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Boutros SW, Zimmerman B, Nagy SC, Lee JS, Perez R, Raber J. Amifostine (WR-2721) Mitigates Cognitive Injury Induced by Heavy Ion Radiation in Male Mice and Alters Behavior and Brain Connectivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:770502. [PMID: 34867479 PMCID: PMC8637850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep space environment contains many risks to astronauts during space missions, such as galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) comprised of naturally occurring heavy ions. Heavy ion radiation is increasingly being used in cancer therapy, including novel regimens involving carbon therapy. Previous investigations involving simulated space radiation have indicated a host of detrimental cognitive and behavioral effects. Therefore, there is an increasing need to counteract these deleterious effects of heavy ion radiation. Here, we assessed the ability of amifostine to mitigate cognitive injury induced by simulated GCRs in C57Bl/6J male and female mice. Six-month-old mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline, 107 mg/kg, or 214 mg/kg of amifostine 1 h prior to exposure to a simplified five-ion radiation (protons, 28Si, 4He, 16O, and 56Fe) at 500 mGy or sham radiation. Mice were behaviorally tested 2-3 months later. Male mice that received saline and radiation exposure failed to show novel object recognition, which was reversed by both doses of amifostine. Conversely, female mice that received saline and radiation exposure displayed intact object recognition, but those that received amifostine prior to radiation did not. Amifostine and radiation also had distinct effects on males and females in the open field, with amifostine affecting distance moved over time in both sexes, and radiation affecting time spent in the center in females only. Whole-brain analysis of cFos immunoreactivity in male mice indicated that amifostine and radiation altered regional connectivity in areas involved in novel object recognition. These data support that amifostine has potential as a countermeasure against cognitive injury following proton and heavy ion irradiation in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sydney C. Nagy
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joanne S. Lee
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, OR, United States
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An FY, Yan CL, Liu YQ, Wang CX, Su Y, Shi B, Yang SH, Guo D, Jiang GF. [Effect of Huangqi decoction on delaying renal cell apoptosis induced by 12C 6+ ion irradiation in rats and its mechanism]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2021; 37:318-23. [PMID: 34374247 DOI: 10.12047/j.cjap.6079.2021.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the molecular protective mechanisms of Huangqi decoction inhibiting the apoptosis of renal cells in the 12C6+ radiation brain model rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, radiation alone model group, Huangqi decoction (high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose ) groups. The normal control group and the radiation alone group were treated with saline10 ml/(kg·d) by gavage, the Huangqi decoction treatment groups were treated with Huangqi decoction at the doses of 4.5, 9 and 18 g/(kg·d) by gavage respectively. After 7 d, except mice in normal control group, the brain of the rats in radiation alone model group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose Huangqi decoction group were radiated by 4 Gy 12C6+ ion once. The rats were killed by the femoral artery after irradiation 7 d. The pathomorphism changes of renal tissue were observed by HE, the IL-6 level in serum was detected by ELISA, the gene expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in renal tissue were assessed by RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and NF-κB in renal tissue were analyzed by immunehistochemical staining. Results: Compared with normal control group, the body weight and kidney index were decreased significantly, the expression of Bcl-2 in renal tissue was decreased significantly, the serum content of IL-6 was increased obviously, and the expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and NF-κB in renal tissue were increased significantly in the radiation alone model group (P<0.01). The mesangial cells proliferated obviously, interstitial vessels of renal tubules were dilated and congested obviously, the lumen of renal tubules was narrow and irregular in the radiation alone model group. As compared with the radiation alone model group, the body weight and the kidney index were increased obviously in high-dose Huangqi decoction group, the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2 in renal tissue were increased significantly in Huangqi decoction intervention group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). whereas, the protein expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in renal tissue were decreased significantly in middle-dose and high-dose Huangqi decoction group, the serum content of IL-6 was decreased obviously, the gene expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in renal tissue were decreased significantly and the protein expression of NF-κB in renal tissue was decreased significantly in Huangqi decoction intervention group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The proliferation of mesangial cells was improved and the contour of renal tubules was clear in high-dose huangqi decoction group. Conclusion: High-dose of huangqi decoction has protective effect on kidney in rats induced by 12C6+ radiation brain, the mechanism may be related to the regulation of Bcl-2/NF-κB signal pathway.
