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Zhang H, Deng J, Cai Z, He Y. Association between white blood cells and ultra-early hematoma growth in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28554. [PMID: 38586340 PMCID: PMC10998103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-early inflammatory reaction after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) plays an important role in the coagulation process and is closely related to early hematoma expansion. However, the relationship between ultra-early hematoma growth (uHG) and ultra-early inflammatory reaction remains unknown. Objective To evaluate the association between ultra-early inflammatory indicators and uHG in patients with sICH. Methods We retrospectively included 225 patients with acute sICH who were divided into the uHG ≤4.7 ml/h group and the uHG >4.7 ml/h group, respectively. The uHG was defined as hematoma volume (milliliter) at the primary computed tomography (CT) scan divided by time (hour) from onset to the performance of primary CT within 6 h after onset. The white blood cells (WBC), blood hypersensitive C-reactive protein, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and other related baseline data were collected and compared between the two groups. The multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the independent risk factors for uHG >4.7 ml/h. Results NIHSS score and WBC were independent risk factors for uHG in patients with acute sICH (OR 1.188, 95% CI: 1.111-1.271, p < 0.001; OR 1.151, 95% CI: 1.018-1.300, p = 0.024; respectively). The area under curve of ROC for WBC and NIHSS score was 0.658 and 0.754, respectively (all p < 0.001), while the WBC combined with NIHSS score was 0.773 (p < 0.001). Conclusion WBC count within 6h after onset might be an independent risk factor for the increase of uHG in patients with sICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhili Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitao He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Anand V, Gupta S, Koundal D, Alghamdi WY, Alsharbi BM. Deep learning-based image annotation for leukocyte segmentation and classification of blood cell morphology. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38589793 PMCID: PMC11003052 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The research focuses on the segmentation and classification of leukocytes, a crucial task in medical image analysis for diagnosing various diseases. The leukocyte dataset comprises four classes of images such as monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Leukocyte segmentation is achieved through image processing techniques, including background subtraction, noise removal, and contouring. To get isolated leukocytes, background mask creation, Erythrocytes mask creation, and Leukocytes mask creation are performed on the blood cell images. Isolated leukocytes are then subjected to data augmentation including brightness and contrast adjustment, flipping, and random shearing, to improve the generalizability of the CNN model. A deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is employed on augmented dataset for effective feature extraction and classification. The deep CNN model consists of four convolutional blocks having eleven convolutional layers, eight batch normalization layers, eight Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) layers, and four dropout layers to capture increasingly complex patterns. For this research, a publicly available dataset from Kaggle consisting of a total of 12,444 images of four types of leukocytes was used to conduct the experiments. Results showcase the robustness of the proposed framework, achieving impressive performance metrics with an accuracy of 97.98% and precision of 97.97%. These outcomes affirm the efficacy of the devised segmentation and classification approach in accurately identifying and categorizing leukocytes. The combination of advanced CNN architecture and meticulous pre-processing steps establishes a foundation for future developments in the field of medical image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Anand
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sheifali Gupta
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Koundal
- School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
- Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Wael Y Alghamdi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan M Alsharbi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Garcia-Lamont F, Lopez-Chau A, Cervantes J, Ruiz S. Nucleus segmentation of white blood cells in blood smear images by modeling the pixels' intensities as a set of three Gaussian distributions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03065-4. [PMID: 38584206 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The precise segmentation of white blood cells (WBCs) within blood smear images is a significant challenge with implications for both medical research and image processing. Of particular importance is the often neglected task of accurately segmenting WBC nuclei, an aspect that currently lacks dedicated methodologies. This paper introduces a straightforward and efficient method designed to fill this critical gap, providing an effective solution for the efficient segmentation of WBC nuclei. In blood smear imagery, the distinctive coloration of WBCs contrasts with the hues of other blood components. The inherent obscurity of WBCs prompts their segmentation by isolating pixels with minimal intensities. To streamline this process, our proposed method employs the Laplacian pyramid technique to decorrelate pixels in blood smear images, thereby amplifying the contrast. Subsequently, the intensities of pixels constituting blood cells, encompassing WBCs and the background, are modeled using three Gaussian random variables. Capitalizing on this feature, we implement the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering method to determine the optimal threshold value, facilitating a highly precise segmentation of WBC nuclei. The proposed method demonstrates the capability to process images containing a single WBC as well as effectively functioning with images containing multiple cells of this type. Evaluation of the method on the ALL-IDB, ALL-IDB2, CellaVision, and JTSC datasets yielded accuracy values of 0.9802, 0.9725, 0.9772, and 0.9730, respectively. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art methods revealed a notably comparable performance, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The method presented in this article is highly competitive for segmenting the nuclei of WBCs compared to state-of-the-art methods. The three main advantages of our method are its ability to process images containing one or more WBCs, the automatic calculation of threshold values for each processed image, eliminating the need for manual parameter adjustments. Lastly, the method is efficient, as its algorithmic complexity is approximately O ( n m ) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Garcia-Lamont
- Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Av. Jardin Zumpango, s/n, Fraccionamiento El Tejocote, Texcoco, CP 56259, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Asdrubal Lopez-Chau
- Centro Universitario UAEM Zumpango. Research Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Camino Viejo a Jilotzingo, continuacion Calle Rayon, Zumpango, CP 55600, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Jair Cervantes
- Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Av. Jardin Zumpango, s/n, Fraccionamiento El Tejocote, Texcoco, CP 56259, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Av. Jardin Zumpango, s/n, Fraccionamiento El Tejocote, Texcoco, CP 56259, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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Watcharanurak P, Mutirangura A, Aksornkitti V, Bhummaphan N, Puttipanyalears C. The high FKBP1A expression in WBCs as a potential screening biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7888. [PMID: 38570626 PMCID: PMC10991374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the limitation of current routine approaches for pancreatic cancer screening and detection, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer cases is still critical. The development of blood-based molecular biomarkers for pancreatic cancer screening and early detection which provide less-invasive, high-sensitivity, and cost-effective, is urgently needed. The goal of this study is to identify and validate the potential molecular biomarkers in white blood cells (WBCs) of pancreatic cancer patients. Gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer patients from NCBI GEO database were analyzed by CU-DREAM. Then, mRNA expression levels of three candidate genes were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in WBCs of pancreatic cancer patients (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 51). ROC analysis was performed to assess the performance of each candidate gene. A total of 29 upregulated genes were identified and three selected genes were performed gene expression analysis. Our results revealed high mRNA expression levels in WBCs of pancreatic cancer patients in all selected genes, including FKBP1A (p < 0.0001), PLD1 (p < 0.0001), and PSMA4 (p = 0.0002). Among candidate genes, FKBP1A mRNA expression level was remarkably increased in the pancreatic cancer samples and also in the early stage (p < 0.0001). Moreover, FKBP1A showed the greatest performance to discriminate patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy individuals than other genes with the 88.9% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity, and 90.1% accuracy. Our findings demonstrated that the alteration of FKBP1A gene in WBCs serves as a novel valuable biomarker for patients with pancreatic cancer. Detection of FKBP1A mRNA expression level in circulating WBCs, providing high-sensitive, less-invasive, and cost-effective, is simple and feasible for routine clinical setting that can be applied for pancreatic cancer screening and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vitavat Aksornkitti
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narumol Bhummaphan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Sabbasastravicaya Building, Phayathai Road. Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Charoenchai Puttipanyalears
