhibit metastasis. Using the drug repositioning strategy, we developed a cell-based multi-parameter primary screening assay to identify drugs that inhibit the migratory and invasive properties of metastatic PC-3 PCa cells. Following the completion of the primary screening assay, 33 drugs were identified from an FDA approved drug library that either inhibited migration or were cytotoxic to the PC-3 cells. Based on the data obtained from the subsequent validation studies, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, simvastatin, fluvastatin and vandetanib were identified as strong candidates that can inhibit both the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells without significantly affecting cell viability. By employing the drug repositioning strategy instead of a de novo drug discovery and development strategy, the identified drug candidates have the potential to be rapidly translated into the clinic for the management of men with aggressive forms of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha T Shah
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Akanksha Upadhyaya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa K Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dubravka Skalamera
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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41
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Tevz G, McGrath S, Demeter R, Magrini V, Jeet V, Rockstroh A, McPherson S, Lai J, Bartonicek N, An J, Batra J, Dinger ME, Lehman ML, Williams ED, Nelson CC. Identification of a novel fusion transcript between human relaxin-1 (RLN1) and human relaxin-2 (RLN2) in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:159-68. [PMID: 26499396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous expression of highly homologous RLN1 and RLN2 genes in prostate impairs their accurate delineation. We used PacBio SMRT sequencing and RNA-Seq in LNCaP cells in order to dissect the expression of RLN1 and RLN2 variants. We identified a novel fusion transcript comprising the RLN1 and RLN2 genes and found evidence of its expression in the normal and prostate cancer tissues. The RLN1-RLN2 fusion putatively encodes RLN2 isoform with the deleted secretory signal peptide. The identification of the fusion transcript provided information to determine unique RLN1-RLN2 fusion and RLN1 regions. The RLN1-RLN2 fusion was co-expressed with RLN1 in LNCaP cells, but the two gene products were inversely regulated by androgens. We showed that RLN1 is underrepresented in common PCa cell lines in comparison to normal and PCa tissue. The current study brings a highly relevant update to the relaxin field, and will encourage further studies of RLN1 and RLN2 in PCa and broader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Tevz
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean McGrath
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Demeter
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vincent Magrini
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Varinder Jeet
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lai
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology/Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Levrier C, Sadowski MC, Nelson CC, Davis RA. Cytotoxic C20 Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Australian Endemic Rainforest Plant Anopterus macleayanus. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2908-2916. [PMID: 26600001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify new anticancer compounds from nature, a prefractionated library derived from Australian endemic plants was generated and screened against the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP using a metabolic assay. Fractions from the seeds, leaves, and wood of Anopterus macleayanus showed cytotoxic activity and were subsequently investigated using a combination of bioassay-guided fractionation and mass-directed isolation. This led to the identification of four new diterpenoid alkaloids, 6α-acetoxyanopterine (1), 4'-hydroxy-6α-acetoxyanopterine (2), 4'-hydroxyanopterine (3), and 11α-benzoylanopterine (4), along with four known compounds, anopterine (5), 7β-hydroxyanopterine (6), 7β,4'-dihydroxyanopterine (7), and 7β-hydroxy-11α-benzoylanopterine (8); all compounds were purified as their trifluoroacetate salt. The chemical structures of 1-8 were elucidated after analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a panel of human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, C4-2B, and DuCaP) and nonmalignant cell lines (BPH-1 and WPMY-1), using a live-cell imaging system and a metabolic assay. All compounds showed potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of <400 nM; compound 1 was the most active natural product from this series, with an IC50 value of 3.1 nM toward the LNCaP cell line. The live-cell imaging assay on 1-8 showed a concentration- and time-dependent effect on the cell morphology and proliferation of LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Levrier
