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Zhang G, Lu B, Wang E, Wang W, Li Z, Jiao L, Li H, Wu W. Panax ginseng improves physical recovery and energy utilization on chronic fatigue in rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Pharm Biol 2023; 61:316-323. [PMID: 36695132 PMCID: PMC9879180 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2169719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) is a tonic herb used in ancient Asia. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the antifatigue effect of P. ginseng on chronic fatigue rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, model and EEP (ethanol extraction of P. ginseng roots) (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) groups (n = 8). The rats were subcutaneously handled with loaded swimming once daily for 26 days, except for the control group. The animals were intragastrically treated with EEP from the 15th day. On day 30, serum, liver and muscles were collected, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway was evaluated. RESULTS The swimming times to exhaust of the rats with EEP were significantly longer than that without it. EEP spared the amount of muscle glycogen, hepatic glycogen and blood sugar under the chronic state. In addition, EEP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased serum triglycerides (1.24 ± 0.17, 1.29 ± 0.04 and 1.20 ± 0.21 vs. 1.58 ± 0.13 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (1.64 ± 0.36, 1.70 ± 0.15 and 1.41 ± 0.19 vs. 2.22 ± 0.19 mmol/L) compared to the model group. Regarding the regulation of energy, EEP had a positive impact on promoting ATPase activities and relative protein expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that EEP effectively relieved chronic fatigue, providing evidence that P. ginseng could be a potential dietary supplement to accelerate recovery from fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - BoFan Lu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Enhui Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Hao J, Wang Z, Jia Y, Sun L, Fu Z, Zhao M, Li Y, Yuan N, Cong B, Zhao L, Ge G. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Lactuca indica L. cv. Mengzao and their antioxidant properties. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065662. [PMID: 37396124 PMCID: PMC10308084 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of flavonoids from Lactuca indica L.cv. Mengzao (LIM) leaves was optimized, and the flavonoids content and their antioxidant potential in different parts were analyzed. The optimal extraction parameters to obtain the highest total flavonoids content (TFC) were a a ratio of liquid to solid of 24.76 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 411.43 W, ethanol concentration of 58.86% and an extraction time of 30 min, the average TFC of LIM leaves could reach 48.01 mg/g. For the yield of flavonoids, the UAE method had the best extraction capacity compared with solvent extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). In general, the TFC in different parts of LIM followed the order flower > leaf > stem > root, the flowering period is the most suitable harvesting period. From ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) quantification, the flower samples showed significantly higher six flavonoids and had the highest radical scavenging capacities compared to other samples. A high positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity and TFC, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and rutin were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with all antioxidant evaluations. This study provides valuable information for the development and utilization of flavonoids in Lactuca indica as ingredients in food, feed and nutritional health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baiming Cong
- Tongliao Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute, Tongliao, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute, Ulanhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Modini AK, Ranga M, Puppala U, Kaliyapermal M, Geereddy MKR, Samineni R, Grover P, Konidala SK. Identification, Isolation, and Structural Characterization of Novel Forced Degradation Products of Darunavir Using Advanced Analytical Techniques Like UPLC-MS, Prep-HPLC, HRMS, NMR, and FT-IR Spectroscopy. Chromatographia 2023; 86:63-78. [PMID: 36531783 PMCID: PMC9739338 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the stability of the pharmaceuticals plays a crucial role in efficacy and safety while using them in the treatment of disorders, the evaluation of purity and impurity profiling of pharmaceuticals is of utmost importance using efficient analytical techniques. The present study explains the identification, isolation, and characterization of stress degradation products of the anti-human immunovirus drug Darunavir. The degradation study was performed to evaluate the stability profile of Darunavir in different stress conditions like hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions as per the ICH guidelines. Degradation products were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, isolated using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and structural characterization by HRMS and 1H, 13C NMR (1D, 2D). Darunavir is relatively stable in oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions; however, considerable degradation was observed in acid and base hydrolysis. A total of five degradation products were identified and isolated in acid and base degradation. DP-1, DP -2, & DP-3 were observed in acid conditions, whereas in base conditions, along with DP-2, two more DPs, i.e., DP-4 & DP-5, were identified. Among the five DPs, two degradation products, namely DP-1: N-(4-(N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylsulfamoyl) phenyl) acetimidamide. & DP-3: hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(4-((4-acetimidamido-N-isobutylphenyl)sulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate, are novel, remaining degradation products DP-2: 4-amino-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamide, DP-4: 4-amino-N-(((5S)-4-benzyl-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl) methyl) -N-isobutyl benzenesulfonamide and DP-5: methyl ((3S)-4-((4-amino-N-isobutylphenyl) sulfonamido)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl) carbamate are already reported tentatively using a single analytical technique coupled with mass analysis without any evidence from NMR and IR data. Hence, the present study focused on using High-Resolution Mass, 1D, and 2D 1H, 13C NMR data for concrete confirmation of structures for degradation products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10337-022-04226-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Modini
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, 522017 India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Mahesh Ranga
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, 522017 India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Umamaheshwar Puppala
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, 522017 India
| | - Muralidharan Kaliyapermal
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, 522017 India
| | | | - Ramu Samineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206 India
| | - Sathish Kumar Konidala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213 Andhra Pradesh India
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Haq FU, Imran M, Saleem S, Aftab U, Ghazal A. Investigation of Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica for their antibacterial potential against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:391. [PMID: 35699800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem, especially due to emergence of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). World Health Organization (WHO) has already listed MRSA as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Presently, different therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections are in practice which includes targeting bacterial virulence factors, bacteriophage therapy, and manipulation of the microbiome. Natural products have been efficiently used for centuries to combat bacterial infections. Morchella is a natural fungal product which has been reported to possess broad-spectrum biological activities against bacterial infections. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two macro-fungi against S. aureus, MRSA, and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes). The antibacterial potential of both fungal extracts (Morchella esculenta and Morchella conica) was evaluated using disk diffusion and standard broth microdilution methods. The chemical compounds of both fungi were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) analysis. All fungal extracts inhibited growth of tested bacteria with inhibitory zone ranging from 10.66 ± 0.3 to 21.00 ± 1.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested bacterial growth ranged from 03.33 to 16.0 mg/ml. It was noteworthy that Morchella extracts prevented S. aureus growth in a bactericidal manner with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8-16 mg/ml. The extracts were also more effective against MRSA than currently available antibiotics. In conclusion, the growth inhibition of tested bacteria by fungal extracts revealed their potential as antibacterial agents and their compounds may be used as drug candidates.