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Koom WS, Sai S, Suzuki M, Fujimori A, Yamada S, Tsujii H. Superior Effect of the Combination of Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation and 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12625-12635. [PMID: 33335403 PMCID: PMC7737548 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether carbon-ion beam irradiation in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is superior to carbon-ion beam irradiation alone in targeting colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Materials and Methods Human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, HCT116 and HT29, were treated with carbon-ion beam irradiation alone or in combination with 5-FU. Cell viability assay, colony and spheroid formation assay, apoptotic assay, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of apoptosis- and autophagy-related gene expression were performed. Results Carbon-ion beam irradiation dose-dependently decreased CRC cell viability and showed significantly enhanced cell killing effect when combined with 5-FU. Carbon-ion beam irradiation in combination with 5-FU significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. The expression of some apoptotic and autophagy-related genes such as Bax, Bcl2, Beclin1 and ATG7 was significantly induced by carbon-ion beam irradiation alone and was further enhanced when the beam was combined with 5-FU. The spheroid forming capacity of CD133+ cell subpopulations was significantly inhibited by carbon-ion beam in combination with 5-FU. Histopathologically, the combination of carbon-ion beam irradiation and 5-FU destroyed more xenograft tumor cells, and resulted in increased necrosis, cavitation, and fibrosis, compared to carbon-ion beam irradiation alone. Conclusion In conclusion, carbon-ion beam treatment combined with 5-FU has the potential to kill CRC cells including CSCs by inducing increased apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Sei Sai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tsujii
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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Li B, Han C, Liu Y, Ismail N, Smith K, Zhang P, Chen Z, Dai R, Deng Y. Effect of Heavy Ion 12C 6+ Radiation on Lipid Constitution in the Rat Brain. Molecules 2020; 25:E3762. [PMID: 32824857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy ions refer to charged particles with a mass greater than four (i.e., alpha particles). The heavy ion irradiation used in radiotherapy or that astronauts suffer in space flight missions induces toxicity in normal tissue and leads to short-term and long-term damage in both the structure and function of the brain. However, the underlying molecular alterations caused by heavy ion radiation have yet to be completely elucidated. Herein, untargeted and targeted lipidomic profiling of the whole brain tissue and blood plasma 7 days after the administration of the 15 Gy (260 MeV, low linear energy (LET) = 13.9 KeV/μm) plateau irradiation of disposable 12C6+ heavy ions on the whole heads of rats was explored to study the lipid damage induced by heavy ion radiation in the rat brain using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) technology. Combined with multivariate variables and univariate data analysis methods, our results indicated that an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) could clearly distinguish lipid metabolites between the irradiated and control groups. Through the combination of variable weight value (VIP), variation multiple (FC), and differential (p) analyses, the significant differential lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) were screened out. Further quantitative targeted lipidomic analyses of these DAGs in the rat brain tissue and plasma supported the notion that DAG 47:1 could be used as a potential biomarker to study brain injury induced by heavy ion irradiation.
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Kumar S, Suman S, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Intestinal stem cells acquire premature senescence and senescence associated secretory phenotype concurrent with persistent DNA damage after heavy ion radiation in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4145-4158. [PMID: 31239406 PMCID: PMC6629005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heavy ion radiation, prevalent in outer space and relevant for radiotherapy, is densely ionizing and poses risk to stem cells that are key to intestinal homeostasis. Currently, the molecular spectrum of heavy ion radiation-induced perturbations in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), that could trigger intestinal pathologies, remains largely unexplored. The Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT mice were exposed to 50 cGy of iron radiation. Mice were euthanized 60 d after exposure and ISCs were sorted using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide were measured using fluorescent probes. Since DNA damage is linked to senescence and senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), we stained ISCs for both senescence markers p16, p21, and p19 as well as SASP markers IL6, IL8, and VEGF. Due to potential positive effects of SASP on proliferation, we also stained for PCNA. Data show increased ROS and ongoing DNA damage, by staining for γH2AX, and 53BP1, along with accumulation of senescence markers. Results also showed increased SASP markers in senescent cells. Collectively, our data suggest that heavy-ion-induced chronic stress and ongoing DNA damage is promoting SASP in a fraction of the ISCs, which has implications for gastrointestinal function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis in astronauts and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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He Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang H, Li Z, Xiao L, Hu J, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Zhao X. Comparative Profiling of MicroRNAs Reveals the Underlying Toxicological Mechanism in Mice Testis Following Carbon Ion Radiation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818778633. [PMID: 29977176 PMCID: PMC6024298 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818778633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicity of heavy ion radiation to mice testis by microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Testicular indices and histology were measured following enterocoelia irradiation with a 2 Gy carbon ion beam, with the testes exhibiting the most serious injuries at 4 weeks after carbon ion radiation (CIR) exposure. Illumina sequencing technology was used to sequence small RNA libraries of the control and irradiated groups at 4 weeks after CIR. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses implicated differential miRNAs in the regulation of target genes involved in metabolism, development, and reproduction. Here, 8 miRNAs, including miR-34c-5p, miR-138, and 6 let-7 miRNA family members previously reported in testis after radiation, were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate miRNA sequencing data. The differentially expressed miRNAs described here provided a novel perspective for the role of miRNAs in testis toxicity following CIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Lopez Perez R, Best G, Nicolay NH, Greubel C, Rossberger S, Reindl J, Dollinger G, Weber KJ, Cremer C, Huber PE. Superresolution light microscopy shows nanostructure of carbon ion radiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair foci. FASEB J 2016; 30:2767-76. [PMID: 27166088 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500106r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon ion radiation is a promising new form of radiotherapy for cancer, but the central question about the biologic effects of charged particle radiation is yet incompletely understood. Key to this question is the understanding of the interaction of ions with DNA in the cell's nucleus. Induction and repair of DNA lesions including double-strand breaks (DSBs) are decisive for the cell. Several DSB repair markers have been used to investigate these processes microscopically, but the limited resolution of conventional microscopy is insufficient to provide structural insights. We have applied superresolution microscopy to overcome these limitations and analyze the fine structure of DSB repair foci. We found that the conventionally detected foci of the widely used DSB marker γH2AX (Ø 700-1000 nm) were composed of elongated subfoci with a size of ∼100 nm consisting of even smaller subfocus elements (Ø 40-60 nm). The structural organization of the subfoci suggests that they could represent the local chromatin structure of elementary DSB repair units at the DSB damage sites. Subfocus clusters may indicate induction of densely spaced DSBs, which are thought to be associated with the high biologic effectiveness of carbon ions. Superresolution microscopy might emerge as a powerful tool to improve our knowledge of interactions of ionizing radiation with cells.-Lopez Perez, R., Best, G., Nicolay, N. H., Greubel, C., Rossberger, S., Reindl, J., Dollinger, G., Weber, K.-J., Cremer, C., Huber, P. E. Superresolution light microscopy shows nanostructure of carbon ion radiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Lopez Perez
- Clinical Cooperation Unit and Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gerrit Best
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Clinical Cooperation Unit and Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Greubel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; and
| | - Sabrina Rossberger
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Reindl
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; and
| | - Günther Dollinger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; and
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Clinical Cooperation Unit and Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Superresolution Microscopy of Functional Nuclear Nanostructure, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Clinical Cooperation Unit and Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;
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Suman S, Kumar S, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Decreased RXRα is Associated with Increased β-Catenin/TCF4 in (56)Fe-Induced Intestinal Tumors. Front Oncol 2015; 5:218. [PMID: 26500891 PMCID: PMC4597120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that accumulation of oncogenic β-catenin is critical for intestinal tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Post-translational β-catenin level is regulated via the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-dependent as well as the APC-independent ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP). Employing an APC-mutant mouse model (APCMin/+) the present study aimed to investigate the status of RXRα, an APC-independent factor involved in targeting β-catenin to UPP for degradation, in tumor-bearing and tumor-free areas of intestine after exposure to energetic 56Fe ions. APCMin/+ mice were exposed to energetic 56Fe ions (4 or 1.6 Gy) and intestinal tumor samples and tumor-free normal intestinal samples were collected 100–110 days after exposure. The status of TCF4, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and RXRα was examined using immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. We observed increased accumulation of the transcription factor TCF4 and its co-activator β-catenin as well as their downstream oncogenic target protein cyclin-D1 in 56Fe ion-induced intestinal tumors. Further, decreased expression of RXRα in tumors as well as in adjacent normal epithelium was indicative of perturbations in β-catenin proteasomal-targeting machinery. This indicates that decreased UPP targeting of β-catenin due to downregulation of RXRα can contribute to further accumulation of β-catenin and to 56Fe-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA ; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, DC , USA
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Barcellos-Hoff MH, Adams C, Balmain A, Costes SV, Demaria S, Illa-Bochaca I, Mao JH, Ouyang H, Sebastiano C, Tang J. Systems biology perspectives on the carcinogenic potential of radiation. J Radiat Res 2014; 55. [PMCID: PMC3941546 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent experimental and modeling studies that attempt to define the physiological context in which high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation increases epithelial cancer risk and the efficiency with which it does so. Radiation carcinogenesis is a two-compartment problem: ionizing radiation can alter genomic sequence as a result of damage due to targeted effects (TE) from the interaction of energy and DNA; it can also alter phenotype and multicellular interactions that contribute to cancer by poorly understood non-targeted effects (NTE). Rather than being secondary to DNA damage and mutations that can initiate cancer, radiation NTE create the critical context in which to promote cancer. Systems biology modeling using comprehensive experimental data that integrates different levels of biological organization and time-scales is a means of identifying the key processes underlying the carcinogenic potential of high-LET radiation. We hypothesize that inflammation is a key process, and thus cancer susceptibility will depend on specific genetic predisposition to the type and duration of this response. Systems genetics using novel mouse models can be used to identify such determinants of susceptibility to cancer in radiation sensitive tissues following high-LET radiation. Improved understanding of radiation carcinogenesis achieved by defining the relative contribution of NTE carcinogenic effects and identifying the genetic determinants of the high-LET cancer susceptibility will help reduce uncertainties in radiation risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. Tel: +1-212-263-3021;
| | - Cassandra Adams
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS977, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Irineu Illa-Bochaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jian Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS977, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Haoxu Ouyang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Sebastiano
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 566 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS977, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
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