1
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Li J, Li M, Sun Y, Zhang G, Fan W, Zhong Y. The impact of social hierarchies on neural response to feedback evaluations after advice giving. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26611. [PMID: 38339957 PMCID: PMC10839742 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advisors generally evaluate advisee-relevant feedback after advice giving. The response to these feedback-(1) whether the advice is accepted and (2) whether the advice is optimal-usually involves prestige. Prior literature has found that prestige is the basis by which individuals attain a superior status in the social hierarchy. However, whether advisors are motivated to attain a superior status when engaging in advice giving remains uncharacterized. Using event-related potentials, this study investigates how advisors evaluate feedback after giving advice to superior (vs. inferior) status advisees. A social hierarchy was first established based on two advisees (one was ranked as superior status and another as inferior status) as well as participants' performance in a dot-estimation task in which all participants were ranked as medium status. Participants then engaged in a game in which they were assigned roles as advisors to a superior or inferior status advisee. Afterward, the participants received feedback in two phases. In Phase 1, participants were told whether the advisees accepted the advice provided. In Phase 2, the participants were informed whether the advice they provided was correct. In these two phases, when the advisee was of superior status, participants exhibited stronger feedback-related negativity and P300 difference in response to (1) whether their advice was accepted, and (2) whether their advice was correct. Moreover, the P300 was notably larger when the participants' correct advice led to a gain for a superior-status advisee. In the context of advice giving, advisors are particularly motivated to attain a superior status when the feedback involving social hierarchies, which is reflected in higher sensitivity to feedback associated with superior status advisees at earlier and later stages during feedback evaluations in brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- School of PsychologySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of PsychologyGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangP.R. China
| | - Guanfei Zhang
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
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2
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Pulferer HS, Kostoglou K, Müller-Putz GR. Getting off track: Cortical feedback processing network modulated by continuous error signal during target-feedback mismatch. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120144. [PMID: 37121373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance monitoring and feedback processing - especially in the wake of erroneous outcomes - represent a crucial aspect of everyday life, allowing us to deal with imminent threats in the short term but also promoting necessary behavioral adjustments in the long term to avoid future conflicts. Over the last thirty years, research extensively analyzed the neural correlates of processing discrete error stimuli, unveiling the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) as two main components of the cognitive response. However, the connection between the ERN/Pe and distinct stages of error processing, ranging from action monitoring to subsequent corrective behavior, remains ambiguous. Furthermore, mundane actions such as steering a vehicle already transgress the scope of discrete erroneous events and demand fine-tuned feedback control, and thus, the processing of continuous error signals - a topic scarcely researched at present. We analyzed two electroencephalography datasets to investigate the processing of continuous erroneous signals during a target tracking task, employing feedback in various levels and modalities. We observed significant differences between correct (slightly delayed) and erroneous feedback conditions in the larger one of the two datasets that we analyzed, both in sensor and source space. Furthermore, we found strong error-induced modulations that appeared consistent across datasets and error conditions, indicating a clear order of engagement of specific brain regions that correspond to individual components of error processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Pulferer
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, Graz, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Kostoglou
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Deng X, Yang C, Xu J, Liufu M, Li Z, Chen J. Bridging event-related potentials with behavioral studies in motor learning. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1161918. [PMID: 37168099 PMCID: PMC10164924 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1161918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral approaches and electrophysiology in understanding human sensorimotor systems have both yielded substantial advancements in past decades. In fact, behavioral neuroscientists have found that motor learning involves the two distinct processes of the implicit and the explicit. Separately, they have also distinguished two kinds of errors that drive motor learning: sensory prediction error and task error. Scientists in electrophysiology, in addition, have discovered two motor-related, event-related potentials (ERPs): error-related negativity (ERN), and feedback-related negativity (FRN). However, there has been a lack of interchange between the two lines of research. This article, therefore, will survey through the literature in both directions, attempting to establish a bridge between these two fruitful lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Xueqian Deng,
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mengzhan Liufu
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zina Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Juan Chen,
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4
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Watanabe H, Naruse Y. P300 as a neural indicator for setting levels of goal scores in educational gamification applications from the perspective of intrinsic motivation: An ERP study. Front Neuroergon 2022; 3:948080. [PMID: 38235471 PMCID: PMC10790842 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.948080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The challenge level of goal achievement affects intrinsic motivation. Thus, the goal score learners are required to achieve is an important element in gamified educational applications to foster users' intrinsic motivation. However, determining optimal goal scores that enhance the intrinsic motivation of each learner is not easy because individual competence and preferences for the challenge level (e.g., preference for difficult-to-achieve challenges) vary. One approach is to determine the goal score using physiological measurements to estimate when an individual's intrinsic motivation is reinforced. Measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered useful for this purpose. ERPs time-locked to feedback onset, such as feedback-related negativity and P300, reflect intrinsic motivation. However, it remains unclear whether these ERPs can serve as indicators of optimal goal scores for gamified educational applications in terms of intrinsic motivation. The present study aimed to examine whether ERP measures vary with the challenge levels of the goal score determined by participants' competence (too-easy, moderate and too-hard levels) and/or with their preference for these levels when using a gamified mental arithmetic application. Thirty-three participants solved 64 addition problems in one session in this application and received auditory feedback immediately after each answer entry. Scores were then calculated based on their task performance. Before each session, participants were informed of the goal score and instructed to exceed it as much as possible. Sessions were repeated six times at easy, moderate, and hard levels of goal scores, with two sessions per level. Goal score preferences were quantified based on subjective ratings of the motivation to achieve each level of goal score using a 7-point Likert scale. The mean amplitudes of ERPs were obtained for each participant. Results showed that P300 was significantly related to subjective ratings but not to levels of goal scores, indicating that P300 could be an indicator of participant preference for goal score levels. This study suggests that measurement of P300 may serve as a neural indicator providing an optimal goal score for individual learners that maximizes their intrinsic motivation in gamified learning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Naruse