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Li F, Liu H, Wu X, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Li F. Copper Modulates Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation to Enhance Dermal Papilla Cells Proliferation in Rex Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116209. [PMID: 35682888 PMCID: PMC9181294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an important coenzyme factor in cell signaling, such as cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). Metabolism plays an important role in regulating the fate of mammalian cells. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of copper on cell metabolism in the dermal papilla cells of the Rex rabbit. In this study, Cu promoted proliferation of dermal papilla cells (p = 0.0008) while also increasing levels of cellular CIII, CIV, Complex IV and ATP. Moreover, fifty metabolites that were significantly different between Cu and controls were identified as potential biomarkers of Cu stimulation. Copper-stimulated cells had altered levels of arachidonic acid derivatives, S-glutamic acid, and citric acid, which were primarily linked to two different pathways: arachidonic acid metabolism (p < 0.0001) and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (p = 0.0003). The addition of Cu can increase the proliferation of Rex rabbit dermal papilla cells. Increased levels of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2 (CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CIV) were associated with the increased levels of cellular cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In a word, copper promotes cell proliferation by maintaining the function of the cellular mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.L.); (H.L.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
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Xin Y, Hou Y, Zhang J, Ding T, Guan Z, Zhang D, Wang D, Jia S, Li S, Zhao X. Metabolomics analysis of the effects of quercetin on Cd-induced hepatotoxicityin rats. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:185-195. [PMID: 35414335 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2064285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium(Cd) is known to cause damage to the liver. In this study, metabolomics technology was used to investigate the effect of quercetin(QE) on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: control group (C), low and high dose QE group (Q1: 10 mg/kg·bw, Q2: 50 mg/kg·bw), Cd group (D), low and high dose QE and Cd combined intervention group (DQ1, DQ2). The rats were given Cd chloride (CdCl2) at a concentration of 40 mg/L through free drinking water. After 12 weeks of treatment, liver samples of rats were collected for metabonomic analysis. A total of 12 metabolites were identified, the intensities of PC(18:0/14:1(9Z)) and Arachidonate acid were decreased in the Cd-treated group (p < 0.01), whereas the intensities of Chenodeoxyglycocholic acid, Cholic acid, Taurochenodesoxycholic acid, Glycocholic acid, Prostaglandin D2, 15-Deoxy-d-12,14-PGJ2, Oxidized glutathione, Cholesterol, Protoporphyrin IX, Bilirubinwere increased significantly in the Cd-treated group compared with group C(p < 0.01). When rats were given high doses of QE and Cd at the same time, the intensity of the above metabolites was significantly restored in group DQ2. Results suggest that The protective effect of QE on Cd-induced liver injury is associated with antioxidant activity of QE, as well as QE can regulates hepatic bile acid metabolism by affecting FXR and BSEP, and regulates AA metabolism by inhibiting Cd-induced activities of COX-2 and PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Xin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiyu Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siqi Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Chen M, Jin J, Ji X, Chang K, Li J, Zhao L. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue distribution of chitobiose and chitotriose in rats. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 38647841 PMCID: PMC10991139 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have various physiological activities and broad application prospects; however, their pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution remain unclear. In this study, a sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method for determining chitobiose (COS 2) and chitotriose (COS 3) in rat serum and tissues was developed. This method was successfully validated based on FDA guidelines in terms of selectivity, calibration curves (lower limit of quantification was 0.002 µg/mL for COS 2 and 0.02 µg/mL for COS 3), precision (intra-day relative standard deviation of 0.04%-3.55% and inter-day relative standard deviation of 1.94%-11.63%), accuracy (intra-day relative error of - 1.81%-11.06% and inter-day relative error of - 9.41%-8.63%), matrix effects, recovery (97.10%-101.29%), stability, dilution integrity, and carry-over effects. Then, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of COS 2 and COS 3 after intragastric and intravenous administration. After intragastric administration, COS 2 and COS 3 were rapidly absorbed, reached peak concentrations in the serum after approximately 0.45 h, and showed rapid elimination with clearances greater than 18.82 L/h/kg and half-lives lower than 6 h. The absolute oral bioavailability of COS 2 and COS 3 was 0.32%-0.52%. COS 2 and COS 3 were widely distributed in Wistar rat tissues and could penetrated the blood-brain barrier without tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kunlin Chang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chang-Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Montero O, Velasco M, Miñón J, Marks EAN, Sanz-Arranz A, Rad C. Differential Membrane Lipid Profiles and Vibrational Spectra of Three Edaphic Algae and One Cyanobacterium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11277. [PMID: 34681936 PMCID: PMC8538821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycerolipids of four phototrophs that were isolated from an edaphic assemblage were determined by UPLC-MS after cultivation in a laboratory growth chamber. Identification was carried out by 18S and 16S rDNA sequencing. The algal species were Klebsormidium flaccidum (Charophyta), Oocystis sp. (Chlorophyta), and Haslea spicula (Bacillariophyta), and the cyanobacterium was Microcoleus vaginatus (Cyanobacteria). The glycerolipid profile of Oocystis sp. was dominated by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species, with MGDG(18:3/16:4) accounting for 68.6%, whereas MGDG(18:3/16:3) was the most abundant glycerolipid in K. flaccidum (50.1%). A ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species to MGDG species (DGDG/MGDG) was shown to be higher in K. flaccidum (0.26) than in Oocystis sp. (0.14). This ratio increased under high light (HL) as compared to low light (LL) in all the organisms, with its highest value being shown in cyanobacterium (0.38-0.58, LL-HL). High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and hexadecenoic acid were observed in the glycerolipids of H. spicula. Similar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were found for K. flaccidum and Oocystis sp. Specific bands at 1629.06 and 1582.78 cm-1 were shown by M. vaginatus in the Raman spectra. Conversely, specific bands in the FTIR spectrum were observed for H. spicula at 1143 and 1744 cm-1. The results of this study point out differences in the membrane lipid composition between species, which likely reflects their different morphology and evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpio Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Marta Velasco
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Miñón
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Evan A. N. Marks
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-University of Central Catalonia, Edifici Can Baumann, Crta. de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Sanz-Arranz
- Department of Fisica de la Materia Condensada, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rad
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
