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Main O, Jacquemot MP, Griveau Y, Guillaume S, Demonceaux C, Lopez-Marnet PL, Rey S, Fargier S, Sartre P, Montagnier C, Uijttewaal A, Mangel N, Meunier F, Reymond M, Méchin V, Coursol S. Precise control of water stress in the field reveals different response thresholds for forage yield and digestibility of maize hybrids. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1142462. [PMID: 36998698 PMCID: PMC10043421 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With dwindling global freshwater supplies and increasing water stress, agriculture is coming under increasing pressure to reduce water use. Plant breeding requires high analytical capabilities. For this reason, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to develop prediction equations for whole-plant samples, particularly for predicting dry matter digestibility, which has a major impact on the energy value of forage maize hybrids and is required for inclusion in the official French catalogue. Although the historical NIRS equations have long been used routinely in seed company breeding programmes, they do not predict all variables with the same accuracy. In addition, little is known about how accurate their predictions are under different water stress-environments. METHODS Here, we examined the effects of water stress and stress intensity on agronomic, biochemical, and NIRS predictive values in a set of 13 modern S0-S1 forage maize hybrids under four different environmental conditions resulting from the combination of a northern and southern location and two monitored water stress levels in the south. RESULTS First, we compared the reliability of NIRS predictions for basic forage quality traits obtained using the historical NIRS predictive equations and the new equations we recently developed. We found that NIRS predicted values were affected to varying degrees by environmental conditions. We also showed that forage yield gradually decreased as a function of water stress, whereas both dry matter and cell wall digestibilities increased regardless of the intensity of water stress, with variability among the tested varieties decreasing under the most stressed conditions. DISCUSSION By combining forage yield and dry matter digestibility, we were able to quantify digestible yield and identify varieties with different strategies for coping with water stress, raising the exciting possibility that important potential selection targets still exist. Finally, from a farmer's perspective, we were able to show that late silage harvest has no effect on dry matter digestibility and that moderate water stress does not necessarily result in a loss of digestible yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Main
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Jacquemot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Yves Griveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sophie Guillaume
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Claire Demonceaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Paul-Louis Lopez-Marnet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Rey
- Unité Expérimentale DiaScope, INRAE, Mauguio, France
| | | | - Pascal Sartre
- Unité Expérimentale DiaScope, INRAE, Mauguio, France
| | | | - Anthony Uijttewaal
- ARVALIS – Institut du végétal, Station expérimentale de La Jaillière, Loireauxence, France
| | - Nathalie Mangel
- ARVALIS – Institut du végétal, Station expérimentale, Boigneville, France
| | | | - Matthieu Reymond
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Valérie Méchin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Coursol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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Fang YJ, Zhang XC, Yu XF, Hou HZ, Wang W, Ma YF, Zhang GP, Lei KN, Yin JD. [Effects of vertical rotary subsoiling with combined organic and inorganic fertilization on water use efficiency and yield of forage maize in a semi-arid area.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:1327-1336. [PMID: 33899401 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Both reasonable soil tillage and fertilization management play critical roles in improving the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of forage maize in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau. A field experiment was conducted at Dingxi experimental station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences between 2017 and 2019. We explored the effects of tillage method and fertilization type on yields and WUE of forage maize, as well as the economic benefits. There were four treatments in the experiment, including traditional rotary tillage + organic-inorganic fertilization (TOF), deep rotary tillage + organic-inorganic fertilization (DOF), and vertical rotary subsoiling + organic-inorganic fertilization (VROF), and the traditional rotary tillage + inorganic fertilization as the control (TF). Our results showed that, compared with DOF, TOF, TF, and VROF all decreased soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer at flowering stage, ranging from 16.9 mm to 79.9 mm, but they all increased soil water consumption by 9.7-22.4 mm during vegetative growing stages, 11.0-19.8 mm during reproductive stage in the dry years. Due to significant improvement in water absorption, VROF increased dry matter weight at maturity by 3.9%-13.4% compared to other treatments. Similarly, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and double ear rate under VROF were significantly increased, while bald head length was decreased significantly, when compared with other treatments. As a result, over the three experimental seasons, VROF increased the grain and biological yield by 4.3%-51.5% and 4.3%-25.7% compared to other treatments, respectively. Accordingly, WUE calculated by grain and biomass yields were increased by 2.7%-36.9% and 3.6%-13.5% under VROF, compared to other treatments. VROF increased the unit gross total output value and the net income by 5.1%-32.9% and 6.9%-80.5% respectively, compared to other treatments. These results demonstrated that VROF is a drought-resistant and yield-increasing farming technology for sustainable forage maize production in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Fang
