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David LS, Nalle CL, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:619. [PMID: 38396587 PMCID: PMC10886283 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Catootjie L. Nalle
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Animal Husbandry Department, Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang, Prof. Herman Yohannes St., Lasiana, Kupang 85228, NTT, Indonesia
| | - M. Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
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2
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Lestingi A. Alternative and Sustainable Protein Sources in Pig Diet: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:310. [PMID: 38275770 PMCID: PMC10812645 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative protein sources to soybean meal (SBM) in animal feeding is a strategic objective to reduce production costs and contribute to sustainable animal production. Spirulina, due to the high protein content, has emerged as a potential cost-effective, sustainable, viable, and high-nutritional-value food resource for many animal species. Insect larvae (Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens) are also considered potential alternatives to SBM, given their high edible percentage of almost 100%, as well as a protein value higher than that of vegetable proteins. Rapeseed meal and grain legumes, such as fava beans, peas, lupins, and chickpea, can also be used as locally producible protein ingredients. This study reviews the nutritional value of these potential alternatives to SBM in pig diets, and their effects on animal performance, digestion, immune system, and the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of meat, including processed pork products. The limits on their use in pig feeding are also reviewed to indicate gaps to be filled in future research on the supplementation level of these potential alternative protein sources in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lestingi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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3
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Kousta A, Katsis C, Tsekoura A, Chachalis D. Effectiveness and Selectivity of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Control in Grain Legumes. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 38256764 PMCID: PMC10818810 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Grain legumes represent important crops for livestock feed and contribute to novel uses in the food industry; therefore, the best cultivation practices need to be assessed. This study aimed to identify herbicides to meet the current need for controlling broadleaf weeds without phytotoxicity in the grain legume crop per se. Field experiments were undertaken during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates as follows: four grain legume crops (vetch, pea, faba bean, and white lupine) and nine pre-emergence (PRE) or post-emergence selective (POST) herbicide treatments (PRE: aclonifen, pendimethalin plus clomazone, metribuzin plus clomazone, benfluralin, terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin, S-metolachlor plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin; POST: pyridate, imazamox) alongside weedy check plots. Plant phytotoxicity, crop dry matter, yield features, weed presence, and weed dry matter were assessed during the experiments. There was differential efficacy among the nine herbicide treatments; the weed control was more effective in the case of Veronica arvensis L. and Sonchus spp. L. compared with Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Silibum marianum L. regardless of the herbicide treatment. The most effective PRE herbicide was flumioxazin, which had the greatest control over the majority of weeds (>70%) resulting in the lowest total weed biomass. The second-best treatment was benfluralin and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin (both had only limited control in S. arvensis). The best POST herbicide was imazamox, with only limited control in S. arvensis. The tested herbicides caused low to medium and transient levels of phytotoxicity mainly in vetch and secondly in peas but not in faba beans and lupines. Concerning all weed management treatments, benfluralin resulted in the highest grain yields for all four grain legume crops during both growing seasons. Among grain legumes, vetch had the highest competitive ability against weeds, whereas peas were the least tolerant against weed competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Kousta
- Laboratory of Weed Science, Department of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifisia, Greece; (A.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Christos Katsis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Tsekoura
- Laboratory of Weed Science, Department of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifisia, Greece; (A.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Dimosthenis Chachalis
- Laboratory of Weed Science, Department of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifisia, Greece; (A.T.); (D.C.)
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Sinclair TR, Ghanem ME. Realistic Physiological Options to Increase Grain Legume Yield under Drought. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3137. [PMID: 37687383 PMCID: PMC10490141 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing yield resiliency under water deficits remains a high priority for crop improvement. In considering the yield benefit of a plant trait modification, two facts are often overlooked: (1) the total amount of water available to a crop through a growing season ultimately constrains growth and yield cannot exceed what is possible with the limited amount of available water, and (2) soil water content always changes over time, so plant response needs to be considered within a temporally dynamic context of day-to-day variation in soil water status. Many previous evaluations of drought traits have implicitly considered water deficit from a "static" perspective, but while the static approach of stable water deficit treatments is experimentally congruous, the results are not realistic representations of real-world drought conditions, where soil water levels are always changing. No trait always results in a positive response under all drought scenarios. In this paper, we suggest two key traits for improving grain legume yield under water deficit conditions: (1) partial stomata closure at elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit that results in soil water conservation, and (2) lessening of the high sensitivity of nitrogen fixation activity to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Sinclair