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Yang Q, Mei X, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang R, Chen Q, Kan J. Comprehensive identification of non-volatile bitter-tasting compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. by untargeted metabolomics combined with sensory-guided fractionation technique. Food Chem 2021; 347:129085. [PMID: 33493837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim. is an important seasoning in Chinese cooking, but its bitter taste limits its use by some consumers. In this study, metabolomic analysis based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to screen out a vast number of potential non-volatile bitter compounds in Z. bungeanum. Results showed that there were 37 potential bitter compounds in Z. bungeanum, and possible mechanisms underlying its bitter taste were provided. Further, instrumental analyses combined with sensory evaluation were used to identify the key bitter compounds in Gou jiao, a wild variant of Z. Bungeanum with a strong bitter taste. Totally 15 key bitter compounds were identified, most of which have a low bitterness recognition threshold. This study is the first comprehensive identification of non-volatile bitter compounds in Z. bungeanum and provides a basis for future investigations into mitigating bitterness and uncovering how the interaction between different bitter compounds affects taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Mei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Dumont D, Danielato G, Chastellier A, Hibrand Saint Oyant L, Fanciullino AL, Lugan R. Multi-Targeted Metabolic Profiling of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds and Primary Metabolites in Goji ( Lycium spp.) Berry and Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Reveals Inter and Intra Genus Biomarkers. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100422. [PMID: 33096702 PMCID: PMC7589643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profile is a key component of fruit quality, which is a challenge to study due to great compound diversity, especially in species with high nutritional value. This study presents optimized analytical methods for metabolic profiling in the fruits of three Solanaceae species: Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense and Solanumlycopersicum. It includes the most important chemical classes involved in nutrition and taste, i.e., carotenoids, phenolic compounds and primary compounds. Emphasis has been placed on the systematic achievement of good extraction yields, sample stability, and high response linearity using common LC-ESI-TQ-MS and GC-EI-MS apparatuses. A set of 13 carotenoids, 46 phenolic compounds and 67 primary compounds were profiled in fruit samples. Chemometrics revealed metabolic markers discriminating Lycium and Solanum fruits but also Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense fruits and the effect of the crop environment. Typical tomato markers were found to be lycopene, carotene, glutamate and GABA, while lycibarbarphenylpropanoids and zeaxanthin esters characterized goji (Lycium spp.) fruits. Among the compounds discriminating the Lycium species, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, chlorogenic acids, asparagine and quinic acid were more abundant in Lycium chinense, whereas Lycium barbarum accumulated more lycibarbarphenylpropanoids A-B, coumaric acid, fructose and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Dumont
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticole, 228 Route de l’aérodrome, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon, France;
| | - Giorgia Danielato
- Unité Mixte de Recherche QualiSud, Campus Jean Henri Fabre, Avignon Université, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP21239, 84916 Avignon, France;
| | - Annie Chastellier
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d’Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France; (A.C.); (L.H.S.O.)
| | - Laurence Hibrand Saint Oyant
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d’Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France; (A.C.); (L.H.S.O.)
| | - Anne-Laure Fanciullino
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticole, 228 Route de l’aérodrome, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon, France;
- Correspondence: (A.-L.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Raphaël Lugan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche QualiSud, Campus Jean Henri Fabre, Avignon Université, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP21239, 84916 Avignon, France;
- Correspondence: (A.-L.F.); (R.L.)
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11
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Li B, Han C, Liu Y, Ismail N, Smith K, Zhang P, Chen Z, Dai R, Deng Y. Effect of Heavy Ion 12C 6+ Radiation on Lipid Constitution in the Rat Brain. Molecules 2020; 25:E3762. [PMID: 32824857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy ions refer to charged particles with a mass greater than four (i.e., alpha particles). The heavy ion irradiation used in radiotherapy or that astronauts suffer in space flight missions induces toxicity in normal tissue and leads to short-term and long-term damage in both the structure and function of the brain. However, the underlying molecular alterations caused by heavy ion radiation have yet to be completely elucidated. Herein, untargeted and targeted lipidomic profiling of the whole brain tissue and blood plasma 7 days after the administration of the 15 Gy (260 MeV, low linear energy (LET) = 13.9 KeV/μm) plateau irradiation of disposable 12C6+ heavy ions on the whole heads of rats was explored to study the lipid damage induced by heavy ion radiation in the rat brain using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) technology. Combined with multivariate variables and univariate data analysis methods, our results indicated that an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) could clearly distinguish lipid metabolites between the irradiated and control groups. Through the combination of variable weight value (VIP), variation multiple (FC), and differential (p) analyses, the significant differential lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) were screened out. Further quantitative targeted lipidomic analyses of these DAGs in the rat brain tissue and plasma supported the notion that DAG 47:1 could be used as a potential biomarker to study brain injury induced by heavy ion irradiation.
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Otify AM, El-Sayed AM, Michel CG, Farag MA. Metabolites profiling of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) commercial by-products (pits and pollen) in relation to its antioxidant effect: a multiplex approach of MS and NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics 2019; 15:119. [PMID: 31456052 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is one of the most valued crops worldwide for its economical and nutraceutical applications of its date fruit (pericarp). Currently date pits, considered as a waste product, is employed as coffee substitute post roasting. Whereas, pollen represents another valuable by-product used as a dietary supplement. OBJECTIVES In this study, a large-scale comparative metabolomics approach was performed for the first characterization and standardization of date palm by-products viz., date pits and pollen. Moreover, roasting impact on date pit metabolite composition was also assessed. METHODS Metabolites profiling of pits and pollen was determined via a multiplex approach of UPLC-MS and NMR, coupled to multivariate analysis, in relation to its antioxidant activities. RESULTS Chemical analyses led to the identification of 67 metabolites viz., phenolic acids, flavonols, fatty acids, sphingolipids, steroids and saponins of which 10 are first time to be reported. The enrichment of steroids in date pollen accounts for its fertility promoting properties, whereas date pit was found a rich source for antioxidant polyphenols using metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aly M El-Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Camilia G Michel
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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13
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Tienaho J, Karonen M, Muilu-Mäkelä R, Wähälä K, Leon Denegri E, Franzén R, Karp M, Santala V, Sarjala T. Metabolic Profiling of Water-Soluble Compounds from the Extracts of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi (DSE) Isolated from Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings Using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E2330. [PMID: 31242564 PMCID: PMC6630819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms living inside plant hosts and are known to be beneficial for the host plant vitality. In this study, we isolated three endophytic fungus species from the roots of Scots pine seedlings growing on Finnish drained peatland setting. The isolated fungi belonged to dark septate endophytes (DSE). The metabolic profiles of the hot water extracts of the fungi were investigated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electron Spray Ionization source Mass Spectrometry with Orbitrap analyzer (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-Orbitrap). Out of 318 metabolites, we were able to identify 220, of which a majority was amino acids and peptides. Additionally, opine amino acids, amino acid quinones, Amadori compounds, cholines, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, siderophores, sugars, sugar alcohols and disaccharides were found, as well as other previously reported metabolites from plants or endophytes. Some differences of the metabolic profiles, regarding the amount and identity of the found metabolites, were observed even though the fungi were isolated from the same host. Many of the discovered metabolites have been described possessing biological activities and properties, which may make a favorable contribution to the host plant nutrient availability or abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Robert Franzén
