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Su Y, Wei L, Wang L, Xu P, Mo M. Splicing mutations of GALC in adult patient with adult-onset Krabbe disease: case report and review of literature. Neurocase 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38762762 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2354541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is classed as the lysosomal storage disease with mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene, and commonly showed as autosomal recessive pattern with 30-kb deletion in infantile subtype. In this case, we report a 39-years adult-onset KD (AOKD) patient with multiple sclerosis-like symptoms and neuroimaging changes. She carries the heterozygous mutations in GALC included a missense mutation of c.1901T>C from her mother, and a splicing mutation of c.908+5G>A from her father. The splicing mutations in KD are reviewed and confirmed that c.908+5G>A is a novel splicing mutation in AOKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijian Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Herdt AR, Peng H, Dickson DW, Golde TE, Eckman EA, Lee CW. Brain Targeted AAV1-GALC Gene Therapy Reduces Psychosine and Extends Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1517. [PMID: 37628569 PMCID: PMC10454254 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a progressive and devasting neurological disorder that leads to the toxic accumulation of psychosine in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). The condition is inherited via biallelic, loss-of-function mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. To rescue GALC gene function in the CNS of the twitcher mouse model of KD, an adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector expressing murine GALC under control of a chicken β-actin promoter (AAV1-GALC) was administered to newborn mice by unilateral intracerebroventricular injection. AAV1-GALC treatment significantly improved body weight gain and survival of the twitcher mice (n = 8) when compared with untreated controls (n = 5). The maximum weight gain after postnatal day 10 was significantly increased from 81% to 217%. The median lifespan was extended from 43 days to 78 days (range: 74-88 days) in the AAV1-GALC-treated group. Widespread expression of GALC protein and alleviation of KD neuropathology were detected in the CNS of the treated mice when examined at the moribund stage. Functionally, elevated levels of psychosine were completely normalized in the forebrain region of the treated mice. In the posterior region, which includes the mid- and the hindbrain, psychosine was reduced by an average of 77% (range: 53-93%) compared to the controls. Notably, psychosine levels in this region were inversely correlated with body weight and lifespan of AAV1-GALC-treated mice, suggesting that the degree of viral transduction of posterior brain regions following ventricular injection determined treatment efficacy on growth and survivability, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that viral vector delivery via the cerebroventricular system can partially correct psychosine accumulation in brain that leads to slower disease progression in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee R. Herdt
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA (E.A.E.)
- MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA (E.A.E.)
- MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Eckman
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA (E.A.E.)
- MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Chris W. Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA (E.A.E.)
- MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
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Rebiai R, Rue E, Zaldua S, Nguyen D, Scesa G, Jastrzebski M, Foster R, Wang B, Jiang X, Tai L, Brady ST, van Breemen R, Givogri MI, Sands MS, Bongarzone ER. CRISPR-Cas9 Knock-In of T513M and G41S Mutations in the Murine β-Galactosyl-Ceramidase Gene Re-capitulates Early-Onset and Adult-Onset Forms of Krabbe Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:896314. [PMID: 35620447 PMCID: PMC9127972 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.896314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe Disease (KD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the genetic deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-galactosyl-ceramidase (GALC). Deficit or a reduction in the activity of the GALC enzyme has been correlated with the progressive accumulation of the sphingolipid metabolite psychosine, which leads to local disruption in lipid raft architecture, diffuse demyelination, astrogliosis, and globoid cell formation. The twitcher mouse, the most used animal model, has a nonsense mutation, which limits the study of how different mutations impact the processing and activity of GALC enzyme. To partially address this, we generated two new transgenic mouse models carrying point mutations frequently found in infantile and adult forms of KD. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, point mutations T513M (infantile) and G41S (adult) were introduced in the murine GALC gene and stable founders were generated. We show that GALC T513M/T513M mice are short lived, have the greatest decrease in GALC activity, have sharp increases of psychosine, and rapidly progress into a severe and lethal neurological phenotype. In contrast, GALC G41S/G41S mice have normal lifespan, modest decreases of GALC, and minimal psychosine accumulation, but develop adult mild inflammatory demyelination and slight declines in coordination, motor skills, and memory. These two novel transgenic lines offer the possibility to study the mechanisms by which two distinct GALC mutations affect the trafficking of mutated GALC and modify phenotypic manifestations in early- vs adult-onset KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Rebiai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily Rue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Steve Zaldua