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Michel E. Ghanem
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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5
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De Ron AM, Sparvoli F, Bazile D, Rodiño AP. Editorial: Protein crops: food and feed for the future, volume II. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1271749. [PMID: 37701807 PMCID: PMC10494535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. De Ron
- Biology of Agrosystems, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IABB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, Montpellier, France
- UMR SENS, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A. Paula Rodiño
- Biology of Agrosystems, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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Abbas A, Ali A, Hussain A, Ali A, Alrefaei AF, Naqvi SAH, Rao MJ, Mubeen I, Farooq T, Ölmez F, Baloch FS. Assessment of Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Relationships of Rhizoctonia solani Inherent in Legume Crops. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2515. [PMID: 37447079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most common soil-borne fungal pathogens of legume crops worldwide. We collected rDNA-ITS sequences from NCBI GenBank, and the aim of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of various R. solani anastomosis groups (AGs) that are commonly associated with grain legumes (such as soybean, common bean, pea, peanut, cowpea, and chickpea) and forage legumes (including alfalfa and clover). Soybean is recognized as a host for multiple AGs, with AG-1 and AG-2 being extensively investigated. This is evidenced by the higher representation of sequences associated with these AGs in the NCBI GenBank. Other AGs documented in soybean include AG-4, AG-7, AG-11, AG-5, AG-6, and AG-9. Moreover, AG-4 has been extensively studied concerning its occurrence in chickpea, pea, peanut, and alfalfa. Research on the common bean has been primarily focused on AG-2, AG-4, and AG-1. Similarly, AG-1 has been the subject of extensive investigation in clover and cowpea. Collectively, AG-1, AG-2, and AG-4 have consistently been identified and studied across these diverse legume crops. The phylogenetic analysis of R. solani isolates across different legumes indicates that the distinct clades or subclades formed by the isolates correspond to their specific anastomosis groups (AGs) and subgroups, rather than being determined by their host legume crop. Additionally, there is a high degree of sequence similarity among isolates within the same clade or subclade. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further supports this finding, as isolates belonging to the same AGs and/or subgroups cluster together, irrespective of their host legume. Therefore, the observed clustering of R. solani AGs and subgroups without a direct association with the host legume crop provides additional support for the concept of AGs in understanding the genetic relationships and evolution of R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqleem Abbas
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Iqra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fatih Ölmez
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
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7
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Jones RAC. Host Resistance to Virus Diseases Provides a Key Enabler towards Fast Tracking Gains in Grain Lupin Breeding. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2521. [PMID: 37447082 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Four lupin species, Lupinus angustifolius, L. albus, L. luteus, and L. mutabilis, are grown as cool-season grain legume crops. Fifteen viruses infect them. Two of these, bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cause diseases that threaten grain lupin production. Phytosanitary and cultural control measures are mainly used to manage them. However, breeding virus-resistant lupin cultivars provides an additional management approach. The need to develop this approach stimulated a search for virus resistance sources amongst cultivated lupin species and their wild relatives. This review focuses on the progress made in optimizing virus resistance screening procedures, identifying host resistances to BYMV, CMV, and additional viral pathogen alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and the inclusion of BYMV and CMV resistance within lupin breeding programs. The resistance types found in different combinations of virus and grain lupin species include localized hypersensitivity, systemic hypersensitivity, extreme resistance, and partial resistance to aphid or seed transmission. These resistances provide a key enabler towards fast tracking gains in grain lupin breeding. Where studied, their inheritance depended upon single dominant genes or was polygenic. Although transgenic virus resistance was incorporated into L. angustifolius and L. luteus successfully, it proved unstable. Priorities for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A C Jones
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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8
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Ferreira H, Vasconcelos M, Gil AM, Oliveira B, Varandas E, Vilela E, Say K, Silveira J, Pinto E. Impact of a daily legume-based meal on dietary and nutritional intake in a group of omnivorous adults. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:190-202. [PMID: 37070278 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Adopting eco-friendly diets will demand the consumption of more plant-based protein food sources such as legumes. However, assessing the impact of such a dietary shift on the dietary and nutritional intake of traditionally omnivorous populations is needed. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of substituting a traditional omnivorous-based lunch for a vegetarian, legume-based meal on the daily dietary and nutritional intake in a group of omnivorous adults in the city of Porto, Portugal. Nineteen, non-vegetarian, healthy young adults consumed a vegetarian, legume-based meal from Monday to Friday, for 8 consecutive weeks. Socio-demographic data, health status, lifestyle-related information and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Three-day food records were used to collect food intake at baseline and week 8. European Food Safety Authority and World Health Organization reference values were used to assess nutritional inadequacies. Variables were described as medians (P25 and P75 ). Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical comparisons. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Participants consumed 38.0 (P25 = 35.0; P75 = 40.0) meals, resulting in an intake of 84.5 g (P25 = 74.9; P75 = 98.4) of cooked legumes per meal, meaning 11 subjects (57.9%) met the Portuguese guidelines for legume consumption (≥80 g/day of legumes). The current dietary intervention did not seem to aggravate the prevalence of nutritional inadequacies for the macro- and micronutrients tested, except for the case of vitamin B12 (52.6% [95% CI: 28.9-75.6] vs. 78.9% [95% CI: 54.4-94.0]). This could be linked to the reduction of dietary sources of this vitamin which is an expected consequence of vegetarian meals. Dietary changes towards grain legume-based diets are desirable yet need to be carefully implemented to prevent exacerbating potential nutrient inadequacies, especially of vitamin B12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Kimhuong Say
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Silveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Pinto
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Kapazoglou A, Gerakari M, Lazaridi E, Kleftogianni K, Sarri E, Tani E, Bebeli PJ. Crop Wild Relatives: A Valuable Source of Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12020328. [PMID: 36679041 PMCID: PMC9861506 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, production, and sustainability worldwide. Moreover, breeding efforts in the past years have focused on improving certain favorable crop traits, leading to genetic bottlenecks. The use of crop wild relatives (CWRs) to expand genetic diversity and improve crop adaptability seems to be a promising and sustainable approach for crop improvement in the context of the ongoing climate challenges. In this review, we present the progress that has been achieved towards CWRs exploitation for enhanced resilience against major abiotic stressors (e.g., water deficiency, increased salinity, and extreme temperatures) in crops of high nutritional and economic value, such as tomato, legumes, and several woody perennial crops. The advances in -omics technologies have facilitated the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that may underlie abiotic stress tolerance. Comparative analyses of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) data between crops and their wild relative counterparts have unraveled important information with respect to the molecular basis of tolerance to abiotic stressors. These studies have uncovered genomic regions, specific stress-responsive genes, gene networks, and biochemical pathways associated with resilience to adverse conditions, such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity, and provide useful tools for the development of molecular markers to be used in breeding programs. CWRs constitute a highly valuable resource of genetic diversity, and by exploiting the full potential of this extended allele pool, new traits conferring abiotic-stress tolerance may be introgressed into cultivated varieties leading to superior and resilient genotypes. Future breeding programs may greatly benefit from CWRs utilization for overcoming crop production challenges arising from extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Department of Vitis, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra (ELGO-Dimitra), Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi, 14123 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Lazaridi
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kleftogianni
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Efi Sarri
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope J. Bebeli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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10
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Šišić A, Baćanović-Šišić J, Schmidt H, Finckh MR. Farming system effects on root rot pathogen complex and yield of faba bean ( vicia faba) in Germany. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1009906. [PMID: 36618659 PMCID: PMC9811268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A survey across Germany was undertaken from 2016-2019 to evaluate effects of management system (organic vs conventional), pedo-climatic conditions and crop rotation history on faba bean root health status, diversity of major root rot pathogens and yield. Root rot incidence was generally low and there was no effect of the management system on the spectrum of pathogens isolated. Among the most common fungal species identified, frequencies of Fusarium redolens and Didymella pinodella were significantly higher in roots from organic fields compared with conventional and lower was observed for F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum and F. culmorum. Faba bean roots were colonized at similar rates by F. equiseti and the members of the F. oxysporum (FOSC) and F. solani (FSSC) species complexes in both management systems. Almost no legumes had been grown in the 5-11 years preceding the conventional faba beans surveyed while legumes had almost always been present during this period in the organic fields. This difference in rotational histories between the farming systems led to apparent cropping systems effects on the isolation frequencies of several species. For example, D. pinodella was ubiquitous in organic fields with a high frequency of legumes in the rotations but much rarer and often absent in conventional fields. Pedo-climatic conditions, particularly cool conditions at sowing and plant emergence and/or during the vegetative season favored most of the most prevalent Fusarium species identified in this study. In organic systems, yields correlated negatively with D. pinodella and F. redolens frequencies whereas higher levels of F. tricintum in faba bean roots had a positive correlation with yield. In conventional systems, faba bean yields depended more on the total precipitation before sowing and during the main growing season but were also negatively correlated with the frequencies of FOSC and F. culmorum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the TEF1 alpha locus indicated that the FSSC isolates mainly belonged to the F. pisi lineage. In contrast, the FOSC isolates were placed in 9 different lineages, with a conspicuous dominance of F. libertatis that has until now not been associated with any leguminous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Šišić
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Jelena Baćanović-Šišić