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Matti Karp
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ville Santala
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
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El-Hawary SS, Fathy FI, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Khadar MS, Mansour MK. Anticholinesterase activity and metabolite profiling of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman leaves and fruits via UPLC-QTOF-PDA-MS. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1671-1675. [PMID: 31148478 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1622113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a complete metabolic profile of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman via UPLC-QTOF-PDA-MS and to evaluate their anticholinesterase activities in a model of Alzheimer disease. The current study has identified 39 metabolites belonging to various chemical classes (i.e. flavonols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, stilbenoids and lignans). While the fatty acids predominated in both leaves and fruits, the stilbenoids were more predominant in leaves. Their neuroprotective effect was comparable to Aricept; the standard drug used in treatment of Alzheimer disease. Both extracts significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity and improved the histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat model of aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer disease. In light of the current study, Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman is recommended as promising candidate for palliative treatment in Alzheimer disease through inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fify I Fathy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai S Khadar
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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Farag MA, El Senousy AS, El-Ahmady SH, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA. Comparative metabolome-based classification of Senna drugs: a prospect for phyto-equivalency of its different commercial products. Metabolomics 2019; 15:80. [PMID: 31087208 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demand to develop efficient and reliable analytical methods for the quality control of nutraceuticals is on the rise, together with an increase in the legal requirements for safe and consistent levels of its active principles. OBJECTIVE To establish a reliable model for the quality control of widely used Senna preparations used as laxatives and assess its phyto-equivalency. METHODS A comparative metabolomics approach via NMR and MS analyses was employed for the comprehensive measurement of metabolites and analyzed using chemometrics. RESULTS Under optimized conditions, 30 metabolites were simultaneously identified and quantified including anthraquinones, bianthrones, acetophenones, flavonoid conjugates, naphthalenes, phenolics, and fatty acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define relative metabolite differences among Senna preparations. Furthermore, quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) was employed to assess absolute metabolites levels in preparations. Results revealed that 6-hydroxy musizin or tinnevellin were correlated with active metabolites levels, suggesting the use of either of these naphthalene glycosides as markers for official Senna drugs authentication. CONCLUSION This study provides the first comparative metabolomics approach utilizing NMR and UPLC-MS to reveal for secondary metabolite compositional differences in Senna preparations that could readily be applied as a reliable quality control model for its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira S El Senousy
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chen S, Zhang M, Bo L, Li S, Hu L, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabolomic analysis of the toxic effect of chronic exposure of cadmium on rat urine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3765-3774. [PMID: 29168138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the toxic effect of chronic exposure to cadmium through a metabolomic approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control, low-dose cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (0.13 mg/kg body weight (bw)), middle-dose CdCl2 (0.8/kg bw), and high-dose CdCl2 (4.9 mg/kg bw). The rats continuously received CdCl2 via drinking water for 24 weeks. Rat urine samples were then collected at different time points to establish the metabolomic profiles. Multiple statistical analyses with principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to investigate the metabolomic profile changes in the urine samples and screen for potential biomarkers. Thirteen metabolites were identified from the metabolomic profiles of rat urine after treatment. Compared with the control group, the treated groups showed significantly increased intensities of phenylacetylglycine, guanidinosuccinic acid, 4-pyridoxic acid, 4-aminohippuric acid, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, allantoic acid, dopamine, LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)), and L-urobilinogen. By contrast, the intensities of creatinine, L-carnitine, taurine, and pantothenic acid in the treated groups were significantly decreased. These results indicated that Cd disrupts energy and lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, Cd causes liver and kidney damage via induction of oxidative stress; serum biochemical indices (e.g., creatinine and urea nitrogen) also support the aforementioned results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Lu Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Liyan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
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17
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Ndlovu T, Rautenbach M, Khan S, Khan W. Variants of lipopeptides and glycolipids produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured in different carbon substrates. AMB Express 2017; 7:109. [PMID: 28571307 PMCID: PMC5451376 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative effect of water immiscible and miscible carbon-rich substrates on the production of biosurfactants, surfactin and rhamnolipids, by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ST34 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST5, respectively, was analysed. A small-scale high throughput 96 deep-well micro-culture method was utilised to cultivate the two strains in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with the water miscible (glucose, glycerol, fructose and sucrose) and water immiscible carbon sources (diesel, kerosene and sunflower oil) under the same growth conditions. The biosurfactants produced by the two strains were isolated by acid precipitation followed by an organic solvent extraction. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry was utilised to analyse yields and characterise the biosurfactant variants. For B. amyloliquefaciens ST34, maximum surfactin production was observed in the MSM supplemented with fructose (28 mg L−1). In addition, four surfactin analogues were produced by ST34 using the different substrates, however, the C13–C15 surfactins were dominant in all extracts. For P. aeruginosa ST5, maximum rhamnolipid production was observed in the MSM supplemented with glucose (307 mg L−1). In addition, six rhamnolipid congeners were produced by ST5 using different substrates, however, Rha–Rha–C10–C10 and Rha–C10–C10 were the most abundant in all extracts. This study highlights that the carbon sources utilised influences the yield and analogues/congeners of surfactin and rhamnolipids produced by B. amyloliquefaciens and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Additionally, glucose and fructose were suitable substrates for rhamnolipid and surfactin, produced by P. aeruginosa ST5 and B. amyloliquefaciens ST34, which can be exploited for bioremediation or as antimicrobial agents.
