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Shakhmurov VB, Kurulay M, Sahmurova A, Gursesli MC, Lanata A. Interaction of Virus in Cancer Patients: A Theoretical Dynamic Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020224. [PMID: 36829718 PMCID: PMC9952378 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a phase-space analysis of a mathematical model of tumor growth with the interaction between virus and immune response. In this study, a mathematical determination was attempted to demonstrate the relationship between uninfected cells, infected cells, effector immune cells, and free viruses using a dynamic model. We revealed the stability analysis of the system and the Lyapunov stability of the equilibrium points. Moreover, all endemic equilibrium point models are derived. We investigated the stability behavior and the range of attraction sets of the nonlinear systems concerning our model. Furthermore, a global stability analysis is proved either in the construction of a Lyapunov function showing the validity of the concerned disease-free equilibria or in endemic equilibria discussed by the model. Finally, a simulated solution is achieved and the relationship between cancer cells and other cells is drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli B. Shakhmurov
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Ciplakli Mahallesi Farabi Caddesi 23 Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey
- Center of Analytical-Information Resource, Azerbaijan State Economic University, 194 M. Mukhtarov, Baku AZ1001, Azerbaijan
| | - Muhammet Kurulay
- Department of Mathematics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34225, Turkey
| | - Aida Sahmurova
- Department of Nursing, Antalya Bilim University, Ciplakli Mahallesi Farabi Caddesi 23 Dosemealti, Antalya 07190, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Can Gursesli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanata
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ministrini S, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Updating concepts on atherosclerotic inflammation: From pathophysiology to treatment. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13467. [PMID: 33259635 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is recognized as a systemic low-grade inflammatory disease. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response and its timely resolution is a pivotal process in determining the clinical manifestations of cardiac and cerebral acute ischaemia following atherothrombosis. METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched on PubMed up to October 2020. The search terms we used were as follows: "atherosclerosis, inflammation, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke" in combination with "biomarker, inflammatory cells and molecules, treatment." RESULTS The expected goal of addressing inflammation for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its acute ischaemic complications is reducing mortality and morbidity related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which are currently the first cause of death and disability worldwide. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence about the main cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation in atherogenesis, atherothrombosis and acute ischaemic complications, with particular focus on the potential molecular targets for novel pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSION Although a large amount of evidence from animal models of atherothrombotic disease, and promising results of clinical trials, anti-inflammatory treatments against atherosclerosis are not yet recommended. A deepest understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mechanisms driving resolution of the acute inflammation will probably allow to identify the optimal molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ministrini
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Recent studies have reported that commensal microorganisms are not just “passive occupants” but may play a crucial role in the immune system activation. It is well-known that in critically ill patients, the microbiome is modified and may be associated with the development of immunosuppression in sepsis, contributing to the development of acute renal injury, cardiovascular diseases, or more importantly, respiratory system disturbances. The conviction of lung sterility has gone down in history. The presence of characteristic gut microbiome, such as Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae, was demonstrated in lungs of critically ill patients. This bacteria’s translocation, especially in ischemia-reperfusion injury, results in increased concentration of inflammation response markers and may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory system disturbances, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recent studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury is often observed in intensive care units (ICUs) and predispose to microbiome disturbances that are strictly connected with immune system activation and epithelial damage. Potential effects of dysbiosis treatment are under highly activated investigation. Therefore, it is possible that microbiota-targeted therapy may constitute the future therapeutic path in ICUs.
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Ocansey DKW, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1287-1307. [PMID: 32410383 PMCID: PMC7540363 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut mucosal barriers, including chemical and physical barriers, spatially separate the gut microbiota from the host immune system to prevent unwanted immune responses that could lead to intestinal inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is mucosal barrier dysfunction coupled with immune dysregulation and dysbiosis. The discovery of exosomes as regulators of vital functions in both physiological and pathological processes has generated much research interest. Interestingly, exosomes not only serve as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of functional RNAs, proteins, and synthetic drugs or molecules, but also show potential for clinical applications in tissue repair and regeneration as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Biological or chemical modification of exosomes can broaden, change and enhance their therapeutic capability. We review the modulatory effects of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids on IBD components such as immune cells, the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Mechanisms involved in regulating these factors towards attenuating IBD have been explored in several studies employing exosomes derived from different sources. We discuss the potential utility of exosomes as diagnostic markers and drug delivery systems, as well as the application of modified exosomes in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson K. W. Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, PMBCape CoastGhana
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
- Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu211200China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of MedicineJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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Mahassni SH, Alajlany KA. Water Pipe Smoking Affects Young Females and Males Differently with Some Effects on Immune System Cells, but None for C-reactive Protein, Thyroid Hormones, and Vitamin D. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:31-41. [PMID: 32801598 PMCID: PMC7397996 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_271_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Water pipe smoking (WPS) is a major health threat leading to higher mortality, morbidity, and incidence of many diseases, such as inflammatory, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; and cancers. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of WPS on the immune system, inflammatory markers, lipids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormones in female and male WP smokers, and compared to nonsmokers of both sexes. No other studies showed the differences between female and male WP smokers for the parameters investigated here, with the exception of the lipid profile. Methodology: The study was carried on 76 randomly chosen subjects (17 female and 17 male WP smokers, 21 female and 21 male nonsmokers) living in Saudi Arabia with an age range of 20–35 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the differential complete blood counts; lipid profiles; and C-reactive protein, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and vitamin D concentrations. Results: Results showed no significant differences between female smokers and nonsmokers for all parameters. Male smokers had a significantly lower mean monocytes count and a significantly higher mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration compared to male nonsmokers. Comparing females and males among smokers and nonsmokers separately, the only significant difference in the parameters that was not found in both comparisons was a significantly lower mean basophil count in female nonsmokers compared to male nonsmokers. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the effects of WPS were limited to males with immune cells and hematology minimally affected, and that females and males were affected differently by WPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan H Mahassni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A Alajlany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tokarz-Deptuła B, Malinowska M, Adamiak M, Deptuła W. Coronins and their role in immunological phenomena. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:435-41. [PMID: 28450807 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronins are a large family of proteins occurring in many eukaryotes. In mammals, seven coronin genes have been identified, evidencing that coronins 1 to 6 present classic coronin structure, while coronin 7 is a tandem coronin particle, without a spiral domain, although the best characterised coronin, in terms of both structure and function, is the mammalian coronin 1. It has been proven that they are related to regulation of actin dynamics, e.g. as a result of interaction with the complex of proteins Arp2/3. These proteins also modulate the activity of immune system cells, including lymphocyte T and B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. They are involved in bacterial infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae and Helicobacter pylori and participate in the response to viral infections, e.g. infections of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSV). Also their involvement in autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus has been recorded.
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Salvadori C, Finlayson J, Trogu T, Formenti N, Lanfranchi P, Citterio C, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Poli A, Chianini F. Characterization of Immune System Cell Subsets in Fixed Tissues from Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:207-212. [PMID: 27476109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune system cell subsets in lymph nodes and spleen from alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra subspecies rupicapra) living in the Italian Alps were characterized immunohistochemically. Seven primary antibodies (against human CD3, CD79αcy, CD68, or ovine CD4, CD8, CD21 and γδ T-cell receptor [TCR] epitopes) were tested on tissues fixed either in formalin or in zinc salts (ZS) and cross-reactivity with chamois immune cell epitopes was shown. ZS fixation allowed wider identification of immune cells, without the need for antigen retrieval. CD4(+) and CD21(+) cells were labelled only in ZS-fixed tissues. Reagents specific for human CD3, CD79 and CD68 antigens successfully detected chamois immune cells, both in ZS-fixed and formalin-fixed tissues. The reactivity and distribution of immune cells in lymph nodes and spleen were similar to those described in other domestic and wild ruminants. Results from this study may allow future investigation of the immune response and pathogenesis of diseases in the chamois.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salvadori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Finlayson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Trogu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Milan University, Via Festa del Perdono, Milano, Italy
| | - N Formenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Milan University, Via Festa del Perdono, Milano, Italy
| | - P Lanfranchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Milan University, Via Festa del Perdono, Milano, Italy
| | - C Citterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Sezione di Belluno, Via M. Cappellari, Belluno, Italy
| | - J Palarea-Albaladejo
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, JCMB, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Chianini
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh, UK.
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Koulis A, Trivedi P, Ibrahim H, Bower M, Naresh KN. The role of the microenvironment in human immunodeficiency virus-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Histopathology 2014; 65:749-56. [PMID: 24809535 DOI: 10.1111/his.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). The objective was to identify and then quantify the immune cells present in the microenvironment. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten samples of cHL from PLWH were compared with 10 samples of cHL from the general population using tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemistry. Sections were immunostained with antibodies for CD30, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68R, CD56, CD57, CD123, FoxP3 and granzyme B. A statistically significant reduction of CD4(+) T cells, CD56(+) cells, CD57(+) cells, CD123(+) cells and B cells and an increase in numbers in FoxP3(+) CD8(+) cells was observed in cHL diagnosed in PLWH. No significant differences were seen in the number of CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) FoxP3(+) T cells and macrophages. CONCLUSION There are considerable differences in the microenvironment of cHL occurring with and without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Koulis
- Imperial College, Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Abstract
Leukocytes are major cellular effectors of the immune response. To accomplish this task, these cells display a vast arsenal of proteinases, among which, members of the MMP family are especially important. Leukocytes express several members of the MMP family, including secreted- and membrane-anchored MT- MMPs, which synergistically orchestrate an appropriate proteolytic reaction that ultimately modulates immunological responses. The MT-MMP subfamily comprises TM- and GPI-anchored proteinases, which are targeted to well-defined membrane microdomains and exhibit different substrate specificities. Whereas much information exists on the biological roles of secreted MMPs in leukocytes, the roles of MT-MMPs remain relatively obscure. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression of MT-MMPs in leukocyte and their contribution to the immune responses and to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica Facultad de Química, Gral. Flores 2124, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay CP 11800.
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