- Section of Organic Plant Breeding and Agrobiodiversity, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Harald Schmidt
- Foundation Ecology & Agriculture (SOEL), Ahrweiler, Germany
| | - Maria R. Finckh
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
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11
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Muktadir MA, Merchant A, Sadeque A, Tanveer M, Adhikari KN, Huang L. Carbon isotope and soluble metabolites reflect physiological status among contrasting faba bean genotypes in response to water deficit. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:955406. [PMID: 36186012 PMCID: PMC9523585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification and validation of biomarkers and bioindicators to select genotypes with superior tolerance to water deficit (WD) under field conditions are paramount to plant breeding programs. However, the co-occurrence of different abiotic stresses such as WD, heat, and radiation makes it difficult to develop generalized protocols to monitor the physiological health of the plant system. The study assessed the most abundant carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in five faba bean (Vicia faba) genotypes under field conditions and the abundance of naturally occurring carbon isotopes in bulk leaf material to predict water use efficiency (WUE). Plant water status and biomass accumulation were also assessed. Among the accumulated sugars, inter-specific variation in glucose was most prevalent and was found at a higher concentration (8.52 mg g-1 leaf) in rainfed trial. myo-Inositol concentrations followed that of glucose accumulation in that the rainfed trial had higher amounts compared to the irrigated trial. WUE calculated from carbon isotope abundance was consistently offset with measured WUE from measurements of leaf gas exchange. All genotypes demonstrated significant relationships between predicted and measured WUE (p < 0.05) apart from control variety PBA Warda. Thus, bulk leaf-level carbon isotope abundance can be used to calculate WUE and used as an effective selection criterion for improving WUE in faba bean breeding programs under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Muktadir
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew Merchant
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdus Sadeque
- Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kedar Nath Adhikari
- Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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12
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Martin A, Schmidt V, Osen R, Bez J, Ortner E, Mittermaier S. Texture, sensory properties and functionality of extruded snacks from pulses and pseudocereal proteins. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5011-5021. [PMID: 33349965 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein-rich fractions of pulses and pseudocereals exhibit a well-balanced amino acid profile, particularly when combined in different portions, and are therefore high-value ingredients for the production of extruded snacks. However, the impact of a combination of pulses and pseudocereals on the physical and sensory qualities of extruded snacks has not been investigated up to now. Native or preconditioned protein isolates and concentrates from pulses - as single ingredients or in combination with protein-rich flours of pseudocereals - were analyzed regarding their thermal and functional properties in relation to extrusion characteristics. Low moisture extrusion cooking was used to investigate the impact of protein source (lentil, lupin, faba bean), pseudocereal source (quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat) and protein content (30%, 50%, 70%) on sectional expansion, specific hardness, density and sensory properties of the snacks. RESULTS With increasing protein content from 30% to 50%, the sectional expansion decreased and the density and specific hardness of the extrudates increased, which could be counteracted by preconditioning of the protein-rich ingredients. Lupin protein-based extrudates exhibited satisfactory texture and sensory properties. Extruded mixtures of pulses and pseudocereals (70% protein) exhibited a smaller sectional expansion compared to pulses as single ingredients (30%, 50%), regardless of pseudocereal type. However, the texture and sensory properties of the extruded blends were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that protein-rich fractions of pulses and pseudocereals can be processed into expanded snacks with favorable texture and nutritional properties such as increased protein contents (70%) and balanced amino acid profiles. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martin
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Schmidt
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Raffael Osen
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bez
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Ortner
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mittermaier
- Department Food Process Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
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13
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Piedra-García D, Struck C. Lupin Root Weevils ( Charagmus spp., Curculionidae: Sitonini), a Lupin Pest: A Review of Their Distribution, Biology, and Challenges in Integrated Pest Management. Insects 2021; 12:insects12100950. [PMID: 34680719 PMCID: PMC8540778 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are an ancient yet important legume crop. In Europe, the protein-rich seeds serve as livestock feed and have the potential to be a healthy vegetarian component of human diets. In some regions in north-eastern Europe, lupins are heavily damaged by two Curculionidae species, the lupin root weevils (LRWs) Charagmus gressorius (syn. Sitona gressorius) and Ch. griseus (syn. S. griseus). Narrow-leaved lupins (L. angustifolius) and white lupins (L. albus) are most affected. The weevils feed on lupin leaves, whereas their larvae feed on root nodules. Therefore, the larvae cause major root damage by creating lacerations that allow soil-borne plant pathogens to enter the plant tissue. These infestations lead to considerable yield losses and markedly reduced N-fixation of the root nodules. This review summarises the current knowledge on the origin, geographical distribution, and biology of these rarely described weevils. It focuses on management strategies, including preconceived insecticide use and potential ecological management methods, as key components of an integrated pest management programme against LRWs in Europe.