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Hu L, Bo L, Zhang M, Li S, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomics analysis of serum from rats given long-term and low-level cadmium by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1079-1088. [PMID: 29143552 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1397811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium (Cd) in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, the control group, low-dose group (0.13 mg/kg·bw), middle-dose group (0.8 mg/kg·bw) and high-dose group (4.89 mg/kg·bw). The rats continuously received CdCl2 via drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum samples were collected for metabonomics analysis. The data generated from the UPLC-MS was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA model with satisfactory explanatory and predictive ability is capable of discriminating the treatment groups from the control group. 2. Finally, the 10 metabolites were identified and showed significant changes in some treatment groups compared with that in the control group (p < 0.0167 or p < 0.003). Exposure to Cd resulted in increased intensities of lysophosphatidic acid (P-16:0e/0:0), glycocholic acid, bicyclo-prostaglandin E2, lithocholyltaurine, sulfolithocholylglycine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:5/0:0) and lysophosphatidylcholine (20:0), as well as decreased intensities of 3-indolepropionic acid, phosphatidylcholine (18:4/18:0) and 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid in rat serum. 3. Results suggest that exposure to Cd can cause disturbances in the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nervous system, antioxidant defence system, liver and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hu
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Lu Bo
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Siqi Li
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Changhao Sun
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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Chen E, Lu J, Chen D, Zhu D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Wang J, Li J, Li L. Dynamic changes of plasma metabolites in pigs with GalN-induced acute liver failure using GC-MS and UPLC-MS. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:480-489. [PMID: 28668767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics facilitates investigation of the mechanisms of disease and screening for biomarkers. Here, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to identify plasma biomarkers of acute liver failure (ALF) in pigs. Blood was collected from pigs at 12h intervals during ALF. Hepatic injury was quantified by determining liver function and histopathology. Based on a multivariate data matrix and pattern recognition, two upregulated metabolites, namely, amino acids and conjugated bile acids, and two downregulated metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were identified. All of these metabolites showed a strong relationship with the extent of liver injury. Amino acids were biomarkers of the severity of liver impairment, conjugated bile acids were predictive of early stage liver damage, and LPCs and PCs were related to the prognosis of liver injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the occurrence of marked metabolic disturbances during ALF and that integrated metabolomics analysis facilitates identification of biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Liu J, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhang ZH, Tang ZH. Profiling of ginsenosides in the two medicinal Panax herbs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Springerplus 2016; 5:1770. [PMID: 27795912 PMCID: PMC5059545 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As the king of herb plants, ginseng has been used for nearly 5000 years in medicines in Asia and recently in the West. Ginsenosides, the main active constituents in Panax herbs, have prominent immunoregulatory effects. Although extensively studied in the roots, ginsenosides have not been studied with regard to their profiles and natural variations in the leaf, stem, petiole, lateral root, and main roots during development or among species. In this study, a sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry method with a shorter chromatographic running time was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of ten ginsenosides. Comparing ginsenoside contents in various parts during different developmental stages revealed part-specific accumulation of most ginsenosides. Further investigation indicated that Rg3 accumulated at significantly higher levels in the petiole of P. ginseng than in that of P. quinquefolius. The relative ratio of ginsenoside Rb2 to Rb1 appears to be a candidate metabolic marker for identifying the ginseng cultivar within a diverse collection of ginseng accessions. In addition, the PCA showed that aboveground parts differed significantly between species and can be considered as species-specific markers rather than roots. This comprehensive survey, providing reliable, affordable and adequate scientific evidence, could be used to differentiate two species and discriminate ginseng cultivar ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Long Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
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Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Tang ZH. Simultaneous determination of six active metabolites in Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bge. under salt stress by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Springerplus 2016; 5:927. [PMID: 27386371 PMCID: PMC4927545 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. mongholicus, family Leguminosae) is one of the most important traditional Chinese herbs because it contains lots of bioactive metabolites, which have beneficial and pharmacological effects on health. Simultaneously, it has been proved to be a salt-tolerant plant-one of the potential species to control the soil salinization. Therefore, a sensitive and specific ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of six main bioactive metabolites, astragaloside IV, cycloastragenol, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, calycosin, ononin and formononetin in different organs of A. mongholicus. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. Calibration curves offered linear ranges of two orders of magnitude with R(2) > 0.99. The method was fully validated for the linearity, intra-day and inter day precisions, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Then this method was successfully applied to detect the content of major bioactive metabolites in different plant organs of A. mongholicus under salt stress. Significant variations in the content of six bioactive metabolites were observed after been processed by different levels of salinity in different part of plant. The results support for further exploration of the salt-tolerant mechanisms in A. mongholicus and its possibility as the species that control the soil salinization. Meanwhile, we established a UPLC-MS/MS assay of the trace components in seedling of A. mongholicus in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, 32511 Egypt
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
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22
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Shi L, Wang J, Wang Y, Feng Y. MDG-1, an Ophiopogon polysaccharide, alleviates hyperlipidemia in mice based on metabolic profile of bile acids. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:74-81. [PMID: 27312615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic metabolic disorder with systemic complications that is prevalent worldwide. MDG-1, a water-soluble β-d-fructan polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicas has potent hypolipidemic and weight-control effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MDG-1 on lipid metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice based on the metabolic profile of bile acids. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a low-fat diet, high-fat diet or high fat mixed with 1‰ (w/w) MDG-1 diet for 12 weeks. The results showed that MDG-1 inhibited body weight gain and lowered serum and liver total cholesterol contents in obese mice. In addition, MDG-1 could adsorb bile acids in the gut lumen and reduce their reabsorption, thus promoting cholesterol catabolism. Furthermore, MDG-1 inhibited the expression of the farnesoid X receptor, but activated the liver X receptor. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism of MDG-1 in the control of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Ali MA, Farah MA, Al-Hemaid FM, Abou-Tarboush FM, Al-Anazi KM, Wabaidur SM, Alothman ZA, Lee J. Assessment of biological activity and UPLC-MS based chromatographic profiling of ethanolic extract of Ochradenus arabicus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:229-36. [PMID: 26981004 PMCID: PMC4778516 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products from wild and medicinal plants, either in the form of crude extracts or pure compounds provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads owing to the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. In the present study, the cytotoxic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Ochradenus arabicus was analyzed by MTT cell viability assay in MCF-7 adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells. We further investigated its effect against oxidative stress induced by anticancer drug doxorubicin. In addition, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS) based chromatographic profiling of crude extract of O. arabicus was performed. The MTT assay data showed that the extract is moderately toxic to the MCF-7 cells. However, its treatment alone does not induce oxidative stress while doxorubicin increases the level of oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells. Whereas, simultaneous treatment of plant extract and doxorubicin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation while an increase in the reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity was observed in time and dose dependent manner. Hence, our finding confirmed cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of crude extract of O. arabicus in MCF-7 cells. However, further investigations on O. arabicus as a potential chemotherapeutic agent are needed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays such as chromatographic techniques is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Abou-Tarboush
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Wabaidur