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Eshel YD, Sharaha U, Beck G, Cohen-Logasi G, Lapidot I, Huleihel M, Mordechai S, Kapelushnik J, Salman A. Monitoring the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in febrile pediatric oncology patients with bacteremia using infrared spectroscopy of white blood cells-based machine learning. Talanta 2024; 270:125619. [PMID: 38199122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteremia refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, which can lead to a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. In oncology patients, individuals undergoing cancer treatment have a higher risk of developing bacteremia due to a weakened immune system resulting from the disease itself or the treatments they receive. Prompt and accurate detection of bacterial infections and monitoring the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy are essential for enhancing patient outcomes and preventing the development and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Traditional methods of infection monitoring, such as blood cultures and clinical observations, are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often subject to limitations. This manuscript presents an innovative application of infrared spectroscopy of leucocytes of pediatric oncology patients with bacteremia combined with machine learning to diagnose the etiology of infection as bacterial and simultaneously monitor the efficacy of the antibiotic therapy in febrile pediatric oncology patients with bacteremia infections. Through the implementation of effective monitoring, it becomes possible to promptly identify any indications of treatment failure. This, in turn, indirectly serves to limit the progression of antibiotic resistance. The logistic regression (LR) classifier was able to differentiate the samples as bacterial or control within an hour, after receiving the blood samples with a success rate of over 95 %. Additionally, initial findings indicate that employing infrared spectroscopy of white blood cells (WBCs) along with machine learning is viable for monitoring the success of antibiotic therapy. Our follow up results demonstrate an accuracy of 87.5 % in assessing the effectiveness of the antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam D Eshel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saban Pediatric Medical Center Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Uraib Sharaha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel; Department of Biology, Science and Technology College, Hebron University, Hebron, P760, Palestine
| | - Guy Beck
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saban Pediatric Medical Center Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Gal Cohen-Logasi
- Department of Green Engineering, SCE-Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Itshak Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing, Afeka Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv, 69107, Israel; LIA Avignon Université, 339 Chemin des Meinajaries, Avignon, 84000, France
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shaul Mordechai
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Joseph Kapelushnik
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saban Pediatric Medical Center Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE-Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 84100, Israel.
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Daria C, Lancaster G, Murphy AJ, Henderson LA, Dawood T, Macefield VG. Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and rapid increases in circulating leukocytes during experimental muscle pain. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:227-231. [PMID: 38227276 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Daria
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tye Dawood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Central Clinical School, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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7
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Jabrah D, Rossi R, Molina S, Douglas A, Pandit A, McCarthy R, Gilvarry M, Ceder E, Fitzgerald S, Dunker D, Nordanstig A, Redfors P, Tatlisumak T, O'Hare A, Power S, Brennan P, Owens P, Nagy A, Vadász Á, De Meyer SF, Tsivgoulis G, Psychogios K, Szikora I, Jood K, Rentzos A, Thornton J, Doyle K. White blood cell subtypes and neutrophil extracellular traps content as biomarkers for stroke etiology in acute ischemic stroke clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy. Thromb Res 2024; 234:1-8. [PMID: 38113606 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associate with stroke risk factors and form a thrombus through different mechanisms. We investigated the total WBCs, WBC subtypes and NETs composition in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) clots to identify possible etiological differences that could help us further understand the process of thrombosis that leads to AIS. METHODS AIS clots from 100 cases each of atherothrombotic (AT), cardioembolic (CE) and cryptogenic stroke etiology were collected per-pass as part of the CÚRAM RESTORE registry of AIS clots. Martius Scarlet Blue stain was used to identify the main histological components of the clots. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and NETs patterns. The cellular and histological components were quantified using Orbit Image Analysis software. RESULTS AT clots were larger, with more red blood cells and fewer WBCs than CE clots. AT clots had more lymphocytes and cryptogenic clots had fewer macrophages than other etiologies. Most significantly, CE clots showed higher expression of neutrophils and extracellular web-like NETs compared to AT and cryptogenic clots. There was also a significantly higher distribution of web-like NETs around the periphery of the CE clots while a mixed distribution was observed in AT clots. CONCLUSION The difference in neutrophil and NETs expression in clots from different etiologies may provide insight into the mechanism of clot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Jabrah
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM-SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sara Molina
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM-SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Douglas
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM-SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ray McCarthy
- Cerenovus, Galway Neuro Technology Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Eric Ceder
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seán Fitzgerald
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dennis Dunker
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordanstig
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Redfors
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan O'Hare
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Power
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Brennan
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Owens
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - András Nagy
- Department of Neurointerventions, National Institute of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vadász
- Department of Neurointerventions, National Institute of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Istvan Szikora
- Department of Neurointerventions, National Institute of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Rentzos
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Thornton
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Doyle
- Department of Physiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM-SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Fortis SP, Batrinou A, Georgatzakou HT, Tsamesidis I, Alvanidis G, Papageorgiou EG, Stamoulis K, Gkiliopoulos D, Pouroutzidou GK, Theocharidou A, Kontonasaki E, Kriebardis AG. Effect of silica-based mesoporous nanomaterials on human blood cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110784. [PMID: 37939894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Different mesoporous nanomaterials (MSNs) are constantly being developed for a range of therapeutic purposes, but they invariably interact with blood components and may cause hazardous side effects. Therefore, when designing and developing nanoparticles for biomedical applications, hemocompatibility should be one of the primary goals to assess their toxicity at the cellular level of all blood components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of human blood cells (erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes) after exposure to silica-based mesoporous nanomaterials that had been manufactured using the sol-gel method, with Ca and Ce as doping elements. The viability of lymphocytes and monocytes was unaffected by the presence of MSNs at any concentration. However, it was found that all nanomaterials, at all concentrations, reduced the viability of granulocytes. P-selectin expression of all MSNs at all concentrations was statistically significantly higher in platelet incubation on the first day of storage (day 1) compared to the control. When incubated with MSNs, preserved platelets displayed higher levels of iROS at all MSNs types and concentrations examined. Ce-containing MSNs presented a slightly better hemocompatibility, although it was also dose dependent. Further research is required to determine how the unique characteristics of MSNs may affect various blood components in order to design safe and effective MSNs for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios P Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Anthimia Batrinou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Hara T Georgatzakou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigorios Alvanidis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Effie G Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Gkiliopoulos
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia K Pouroutzidou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Theocharidou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece.