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14
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Wille L, Kurmann M, Messmer MM, Studer B, Hohmann P. Untangling the Pea Root Rot Complex Reveals Microbial Markers for Plant Health. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:737820. [PMID: 34712258 PMCID: PMC8545811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant health is recognised as a key element to ensure global food security. While plant breeding has substantially improved crop resistance against individual pathogens, it showed limited success for diseases caused by the interaction of multiple pathogens such as root rot in pea (Pisum sativum L.). To untangle the causal agents of the pea root rot complex and determine the role of the plant genotype in shaping its own detrimental or beneficial microbiome, fungal and oomycete root rot pathogens, as well as previously identified beneficials, i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Clonostachys rosea, were qPCR quantified in diseased roots of eight differently resistant pea genotypes grown in four agricultural soils under controlled conditions. We found that soil and pea genotype significantly determined the microbial compositions in diseased pea roots. Despite significant genotype x soil interactions and distinct soil-dependent pathogen complexes, our data revealed key microbial taxa that were associated with plant fitness. Our study indicates the potential of fungal and oomycete markers for plant health and serves as a precedent for other complex plant pathosystems. Such microbial markers can be used to complement plant phenotype- and genotype-based selection strategies to improve disease resistance in one of the world's most important pulse crops of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wille
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kurmann
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika M. Messmer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hohmann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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15
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Chatzivassiliou EK. An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071413. [PMID: 34371616 PMCID: PMC8309371 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legumes, one of the most important sources of human food and animal feed, are known to be susceptible to a plethora of plant viruses. Many of these viruses cause diseases which severely impact legume production worldwide. The causal agents of some important virus-like diseases remain unknown. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify many new viruses in various crops, including legumes. This review aims to present an updated list of legume-infecting viruses. Until 2020, a total of 168 plant viruses belonging to 39 genera and 16 families, officially recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), were reported to naturally infect common bean, cowpea, chickpea, faba-bean, groundnut, lentil, peas, alfalfa, clovers, and/or annual medics. Several novel legume viruses are still pending approval by ICTV. The epidemiology of many of the legume viruses are of specific interest due to their seed-transmission and their dynamic spread by insect-vectors. In this review, major aspects of legume virus epidemiology and integrated control approaches are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet K Chatzivassiliou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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16
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Swarnalakshmi K, Yadav V, Tyagi D, Dhar DW, Kannepalli A, Kumar S. Significance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Grain Legumes: Growth Promotion and Crop Production. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9111596. [PMID: 33213067 PMCID: PMC7698556 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are an important component of sustainable agri-food systems. They establish symbiotic association with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Several other free-living microbial communities (PGPR—plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) residing in the soil-root interface are also known to influence biogeochemical cycles and improve legume productivity. The growth and function of these microorganisms are affected by root exudate molecules secreted in the rhizosphere region. PGPRs produce the chemicals which stimulate growth and functions of leguminous crops at different growth stages. They promote plant growth by nitrogen fixation, solubilization as well as mineralization of phosphorus, and production of phytohormone(s). The co-inoculation of PGPRs along with rhizobia has shown to enhance nodulation and symbiotic interaction. The recent molecular tools are helpful to understand and predict the establishment and function of PGPRs and plant response. In this review, we provide an overview of various growth promoting mechanisms of PGPR inoculations in the production of leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deepti Tyagi
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dolly Wattal Dhar
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Annapurna Kannepalli
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco
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17
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Couchoud M, Salon C, Girodet S, Jeudy C, Vernoud V, Prudent M. Pea Efficiency of Post-drought Recovery Relies on the Strategy to Fine-Tune Nitrogen Nutrition. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32174946 PMCID: PMC7056749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As drought is increasingly frequent in the context of climate change it is a major constraint for crop growth and yield. The ability of plants to maintain their yield in response to drought depends not only on their ability to tolerate drought, but also on their capacity to subsequently recover. Post-stress recovery can indeed be decisive for drought resilience and yield stability. Pea (Pisum sativum), as a legume, has the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through its symbiotic interaction with soil bacteria within root nodules. Biological nitrogen fixation is highly sensitive to drought which can impact plant nitrogen nutrition and growth. Our study aimed at dynamically evaluating whether the control of plant N status after drought could affect nodulated pea plant's ability to recover. Two pea genotypes, Puget and Kayanne, displaying different drought resilience abilities were compared for their capacity to tolerate to, and to recover from, a 2-weeks water-deficit period applied before flowering. Physiological processes were studied in this time-series experiment using a conceptual structure-function analysis framework focusing on whole plant carbon, nitrogen, and water fluxes combined to two 13CO2 and 15N2 labeling experiments. While Puget showed a yield decrease compared to well-watered plants, Kayanne was able to maintain its yield. During the recovery period, genotype-dependent strategies were observed. The analysis of the synchronization of carbon, nitrogen, and water related traits dynamics during the recovery period and at the whole plant level, revealed that plant growth recovery was tightly linked to N nutrition. In Puget, the initiation of new nodules after water deficit was delayed compared to control plants, and additional nodules developed, while in Kayanne the formation of nodules was both rapidly and strictly re-adjusted to plant growth needs, allowing a full recovery. Our study suggested that a rapid re-launch of N acquisition, associated with a fine-tuning of nodule formation during the post-stress period is essential for efficient drought resilience in pea leading to yield stability.