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Giuseppe Scesa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Martin Jastrzebski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert Foster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Leon Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Scott T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard van Breemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Yang M, Jiang Z, Yao G, Wang Z, Sun J, Qin H, Zhao H. GALC Triggers Tumorigenicity of Colorectal Cancer via Senescent Fibroblasts. Front Oncol 2020; 10:380. [PMID: 32318333 PMCID: PMC7154132 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated senescent fibroblasts may play a crucial role in tumor progression, but the mechanism remains unclear. In order to solve this complicated problem, we randomly collected 16 patients with CRC, who had been treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed that the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) of CRC was affected by XELOX treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG) staining were used to verify a stable model of senescent fibroblasts. IHC analysis showed that high expression levels of galactosylceramidase (GALC) and significant senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβG) staining were associated with CRC patient survival. We observed that fibroblasts overexpressing GALC underwent cell cycle arrest. Changes in cell morphology and cell cycle characteristics were accompanied by the upregulation of the p16, p21, and p53 gene, and the downregulation of hTERT expression. In a co-culture system, fibroblasts overexpressing GALC significantly increased the proliferation of CRC cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that GALC overexpression fibroblasts co-cultured with CRC caused changes in CRC cell morphology. The aging fibroblast co-culture group (70%) had a higher migration ability. In vivo experiments and transcriptomics analysis were performed to verify the effect of senescent fibroblasts on tumor formation and to identify the potential mechanisms for the above results. We found that a high expression of ATF3 was related to good survival rates. However, a high expression of KIAA0907 was bad for survival rates (p < 0.05). The knockdown of ATF3 can promote cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenic assays, while downregulation of KIAA0907 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenic assays. The results demonstrate that senescent fibroblasts with a high level of GALC regulated several aspects of the tumor growth process, including migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yang
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated With Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Pannuzzo G, Graziano ACE, Avola R, Drago F, Cardile V. Screening for Krabbe disease: The first 2 years' experience. Acta Neurol Scand 2019; 140:359-365. [PMID: 31350907 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globoid cell leukodystrophy or Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in galactosylceramidase (GALC) which hydrolyses galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). The accumulation of psychosine results in the apoptosis of myelin-forming cells. The goals of this research were to identify the heterozygous carriers of Krabbe disease in Sicily (Italy), to prevent the birth of foetuses affected by this disease, and eventually in the presence of positive embryos to direct them towards a treatment before symptoms occur when it is too late to receive a useful therapy. METHODS Since more than 100 mutations have been reported as a cause of Krabbe disease, we started to screen relatives of the affected patients, whose mutation was known. We used a fast, sensitive and painless assay extracting genomic DNA from buccal swabs. The genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed to identify the carriers of the selected mutations. RESULTS In the last 2 years, we conducted the analysis of almost 100 subjects and individuated 40 heterozygotes carriers of Krabbe disease. One of the women examined was pregnant. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge obtained from our investigations provided and will provide notable practical benefit to families in which the disease is manifested and to researchers who deal with this rare pathology. Finally, the results of our study will be useful to know the real incidence of Krabbe disease in a large territory where it is particularly present and to start a Krabbe's register, which at present does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Section of Physiology Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Avola
- Section of Physiology Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Section of Pharmacology Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Section of Physiology Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy
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Li Y, Xu Y, Benitez BA, Nagree MS, Dearborn JT, Jiang X, Guzman MA, Woloszynek JC, Giaramita A, Yip BK, Elsbernd J, Babcock MC, Lo M, Fowler SC, Wozniak DF, Vogler CA, Medin JA, Crawford BE, Sands MS. Genetic ablation of acid ceramidase in Krabbe disease confirms the psychosine hypothesis and identifies a new therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20097-20103. [PMID: 31527255 PMCID: PMC6778236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease) is a fatal demyelinating disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). GALC deficiency leads to the accumulation of the cytotoxic glycolipid, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). Complementary evidence suggested that psychosine is synthesized via an anabolic pathway. Here, we show instead that psychosine is generated catabolically through the deacylation of galactosylceramide by acid ceramidase (ACDase). This reaction uncouples GALC deficiency from psychosine accumulation, allowing us to test the long-standing "psychosine hypothesis." We demonstrate that genetic loss of ACDase activity (Farber disease) in the GALC-deficient mouse model of human GLD (twitcher) eliminates psychosine accumulation and cures GLD. These data suggest that ACDase could be a target for substrate reduction therapy (SRT) in Krabbe patients. We show that pharmacological inhibition of ACDase activity with carmofur significantly decreases psychosine accumulation in cells from a Krabbe patient and prolongs the life span of the twitcher (Twi) mouse. Previous SRT experiments in the Twi mouse utilized l-cycloserine, which inhibits an enzyme several steps upstream of psychosine synthesis, thus altering the balance of other important lipids. Drugs that directly inhibit ACDase may have a more acceptable safety profile due to their mechanistic proximity to psychosine biogenesis. In total, these data clarify our understanding of psychosine synthesis, confirm the long-held psychosine hypothesis, and provide the impetus to discover safe and effective inhibitors of ACDase to treat Krabbe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedda Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Murtaza S Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Joshua T Dearborn
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Miguel A Guzman
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Josh C Woloszynek
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Alex Giaramita
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Bryan K Yip
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Joseph Elsbernd
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Michael C Babcock
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Melanie Lo
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Stephen C Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Carole A Vogler
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Brett E Crawford
- Department of Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Pan X, Sands SA, Yue Y, Zhang K, LeVine SM, Duan D. An Engineered Galactosylceramidase Construct Improves AAV Gene Therapy for Krabbe Disease in Twitcher Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1039-1051. [PMID: 31184217 PMCID: PMC6761594 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase gene. In the infantile form, patients die before 3 years of age. Systemic adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) gene therapy was recently shown to reverse the disease course in human patients in another lethal infantile neurodegenerative disease. To explore AAV9 therapy for Krabbe disease, we engineered a codon-optimized AAV9 galactosylceramidase vector. We further incorporated features to allow AAV9-derived galactosylceramidase to more efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier and be secreted from transduced cells. We tested the optimized vector by a single systemic injection in the twitcher mouse, an authentic Krabbe disease model. Untreated twitcher mice showed characteristic neuropathology and motion defects. They died prematurely with a median life span of 41 days. Intravenous injection in 2-day-old twitcher mice reduced central and peripheral neuropathology and significantly improved the gait pattern and body weight. Noticeably, the median life span was extended to 150 days. Intraperitoneal injection in 6- to 12-day-old twitcher mice also significantly improved the motor function, body weight, and median life span (to 104 days). Our results far exceed the ≤70 days median life span seen in all reported stand-alone systemic AAV therapies. Our study highlights the importance of vector engineering for Krabbe disease gene therapy. The engineered vector warrants further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott A. Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven M. LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Marshall MS, Issa Y, Jakubauskas B, Stoskute M, Elackattu V, Marshall JN, Bogue W, Nguyen D, Hauck Z, Rue E, Karumuthil-Melethil S, Zaric V, Bosland M, van Breemen RB, Givogri MI, Gray SJ, Crocker SJ, Bongarzone ER. Long-Term Improvement of Neurological Signs and Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Krabbe's Disease after Global Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:874-889. [PMID: 29433937 PMCID: PMC5910889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a global adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-based gene therapy protocol to deliver therapeutic galactosylceramidase (GALC), a lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in Krabbe's disease. When globally administered via intrathecal, intracranial, and intravenous injections to newborn mice affected with GALC deficiency (twitcher mice), this approach largely surpassed prior published benchmarks of survival and metabolic correction, showing long-term protection of demyelination, neuroinflammation, and motor function. Bone marrow transplantation, performed in this protocol without immunosuppressive preconditioning, added minimal benefits to the AAV9 gene therapy. Contrasting with other proposed pre-clinical therapies, these results demonstrate that achieving nearly complete correction of GALC's metabolic deficiencies across the entire nervous system via gene therapy can have a significant improvement to behavioral deficits, pathophysiological changes, and survival. These results are an important consideration for determining the safest and most effective manner for adapting gene therapy to treat this leukodystrophy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yazan Issa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benas Jakubauskas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monika Stoskute
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vince Elackattu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wil Bogue
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zane Hauck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Rue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Violeta Zaric