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka University, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Gong Y, Yan J, Deng Y, Bao C, Yi Q, Liu J, Zhang Z. Examining impulsivity and risky decision making among school youth in balloon analogue risk task. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:127-137. [PMID: 35242659 PMCID: PMC8825929 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity trait as a risk factor which typically displayed in risk decision among school youth. This study aims to examine behavioral and cognitive problems of risky decision among Chinese young people aged 15-25 years. The balloon analogue risk task (BART) and event-related potential (ERP) were combine used to explore the neural mechanism of risky decision process whether infected by impulsivity trait. METHODS A total of 31 subjects were included, including 16 experimental subjects with risk behavior (RS), and 15 health control subjects with non-risk behavior (HC). BART were used to measure risk-taking propensity and ERP were to record in real time. RS vs. HC were compared to explain the relationship between impulsivity and risky decision. RESULTS Behavioral data in BART task shown that the RS subjects tended to make risky decisions. ERP results illustrate that P300 in RS subjects is more significant positive-going than HC that means dysfunction of cognitive control, and FRN in RS subjects is more negative-going than HC in negative feedback condition, which means individual with high impulsive would be more sensitive to unexpected outcome. CONCLUSIONS Impulsiveness is a risk factor for school adolescent, because RS subjects performed more risky decision than control group, the evidence indicate that individual with high impulsiveness would lead to be less sensitive to harmful consequences and more inclination to immediate rewards. Therefore, the inclination of risk taking can be powerfully informed by different levels of impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Department of Nursing, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Nursing, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunlong Deng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Office of Academic Affairs, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qifeng Yi
- Department of Nursing, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Nursing, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Zheng J, Hu L, Li L, Shen Q, Wang L. Confidence Modulates the Conformity Behavior of the Investors and Neural Responses of Social Influence in Crowdfunding. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:766908. [PMID: 34803641 PMCID: PMC8600065 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.766908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision about whether to invest can be affected by the choices or opinions of others known as a form of social influence. People make decisions with fluctuating confidence, which plays an important role in the decision process. However, it remains a fair amount of confusion regarding the effect of confidence on the social influence as well as the underlying neural mechanism. The current study applied a willingness-to-invest task with the event-related potentials method to examine the behavioral and neural manifestations of social influence and its interaction with confidence in the context of crowdfunding investment. The behavioral results demonstrate that the conformity tendency of the people increased when their willingness-to-invest deviated far from the group. Besides, when the people felt less confident about their initial judgment, they were more likely to follow the herd. In conjunction with the behavioral findings, the neural results of the social information processing indicate different susceptibilities to small and big conflicts between the own willingness of the people and the group, with small conflict evoked less negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) and more positive late positive potential (LPP). Moreover, confidence only modulated the later neural processing by eliciting larger LPP in the low confidence, implying more reliance on social information. These results corroborate previous findings regarding the conformity effect and its neural mechanism in investment decision and meanwhile extend the existing works of literature through providing behavioral and neural evidence to the effect of confidence on the social influence in the crowdfunding marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Zheng
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Hu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Bellato A, Norman L, Idrees I, Ogawa CY, Waitt A, Zuccolo PF, Tye C, Radua J, Groom MJ, Shephard E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of altered electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:964-987. [PMID: 34687698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered performance monitoring is implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring (error-related negativity, ERN; error positivity, Pe; feedback-related negativity, FRN; feedback-P3) in individuals with OCD, GTS, ADHD or autism compared to control participants, or associations between correlates and symptoms/traits of these conditions. Meta-analyses on 97 studies (5890 participants) showed increased ERN in OCD (Hedge's g = 0.54[CIs:0.44,0.65]) and GTS (g = 0.99[CIs:0.05,1.93]). OCD also showed increased Pe (g = 0.51[CIs:0.21,0.81]) and FRN (g = 0.50[CIs:0.26,0.73]). ADHD and autism showed reduced ERN (ADHD: g=-0.47[CIs:-0.67,-0.26]; autism: g=-0.61[CIs:-1.10,-0.13]). ADHD also showed reduced Pe (g=-0.50[CIs:-0.69,-0.32]). These findings suggest overlap in electrophysiological markers of performance monitoring alterations in four common neurodevelopmental conditions, with increased amplitudes of the markers in OCD and GTS and decreased amplitudes in ADHD and autism. Implications of these findings in terms of shared and distinct performance monitoring alterations across these neurodevelopmental conditions are discussed. PROSPERO pre-registration code: CRD42019134612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellato
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iman Idrees
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carolina Y Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Waitt
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pedro F Zuccolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madeleine J Groom
- Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Shephard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Yu M, Duan Q, Wu X, Luo S. Effect of uncertainty-dependent residential mobility on loss aversion. Psych J 2021; 10:777-793. [PMID: 34402207 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The current research aimed to examine the relationship between residential mobility and loss aversion, a ubiquitous decision-making bias conceptualized in prospect theory. Combining correlational, experimental, and electroencephalography approaches, we tested the hypothesis that residential mobility may increase loss aversion. The results revealed a positive correlation between residential mobility and loss aversion (Study 1). These effects were moderated by individuals' residential mobility/stability mindsets. Behaviorally, we observed a positive association between residential mobility history and loss aversion among individuals with a high (vs. low) subjective uncertainty after manipulating their residential mobility mindset by priming them with a mobile or stable lifestyle (Study 2). On the neural level, we found that the mindset of residential mobility (vs. stability) enhanced the differential feedback-related negativity (FRN) modulations between the large-win and large-loss conditions among Chinese participants with a high subjective uncertainty (Study 3). In conclusion, residential mobility elevated loss aversion by enhancing feelings of subjective uncertainty. Our findings provide novel insights into how changes in the socioecological environment shape individuals' decision-making bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Yu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Olympic Secondary School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Duan
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Wu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Zhang H, Gu R, Yang M, Zhang M, Han F, Li H, Luo W. Context-based interpersonal relationship modulates social comparison between outcomes: an event-related potential study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:439-452. [PMID: 33527110 PMCID: PMC7990070 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Social comparison is a common behavior that largely determines people's experience of decision outcome. Previous research has showed that interpersonal relationship plays a pivotal role in social comparison. In the current study, we investigated whether the manipulation of context-based relationship would affect participants' comparison of self-outcome and other-outcome. Participants first finished a trust game with likeable (dislikeable) partner and then they were involved in a gambling task and observed the outcomes for themselves and for partners. According to self-reports, participants were more satisfied with likeable partner's gains than losses only when they received gains, but they were always more satisfied with dislikeable player's losses compared to gains. Event-related potentials including the feedback-related negativity (FRN), P3 and late positive component (LPC) were sensitive to context-based relationship. Specifically, the prediction error signal (indexed by the FRN) was largest when participants received losses but dislikeable player received gains. Meanwhile, the P3 indicates that participants had stronger motivation to outperform dislikeable player. Finally, the LPC was larger when participants received the same outcomes with dislikeable players. In general, our results support the key point of the self-evaluation maintenance model that personal closeness modulates subjective sensitivity when drawing a comparison of one's outcomes with other's outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoyin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China.,Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Fengxu Han
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China.,Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518061, China.,Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
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10
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Li J, Liu L, Sun Y, Fan W, Li M, Zhong Y. Exposure to money modulates neural responses to outcome evaluations involving social reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:111-121. [PMID: 32064532 PMCID: PMC7171377 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that exposure to monetary cues strengthens an individual's motivation to pursue monetary rewards by inducing the 'market mode' (i.e. thinking and behaving in accordance with market principles). Here, we examined the effect of market mode on social reward processes by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants primed with monetary images or neutral images acted as advisors who selected one of two options for a putative advisee. Subsequently, all participants passively observed the advisee accepting or rejecting their advice and receiving a gain or loss outcome. After money priming, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) to the advisee's gain/loss outcome was larger following incorrect as compared to correct advice irrespective of whether the advice had been accepted or rejected. A smaller P3 following incorrect advice showed only when the advice was rejected. After neutral priming, the FRN was larger for incorrect relative to correct advice only when the advice had been rejected. However, the P3 was larger for correct relative to incorrect advice irrespective of the advisee's final choice. These findings suggest that the market mode facilitates early and automatic feedback processing but reduces later and controlled responding to outcomes that had been accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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11
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Wei S, Xue Z, Sun W, Han J, Wu H, Liu X. Altered Neural Processing of Reward and Punishment in Women With Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:692266. [PMID: 34721096 PMCID: PMC8548383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the altered function of reward and punishment is an important vulnerability factor leading to the development of drug use disorders. Previous studies have identified evidence of neurophysiological dysfunction in the reward process of individuals with substance use disorders. To date, only a few event-related potential (ERP) studies have examined the neural basis of reward and punishment processing in women with methamphetamine (MA) use disorders. The current ERP research aims to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of reward and punishment in women with MA use disorder using a monetary incentive delay task. Nineteen women with MA use disorder (MA group) and 20 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited in this study. The behavioral data showed that the reaction time (RT) was faster and the response accuracy (ACC) was higher for the potential reward and punishment conditions compared to neutral conditions. During the monetary incentive anticipation stage, the Cue-P3, and stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) were larger in the MA group than in the HC group. The SPN under the potential reward condition was larger than that under the neutral condition in the MA group but not in the HC group. During the monetary incentive consummation stage, the feedback-related negativity and feedback P3 (FB-P3) following positive feedback were significantly larger than negative feedback in the potential reward condition for the HC group, but not for the MA group. However, the FB-P3 following negative feedback was significantly larger than positive feedback in the potential punishment condition for the MA group, but not the HC group. The results suggest that women with MUD have stronger expectations of generic reward and stronger response of generic harm avoidance, which could be targeted in designing interventions for women with MA use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wei
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wujun Sun
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Han