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18
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Abstract
Chickpea, dry bean, dry pea, and lentil are prominent dietary grain legumes commonly referred to as pulses. Pulses have been a staple component of the human diet for more than 8,000 years; however, in the last 70 years they have virtually disappeared from most Western diets. Reduced intake has occurred concomitantly with inadequate dietary fiber consumption and the onset of the obesity pandemic. Misinformation about tolerance and toxicity of several pulse crop constituents remains a barrier to public health efforts to increase dietary intake. Of particular concern are lectins which participate in agglutination reactions with cell surface proteins and galacto-oligosaccharides which have been associated with intestinal discomfort and flatulence. The scientific basis of these concerns is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173
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19
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Ojiewo C, Monyo E, Desmae H, Boukar O, Mukankusi‐Mugisha C, Thudi M, Pandey MK, Saxena RK, Gaur PM, Chaturvedi SK, Fikre A, Ganga Rao NPVR, SameerKumar CV, Okori P, Janila P, Rubyogo JC, Godfree C, Akpo E, Omoigui L, Nkalubo S, Fenta B, Binagwa P, Kilango M, Williams M, Mponda O, Okello D, Chichaybelu M, Miningou A, Bationo J, Sako D, Diallo S, Echekwu C, Umar ML, Oteng‐Frimpong R, Mohammed H, Varshney RK. Genomics, genetics and breeding of tropical legumes for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Plant Breed 2019; 138:487-499. [PMID: 31787790 PMCID: PMC6876654 DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are important components of sustainable agricultural production, food, nutrition and income systems of developing countries. In spite of their importance, legume crop production is challenged by a number of biotic (diseases and pests) and abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought and salinity), edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient deficits) and policy issues (where less emphasis is put on legumes compared to priority starchy staples). Significant research and development work have been done in the past decade on important grain legumes through collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects as well as the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (CRP-GL). Through these initiatives, genomic resources and genomic tools such as draft genome sequence, resequencing data, large-scale genomewide markers, dense genetic maps, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and diagnostic markers have been developed for further use in multiple genetic and breeding applications. Also, these mega-initiatives facilitated release of a number of new varieties and also dissemination of on-the-shelf varieties to the farmers. More efforts are needed to enhance genetic gains by reducing the time required in cultivar development through integration of genomics-assisted breeding approaches and rapid generation advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ojiewo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)NairobiKenya
| | - Emmanuel Monyo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)NairobiKenya
| | | | - Ousmane Boukar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)KanoNigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stanley Nkalubo
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO)NamulongeUganda
| | - Berhanu Fenta
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)MelkassaEthiopia
| | - Papias Binagwa
- Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)ArushaTanzania
| | | | | | | | - David Okello
- National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI)SorotiUganda
| | | | - Amos Miningou
- Environmental Institute for Agricultural Research (INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Joseph Bationo
- Environmental Institute for Agricultural Research (INERA)OuagadougouBurkina Faso
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20
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Munir R, Konnerup D, Khan HA, Siddique KHM, Colmer TD. Sensitivity of chickpea and faba bean to root-zone hypoxia, elevated ethylene, and carbon dioxide. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:85-97. [PMID: 29486054 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During soil waterlogging, plants experience O2 deficits, elevated ethylene, and high CO2 in the root-zone. The effects on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of ethylene (2 μL L-1 ), CO2 (2-20% v/v) or deoxygenated stagnant solution were evaluated. Ethylene and high CO2 reduced root growth of both species, but O2 deficiency had the most damaging effect and especially so for chickpea. Chickpea suffered root tip death when in deoxygenated stagnant solution. High CO2 inhibited root respiration and reduced growth, whereas sugars accumulated in root tips, of both species. Gas-filled porosity of the basal portion of the primary root of faba bean (23%, v/v) was greater than for chickpea (10%), and internal O2 movement was more prominent in faba bean when in an O2 -free medium. Ethylene treatment increased the porosity of roots. The damaging effects of low O2 , such as death of root tips, resulted in poor recovery of root growth upon reaeration. In conclusion, ethylene and high CO2 partially inhibited root extension in both species, but low O2 in deoxygenated stagnant solution had the most damaging effect, even causing death of root tips in chickpea, which was more sensitive to the low O2 condition than faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushna Munir
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
| | - Dennis Konnerup
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Hammad A Khan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
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21