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Alothman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Cowan E, Kumar P, Burch KJ, Grieve DJ, Green BD, Graham SF. Treatment of lean and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with a novel stable obestatin analogue alters plasma metabolite levels as detected by untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Metabolomics 2016; 12:124. [PMID: 27471436 PMCID: PMC4932145 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obestatin is a controversial gastrointestinal peptide purported to have metabolic actions. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether treatment with a stable obestatin analogue (PEG-OB(Cys10, Cys13)) changed plasma metabolite levels firstly in lean and subsequently in diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL6/J mice. METHODS Untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics experiments were carried out in ESI + mode with plasma extracts from both groups of animals. Data were normalised, multivariate and univariate statistical analysis performed and metabolites of interest putatively identified. RESULTS In lean mice, 39 metabolites were significantly changed by obestatin treatment and the majority of these were increased, including various C16 and C18 moieties of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and monoacylglycerol, along with vitamin A, vitamin D3, tyrosine, acetylcarnitine and 2α-(hydroxymethyl)-5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol. Decreased concentrations of glycolithocholic acid, 3-dehydroteasterone and various phospholipids were observed. In DIO mice, 25 metabolites were significantly affected and strikingly, the magnitudes of changes here were generally much greater in DIO mice than in lean mice, and in contrast, the majority of metabolite changes were decreases. Four metabolites affected in both groups included glycolithocholic acid, and three different long-chain (C18) phospholipid molecules (phosphatidylethanolamine, platelet activating factor (PAF), and monoacylglycerol). Metabolites exclusively affected in DIO mice included various phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and fatty acyls, as well as creatine and oxidised glutathione. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates that obestatin treatment affects phospholipid turnover and influences lipid homeostasis, whilst providing convincing evidence that obestatin may be acting to ameliorate diet-induced impairments in lipid metabolism, and it may influence steroid, bile acid, PAF and glutathione metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cowan
- />Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BN Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Praveen Kumar
- />Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
| | - Kerry J. Burch
- />Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David J. Grieve
- />Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian D. Green
- />Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BN Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- />Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA
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Zhao M, Tao J, Qian D, Liu P, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Su SL, Duan JA, Du L. Simultaneous determination of loganin, morroniside, catalpol and acteoside in normal and chronic kidney disease rat plasma by UPLC-MS for investigating the pharmacokinetics of Rehmannia glutinosa and Cornus officinalis Sieb drug pair extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1009-1010:122-9. [PMID: 26720701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid method for determination of loganin, morroniside, catalpol and acteoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Cornus officinalis Sieb drug pair based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase A and B. Loganin, morroniside, catalpol, acteoside and the internal standard (chloramphenicol) were detected by selected reaction monitoring in the negative ion mode with the mass transition of m/z 451.0→179.0 (morroniside), m/z 435.0→227.0 (loganin), m/z 407.1→199.1 (catalpol), m/z 623.2→161.0 (acteoside) and m/z 320.8→151.9 (chloramphenicol), respectively. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r>0.991). The precision was evaluated by intra-day and inter-day assays and the RSD% were all within 9.58%. The recovery ranged from 67.62 to 80.14%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the analytes in normal and doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Zhao M, Qian D, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Liu P, Su SL, Duan JA, Du L, Tao J. Comparative pharmacokinetics of the main compounds of Shanzhuyu extract after oral administration in normal and chronic kidney disease rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 173:280-6. [PMID: 26231452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pharmacokinetic studies on traditional Chinese medicine are useful to evaluate and predict the drug efficacy and safety. The renal impairment may affect drug clearance and other pharmacokinetic processes which can increase toxicity and drug to drug interactions or cause ineffective therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies in pathological status rats might be meaningful for revealing the action mechanism and improving clinical medication of the herb medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of morroniside and loganin in normal and doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat plasma after oral administration of Shanzhuyu (fruit of Cornus officinalis) extract. RESULTS Both calibration curves gave satisfactory linearity (r>0.99) at linear range of 1.96-1962.5ngmL(-1) for morroniside, 1.53-1531.25ngmL(-1) for loganin. The precision and accuracy of the in vivo study were assessed by intra-day and inter-day assays. The percentages of relative standard deviation (RSD) were all within 9.58% and the accuracy (RE) was in the -6.02% to 8.11% range. The extraction recoveries of morroniside, loganin and internal standard (IS) were all >67.62% and the matrix effects ranged from 95.07% to 102.75%. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic behavior of morroniside and loganin in normal and CKD rat plasma was determined in this paper. The significant different pharmacokinetic parameters might partly result from the changes of P-glycoprotein and metabolic enzymes in the pathological state. The pharmacokinetic research in the pathological state might provide more useful information to guide the clinical usage of the herb medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Durand-Hulak M, Dugrand A, Duval T, Bidel LPR, Jay-Allemand C, Froelicher Y, Bourgaud F, Fanciullino AL. Mapping the genetic and tissular diversity of 64 phenolic compounds in Citrus species using a UPLC-MS approach. Ann Bot 2015; 115:861-77. [PMID: 25757470 PMCID: PMC4373293 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phenolic compounds contribute to food quality and have potential health benefits. Consequently, they are an important target of selection for Citrus species. Numerous studies on this subject have revealed new molecules, potential biosynthetic pathways and linkage between species. Although polyphenol profiles are correlated with gene expression, which is responsive to developmental and environmental cues, these factors are not monitored in most studies. A better understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and its regulation requires more information about environmental conditions, tissue specificity and connections between competing sub-pathways. This study proposes a rapid method, from sampling to analysis, that allows the quantitation of multiclass phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars. METHODS Leaves and fruits of 11 cultivated citrus of commercial interest were collected from adult trees grown in an experimental orchard. Sixty-four phenolic compounds were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Combining data from vegetative tissues with data from fruit tissues improved cultivar classification based on polyphenols. The analysis of metabolite distribution highlighted the massive accumulation of specific phenolic compounds in leaves and the external part of the fruit pericarp, which reflects their involvement in plant defence. The overview of the biosynthetic pathway obtained confirmed some regulatory steps, for example those catalysed by rhamnosyltransferases. The results suggest that three other steps are responsible for the different metabolite profiles in 'Clementine' and 'Star Ruby' grapefruit. CONCLUSIONS The method described provides a high-throughput method to study the distribution of phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars in Citrus, and offers the opportunity to investigate their regulation and physiological roles. The method was validated in four different tissues and allowed the identification and quantitation of 64 phenolic compounds in 20 min, which represents an improvement over existing methods of analysing multiclass polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Durand-Hulak
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Audray Dugrand
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Thibault Duval
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Luc P R Bidel
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Christian Jay-Allemand
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Yann Froelicher
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fanciullino
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France
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Huo T, Chen X, Lu X, Qu L, Liu Y, Cai S. An effective assessment of valproate sodium-induced hepatotoxicity with UPLC-MS and (1)HNMR-based metabonomics approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:109-16. [PMID: 25168794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Valproate sodium is one of the most prescribed antiepileptic drugs. However, valproate sodium has various side effects, especially its toxicity on liver. Current markers for toxicity reflect mostly the late stages of tissue damage; thus, more efficient methods for toxicity evaluation are desired. To evaluate the toxicity of valproate sodium on liver, we performed both UPLC-MS and (1)HNMR-based metabonomics analysis of serum samples from 34 epileptic patients (age: 42.0±18.6, 18 male/16 female) after valproate sodium treatment. Compared to conventional markers, the serum metabolic profiles provided clear distinction of the valproate sodium induced normal liver function and abnormal liver function in epileptic patients. Through multivariate statistical analysis, we identified marker metabolites associated with the hepatotoxicity induced by valproate sodium, such as glucose, lactate, acetoacetate, VLDL/LDL, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, choline, creatine, amino acids, N-acetyl glycoprotein, pyruvate and uric acid. This metabonomics approach may provide effective way to evaluate the valproate sodium-induced toxicity in a manner that can complement current measures. This approach is expected to find broader application in other drug-induced toxicity assessment.