- Hebei Female Drug Rehabilitation Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao, SAR China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Li J, Xu N, Zhong Y. Monetary payoffs modulate reciprocity expectations in outcome evaluations: An event-related potential study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:902-915. [PMID: 33378098 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choosing cooperation or aggression relies on reciprocity preferences which refer to the tendency of an individual to return cooperative or aggressive action for cooperative or aggressive action (i.e., positive or negative reciprocity preference). The reciprocity preference is positively correlated with reciprocity expectation, wherein individuals with stronger reciprocity preferences may have higher expectations than future cooperative or aggressive behavior should be delivered by beneficiaries (positive reciprocity expectation) or victims (negative reciprocity expectation). Although previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of monetary payoffs enhances reciprocity preferences, the modulation of monetary payoffs in reciprocity expectations remains unclear. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined how monetary payoffs modulated reciprocity expectations by adopting the Chicken game. Participants were asked to choose between cooperation and aggression with a putative opponent in the Chicken game involving the monetary (vs. non-monetary) payoffs. Participants' electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded when they saw the opponent's cooperative or aggressive decision. Results showed that compared to the non-monetary payoff trials, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) effect in response to the opponent's decisions was stronger following the participant's aggressive decision in the monetary payoff trials, whereas P3 was insensitive to monetary payoffs. These findings suggest that monetary payoffs heighten expectations of negative reciprocity at the earlier and automatic outcome processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Nian Xu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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13
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Zhong N, Chen T, Zhu Y, Su H, Ruan X, Li X, Tan H, Jiang H, Du J, Zhao M. Smaller Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) Reflects the Risky Decision-Making Deficits of Methamphetamine Dependent Individuals. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32372989 PMCID: PMC7186331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) chronic users show risky decision-making deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. A case-control study was conducted to understand how MA users and healthy controls differ in electrophysiological responses associated with series decision-making. Electroencephalography of 31 MA users and 27 healthy controls was recorded when they performed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task involving risky decision-making with uncertain gain or loss. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) was measured and their association with their risky decision-making and impulsivity were examined. Compared to healthy controls, MA users showed smaller peak FRN amplitudes in fronto-central electrodes (F (1, 56) =4.559, p=0.037), and the attenuated peak FRN amplitudes correlated with more risk-taking behavior (r=0.48, p=0.012). Besides, MA users exhibited later FRN (F (1, 56) = 7.561, p=0.008) and earlier P300 (F (1, 56) = 3.582, p = 0.041) compared to healthy controls in fronto-central electrodes, which were correlated with higher score of impulsivity. These findings provided further evidence that MA users showed insensitivity to negative feedback in risky decision-making. FRN might be a promising biomarker of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Ruan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoye Tan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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14
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Krugliakova E, Gorin A, Fedele T, Shtyrov Y, Moiseeva V, Klucharev V, Shestakova A. The Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task Induces Changes in Sensory Processing: ERP Evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:382. [PMID: 31736730 PMCID: PMC6839045 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cognitive studies have demonstrated experience-induced plasticity in the primary sensory cortex, indicating that repeated decisions could modulate sensory processing. In this context, we investigated whether an auditory version of the monetary incentive delay (MID) task could change the neural processing of the incentive cues that code expected monetary outcomes. To study sensory plasticity, we presented the incentive cues as deviants during oddball sessions recorded before and after training in the two MID task sessions. We found that after 2 days of training in the MID task, incentive cues evoked a larger P3a (compared with the baseline condition), indicating there was an enhancement of the involuntary attention to the stimuli that predict rewards. At the individual level, the training-induced change of mismatch-related negativity was correlated with the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) recorded during the first MID task session. Our results show that the MID task evokes plasticity changes in the auditory system associated with better passive discrimination of incentive cues and with enhanced involuntary attention switching towards these cues. Thus, the sensory processing of incentive cues is dynamically modulated by previous outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Krugliakova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Gorin
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tommaso Fedele
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neurodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Moiseeva
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shestakova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Li Q, Wang Y, Yang Z, Dai W, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Liu X. Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13469. [PMID: 31456249 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental theories posit that immature cognitive control and excessive reward-seeking capacities may be a risk factor for addictive behaviors during adolescence, but the control and reward capacities have rarely been assessed experimentally in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) simultaneously. This electrophysiological study examined inhibitory control and reward processing in adolescents with IGD during a go/no-go task and a gambling task. Behaviorally, the adolescents with IGD exhibited lower inhibitory control, as measured by the accuracy of no-go trials, and more risk seeking, as measured by the proportion of risky choices, than did the controls. Compared with the controls, the adolescents with IGD exhibited decreased no-go P3 and blunted feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitudes following gains (gain FRN) but not losses. Thus, IGD in adolescents is potentially driven by dysfunction of the control system and the approach system rather than the avoidance system, supporting the neurobiological model of adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weine Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,CFIN and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Jie J, Luo P, Zhuang M, Li B, Pang Y, Li J, Zheng X. Self-Interest Induces Counter- Empathy at the Late Stage of Empathic Responses to Others' Economic Payoffs. Front Psychol 2019; 10:372. [PMID: 30858815 PMCID: PMC6398428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that individuals exhibit empathic responses when others are treated unfairly. However, there remains a lack of clarity over the extent to which self-interest regulates these empathic responses, and in identifying which component of empathy is more likely to be affected. To investigate these issues, an experiment was designed based on a money distribution task with two conditions [observation condition (OC) vs. participation condition (PC)], and carried out using scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs). Behavioral data showed that the participants' empathic responses were consistent with their coplayers' emotional expressions in the OC, whereas they were inconsistent with the coplayers' expressions in the PC. The electrophysiological data showed that the neural encoding of facial expressions (reflected in the N170) was not affected by self-interest. However, the late stage of empathic responses (LPP) showed a decline when participants' self-interest was involved. Disadvantageous inequality and relatively fair distribution to others elicited a more pronounced feedback-related negativity (FRN) than advantageous inequality distribution in both the OC and PC. As the late stage of empathic responses is also indexed by the LPP amplitude, these results indicate that the participants were more concerned for their own outcomes than for others' benefits when self-interest was involved, which reduced their empathy toward their coplayers at the late stage of empathic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Mental Health Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Pinchao Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Hu X, Xu Z, Mai X. Social value orientation modulates the processing of outcome evaluation involving others. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1730-1739. [PMID: 28981906 PMCID: PMC5691550 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social value orientation (SVO) is a stable personality trait that reflects how people evaluate interdependent outcomes for themselves and others in social environments. Generally, people can be classified into two types: proselfs and prosocials. The present study examined how SVO affects the processing of outcome evaluation temporally using the event-related potential (ERP). Young adults with two different SVO types participated in a simple gambling task in which they received outcome distributions for themselves and others. The results showed that for the self outcomes, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was more negative for self-loss than self-gain, and the P3 and late positive component (LPC) was larger for self-gain than self-loss in both prosocial and proself groups. For the other outcomes, however, the FRN, P3 and LPC were sensitive to other’s gain and loss only in the prosocial group but not in the proself group. These findings suggest that outcomes for oneself and others are processed differently at different stages of evaluation processing in the brains of individuals with distinct SVOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmu Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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18
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Abstract
Empathy plays a central role in social decisions involving psychological conflict, such as whether to help another person at the cost of one’s own interests. Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, the current study explored the neural mechanisms underlying the empathic effect on the evaluation processing of outcomes in conflict-of-interest situations, in which the gain of others resulted in the performer’s loss. In the high-empathy condition, the beneficiaries were underprivileged students who were living in distress (stranger in need). In the low-empathy condition, the beneficiaries were general students without miserable information (stranger not in need). ERP results showed that the FRN was more negative-going for self no-gain than self gain, but showed reversed pattern for other’s outcome (i.e., more negative for gain than no-gain) in the low-empathy condition, indicating that participants interpreted the gain of others as the loss of themselves. However, the reversed FRN pattern was not observed in the high-empathy condition, suggesting that the neural responses to one’s own loss are buffered by empathy. In addition, the P3 valence effect was observed only in the self condition, but not in the two stranger conditions, indicating that the P3 is more sensitive to self-relevant information. Moreover, the results of subjective rating showed that more empathic concern and altruistic motivation were elicited in the high-empathy condition than in the low-empathy condition, and these scores had negative linear correlations only with the FRN, but not with the P3. These findings suggest that when outcomes following altruistic decisions involve conflict of interest, the early stage of the processing of outcome evaluation could be modulated by the empathic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmu Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Shi
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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19
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Valt C, Sprengeler MK, Stürmer B. Linking internal and external signals for performance monitoring: An event-related potential study. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13085. [PMID: 29663423 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the relevance of internal signals for the dynamics of personal and nonpersonal feedback processing. To this end, pairs of participants performed concurrently a choice-response task and received external signals in four feedback contexts. In two contexts, feedback was informative about the personal performance (personal/private and personal/public); in the other two contexts, instructions suggested that feedback was informative about the other participant's performance (nonpersonal/other) or that it was random (nonpersonal/random). Since personal feedback was contingent on performance, the two contexts with personal feedback allowed a reference between internal and external signals. This reference significantly affected personal feedback processing. On the one hand, in the processing of personal feedback, the feedback-related negativities (FRNs) evoked by feedback associated with distinctively fast or slow responses were less negative than the FRN elicited by feedback related to responses made with average speed. On the other hand, feedback signals evoked FRNs with similar amplitudes in the two contexts with nonpersonal feedback. Furthermore, personal and nonpersonal feedback elicited ERPs with different strength. Starting with the P2 potential, personal feedback evoked a more positive electrophysiological response than nonpersonal feedback. Based on these results, we conclude that a link between internal and external signals, as for personal feedback, is a key factor influencing the dynamics of feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Valt
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Stürmer
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhou X. Electrophysiological Responses to Expectancy Violations in Semantic and Gambling Tasks: A Comparison of Different EEG Reference Approaches. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:169. [PMID: 29615858 PMCID: PMC5869192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamically evaluating the outcomes of our actions and thoughts is a fundamental cognitive ability. Given its excellent temporal resolution, the event-related potential (ERP) technology has been used to address this issue. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) component of ERPs has been studied intensively with the averaged linked mastoid reference method (LM). However, it is unknown whether FRN can be induced by an expectancy violation in an antonym relations context and whether LM is the most suitable reference approach. To address these issues, the current research directly compared the ERP components induced by expectancy violations in antonym expectation and gambling tasks with a within-subjects design and investigated the effect of the reference approach on the experimental effects. Specifically, we systematically compared the influence of the LM, reference electrode standardization technique (REST) and average reference (AVE) approaches on the amplitude, scalp distribution and magnitude of ERP effects as a function of expectancy violation type. The expectancy deviation in the antonym expectation task elicited an N400 effect that differed from the FRN effect induced in the gambling task; this difference was confirmed by all the three reference methods. Both the amplitudes of the ERP effects (N400 and FRN) and the magnitude as the expectancy violation increased were greater under the LM approach than those under the REST approach, followed by those under the AVE approach. Based on the statistical results, the electrode sites that showed the N400 and FRN effects critically depended on the reference method, and the results of the REST analysis were consistent with previous ERP studies. Combined with evidence from simulation studies, we suggest that REST is an optional reference method to be used in future ERP data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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21