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xu-Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xian-Feng Yu
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Hou
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ma
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kang-Ning Lei
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jia-de Yin
- Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Birr T, Jensen T, Preußke N, Sönnichsen FD, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Hasler M, Verreet JA, Klink H. Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Modified Forms in Forage Maize Cultivars. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020110. [PMID: 33540691 PMCID: PMC7913079 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize. To assess the mycotoxin contamination in Northern Germany, 120 natural contaminated forage maize samples of four cultivars from several locations were analysed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for DON and ZEN and their modified forms deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G), the sum of 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3+15-AcDON), α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL, β-ZEL). DON and ZEN occurred with high incidences (100 and 96%) and a wide range of concentrations, reaching levels up to 10,972 and 3910 µg/kg, respectively. Almost half of the samples (46%) exceeded the guidance value in complementary and complete feeding stuffs for ZEN (500 µg/kg), and 9% for DON (5000 µg/kg). The DON related mycotoxins DON3G and 3+15-AcDON were also present in almost all samples (100 and 97%) with amounts of up to 3038 and 2237 µg/kg and a wide range of concentrations. For the ZEN metabolites α- and β-ZEL lower incidences were detected (59 and 32%) with concentrations of up to 423 and 203 µg/kg, respectively. Forage maize samples were contaminated with at least three co-occurring mycotoxins, whereby 95% of all samples contained four or more mycotoxins with DON, DON3G, 3+15-AcDON, and ZEN co-occurring in 93%, together with α-ZEL in 57% of all samples. Positive correlations were established between concentrations of the co-occurring mycotoxins, especially between DON and its modified forms. Averaged over all samples, ratios of DON3G/DON and 3+15-AcDON/DON were similar, 20.2 and 20.5 mol%; cultivar-specific mean ratios ranged from 14.6 to 24.3 mol% and 15.8 to 24.0 mol%, respectively. In total, 40.7 mol% of the measured DON concentration was present in the modified forms DON3G and 3+15-AcDON. The α-ZEL/ZEN ratio was 6.2 mol%, ranging from 5.2 to 8.6 mol% between cultivars. These results demonstrate that modified mycotoxins contribute substantially to the overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize. To avoid a considerable underestimation, it is necessary to analyse modified mycotoxins in future mycotoxin monitoring programs together with their parent forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Birr
- Department of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.J.); (J.-A.V.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-880-4574
| | - Tolke Jensen
- Department of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.J.); (J.-A.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Nils Preußke
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (N.P.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (N.P.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Mario Hasler
- Lehrfach Variationsstatistik, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Joseph-Alexander Verreet
- Department of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.J.); (J.-A.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Holger Klink
- Department of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.J.); (J.-A.V.); (H.K.)
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Jensen T, de Boevre M, Preußke N, de Saeger S, Birr T, Verreet JA, Sönnichsen FD. Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins in Complex Feed Matrices. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090531. [PMID: 31547434 PMCID: PMC6783880 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective and sensitive analysis of mycotoxins in highly complex feed matrices is a great challenge. In this study, the suitability of OrbitrapTM-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for routine mycotoxin analysis in complex feeds was demonstrated by the successful validation of a full MS/data-dependent MS/MS acquisition method for the quantitative determination of eight Fusarium mycotoxins in forage maize and maize silage according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The required resolving power for accurate mass assignments (<5 ppm) was determined as 35,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) and 70,000 FWHM for forage maize and maize silage, respectively. The recovery (RA), intra-day precision (RSDr), and inter-day precision (RSDR) of measurements were in the range of 94 to 108%, 2 to 16%, and 2 to 12%, whereas the decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) varied from 11 to 88 µg/kg and 20 to 141 µg/kg, respectively. A set of naturally contaminated forage maize and maize silage samples collected in northern Germany in 2017 was analyzed to confirm the applicability of the HRMS method to real samples. At least four Fusarium mycotoxins were quantified in each sample, highlighting the frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolke Jensen
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Marthe de Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nils Preußke
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sarah de Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tim Birr
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Joseph-Alexander Verreet
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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