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Parker N, Cheng W, Hindley GFL, O'Connell KS, Karthikeyan S, Holen B, Shadrin AA, Rahman Z, Karadag N, Bahrami S, Lin A, Steen NE, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Smeland OB, Frei O, Andreassen OA. Genetic Overlap Between Global Cortical Brain Structure, C-Reactive Protein, and White Blood Cell Counts. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:62-71. [PMID: 37348803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many brain disorders, a subset of patients jointly exhibit alterations in cortical brain structure and elevated levels of circulating immune markers. This may be driven in part by shared genetic architecture. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic and genetic associations linking global cortical surface area and thickness with blood immune markers (i.e., white blood cell counts and plasma C-reactive protein levels). METHODS Linear regression was used to assess phenotypic associations in 30,823 UK Biobank participants. Genome-wide and local genetic correlations were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression and local analysis of covariance annotation. The number of shared trait-influencing genetic variants was estimated using MiXeR. Shared genetic architecture was assessed using a conjunctional false discovery rate framework, and mapped genes were included in gene-set enrichment analyses. RESULTS Cortical structure and blood immune markers exhibited predominantly inverse phenotypic associations. There were modest genome-wide genetic correlations, the strongest of which were for C-reactive protein levels (rg_surface_area = -0.13, false discovery rate-corrected p = 4.17 × 10-3; rg_thickness = -0.13, false discovery rate-corrected p = 4.00 × 10-2). Meanwhile, local genetic correlations showed a mosaic of positive and negative associations. White blood cells shared on average 46.24% and 38.64% of trait-influencing genetic variants with surface area and thickness, respectively. Additionally, surface area shared 55 unique loci with the blood immune markers while thickness shared 15. Overall, monocyte count exhibited the largest genetic overlap with cortical brain structure. A series of gene enrichment analyses implicated neuronal-, astrocytic-, and schizophrenia-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate shared genetic underpinnings for cortical brain structure and blood immune markers, with implications for neurodevelopment and understanding the etiology of brain-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Parker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandeep Karthikeyan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naz Karadag
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aihua Lin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Kha VV, Ly TTH, Duy PDT, Hoa PTT, Cong BT. The Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment White Blood Cell and Platelet Counts for Survival Outcome in Primary Lung Cancer. Mater Sociomed 2024; 36:97-102. [PMID: 38590595 PMCID: PMC10999138 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2024.36.97-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Vietnam, lung cancer ranks second among common types of cancer. Although there have been many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, it is still one of the deadliest types of cancer. Objective We investigated the prognostic value of pretreatment white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts of patients with lung cancer. Methods This was a prospective, descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up. Data from 203 patients with stage IIIA-IV lung cancer presenting at Can Tho City Oncology Hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were analyzed. Complete blood cell counts were obtained using standard methods. Lung cancer diagnoses and histological classifications were obtained from cancer registries. The optimal overall survival cutoff point for pretreatment WBC and platelet counts was determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Results The median follow-up was 6 (interquartile range 4-8) months and the median age was 61.3 years. The number of male patients was higher than the number of female patients. Most (71.4%) patients had adenocarcinoma; 62.1% of the patients had a WBC count of > 10 × 109/L and 38.4% had a platelet count of > 400 × 109/L. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 8 months. The 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year OS was 88.7%, 62.4%, and 28.3%, respectively. Patients with a WBC count of <9.18 × 109/L had a higher OS than those with a count of ≥ 9.18 × 109/L (17 months versus 8 months; p < 0.001) Patients with a platelet count of < 453 × 109/L had a higher OS than those with a count of ≥ 453 × 109/L (8 months versus 7 months; p < 0.001). Conclusion White blood cell and platelet count tests are routine investigations that are valuable, in combination with other factors, for predicting OS of lung cancer patients. They can help clinicians to monitor treatment response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo-Van Kha
- Director Board, Can Tho Oncology Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tran-Thi Huong Ly
- Department of Pathophysiology - Immunity, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Department of General Planning, Can Tho Oncology Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | | | - Pham-Thi Thanh Hoa
- Department of of Intenal Medicine, Can Tho Oncology Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Bui Tien Cong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Eze CO, Afolabi OF, Nnachi OC. HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONGST ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS MANAGED AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN ABAKALIKI NIGERIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:S20. [PMID: 37976197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Changes in the haematological indices could have implications for stroke risk, management plan, and outcome. There are limited data on the pattern of haematological parameters of acute stroke patients in Nigeria despite its impact on stroke risk, management, and outcome. Objectives To determine the pattern and the prognostic implications of the haematological parameters in acute stroke patients managed over a nine-year period at a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki Nigeria. Methodology This was a retrospective hospital-based case-control study of the haematological parameters of acute stroke patients seen over a nine-year period at a tertiary hospital in Abakaliki Nigeria. Results The mean total white blood cell count and percentage neutrophil in the case group were significantly higher than the control group while the mean packed cell volume did not show any significant difference. Further analysis of the case group revealed that the mean PCV was significantly lower among female folks, elderly age group, those with low education attainment, impaired renal status, short admission duration, haemorrhagic stroke, and admitting hypertension. On the other hand, mean total WBC count and differential neutrophils were significantly elevated among female folks, working-class age group, low educational status, longer admission duration, mortality, and haemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions Elevated total white blood cell count and differential neutrophilia were significantly associated with acute stroke. Changes in haematological parameters have implications for stroke risk and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Eze
- Internal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital (AEFUTH), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. E-mail: ,