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Shang Z, Wang L, Wu H. The Interactive Influence of Perceived Ownership and Perceived Choosership of Stocks on Brain Response to Stock Outcomes. Front Psychol 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28194118 PMCID: PMC5278520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research examined the influence of perceived ownership (self/other) and perceived chooser (self/other) of stocks on brain activity, and investigated whether differential brain responses to stock outcomes as a result of perceived differences in ownership of stock would be modulated by perceived chooser of stock. We used a 2 (stock chooser: self, other) × 2 (stock owner: self, other) within-subject design to represent four types of chooser-owner relationships. Brain potentials were recorded while participants observed increasing and decreasing stock prices. Results showed that observations of stock outcomes among four types of chooser-owner relationships elicited differentiated feedback-related negativity (d-FRN: differences in FRN waves between losses and gains, reflecting violations of expectancy to stock outcomes): (1) Self-chosen-other-owned stocks evoked significantly larger d-FRN discrepancies than self-chosen-self-owned stocks, indicating a greater expectancy violation to others' losses than to one's own, demonstrating a reversed ownership effect. Moreover, people high in conscientiousness showed an increase in this trend, suggesting a stronger other-consideration; (2) Self-chosen-self-owned stocks and other-chosen-self-owned stocks revealed no significant d-FRN discrepancy, showing no choosership effect beyond the ownership effect; (3) Other-chosen-self-owned stocks evoked a significantly stronger d-FRN discrepancy than other-chosen-other-owned stocks, demonstrating an ownership effect; (4) Self-chosen-other-owned stocks evoked a significantly stronger d-FRN discrepancy than other-chosen-other-owned stocks, revealing a choosership effect. These findings suggest that the ownership effect could be reversed by conscientiousness induced by perceived choosership in the agency relationship, while the choosership effect is attenuated and even disappears under the influence of perceived ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, TAETEA Consumer Research Center, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, TAETEA Consumer Research Center, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, TAETEA Consumer Research Center, Peking University Beijing, China
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22
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Zhu X, Wang L, Yang S, Gu R, Wu H, Luo Y. The Motivational Hierarchy between the Personal Self and Close Others in the Chinese Brain: an ERP Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1467. [PMID: 27729888 PMCID: PMC5037196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People base their decisions not only on their own self-interest but also on the interests of close others. Generally, the personal self has primacy in the motivational hierarchy in the Western culture. A recent study found that friends have the same motivational hierarchy as the personal self in the Eastern collectivist culture. Remaining unknown is whether the motivational hierarchy of the personal self and close others can be manifested in the collectivist brain. In the present study, we asked participants to gamble for the personal self, close others (i.e., mother, father, and close friend), and strangers. The positive-going deflection of event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to positive feedback showed the following pattern: personal self = mother = father > friend > stranger. In the loss condition, no significant beneficiary effect was observed. The present results indicate that the personal self and parents are intertwined in the motivational system in the Chinese undergraduate student brain, supporting the view that the personal self and parents have the same motivational primacy at the electrocortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Educational Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian China
| | - Suyong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen China
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Santos IM, Teixeira AR, Tomé AM, Pereira AT, Rodrigues P, Vagos P, Costa J, Carrito ML, Oliveira B, DeFilippis NA, Silva CF. ERP correlates of error processing during performance on the Halstead Category Test. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 106:97-105. [PMID: 27335272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Halstead Category Test (HCT) is a neuropsychological test that measures a person's ability to formulate and apply abstract principles. Performance must be adjusted based on feedback after each trial and errors are common until the underlying rules are discovered. Event-related potential (ERP) studies associated with the HCT are lacking. This paper demonstrates the use of a methodology inspired on Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) applied to EEG signals, to remove high amplitude ocular and movement artifacts during performance on the test. This filtering technique introduces no phase or latency distortions, with minimum loss of relevant EEG information. Importantly, the test was applied in its original clinical format, without introducing adaptations to ERP recordings. After signal treatment, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) wave, which is related to error-processing, was identified. This component peaked around 250ms, after feedback, in fronto-central electrodes. As expected, errors elicited more negative amplitudes than correct responses. Results are discussed in terms of the increased clinical potential that coupling ERP information with behavioral performance data can bring to the specificity of the HCT in diagnosing different types of impairment in frontal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Santos
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A R Teixeira
- IEETA, University of Aveiro, Portugal; ESEC, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Tomé
- IEETA, University of Aveiro, Portugal; DETI, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A T Pereira
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Rodrigues
- University of Beira Interior, Portugal; CICS, Research Center in Health Sciences, Portugal
| | - P Vagos
- CINEICC, Cognitive and Behavioural Center for Research and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Costa
- University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - M L Carrito
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B Oliveira
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N A DeFilippis
- Georgia School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University, Atlanta, USA
| | - C F Silva