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Lai J, An J, Seim I, Walpole C, Hoffman A, Moya L, Srinivasan S, Perry-Keene JL, Wang C, Lehman ML, Nelson CC, Clements JA, Batra J. Fusion transcript loci share many genomic features with non-fusion loci. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1021. [PMID: 26626734 PMCID: PMC4667522 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusion transcripts are found in many tissues and have the potential to create novel functional products. Here, we investigate the genomic sequences around fusion junctions to better understand the transcriptional mechanisms mediating fusion transcription/splicing. We analyzed data from prostate (cancer) cells as previous studies have shown extensively that these cells readily undergo fusion transcription. RESULTS We used the FusionMap program to identify high-confidence fusion transcripts from RNAseq data. The RNAseq datasets were from our (N = 8) and other (N = 14) clinical prostate tumors with adjacent non-cancer cells, and from the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line that were mock-, androgen- (DHT), and anti-androgen- (bicalutamide, enzalutamide) treated. In total, 185 fusion transcripts were identified from all RNAseq datasets. The majority (76%) of these fusion transcripts were 'read-through chimeras' derived from adjacent genes in the genome. Characterization of sequences at fusion loci were carried out using a combination of the FusionMap program, custom Perl scripts, and the RNAfold program. Our computational analysis indicated that most fusion junctions (76%) use the consensus GT-AG intron donor-acceptor splice site, and most fusion transcripts (85%) maintained the open reading frame. We assessed whether parental genes of fusion transcripts have the potential to form complementary base pairing between parental genes which might bring them into physical proximity. Our computational analysis of sequences flanking fusion junctions at parental loci indicate that these loci have a similar propensity as non-fusion loci to hybridize. The abundance of repetitive sequences at fusion and non-fusion loci was also investigated given that SINE repeats are involved in aberrant gene transcription. We found few instances of repetitive sequences at both fusion and non-fusion junctions. Finally, RT-qPCR was performed on RNA from both clinical prostate tumors and adjacent non-cancer cells (N = 7), and LNCaP cells treated as above to validate the expression of seven fusion transcripts and their respective parental genes. We reveal that fusion transcript expression is similar to the expression of parental genes. CONCLUSIONS Fusion transcripts maintain the open reading frame, and likely use the same transcriptional machinery as non-fusion transcripts as they share many genomic features at splice/fusion junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lai
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Current address: Genetic Technologies, 60-66 Hanover Street, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jiyuan An
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Inge Seim
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia. .,Ghrelin Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Carina Walpole
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrea Hoffman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Cancer and Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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44
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Sadowski MC, Pouwer RH, Gunter JH, Lubik AA, Quinn RJ, Nelson CC. The fatty acid synthase inhibitor triclosan: repurposing an anti-microbial agent for targeting prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9362-81. [PMID: 25313139 PMCID: PMC4253440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of FASN has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer, and numerous inhibitors have been investigated. However, severe pharmacological limitations have challenged their clinical testing. The synthetic FASN inhibitor triclosan, which was initially developed as a topical antibacterial agent, is merely affected by these pharmacological limitations. Yet, little is known about its mechanism in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Here we compared the cellular and molecular effects of triclosan in a panel of eight malignant and non-malignant prostate cell lines to the well-known FASN inhibitors C75 and orlistat, which target different partial catalytic activities of FASN. Triclosan displayed a superior cytotoxic profile with a several-fold lower IC50 than C75 or orlistat. Structure-function analysis revealed that alcohol functionality of the parent phenol is critical for inhibitory action. Rescue experiments confirmed that end product starvation was a major cause of cytotoxicity. Importantly, triclosan, C75 and orlistat induced distinct changes to morphology, cell cycle, lipid content and the expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism, demonstrating that inhibition of different partial catalytic activities of FASN activates different metabolic pathways. These finding combined with its well-documented pharmacological safety profile make triclosan a promising drug candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Pouwer
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy A Lubik
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane,Australia. Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane,Australia. Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Lai J, An J, Nelson CC, Lehman ML, Batra J, Clements JA. Analysis of androgen and anti-androgen regulation of KLK-related peptidase 2, 3, and 4 alternative transcripts in prostate cancer. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1127-32. [PMID: 25153393 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether alternative transcripts (using KLK2, KLK3 and KLK4 as models) are differentially regulated by androgens and anti-androgens as an indicator of prostate cancers as they acquire treatment resistance. Using RNAseq of LNCaP cells treated with dihydrotestosterone, bicalutamide and enzalutamide, we show that the expression of variant KLK transcripts is markedly different to other variant transcripts at those loci. We also reveal that KLK variants are also over 2-fold more highly expressed in prostate cancers compared to their corresponding normal prostate. We propose that androgens and anti-androgens can activate specific variant transcripts of critical prostate cancer genes during treatment resistance.