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Gireesh A, Sacker A, McMunn A, Cadar D. Role of inflammation in the socioeconomic inequalities of neurocognitive disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:203-211. [PMID: 37494983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic position has been shown to be associated with inflammation. However, little is known about the role of inflammation in socioeconomic inequalities in relation to neurocognitive disorders in later life and the potential underlying inflammatory mechanisms. This study has used longitudinal data to investigate the mediation effects of inflammation in the relationship between socioeconomic position and neurocognitive disorders in older adults. METHODS Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, n = 4,815), we ascertained neurocognitive disorders using a recognised consensus criterion and included the following categories: (1) No Cognitive Impairment (NOCI) (2) Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) and (3) Dementia. We examined whether socioeconomic position (education, occupation, and wealth) measured in 2008/09 was associated with neurocognitive disorders measured in 2018/19. Mediation analyses were carried out to investigate the role of inflammatory markers [C-Reactive Protein (CRP), plasma fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC)] in the association between socioeconomic inequalities and subsequent neurocognitive disorders. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the mediating role of lifestyle behaviours and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Higher education, occupation and wealth were longitudinally associated with a lower likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia. WBC mediated the association between latent socioeconomic position and CIND [β = -0.037 (CI: -0.06 to -0.01)], but not the association with dementia. Indirect effects were attenuated but remained significant when other mediators, such as lifestyle behaviours and BMI were considered. In a separate analysis accounting for main confounders, CRP and fibrinogen mediated the association between education and CIND, all three inflammatory biomarkers mediated the association of occupation and CIND, while WBC mediated the association between wealth and CIND. CONCLUSION These findings emphasise that socioeconomic inequalities in mid and later life could contribute to the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders in later life. Our results provide some evidence for the biological embedding of WBC in the association between socioeconomic inequalities and cognitive impairment via elevated inflammation. Future studies should explore other plausible biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathikutty Gireesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, United Kingdom; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Sacker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Dementia Studies, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, BN1 9RY, United Kingdom; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Fumagalli RM, Gloor E, Kaufmann PA, Frehner M, Voci D, Konstantinides SV, Kucher N, Nicoletti TF, Pecci A, Valerio L, Barco S. Common laboratory tests and their correlation with the clinical presentation and prognosis of Lemierre syndrome. Anaerobe 2023; 83:102773. [PMID: 37595866 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lemierre syndrome is a thromboembolic complication following an acute bacterial infection of the head/neck area, often due to anaerobes. Data on the prognostic role of laboratory parameters is lacking. METHODS We analyzed individual-patient level data from a multinational cohort of patients with Lemierre-syndrome. Patients had an infection in the head/neck area, and contiguous vein thrombosis or septic embolism, irrespective of the causal pathogen. We studied the patterns of white blood cell count, platelet count, and C-reactive protein concentration investigating their association with baseline characteristics and in-hospital clinical outcomes (septic embolism, major bleeding, all-cause death). RESULTS A total of 447 (63%) patients had complete data for analysis. White blood cells were elevated across all subgroups (median 17 × 103/μL; Q1-Q3:12-21). Median platelet count was 61 × 103/μL (Q1-Q3:30-108) with decreasing levels with increasing age. Males, patients with renal failure or cardiopulmonary impairment, and those with typical Lemierre syndrome (tonsillitis, septic thromboembolism, positivity for Fusobacterium spp.) had the lowest platelet count. Median C-reactive protein was 122 (Q1-Q3:27-248) mg/L with higher values in patients who also had more severe thrombocytopenia. The overall risk of complications was similar across subgroups of patients stratified according to white blood cell and C-reactive protein levels. Patients in the lowest third of platelet count (<42 × 103/μL) had the highest rate of complications (26%), as opposed to those in the highest third (11%), notably septic embolic events. CONCLUSIONS Common laboratory tests correlate with the clinical presentation of Lemierre syndrome. However, extreme values did not appear to be prognostically relevant for in-hospital complications and potentially able to improve clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvira Gloor
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maurus Frehner
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Voci
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros V Konstantinides
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nils Kucher
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Valerio
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefano Barco
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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D'Elia L, Masulli M, Iacone R, Russo O, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Relationship between leptin and white blood cells: a potential role in infection susceptibility and severity-the Olivetti Heart Study. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1429-1436. [PMID: 37217748 PMCID: PMC10202358 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A number of evidence showed an emerging role of leptin on immune system, involving inflammation, and innate and adaptive immunity. Few observational studies have evaluated the relationship between leptin and immunity, albeit with low statistical power and methodological differences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of leptin on the immunity, expressed as white blood cells (WBC)-and its subpopulations, by comprehensive multivariate models in a sample of adult men. A cross-sectional evaluation of a general population comprised 939 subjects participating in the Olivetti Heart Study, with available leptin levels and WBC-and its subpopulations. WBC were significantly and positively associated with leptin, C-reactive protein and HOMA index (p < 0.05), but not with age and anthropometric indices (p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis confirmed the association between leptin and WBC, after accounting for main confounders (p < 0.05). Additional analysis on WBC subpopulations showed a positive and significant correlation between leptin and lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils (p < 0.05), but not with neutrophils and basophils (p > 0.05). After stratification by body weight, the positive and significant association between leptin and WBC-and its subpopulations-was found in excess body weight participants. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between leptin levels and WBC-and its subpopulations-in excess body weight participants. These results support the hypothesis that leptin has modulatory functions on immunity and role in the pathophysiology of immune-related diseases, in particular in those associated with excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Russo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Ballesio A, Zagaria A, Vacca M, Pariante CM, Lombardo C. Comparative efficacy of psychological interventions on immune biomarkers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:424-435. [PMID: 37187256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological interventions are viable, cost-effective strategies for improving clinical and psychological impact of inflammation-related conditions. However, their efficacy on immune system function remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of psychological interventions, against a control condition, on biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity in adults. PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to Oct 17, 2022. Cohen's d at 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the effect sizes of each class of intervention against active control conditions at post-treatment. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022325508). Of the 5024 articles retrieved, we included 104 RCTs reporting on 7820 participants. Analyses were based on 13 types of clinical interventions. Compared with the control conditions, cognitive therapy (d = - 0.95, 95% CI: -1.64 to - 0.27), lifestyle (d = - 0.51, 95% CI: -0.99 to - 0.02), and mindfulness-based (d = - 0.38, 95% CI: -0.66 to - 0.09) interventions were associated with post-treatment reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and markers. Mindfulness-based interventions were also significantly associated with post-treatment increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (d = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.09 to 1.30), while cognitive therapy was associated also with post-treatment increase in white blood cell count (d = 1.89, 95% CI: 0.05 to 3.74). Results on natural killer cells activity were non-significant. Grade of evidence was moderate for mindfulness and low-to-moderate for cognitive therapy and lifestyle interventions; however, substantial overall heterogeneity was detected in most of the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Vacca
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Rundblad LIS, Iversen HK, West AS. Pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid attributed to ischemic stroke: A review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 2023; 449:120664. [PMID: 37119718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lumbar puncture is generally performed in stroke settings when infectious or inflammatory diseases are suspected to be the etiology. This review aimed to assess the prevalence of pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid following ischemic stroke without inflammatory or infectious etiology. METHODS We searched PubMed for studies with mentions of "[ischemic stroke] AND [cerebrospinal fluid]". We included only studies written in English, including patients with a primary diagnosis of either ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and where white blood cell count in the spinal fluid was presented. Studies investigating common etiologies for pleocytosis, was excluded. Study and patient characteristics, white blood cell count and time to lumbar puncture were presented in tables, and the prevalence of pleocytosis were reported and plotted graphically. RESULTS We included 15 studies with 1607 patients, 1522 with ischemic stroke and 85 with TIA. The prevalence of pleocytosis was between 0% to 28,6% and a mean of 11.8%. The highest white blood cell count found with common etiologies for pleocytosis ruled out was 56 cells/mm3. A mean white blood cell count of 4.0 was based on the three studies where this was available. DISCUSSION The included studies were methodologically heterogenous and few had pleocytosis as primary outcome. Pleocytosis following ischemic stroke is uncommon and should prompt further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helle K Iversen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Stroke Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S West
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Stroke Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
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Barroso I, Ramos E, Craveiro V, Guimarães JT. White blood cells in a healthy adolescent population according to social and health characteristics. Arch Pediatr 2023:S0929-693X(23)00054-4. [PMID: 37147155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system constitutes a sensory system both for heritable and non-heritable factors. Among the latter, social and environmental determinants of health may influence and shape the immune system in early life. To study the relationship between leukocytes and determinants of health in adolescence, we assessed total and differential white blood cells (WBC) according to social and environmental determinants of health in a healthy adolescent population. METHODS As part of the population-based cohort Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen), 1213 adolescents were evaluated at the age of 13. Total and differential WBC were evaluated through a venous blood sample using an automated blood counter (Sysmex®XE-5000, Hyogo, Japan). Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS Participants with better socioeconomic conditions (enrolled at private schools or higher parental education) had significantly lower total WBC levels, and the latter showed a lower percentage of neutrophils and higher percentage of lymphocytes. Those who practiced sports had significantly lower total WBC levels and neutrophil percentage, as well as a significantly higher percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes. Adolescents with chronic disease, chronic medication, or allergic diseases had a significantly higher percentage of eosinophils and a lower percentage of monocytes. With increasing body mass index and systemic inflammation, we found a significant increase in total WBC levels. CONCLUSION WBC linked to different immune response patterns are associated with several social and environmental determinants of health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Barroso
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Centre of São João, EPE, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanda Craveiro
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Centre of São João, EPE, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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Gao Z, Li B, Guo X, Bai W, Kou C. The association between schizophrenia and white blood cells count: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:271. [PMID: 37076806 PMCID: PMC10114369 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive associations between the risk of schizophrenia and the level of white blood cells (WBC) count have been suggested by observational studies. However, the causality of this association is still unclear. METHODS We used a group of bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the causal relationship between schizophrenia and WBC count traits (i.e., WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count). The threshold of FDR-adjusted P < 0.05 was considered as showing potential evidence of a causal effect. Instrument variables were included based on the genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10- 8) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) clumping (r2 < 0.01). In total, 81, 95, 85, 87, 76, and 83 schizophrenia-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as genetic instruments from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for six WBC count traits, respectively. And in reverse MR analysis, 458, 206, 408, 468, 473, and 390 variants extracted from six WBC count traits were utilized as genetic instruments, which were obtained from a recent large-scale Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). RESULTS Genetically predicted schizophrenia was positively associated with the level of WBC count [odds ratio (OR) 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008-1.026; P = 7.53 × 10- 4], basophil count (OR 1.014, 95%CI 1.005-1.022; P = 0.002), eosinophil count (OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.011-1.031; P = 2.77 × 10- 4), monocyte count (OR 1.018, 95%CI 1.009-1.027; P = 4.60 × 10- 4), lymphocyte count (OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.012-1.030; P = 4.51 × 10- 5), and neutrophil count (OR 1.013, 95%CI 1.005-1.022; P = 0.004). WBC count traits are not associated with the risk of schizophrenia in our reverse MR results. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia is associated with elevated levels of WBC count (i.e., higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xinru Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