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Zhu X, Wu H, Yang S, Gu R. Motivational Hierarchy in the Chinese Brain: Primacy of the Individual Self, Relational Self, or Collective Self? Front Psychol 2016; 7:877. [PMID: 27378977 PMCID: PMC4904001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the three-tier hierarchy of motivational potency in the self system, the self can be divided into individual self, relational self, and collective self, and individual self is at the top of the motivational hierarchy in Western culture. However, the motivational primacy of the individual self is challenged in Chinese culture, which raises the question about whether the three-tier hierarchy of motivational potency in the self system can be differentiated in the collectivist brain. The present study recorded the event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate brain responses when participants gambled for individual self, for a close friend (relational self), or for the class (collective self). The ERP results showed that when outcome feedback was positive, gambling for individual self evoked a larger reward positivity compared with gambling for a friend or for the class, while there is no difference between the latter two conditions. In contrast, when outcome feedback was negative, no significant effect was found between conditions. The present findings provide direct electrophysiological evidence that individual self is at the top of the three-tier hierarchy of the motivational system in the collectivist brain, which supports the classical pancultural view that individual self has motivational primacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Cognition and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Suyong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
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25
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Cao J, Gu R, Bi X, Zhu X, Wu H. Unexpected Acceptance? Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Manifest their Social Expectancy in ERPs During Social Feedback Processing. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1745. [PMID: 26635659 PMCID: PMC4644791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on social anxiety have demonstrated negative-expectancy bias in social contexts. In this study, we used a paradigm that employed self-relevant positive or negative social feedback, in order to test whether this negative expectancy manifests in event-related potentials (ERPs) during social evaluation among socially anxious individuals. Behavioral data revealed that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) showed more negative expectancy of peer acceptance both in the experiment and in daily life than did the healthy control participants. Regarding ERP results, we found a overally larger P2 for positive social feedback and also a group main effect, such that the P2 was smaller in SAD group. SAD participants demonstrated a larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) to positive feedback than to negative feedback. In addition, SAD participants showed a more positive ΔFRN (ΔFRN = negative – positive). Furthermore, acceptance expectancy in daily life correlated negatively with ΔFRN amplitude, while the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) score correlated positively with the ΔFRN amplitude. Finally, the acceptance expectancy in daily life fully mediated the relationship between the IAS and ΔFRN. These results indicated that both groups could differentiate between positive and negative social feedback in the early stage of social feedback processing (reflected on the P2). However, the SAD group exhibited a larger FRN to positive social feedback than to negative social feedback, demonstrating their dysfunction in the late stage of social feedback processing. In our opinion, such dysfunction is due to their greater negative social feedback expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Cao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University Daqing, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Bi
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University Daqing, China
| | - Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Cognition and Behavior, Henan University Kaifeng, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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26
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Liu HH, Hsieh MH, Hsu YF, Lai WS. Effects of affective arousal on choice behavior, reward prediction errors, and feedback-related negativities in human reward-based decision making. Front Psychol 2015; 6:592. [PMID: 26042057 PMCID: PMC4434921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional experience has a pervasive impact on choice behavior, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Introducing facial-expression primes into a probabilistic learning task, we investigated how affective arousal regulates reward-related choice based on behavioral, model fitting, and feedback-related negativity (FRN) data. Sixty-six paid subjects were randomly assigned to the Neutral-Neutral (NN), Angry-Neutral (AN), and Happy-Neutral (HN) groups. A total of 960 trials were conducted. Subjects in each group were randomly exposed to half trials of the pre-determined emotional faces and another half of the neutral faces before choosing between two cards drawn from two decks with different assigned reward probabilities. Trial-by-trial data were fit with a standard reinforcement learning model using the Bayesian estimation approach. The temporal dynamics of brain activity were simultaneously recorded and analyzed using event-related potentials. Our analyses revealed that subjects in the NN group gained more reward values than those in the other two groups; they also exhibited comparatively differential estimated model-parameter values for reward prediction errors. Computing the difference wave of FRNs in reward vs. non-reward trials, we found that, compared to the NN group, subjects in the AN and HN groups had larger “General” FRNs (i.e., FRNs in no-reward trials minus FRNs in reward trials) and “Expected” FRNs (i.e., FRNs in expected reward-omission trials minus FRNs in expected reward-delivery trials), indicating an interruption in predicting reward. Further, both AN and HN groups appeared to be more sensitive to negative outcomes than the NN group. Collectively, our study suggests that affective arousal negatively regulates reward-related choice, probably through overweighting with negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan ; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan ; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Mueller EM, Pechtel P, Cohen A, Douglas S, Pizzagalli D. Potentiated processing of negative feedback in depression is attenuated by anhedonia. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:296-305. [PMID: 25620272 PMCID: PMC4374007 DOI: 10.1002/da.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cognitive theories of depression have postulated enhanced processing of negatively valenced information, previous EEG studies have shown both increased and reduced sensitivity for negative performance feedback in MDD. To reconcile these paradoxical findings, it has been speculated that sensitivity for negative feedback is potentiated in moderate MDD, but reduced in highly anhedonic subjects. The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis by analyzing the feedback-related negativity (FRN), frontomedial theta power (FMT), and source-localized anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) activity after negative feedback. METHODS Fourteen unmedicated participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 15 control participants performed a reinforcement learning task while 128-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. FRN, FMT, and LORETA source-localized aMCC activity after negative and positive feedback were compared between groups. RESULTS The MDD group showed higher FRN amplitudes and aMCC activation to negative feedback than controls. Moreover, aMCC activation to negative feedback was inversely related to self-reported anhedonia. In contrast, self-reported anxiety correlated with feedback-evoked frontomedial theta (FMT) within the depression group. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that, among depressed and anxious individuals, enhanced processing of negative feedback occurs relatively early in the information processing stream. These results extend prior work and indicate that although moderate depression is associated with elevated sensitivity for negative feedback, high levels of anhedonia may attenuate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Mueller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany,Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research & McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - P. Pechtel