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Del Grosso A, Antonini S, Angella L, Tonazzini I, Signore G, Cecchini M. Lithium improves cell viability in psychosine-treated MO3.13 human oligodendrocyte cell line via autophagy activation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1246-60. [PMID: 27638607 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare, rapidly progressing childhood leukodystrophy triggered by deficit of the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC) and characterized by the accumulation of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine; PSY) in the nervous system. PSY is a cytotoxic sphingolipid, which leads to widespread degeneration of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, causing demyelination. Here we report on autophagy in the human oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13 treated with PSY and exploitation of Li as an autophagy modulator to rescue cell viability. We demonstrate that PSY causes upregulation of the autophagic flux at the level of autophagosome and autolysosome formation and LC3-II expression. We show that pretreatment with Li, a drug clinically used to treat bipolar disorders, can further stimulate autophagy, improving cell tolerance to PSY. This Li protective effect is found not to be linked to reduction of PSY-induced oxidative stress and might not stem from a reduction of PSY accumulation. These data provide novel information on the intracellular pathways activated during PSY-induced toxicity and suggest the autophagy pathway as a promising novel therapeutic target for ameliorating the GLD phenotype. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Del Grosso
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy. .,NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
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Sands SA, LeVine SM. Substrate reduction therapy for Krabbe's disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1261-72. [PMID: 27638608 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe's disease (KD) is a lysosomal storage disorder in which galactosylceramide, a major glycosphingolipid of myelin, and psychosine (galactose-sphingosine) cannot be adequately metabolized because of a deficiency in galactosylceramidase. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) has been tested in preclinical studies. The premise of SRT is to reduce the synthesis of substrates that are not adequately digested so that the substrate burden is lowered, resulting in less accumulation of unmetabolized material. SRT is used for Gaucher's disease, in which inhibitors of the terminal biosynthetic step are used. Unfortunately, an inhibitor for the final step of galactosylceramide biosynthesis, i.e., UDP glycosyltransferase 8 (a.k.a. UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase), has not been found. Approaches that inhibit an earlier biosynthetic step or that lessen the substrate burden by other means, such as genetic manipulations, have been tested in the twitcher mouse model of KD. Either as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with other approaches, SRT slowed the disease course, indicating that this approach has potential therapeutic value. For instance, in individuals with adult-onset disease, SRT theoretically could lessen the production of substrates so that residual enzymatic activity could adequately manage the lower substrate burden. In more severe forms of disease, SRT theoretically could be part of a combination therapy. However, SRT has the potential to impair normal function by reducing the synthesis of galactosylceramide to levels that impede myelin function, or SRT could have other deleterious effects. Thus, multiple issues need to be resolved before this approach is ready for testing in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease) is due to autosomal recessive mutations in the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). Many GLD patients develop infantile-onset of progressive neurologic deterioration and death by 2 years of age, whereas others have a later-onset, milder disease. Cord blood transplant slows disease progression much more effectively when performed presymptomatically, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. Current diagnosis is based on reduced GALC activity, DNA sequence, and clinical examination. However, presymptomatic diagnosis is hampered by imperfect genotype-GALC activity-phenotype correlations. In addition, three polymorphisms in the GALC gene are variably associated with disease mutations and have unknown effects on GALC activity and disease outcome. Here, we study mutations that cause infantile or later-onset GLD, and show that GALC activity is significantly lower in infantile versus later-onset mutants when measured in the lysosomal fraction, but not in whole-cell lysates. In parallel, infantile-onset mutant GALCs showed reduced trafficking to lysosomes and processing than later-onset mutant GALCs. Finally, the cis-polymorphisms also affected trafficking to the lysosome and processing of GALC. These differences potentially explain why the activity of different mutations appears similar in whole-cell extracts from lymphocytes, and suggest that measure of GALC activity in lysosomes may better predict the onset and severity of disease for a given GLD genotype. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease) is diagnosed by measuring galactosylceramidase (GALC) activity and DNA analysis. However, genotype and phenotype often do not correlate due to considerable clinical variability, even for the same mutation, for unknown reasons. We find that altered trafficking to the lysosome and processing of GALC correlates with GLD severity and is modulated by cis-polymorphisms. Current diagnosis of GLD is based on GALC activity of total cell lysates from blood, which does not discriminate whether the activity comes from the lysosome or other subcellular organelles. Measurement of GALC activity in lysosomes may predict which infants are at high risk for the infantile phenotype while distinguishing other children who will develop later-onset phenotypes without onset of symptoms for years.