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Davis ID, Long A, Yip S, Espinoza D, Thompson JF, Kichenadasse G, Harrison M, Lowenthal RM, Pavlakis N, Azad A, Kannourakis G, Steer C, Goldstein D, Shapiro J, Harvie R, Jovanovic L, Hudson AL, Nelson CC, Stockler MR, Martin A. EVERSUN: a phase 2 trial of alternating sunitinib and everolimus as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1118-1123. [PMID: 25701452 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesised that alternating inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways would delay the development of resistance in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-arm, two-stage, multicentre, phase 2 trial to determine the activity, feasibility, and safety of 12-week cycles of sunitinib 50 mg daily 4 weeks on / 2 weeks off, alternating with everolimus 10 mg daily for 5 weeks on / 1 week off, until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity in favourable or intermediate-risk aRCC. The primary end point was proportion alive and progression-free at 6 months (PFS6m). The secondary end points were feasibility, tumour response, overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). The correlative objective was to assess biomarkers and correlate with clinical outcome. RESULTS We recruited 55 eligible participants from September 2010 to August 2012. DEMOGRAPHICS mean age 61, 71% male, favourable risk 16%, intermediate risk 84%. Cycle 2 commenced within 14 weeks for 80% of participants; 64% received ≥22 weeks of alternating therapy; 78% received ≥22 weeks of any treatment. PFS6m was 29/55 (53%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 40% to 66%). Tumour response rate was 7/55 (13%; 95% CI 4% to 22%, all partial responses). After median follow-up of 20 months, 47 of 55 (86%) had progressed with a median progression-free survival of 8 months (95% CI 5-10), and 30 of 55 (55%) had died with a median OS of 17 months (95% CI 12-undefined). AEs were consistent with those expected for each single agent. No convincing prognostic biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSIONS The EVERSUN regimen was feasible and safe, but its activity did not meet pre-specified values to warrant further research. This supports the current approach of continuing anti-VEGF therapy until progression or prohibitive toxicity before changing treatment. AUSTRALIAN NEW ZEALAND CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY ACTRN12609000643279.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Davis
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne; ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney.
| | - A Long
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - S Yip
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - D Espinoza
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - J F Thompson
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - G Kichenadasse
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide
| | - M Harrison
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool
| | - R M Lowenthal
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Royal Hobart Hospital and Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart
| | - N Pavlakis
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - A Azad
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Austin Health, Melbourne
| | - G Kannourakis
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Ballarat Oncology & Haematology Services and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat; Federation University, Ballarat
| | - C Steer
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Border Medical Oncology, Wodonga
| | - D Goldstein
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Prince of Wales Clinical School and Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - J Shapiro
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne
| | - R Harvie
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Sydney
| | - L Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - A L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Sydney
| | - C C Nelson
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - M R Stockler
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Concord Cancer Centre, Concord, Australia
| | - A Martin
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
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Kumar R, Sadowski MC, Levrier C, Nelson CC, Jones AJ, Holleran JP, Avery VM, Healy PC, Davis RA. Design and Synthesis of a Screening Library Using the Natural Product Scaffold 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic Acid. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:914-918. [PMID: 25803573 DOI: 10.1021/np500856u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fungal metabolite 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) was utilized in the generation of a unique drug-like screening library using parallel solution-phase synthesis. A 20-membered amide library (3-22) was generated by first converting 1 to methyl (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (2), then reacting this scaffold with a diverse series of primary amines via a solvent-free aminolysis procedure. The structures of the synthetic analogues (3-22) were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. The structures of compounds 8, 12, and 22 were confirmed by single X-ray crystallographic analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and for antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum and showed no significant activity at 10 μM. The library was also tested for effects on the lipid content of LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells, and it was demonstrated that the fluorobenzyl analogues (12-14) significantly reduced cellular phospholipid and neutral lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Kumar
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- ‡Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Claire Levrier