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Pan Z, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Pan S, Xu S, Li L. Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure is associated with asthma and innate immune cell count in US adolescents stratified by sex. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:52535-52548. [PMID: 36840869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be harmful to humans; however, previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the potential for PFAS-induced immunosuppresion. This study explored the relationship between PFAS exposure and risks of asthma, wheezing, and immunosuppression in 12-19 year-olds using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Logistic regression models were used to reveal associations between serum PFAS levels and risks of asthma, wheezing, asthma attack, and emergency department visits. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between serum PFAS levels and leukocyte count. Data were also stratified by sex. We found that medium-low levels of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (6.90-12.40 ng/mL) and serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (2.43-3.60 ng/mL) were negatively related, respectively, to current asthma and wheezing in boys, and to wheezing in girls. Meanwhile, boys with medium-high levels (1.50-3.00 ng/mL) of serum perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) had a high risk of wheezing. Among asthmatic participants, both medium-high levels (3.75-5.07 ng/mL) of serum PFOA and high levels (> 3.92 ng/mL) of PFHxS correlated with asthma attacks in boys; likewise, medium-low levels (0.70-0.99 ng/mL) of serum PFNA correlated with asthma attacks in girls. Also, PFOA and PFNA levels were weakly positively correlated with basophil count, whereas PFOS levels were weakly negatively correlated with eosinophils in asthmatic boys, indicating that basophils may be important in the immune response to PFAS exposure among asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Pan
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiyao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital affiliated to Jiangnan University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Deng L, Zheng P. Thrombocytosis in patients with spondyloarthritis: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:195. [PMID: 36922788 PMCID: PMC10018826 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory as well as radiological features of spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients with thrombocytosis and to explore risk factor for thrombocytosis in SpA patients and to assess the effect of antitumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) therapy on platelet count in SpA patients with thrombocytosis. METHODS A total of 145 patients with SpA were included in this study, and non-thrombocytosis was identified in 76 patients while thrombocytosis was found in 69 patients, 38 out of the 69 patients received anti-TNF-α therapy. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors that associated with thrombocytosis. The platelet count of patients in the thrombocytosis group treated with anti-TNF-α therapy on week 0, week 6 and week 12 were collected and compared with conventional therapy group. RESULTS The proportion of hip involvement (60.86% vs 36.84%, p = 0.004), bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index score (4.24 ± 0.55 vs 3.69 ± 0.67, p < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (62.22 ± 41.97 mm/hour vs 27.00 ± 25.93 mm/hour, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (53.45 ± 47.45 mg/L vs 18.91 ± 31.09 mg/L, p < 0.001), fibrinogen (5.77 ± 1.48 g/L vs 4.01 ± 1.32 g/L, P < 0.001), white blood cells (8.15 ± 1.90 × 109/L vs 6.85 ± 2.39 × 109/L, p < 0.001) and neutrophils (5.08 ± 1.55 × 109/L vs 4.01 ± 2.04 × 109/L, p = 0.001) are higher in thrombocytosis group, but hemoglobin and albumin are lower compared to non-thrombocytosis group (122.88 ± 17.25 g/L vs 131.51 ± 16.03 g/L, p = 0.002; 37.19 ± 4.73 g/L vs 39.67 ± 3.99 g/L, p = 0.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher white blood cells (OR, 1.644; 95% CI, 1.045-2.587; P = 0.032) and fibrinogen (OR, 2.169; 95% CI, 1.237-3.804; P = 0.007) were independently associated with thrombocytosis in SpA patients. The platelet count in the thrombocytosis group treated with anti-TNF-α therapy on week 6 and week 12 were statistically lower than week 0 (225.05 ± 60.58 × 109/L vs 368.26 ± 54.34 × 109/L, p < 0.001; 201.26 ± 51.48 × 109/L vs 368.26 ± 54.34 × 109/L, p < 0.001) and conventional therapy (week 6, 225.05 ± 60.58 × 109/L vs 370.00 ± 74.05 × 109/L, p < 0.001; week 12, 201.26 ± 51.48 × 109/L vs 303.13 ± 71.49 × 109/L, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION SpA patients with thrombocytosis have a higher proportion of hip involvement and disease activity compared to non-thrombocytosis SpA patients. The potential risk factors for thrombocytosis in SPA patients were higher white blood cells and fibrinogen. Anti-TNF-α therapy can reduce the increased platelets more effectively and rapidly than conventional treatments in SpA patients with thrombocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, Fuzhou Second Hospital, 47 Shangteng Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Pingping Zheng
- Department of Burns and Wounds, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Masebo NT, Marliani G, Cavallini D, Accorsi PA, Di Pietro M, Beltrame A, Gentile A, Jacinto JGP. Health and welfare assessment of beef cattle during the adaptation period in a specialized commercial fattening unit. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:50-55. [PMID: 36924635 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Beef cattle welfare and health status are influenced by housing and management systems. The present study aimed to assess the welfare and health status in the first 15 days after arrival of Limousine bulls imported from France and fattened in a commercial fattening unit in Italy. A total of 264 bulls were included in the study. Welfare, biosecurity, and major hazard and warning system were assessed on days 2 (T1) and 15 (T2) after arrival to the unit. At T1 and T2 an inspective clinical examination was performed on all bulls. At T1 and T2 blood samples were collected from 88 bulls for haematological analysis. Both at T1 and T2, the welfare, biosecurity, and major hazards and warning systems were classified with a general score of medium but with a decrease on animal-based measurements in T2. At T1 and T2 the clinical examination revealed a significant increase (p-value≤0.05) of skin lesions and lameness in T2. A high incidence of respiratory disease was noticed in both assessed times. Leucocytes and all differentials count, and platelets were significantly increased (p-value≤0.05) at T2, while the fibrinogen was significantly decreased. The haematological changes suggest that the bulls were under higher stress in T2 when compared with T1 linked with a difficult adaptation response to the fattening unit. A multi-factorial approach that integrates the indicators of the checklist and the clinical and haematological findings of animals can be a useful method to deepen the assessment of welfare in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Masebo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - G Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - D Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - P A Accorsi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - M Di Pietro
- Virbac, Via Ettore Bugatti, 15, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - J G P Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.