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Reddy AS, Wozniak DF, Farber NB, Dearborn JT, Fowler SC, Sands MS. Bone Marrow Transplantation Alters the Tremor Phenotype in the Murine Model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy. J Clin Med 2015; 1:1-14. [PMID: 24013457 PMCID: PMC3765017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremor is a prominent phenotype of the twitcher mouse, an authentic genetic model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe’s disease). In the current study, the tremor was quantified using a force-plate actometer designed to accommodate low-weight mice. The actometer records the force oscillations caused by a mouse’s movements, and the rhythmic structure of the force variations can be revealed. Results showed that twitcher mice had significantly increased power across a broad band of higher frequencies compared to wildtype mice. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only available therapy for GLD, worsened the tremor in the twitcher mice and induced a measureable alteration of movement phenotype in the wildtype mice. These data highlight the damaging effects of conditioning radiation and BMT in the neonatal period. The behavioral methodology used herein provides a quantitative approach for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions for Krabbe’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh S. Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campus box 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mail:
| | - David F. Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mails: (D.F.W.); (N.B.F.); (J.T.D.)
| | - Nuri B. Farber
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mails: (D.F.W.); (N.B.F.); (J.T.D.)
| | - Joshua T. Dearborn
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mails: (D.F.W.); (N.B.F.); (J.T.D.)
| | - Stephen C. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.C.F.); (M.S.S.); Tel.: +1-785-864-0715 (S.C.F.); Fax: +1-785-864-5219 (S.C.F.); Tel.: +1-314-362-5496 (M.S.S.); Fax: +1-314-362-9333 (M.S.S.)
| | - Mark S. Sands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campus box 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.C.F.); (M.S.S.); Tel.: +1-785-864-0715 (S.C.F.); Fax: +1-785-864-5219 (S.C.F.); Tel.: +1-314-362-5496 (M.S.S.); Fax: +1-314-362-9333 (M.S.S.)
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Castilha-Neto D, Monteiro LF, Peruchi MM, Filho JM, Scarlatelli-Lima AV, Lin J. Optic nerve enlargement in infantile form of Krabbe disease. Clin Pract 2012; 2:e81. [PMID: 24765480 PMCID: PMC3981200 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2012.e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by dysfunctional galactosylceramidase activity. Infantile form is the most common subtype, occurring at about 6-month of age. We present a rare case of infantile KD with magnetic resonance imaging showing white matter, thalamic and basal ganglia lesions rarely associated with an enlargement of the optic nerves bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Castilha-Neto
- Department of Biology, Health and Social Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL)
| | | | | | - João Moreno Filho
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Lin
- Department of Biology, Health and Social Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL)
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Taniike M, Mohri I, Eguchi N, Beuckmann CT, Suzuki K, Urade Y. Perineuronal oligodendrocytes protect against neuronal apoptosis through the production of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in a genetic demyelinating model. J Neurosci 2002; 22:4885-96. [PMID: 12077186 PMCID: PMC6757748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic demyelinating mouse "twitcher" is a model of the human globoid cell leukodystrophy, caused by galactosylceramidase (GALC) deficiency. Demyelination in the twitcher brain is secondary to apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes (OLs). Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS), a protein expressed in mature OLs, was progressively upregulated in twitcher OLs; whereas expression of OL-associated proteins such as carbonic anhydrase II, myelin basic protein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein was downregulated during demyelination in twitcher brains. The upregulation of L-PGDS was more remarkable in perineuronal OLs than in interfascicular OLs. A larger number of L-PGDS-positive OLs was found in selected fiber tracts of twitcher brains where fewer apoptotic cells were detected. The distribution of L-PGDS-positive OLs was inversely related to the severity of demyelination, as assessed by accumulation of scavenger macrophages. Mice doubly deficient for L-PGDS and GALC disclosed a large number of apoptotic neurons, which were never seen in twitcher brains, in addition to an increased number of apoptotic OLs. A linear positive correlation was observed between the population of L-PGDS-positive OLs in the twitcher brain and the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in the double mutant versus those in the twitcher, suggesting a dose-dependent effect of L-PGDS against apoptosis. These lines of evidence suggest that L-PGDS is an anti-apoptotic molecule protecting neurons and OLs from apoptosis in the twitcher mouse. This is a novel example of OL-neuronal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Taniike
- Department of Developmental Medicine (Pediatrics), D-5 Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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