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- ‡Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- ‡Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Amy J Jones
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - John P Holleran
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Peter C Healy
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- †Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Wang Q, Hardie RA, Hoy AJ, van Geldermalsen M, Gao D, Fazli L, Sadowski MC, Balaban S, Schreuder M, Nagarajah R, Wong JJL, Metierre C, Pinello N, Otte NJ, Lehman ML, Gleave M, Nelson CC, Bailey CG, Ritchie W, Rasko JEJ, Holst J. Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development. J Pathol 2015; 236:278-89. [PMID: 25693838 PMCID: PMC4973854 DOI: 10.1002/path.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is conditionally essential in cancer cells, being utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for macromolecule production, as well as for anaplerotic reactions fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient samples. Using LNCaP and PC‐3 prostate cancer cell lines, we showed that chemical or shRNA‐mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro decreases glutamine uptake, cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors, mTORC1 pathway activation and cell growth. Chemical inhibition also reduces basal oxygen consumption and fatty acid synthesis, showing that downstream metabolic function is reliant on ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ASCT2 in PC‐3 cell xenografts significantly inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, associated with the down‐regulation of E2F cell cycle pathway proteins. In conclusion, ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake is essential for multiple pathways regulating the cell cycle and cell growth, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rae-Anne Hardie
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dadi Gao
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Seher Balaban
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Schreuder
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajini Nagarajah
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Metierre
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Pinello
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Otte
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Rhee H, Gunter JH, Heathcote P, Ho K, Stricker P, Corcoran NM, Nelson CC. Adverse effects of androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and their management. BJU Int 2015; 115 Suppl 5:3-13. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Handoo Rhee
- Department of Urology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; QLD Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Translational Research Institute; QLD Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Translational Research Institute; QLD Australia
| | - Peter Heathcote
- Department of Urology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; QLD Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Translational Research Institute; QLD Australia
| | - Ken Ho
- Centre for Health Research; Princess Alexandra Hospital; QLD Australia
| | - Phillip Stricker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | | | - Colleen C. Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Translational Research Institute; QLD Australia
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Mertens-Walker I, Fernandini BC, Maharaj MSN, Rockstroh A, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Stephenson SA. The tumour-promoting receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB4, regulates expression of integrin-β8 in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 25886373 PMCID: PMC4389669 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in many cancers including prostate cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which this ephrin receptor influences cancer progression are complex as there are tumor-promoting ligand-independent mechanisms in place as well as ligand-dependent tumor suppressive pathways. Methods We employed transient knockdown of EPHB4 in prostate cancer cells, coupled with gene microarray analysis, to identify genes that were regulated by EPHB4 and may represent linked tumor-promoting factors. We validated target genes using qRT-PCR and employed functional assays to determine their role in prostate cancer migration and invasion. Results We discovered that over 500 genes were deregulated upon EPHB4 siRNA knockdown, with integrin β8 (ITGB8) being the top hit (29-fold down-regulated compared to negative non-silencing siRNA). Gene ontology analysis found that the process of cell adhesion was highly deregulated and two other integrin genes, ITGA3 and ITGA10, were also differentially expressed. In parallel, we also discovered that over-expression of EPHB4 led to a concomitant increase in ITGB8 expression. In silico analysis of a prostate cancer progression microarray publically available in the Oncomine database showed that both EPHB4 and ITGB8 are highly expressed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the precursor to prostate cancer. Knockdown of ITGB8 in PC-3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells in vitro resulted in significant reduction of cell migration and invasion. Conclusions These results reveal that EphB4 regulates integrin β8 expression and that integrin β8 plays a hitherto unrecognized role in the motility of prostate cancer cells and thus targeting integrin β8 may be a new treatment strategy for prostate cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1164-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Mertens-Walker
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Bruno C Fernandini
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Mohanan S N Maharaj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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