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Li S, Ding Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Tang X, Dai D, Jin H, Lee SH, Cai C, Ma J. Parallel domestication with a broad mutational spectrum of determinate stem growth habit in leguminous crops. Plant J 2018; 96:761-771. [PMID: 30112860 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem growth habit is a key plant architecture trait determining yield potential in grain legumes, and the phenotypic change from the indeterminate stem growth habit of wild mungbeans (Vigna radiata) to the determinate stem growth habit of cultivated mungbeans is a critical domestication transition. Here we show that indeterminate stem growth in wild mungbean is modulated by a single gene, VrDet1, which encodes a signaling protein of shoot apical meristems. The transition from an indeterminate to a determinate stem growth habit was achieved by selection of two linked point mutations in two putative cis-regulatory elements, resulting in a significant reduction in gene expression. Both the wild-type nucleotides corresponding to the two point mutations were essential for VrDet1 function. In addition, two highly diverse haplotypes of Vrdet1 were found in cultivated mungbeans, suggesting dual domestication of Vrdet1. VrDet1 was orthologous to Dt1 in wild soybean and PvTFL1y in wild common bean, where multiple loss-of-function mutations altering the coding sequences of individual genes were selected to produce determinate stems in cultivated accessions. Interspecific comparison of these orthologs in the wild and cultivated accessions reveals the most conservative interspecific and intraspecific parallel domestication events with the broadest mutational spectrum of a domestication trait in leguminous crops. We also found that interspecifically and functionally conserved promoters possess cis-regulatory elements that are highly conserved in kind but greatly variable in number and order, demonstrating the evolutionary dynamics of regulatory sequences. This work provides insights into the origins of cultivated mungbean and exemplifies the conservativeness and plasticity of the domestication processes of related crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yanhua Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dajian Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xutong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xuemin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Deyan Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hanqi Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Chunmei Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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22
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Adams MA, Buchmann N, Sprent J, Buckley TN, Turnbull TL. Crops, Nitrogen, Water: Are Legumes Friend, Foe, or Misunderstood Ally? Trends Plant Sci 2018; 23:539-550. [PMID: 29559299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by crop legumes reduces demand for industrial nitrogen fixation (INF). Nonetheless, rates of BNF in agriculture remain low, with strong negative feedback to BNF from reactive soil nitrogen (N) and drought. We show that breeding for yield has resulted in strong relationships between photosynthesis and leaf N in non-leguminous crops, whereas grain legumes show strong relations between leaf N and water use efficiency (WUE). We contrast these understandings with other studies that draw attention to the water costs of grain legume crops, and their potential for polluting the biosphere with N. We propose that breeding grain legumes for reduced stomatal conductance can increase WUE without compromising production or BNF. Legume crops remain a better bet than relying on INF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Adams
- Swinburne University, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Nina Buchmann
- ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janet Sprent
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tarryn L Turnbull
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2480, Australia
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23
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Tani E, Abraham E, Chachalis D, Travlos I. Molecular, Genetic and Agronomic Approaches to Utilizing Pulses as Cover Crops and Green Manure into Cropping Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1202. [PMID: 28587254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover crops constitute one of the most promising agronomic practices towards a more sustainable agriculture. Their beneficial effects on main crops, soil and environment are many and various, while risks and disadvantages may also appear. Several legumes show a high potential but further research is required in order to suggest the optimal legume cover crops for each case in terms of their productivity and ability to suppress weeds. The additional cost associated with cover crops should also be addressed and in this context the use of grain legumes such as cowpea, faba bean and pea could be of high interest. Some of the aspects of these grain legumes as far as their use as cover crops, their genetic diversity and their breeding using conventional and molecular approaches are discussed in the present review. The specific species seem to have a high potential for use as cover crops, especially if their noticeable genetic diversity is exploited and their breeding focuses on several desirable traits.
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24
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Muñoz N, Liu A, Kan L, Li MW, Lam HM. Potential Uses of Wild Germplasms of Grain Legumes for Crop Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E328. [PMID: 28165413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Challenged by population increase, climatic change, and soil deterioration, crop improvement is always a priority in securing food supplies. Although the production of grain legumes is in general lower than that of cereals, the nutritional value of grain legumes make them important components of food security. Nevertheless, limited by severe genetic bottlenecks during domestication and human selection, grain legumes, like other crops, have suffered from a loss of genetic diversity which is essential for providing genetic materials for crop improvement programs. Illustrated by whole-genome-sequencing, wild relatives of crops adapted to various environments were shown to maintain high genetic diversity. In this review, we focused on nine important grain legumes (soybean, peanut, pea, chickpea, common bean, lentil, cowpea, lupin, and pigeonpea) to discuss the potential uses of their wild relatives as genetic resources for crop breeding and improvement, and summarized the various genetic/genomic approaches adopted for these purposes.