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Laourdakis CD, Merino EF, Neilson AP, Cassera MB. Comprehensive quantitative analysis of purines and pyrimidines in the human malaria parasite using ion-pairing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:127-33. [PMID: 25089957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeted metabolite profiling has aided in the understanding of a variety of biological processes in the malaria parasite as well as in drug discovery. A fast and sensitive analytical method, based on ion-pairing reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IP-RP-UPLC-MS/MS), was optimized for the simultaneous analysis of intracellular levels of 35 purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. This analytical method allows for chromatographic separation of highly polar metabolites using reverse phase chemistry within 15 min. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated and successfully applied to the quantification of purines and pyrimidines in Plasmodium falciparum and its host cell, the human erythrocyte. In addition, this method can be customized to include other related metabolites such as NADPH and NADP, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Laourdakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Emilio F Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Maria B Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Bratan A, Mincea MM, Lupşa IR, Pirtea MG, Ostafe V. Assessment of nicotine for second hand smoke exposure in some public places in Romania by UPLC-MS. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:29. [PMID: 24839459 PMCID: PMC4024117 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air nicotine monitoring is a well-known procedure for estimation of exposure to second hand smoke. Few research studies were realized in Romania to evaluate environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of humans in different public places. The levels of airborne nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine and nicotine levels of some subjects were analyzed. In order to better implement/enforce the European legislation regarding the interdiction of smoking in the public places the national authorities need a rapid and reliable analytical method to quickly asses the state of the pollution with cigarette smoke of these populated areas. RESULTS The nicotine concentration in the air from different types of public buildings was determined. The median concentration of nicotine in the air from 32 pubs where the smoking was allowed was 590 ng · L(-1), comparing with the pubs where the smoking was not permitted (22 locations) where the median concentration of nicotine was only 32 ng · L(-1). Similarly, the median concentration of nicotine in restaurants where the smoking was allowed (23 locations) was 510 ng · L(-1), in comparison with the restaurants where the smoking was prohibited (11 places) where the median value was 19 ng · L(-1). The lowest concentrations of nicotine were found in high schools (8 locations, median concentration 7.4 ng · L(-1)), universities (5 locations, 23 ng · L(-1)) and hospitals (6 locations, 16 ng · L(-1)). CONCLUSIONS The method was validated and gave good linearity, precision, accuracy and limit of detection. The buildings included hospitals, high schools, universities, pubs and restaurants. The presence of air nicotine was recorded in all buildings studied. The highest median levels of air nicotine were found in pubs and restaurants. The presence of air nicotine in indoor public buildings indicates weak implementation of the smoke free law in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bratan
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
- National Institute of Public Health, Regional Center of Public Health, Timisoara, Victor Babes str. 16, Timisoara 300226, Romania
| | - Manuela Maria Mincea
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Ioana-Rodica Lupşa
- National Institute of Public Health, Regional Center of Public Health, Timisoara, Victor Babes str. 16, Timisoara 300226, Romania
| | - Marilen-Gabriel Pirtea
- West University of Timisoara, Multidisciplinary Research Platform “Nicholas Georges - Roegen”, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
- West University of Timisoara, Multidisciplinary Research Platform “Nicholas Georges - Roegen”, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
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Farag MA, Weigend M, Luebert F, Brokamp G, Wessjohann LA. Phytochemical, phylogenetic, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 43 Urtica accessions (stinging nettle) based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomic profiles. Phytochemistry 2013; 96:170-183. [PMID: 24169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several species of the genus Urtica (especially Urtica dioica, Urticaceae), are used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments. To better understand the chemical diversity of the genus and to compare different accessions and different taxa of Urtica, 63 leaf samples representing a broad geographical, taxonomical and morphological diversity were evaluated under controlled conditions. A molecular phylogeny for all taxa investigated was prepared to compare phytochemical similarity with phylogenetic relatedness. Metabolites were analyzed via UPLC-PDA-MS and multivariate data analyses. In total, 43 metabolites were identified, with phenolic compounds and hydroxy fatty acids as the dominant substance groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) provides a first structured chemotaxonomy of the genus. The molecular data present a highly resolved phylogeny with well-supported clades and subclades. U. dioica is retrieved as both para- and polyphyletic. European members of the U. dioica group and the North American subspecies share a rather similar metabolite profile and were largely retrieved as one, nearly exclusive cluster by metabolite data. This latter cluster also includes - remotely related - Urtica urens, which is pharmaceutically used in the same way as U. dioica. However, most highly supported phylogenetic clades were not retrieved in the metabolite cluster analyses. Overall, metabolite profiles indicate considerable phytochemical diversity in the genus, which largely falls into a group characterized by high contents of hydroxy fatty acids (e.g., most Andean-American taxa) and another group characterized by high contents of phenolic acids (especially the U. dioica-clade). Anti-inflammatory in vitro COX1 enzyme inhibition assays suggest that bioactivity may be predicted by gross metabolic profiling in Urtica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120Halle (Saale), Germany