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Ngum NH, Fakeh NB, Lem AE, Mahamat O. Prevalence of malaria and associated clinical manifestations and myeloperoxidase amongst populations living in different altitudes of Mezam division, North West Region, Cameroon. Malar J 2023; 22:20. [PMID: 36658587 PMCID: PMC9850770 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a growing problem in Africa, with prevalence varies from areas to areas due to several factors including the altitude. This study aimed to investigate the malaria distribution and its relationship with level of some blood parameters and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) in population of three localities with different altitudes. METHODS A total of 150 participants were recruited in each locality and facial body temperature of each was measured using a forehead digital thermometer. Blood samples were collected and used diagnose malaria parasite using the rapid test followed by Giemsa stain microscopy and have the full blood count and MPO level using a colorimetric method. RESULTS The overall prevalence of falciparum malaria was 34.7%, with no difference between the three communities, but Bambili of high altitude had the highest prevalence (70.7%). A majority of the infected persons had mild malaria, with most cases being asymptomatic (temperature < 37.5 ºC). Patients had significant increase of geometric mean malaria parasite density (GMPD) in Bambili (1755 ± 216 parasites/µL) and Bamenda (1060 ± 2515 parasites/µL of blood) than patients in Santa (737 ± 799 parasites/µL). There was a significant risk to have malaria infection in Bambili (OR = 33.367, p = 0.021) than in Santa (OR = 2.309, p = 0.362). Bambili' participants of 6-10 years showed a high prevalence of malaria (85.7%). GMPD was significantly different between males (p = 0.010) as well as females (p = 0.000). Participants from Santa (11.2 ± 3.2 g/dL) and Bambili (12.6 ± 2.4 g/dL) had a high haemoglobin concentration than those from Bamenda (10.6 ± 2.1 g/dL). There was a significant difference in the WBC counts and platelet counts among infected participants in the study areas. MPO level had an increasing trend among infected participants in Santa (2.378 ± 0.250), Bambili (2.582 ± 0.482) and Bamenda (2.635 ± 0.466). CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that altitudinal variations significant impact the risk of population to have malaria with high parasitaemia and may contribute to the malaria prevalence and severity by affecting the haemoglobin concentration, WBC and platelet level and plasma MPO in population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntonifor Helen Ngum
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, N. W. Region Cameroon ,grid.442553.10000 0004 0622 6369African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Ngahbort Belthine Fakeh
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, N. W. Region Cameroon
| | - Abongwa Edith Lem
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, N. W. Region Cameroon ,grid.442553.10000 0004 0622 6369African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Oumar Mahamat
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, N. W. Region Cameroon
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Markov A, Bussweiler J, Helm N, Arntz F, Steidten T, Krohm L, Sacot A, Baumert P, Puta C, Chaabene H. Acute effects of concurrent muscle power and sport-specific endurance exercises on markers of immunological stress response and measures of muscular fitness in highly trained youth male athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1015-1026. [PMID: 36624248 PMCID: PMC9829527 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the acute effects of concurrent muscle power and sport-specific endurance exercises order on immunological stress responses, muscular-fitness, and rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth male judo athletes. METHODS Twenty male participants randomly performed two concurrent training (CT) sessions; power-endurance and endurance-power. Measures of immune response (e.g., white blood cells), muscular-fitness (i.e., counter-movement-jump [CMJ]), RPE, blood-lactate, and -glucose were taken at different time-point (i.e., pre, mid, post, and post6h). RESULTS There were significant time*order interactions for white blood cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. Power-endurance resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in white blood cells and lymphocytes while endurance-power resulted in significantly larger pre-to-post increases in the granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. Likewise, significantly larger pre-to-post6h white blood cells and granulocytes increases were observed following power-endurance compared to endurance-power. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood-glucose and -lactate. Following endurance-power, blood-lactate and -glucose increased from pre-to-mid but not from pre-to-post. Meanwhile, in power-endurance blood-lactate and -glucose increased from pre-to-post but not from pre-to-mid. A significant time*order interaction was observed for CMJ-force with larger pre-to-post decreases in endurance-power compared to power-endurance. Further, CMJ-power showed larger pre-to-mid performance decreases following power-endurance, compared to endurance-power. Regarding RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger pre-to-mid values following endurance-power and larger pre-to-post values following power-endurance. CONCLUSION CT induced acute and delayed order-dependent immune cell count alterations in highly trained youth male judo athletes. In general, power-endurance induced higher acute and delayed immunological stress responses compared to endurance-power. CMJ-force and RPE fluctuated during both CT sessions but went back to baseline 6 h post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Markov
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany ,Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Bussweiler
- Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norman Helm
- Olympic Testing and Training Center Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Arntz
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Steidten
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Krohm
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arnau Sacot
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512University de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Philipp Baumert
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building. 12, 14469 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.442518.e0000 0004 0492 9538High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 8189 Jendouba, Tunisia
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Kreß L, Egenolf N, Sommer C, Üçeyler N. Cytokine expression profiles in white blood cells of patients with small fiber neuropathy. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:1. [PMID: 36604634 PMCID: PMC9817338 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is incompletely understood. We studied expression profiles of selected pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in RNA from white blood cells (WBC) of patients with a medical history and a clinical phenotype suggestive for SFN and compared data with healthy controls. METHODS We prospectively recruited 52 patients and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Study participants were characterized in detail and underwent complete neurological examination. Venous blood was drawn for routine and extended laboratory tests, and for WBC isolation. Systemic RNA expression profiles of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF) were analyzed. Protein levels of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF were measured in serum of patients and controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF in differentiating patients and controls. To compare the potential discriminatory efficacy of single versus combined cytokines, equality of different AUCs was tested. RESULTS WBC gene expression of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF was higher in patients compared to healthy controls (IL-2: p = 0.02; IL-8: p = 0.009; TNF: p = 0.03) and discriminated between the groups (area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.68 for each cytokine) with highest diagnostic accuracy reached by combining the three cytokines (AUC = 0.81, sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 86%). Subgroup analysis revealed the following differences: IL-8 and TNF gene expression levels were higher in female patients compared to female controls (IL-8: p = 0.01; TNF: p = 0.03). The combination of TNF with IL-2 and TNF with IL-2 and IL-8 discriminated best between the study groups. IL-2 was higher expressed in patients with moderate pain compared to those with severe pain (p = 0.02). Patients with acral pain showed higher IL-10 gene expression compared to patients with generalized pain (p = 0.004). We further found a negative correlation between the relative gene expression of IL-2 and current pain intensity (p = 0.02). Serum protein levels of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF did not differ between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified higher systemic gene expression of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF in SFN patients than in controls, which may be of potential relevance for diagnostics and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Kreß