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Mfuti DK, Subramanian S, van Tol RWHM, Wiegers GL, de Kogel WJ, Niassy S, du Plessis H, Ekesi S, Maniania NK. Spatial separation of semiochemical Lurem-TR and entomopathogenic fungi to enhance their compatibility and infectivity in an autoinoculation system for thrips management. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:131-139. [PMID: 25643946 PMCID: PMC5024074 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of spatial separation of the semiochemical Lurem-TR, which has been found to inhibit conidia of entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on the persistence of conidia of Metarhizium brunneum and M. anisopliae was evaluated in the greenhouse and field in order to develop an autodissemination strategy for the management of Megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea crop. Influence of spatial separation of the semiochemical on thrips attraction and conidial acquisition by thrips from the autoinoculation device was also investigated in the field. RESULTS Persistence of conidia of M. brunneum and M. anisopliae increased with distance of separation of Lurem-TR. Direct exposure of fungus without separation from Lurem-TR recorded the lowest conidial germination as compared with the other treatments. Attraction of thrips to the device also varied significantly according to distance between device and semiochemical, with a higher number of thrips attracted when Lurem-TR was placed in a container below the device and at 10 cm distance. There was no significant difference in conidial acquisition between spatial separation treatments of conidia and Lurem-TR. Attraction of other insect pests to the device did not significantly vary between treatments. Positive correlations were found between conidial acquisition and thrips attraction. CONCLUSION This study suggests that spatial separation of fungal conidia from Lurem-TR in an autoinoculation device could provide a low-cost strategy for effective management of thrips in grain legume cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Mfuti
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Hannalene du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
| | - Nguya K Maniania
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyNairobiKenya
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Niassy S, Ekesi S, Maniania NK, Orindi B, Moritz GB, de Kogel WJ, Subramanian S. Active aggregation among sexes in bean flower thrips ( Megalurothrips sjostedti) on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata). Entomol Exp Appl 2016; 158:17-24. [PMID: 26726262 PMCID: PMC4690520 DOI: 10.1111/eea.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Male sexual aggregations are a common territorial, mating-related or resource-based, behaviour observed in diverse organisms, including insects such as thrips. The influence of factors such as plant substrate, time of day, and geographic location on aggregation of thrips is uncertain, therefore we monitored the dispersion of male and female bean flower thrips (BFT), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae), over three cowpea growth stages and across three cowpea-growing areas of Kenya. Our results indicated that for all the crop growth stages, the density of BFTs varied over the time of day, with higher densities at 10:00, 13:00, and 16:00 hours than at 07:00 hours. Thrips densities did not differ among blocks at the budding stage, but they did at peak flowering and podding stages. Dispersion indices suggested that both male and female BFTs were aggregated. Active male aggregation occurred only on green plant parts and it varied across blocks, crop stages, and locations. Similarly, active female aggregation was observed in peak flowering and podding stages. Such active aggregation indicates a semiochemical or behaviour-mediated aggregation. Identification of such a semiochemical may offer new opportunities for refining monitoring and management strategies for BFT on cowpea, the most important grain legume in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nguya K Maniania
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benedict Orindi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald B Moritz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther UniversityHalle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Willem J de Kogel
- Plant Research InternationalWageningen UR, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Salunke BK, Prakash K, Vishwakarma KS, Maheshwari VL. Plant metabolites: an alternative and sustainable approach towards post harvest pest management in pulses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2009; 15:185-97. [PMID: 23572929 PMCID: PMC3550355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-009-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are an important source of proteins in vegetarian diet besides their role in biological nitrogen fixation. They are prone to heavy pest infestation both on and off the field. Pest associated losses are an important contributing factor towards declining per capita availability of grain legumes. Synthetic chemical pesticides have played an important role in crop preservation, however their incessant use has posed several environmental and human health concerns. Methyl bromide and phosphine are commonly used for the post harvest preservation of grain legumes. However, the former has to be phased out by 2015 as per the Montreal protocol whereas the latter is showing development of resistance to it by the insects. In the light of this, alternative, safer and sustainable strategies are needed for crop protection. Plants can serve as a rich source of bioactive chemicals for this purpose. Both primary as well as secondary metabolites can be evaluated against the target pests. The paper reviews the status of research in the area of use of plant metabolites in post harvest pest management of grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Salunke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - K. S. Vishwakarma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
| | - V. L. Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, P.B. No. 80, Jalgaon, 425 001 MS India
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TIVOLI B, BARANGER A, SIVASITHAMPARAM K, BARBETTI MJ. Annual Medicago: from a model crop challenged by a spectrum of necrotrophic pathogens to a model plant to explore the nature of disease resistance. Ann Bot 2006; 98:1117-28. [PMID: 16803846 PMCID: PMC3292268 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual Medicago spp., including M. truncatula, play an important agronomic role in dryland farming regions of the world where they are often an integral component of cropping systems, particularly in regions with a Mediterranean or Mediterranean-type climate where they grow as winter annuals that provide both nitrogen and disease breaks for rotational crops. Necrotrophic foliar and soil-borne pathogens dominate these regions and challenge the productivity of annual Medicago and crop legume species. SCOPE This review outlines some of the major and/or widespread diseases these necrotrophic pathogens cause on Medicago spp. It then explores the potential for using the spectrum of necrotrophic pathogen-host interactions, with annual Medicago as the host plant, to better understand and model pathosystems within the diseases caused by nectrotrophic pathogens across forage and grain legume crops. CONCLUSIONS Host resistance clearly offers the best strategy for cost-effective, long-term control of necrotrophic foliar and soil-borne pathogens, particularly as useful resistance to a number of these diseases has been identified. Recently and initially, the annual M. truncatula has emerged as a more appropriate and agronomically relevant substitute to Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant for legumes, and is proving an excellent model to understand the mechanisms of resistance both to individual pathogens and more generally to most forage and grain legume necrotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. TIVOLI
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Rennes, UMR BiO3P Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - A. BARANGER
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Rennes, UMR APBV Domaine de la Motte, BP 35327 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - K. SIVASITHAMPARAM
- School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - M. J. BARBETTI
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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