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Xu WA, Yin L, Pan HY, Shi L, Xu L, Zhang X, Duan JA. Study on the correlation between constituents detected in serum from Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and the reduction of uric acid levels in hyperuricemia. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:747-754. [PMID: 24140588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) has been used in the clinical treatment of gout and hyperuricemia in China for thousands of years. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that RSG exhibits hypouricemic effects because of its significant inhibitory effect on the activity of xanthine oxidase. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae extract (RSGE) at 1 mL/100g oral administration was demonstrated to possess in vivo potent hypouricemic effects in hyperuricemic rats pretreated with oxonic acid potassium salt (200 mg/kg, 2 mL/kg). UPLC-MS was used to identify the constituents absorbed in the serum. In addition, a bivariate correlation analysis between the changes in the relative contents of the constituents from RSGE detected by HPLC and the serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats at different points in time was used to calculate their correlation coefficients. RESULTS A total of 14 constituents were observed in the RSGE-treated rat serum, and 11 of these were inferred. An RSGE constituent was considered correlated with the hypouricemic effects if its correlation coefficient was above 0.5. The results suggested that only seven of the constituents absorbed in the serum of the hyperuricemic rats were correlated with hypouricemic effects, namely, palmitic acid, 3'-O-methyltaxifolin glucuronide, 3'-O-methyiastilbin glucuronide, astilbin glucuronide, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid glucuronide, resveratrol glucuronide, and dihydrokaempferol. CONCLUSION These findings provide potent evidence for the study on RSG as a pharmacodynamic material basis and for developing RSG as a safe and promising natural drug to prevent hyperuricemia and gout instead of allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ai Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Hidalgo PI, Ullán RV, Albillos SM, Montero O, Fernández-Bodega MÁ, García-Estrada C, Fernández-Aguado M, Martín JF. Molecular characterization of the PR-toxin gene cluster in Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium chrysogenum: cross talk of secondary metabolite pathways. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 62:11-24. [PMID: 24239699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PR-toxin is a potent mycotoxin produced by Penicillium roqueforti in moulded grains and grass silages and may contaminate blue-veined cheese. The PR-toxin derives from the 15 carbon atoms sesquiterpene aristolochene formed by the aristolochene synthase (encoded by ari1). We have cloned and sequenced a four gene cluster that includes the ari1 gene from P. roqueforti. Gene silencing of each of the four genes (named prx1 to prx4) resulted in a reduction of 65-75% in the production of PR-toxin indicating that the four genes encode enzymes involved in PR-toxin biosynthesis. Interestingly the four silenced mutants overproduce large amounts of mycophenolic acid, an antitumor compound formed by an unrelated pathway suggesting a cross-talk of PR-toxin and mycophenolic acid production. An eleven gene cluster that includes the above mentioned four prx genes and a 14-TMS drug/H(+) antiporter was found in the genome of Penicillium chrysogenum. This eleven gene cluster has been reported to be very poorly expressed in a transcriptomic study of P. chrysogenum genes under conditions of penicillin production (strongly aerated cultures). We found that this apparently silent gene cluster is able to produce PR-toxin in P. chrysogenum under static culture conditions on hydrated rice medium. Noteworthily, the production of PR-toxin was 2.6-fold higher in P. chrysogenum npe10, a strain deleted in the 56.8kb amplifiable region containing the pen gene cluster, than in the parental strain Wisconsin 54-1255 providing another example of cross-talk between secondary metabolite pathways in this fungus. A detailed PR-toxin biosynthesis pathway is proposed based on all available evidence.
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Li J, Wang S, Wang M, Shi W, Du X, Sun C. The toxicity of 3-chloropropane-1,2-dipalmitate in Wistar rats and a metabonomics analysis of rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:337-45. [PMID: 24140137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD) fatty acid esters can release free 3-MCPD in a certain condition. Free 3-MCPD is a well-known food contaminant and is toxicological well characterized, however, in contrast to free 3-MCPD, the toxicological characterization of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters is puzzling. In this study, toxicological and metabonomics studies of 3-chloropropane-1,2-dipalmitate(3-MCPD dipalmitate) were carried out based on an acute oral toxicity test, a 90-day feeding test and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis. The LD50 value of 3-MCPD dipalmitate was determined to be 1780 mg/kg body weight (bw) for Wistar rats. The results of the 90-day feeding test in male Wistar rats showed that 3-MCPD dipalmitate caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the high-dose group (267 mg/kg bw/day) compared to control rats. Renal tubular epithelium cell degeneration and renal tubular hyaline cast accumulation were the major histopathological changes in rats administered 3-MCPD dipalmitate. Urine samples obtained after the 90-day feeding test and analyzed by UPLC-MS showed that the differences in metabolic profiles between control and treated rats were clearly distinguished by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the chromatographic data. Five metabolite biomarkers which had earlier and significant variations had been identified, they were first considered to be the early, sensitive biomarkers in evaluating the effect of 3-MCPD dipalmitate exposure, and the possible mechanism of these biomarkers variation was elucidated. The combination of histopathological examination, clinical chemistry and metabolomics analyses in rats resulted in a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the long-term toxicity of 3-MCPD dipalmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Li
- Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, PR China
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Zhang ZH, Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Dai Z, Zhou C, Bai X, Lin RC. General toxicity of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Berit. in rat: a metabonomic method for profiling of serum metabolic changes. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:303-310. [PMID: 23831079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE BX is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the plant Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Berit. It has been traditionally used to treat cough, vomiting, infection and inflammation. Despite of its potentially clinical utility, it also has many side effects and toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY We propose here an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS) metabonomics approach to elucidate the toxicity in rats induced by orally administered BX in multiple organs including the kidney, liver, and heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were collected from Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to BX (6g/kg/day, n=10) and healthy controls (n=10) at the 48 h, 144 h, 240 h, and 336 h postdose for LC/MS analyses. Through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of the integrated serum MS data, we distinguished the BX group from the healthy control group and identified the differential metabolites and pertinent altered biological pathways in response to the herbal toxin. The liver, kidney, heart were assessed using conventional histopathological examinations at the end point of the experiment. The serum samples at the 336 h postdose were assessed using biochemistry test. RESULTS Significant differences in the serum levels of phospholipids, amino acids, L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine were observed in BX-induced rats, indicating the perturbations of phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carnitine metabolism in BX-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS In the paper, we used metabonomics approach to study the toxicity of BX for the first time. With blood biochemistry, histopathological examinations and metabonomics methods, we validated that oral administration of crude BX caused no obvious liver and kidney toxicity in SD rats. BX may possess certain cardio toxicity in SD rats. The metabolism changes suggested that metabonomic approach was a promising tool to study and diagnose TCM-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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