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research & McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - A.L. Cohen
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research & McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - S.R. Douglas
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research & McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - D.A. Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research & McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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28
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Yang Q, Tang P, Gu R, Luo W, Luo YJ. Implicit emotion regulation affects outcome evaluation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:824-31. [PMID: 25332404 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient implicit emotion regulation processes, which run without awareness, are important for human well-being. In this study, to investigate the influence of implicit emotion regulation on psychological and electrophysiological responses to gains and losses, participants were required to select between two Chinese four-character idioms to match the meaning of the third one before they performed a monetary gambling task. According to whether their meanings were related to emotion regulation, the idioms fell into two categories. Event-related potentials and self-rating emotional experiences to outcome feedback were recorded during the task. Priming emotion regulation reduced subjective emotional experience to both gains and losses and the amplitudes of the feedback-related negativity, while the P3 component was not influenced. According to these results, we suggest that the application of implicit emotion regulation effectively modulated the subjective emotional experience and the motivational salience of current outcomes without the cost of cognitive resources. This study implicates the potential significance of implicit emotion regulation in decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China
| | - Yue-jia Luo
- Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China Sichuan Research Center of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, and Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 5108060, China
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29
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Qu C, Wang Y, Huang Y. Social exclusion modulates fairness consideration in the ultimatum game: an ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:505. [PMID: 23986686 PMCID: PMC3750207 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging research has identified brain regions activated when people’s fairness consideration changes under conditions of social exclusion. The current study used EEG data to examine the temporal process of changes in fairness consideration under social exclusion. In this study, a Cyberball game was administered to manipulate participants’ social exclusion or inclusion. Then, in the following Ultimatum game (UG), participants’ brain potentials were recorded while they received fair/unfair offers from someone who previously excluded them, someone who previously included them, or a stranger. Results showed that feedback-related negativity (FRN) after onset of distribution outcome was more pronounced for unfair offers compared to fair offers. Moreover, the FRN was more negative-going in response to unfair offers from people who previously excluded them than from the includer and the stranger. Fair offers elicited a larger P300 than unfair offers. In addition, P300 was more positive-going for unfair offers from the stranger than from the excluder and the includer. This study reveals a temporal process in which the effects of social exclusion on fair consideration are reflected in FRN in the early stage of outcome evaluation. These data also suggest that the FRN is modulated by the subjective evaluation of outcome events in a social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qu
- Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
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30
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Unger K, Heintz S, Kray J. Punishment sensitivity modulates the processing of negative feedback but not error-induced learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:186. [PMID: 22754518 PMCID: PMC3384291 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that individual differences in punishment and reward sensitivity are associated with functional alterations in neural systems underlying error and feedback processing. In particular, individuals highly sensitive to punishment have been found to be characterized by larger mediofrontal error signals as reflected in the error negativity/error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) and the feedback-related negativity (FRN). By contrast, reward sensitivity has been shown to relate to the error positivity (Pe). Given that Ne/ERN, FRN, and Pe have been functionally linked to flexible behavioral adaptation, the aim of the present research was to examine how these electrophysiological reflections of error and feedback processing vary as a function of punishment and reward sensitivity during reinforcement learning. We applied a probabilistic learning task that involved three different conditions of feedback validity (100%, 80%, and 50%). In contrast to prior studies using response competition tasks, we did not find reliable correlations between punishment sensitivity and the Ne/ERN. Instead, higher punishment sensitivity predicted larger FRN amplitudes, irrespective of feedback validity. Moreover, higher reward sensitivity was associated with a larger Pe. However, only reward sensitivity was related to better overall learning performance and higher post-error accuracy, whereas highly punishment sensitive participants showed impaired learning performance, suggesting that larger negative feedback-related error signals were not beneficial for learning or even reflected maladaptive information processing in these individuals. Thus, although our findings indicate that individual differences in reward and punishment sensitivity are related to electrophysiological correlates of error and feedback processing, we found less evidence for influences of these personality characteristics on the relation between performance monitoring and feedback-based learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Unger
- Department of Psychology, Development of Language, Learning, and Action, Saarland UniversitySaarbruecken, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Humans often change their beliefs or behavior due to the behavior or opinions of others. This study explored, with the use of human event-related potentials (ERPs), whether social conformity is based on a general performance-monitoring mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that conflicts with a normative group opinion evoke a feedback-related negativity (FRN) often associated with performance monitoring and subsequent adjustment of behavior. The experimental results show that individual judgments of facial attractiveness were adjusted in line with a normative group opinion. A mismatch between individual and group opinions triggered a frontocentral negative deflection with the maximum at 200 ms, similar to FRN. Overall, a conflict with a normative group opinion triggered a cascade of neuronal responses: from an earlier FRN response reflecting a conflict with the normative opinion to a later ERP component (peaking at 380 ms) reflecting a conforming behavioral adjustment. These results add to the growing literature on neuronal mechanisms of social influence by disentangling the conflict-monitoring signal in response to the perceived violation of social norms and the neural signal of a conforming behavioral adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shestakova
- Department of Higher Nervous Activity and Psychophysiology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, University Emb.7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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