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Egenolf
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nurcan Üçeyler
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Assessing numbers of leukocytes in salamanders and other amphibians can be useful metrics for understanding health or stress levels of individuals in a population. In this chapter we describe the procedures for obtaining blood samples from amphibians, preparing blood films for microscopy, counting, and identifying cells. We also provide reference values for amphibian leukocytes for use in interpreting leukocyte data. From our assessment of the published and unpublished literature, "non-stressed" salamanders would have a leukocyte profile where 60-70% of cells are lymphocytes, 17-30% are neutrophils, 1-4% are eosinophils, 4-12% are basophils, and 2-6% are monocytes. In Ambystoma spp., the eosinophil abundance can be notably higher (30% of all white blood cells), for reasons unknown. Finally, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio of most non-stressed salamanders tends to be between 0.3 and 0.4 (sometimes less), while the ratios of stressed salamanders tend to be over 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Davis
- Odum School of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John C Maerz
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Kong X, Jiang L, Zhang B, Sun L, Liu K. Predicting chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes using inflammatory indexes: a retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:112-118. [PMID: 36720521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) combined with chorioamnionitis is often unsatisfactory for both mother and newborn. Although tragic outcomes can be avoided if treated early, no effective prediction method for decision-making is available currently. This study aimed to establish an effective method with maternal inflammation indexes to predict preterm premature rupture of membranes with concomitant chorioamnionitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study examined the data of 206 singleton PPROM cases and 60 normal full-term cases. The PPROM cases included 93 cases of PPROM with chorioamnionitis and 113 cases of PPROM without chorioamnionitis based on clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and histopathological diagnosis. Normal full-term cases were included as the control group. Peripheral blood levels of selected inflammatory indicators were observed 12 h after fetal membrane rupture. Associations between selected inflammatory indicators and chorioamnionitis diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS Selected factors except for procalcitonin predicted chorioamnionitis in PPROM patients. Combined results of C-reactive protein and white blood cell (WBC) count showed best predictive ability with area under curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.702, 60.22%, and 76.11%, respectively. Furthermore including Interleukine-6 and neutrophil count provided similar predictive results. CONCLUSIONS The best predictive factor combinations for PPROM-CAM were C-reactive protein and white blood cell count. Results of this study provide a useful clinical reference for PPROM-CAM and may improve maternal and infant prognostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuiran Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Allsopp G, Barnard J, Goodear S, Hoffmann S, Stephenson G, Addinsall A, Wright C. The effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte responses to resistance exercise. Biol Sport 2023; 40:101-9. [PMID: 36636200 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of systemic hypoxia to improve the training adaptations to resistance exercise. Hypoxia is a well-known stimulator of the immune system, yet the leukocyte responses to this training modality remain uncharacterised. The current study characterised the acute leukocyte responses to resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia. The single-blinded, randomised trial recruited 13 healthy males aged 18-35 years to perform a bout of resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2; n = 7) or normoxia (20.9% O2; n = 6). Participants completed 4 × 10 repetitions of lower and upper body exercises at 70% 1-repetition maximum. Oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion and heart rate were measured during the session. Venous blood was sampled before and up to 24 hours post-exercise to quantify blood lactate, glucose and leukocytes including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils were higher at 120 and 180 minutes post-exercise in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p<0.01), however lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were unaffected by hypoxia. Oxygen saturation was significantly lower during the four exercises in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p < 0.001). However, there were no differences in blood lactate, heart rate, perceived exertion or blood glucose between groups. Hypoxia amplified neutrophils following resistance exercise, though all other leukocyte subsets were unaffected. Therefore, hypoxia does not appear to detrimentally affect the lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil or basophil responses to exercise.
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Kunin M, Mini S, Abu-Amer N, Beckerman P. Optimal peritoneal fluid white blood cell count for diagnosis of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:127-137. [PMID: 36328997 PMCID: PMC9902732 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of peritonitis among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is based on clinical presentation, dialysis effluent white blood cell (WBC) count, and dialysis effluent culture. Peritoneal fluid WBC count is very important in the initial diagnosis of peritonitis. The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal number of peritoneal WBCs with different clinical presentations at admission to define PD-related peritonitis. METHODS Medical records of chronic PD patients who underwent work-up for suspected peritonitis between 2008 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Results of all peritoneal WBC count tests during this period were collected. Clinical manifestations and follow-up analysis of each peritoneal WBC count were performed. RESULTS The peritoneal WBC count cutoff of 100/μL recommended by International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis provided specificity of only 35%. Increasing peritoneal WBC count cutoff to 150, 200, and 250/μL provided sensitivity around 98% and gradually increasing specificity. The chi-square automatic interaction detector model of statistical analysis determined that peritoneal WBC count below 230/μL combined with absence of inflammatory markers (fever, increased C-reactive protein) ruled out peritonitis with 99.8% sensitivity. Peritoneal fluid WBC count cutoff of 230/μL provided specificity of 89% and good positive and negative likelihood scores of 8.3 and 0.03, respectively. Peritoneal fluid polymorphonuclear count has lower discriminating ability for peritonitis compared to peritoneal fluid WBC count. CONCLUSION Increasing peritoneal fluid WBC count cutoff to 230/μL in suspected PD-related peritonitis could improve specificity without compromising the sensitivity of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kunin
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Correspondence: Margarita Kunin Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel. E-mail:
| | - Sharon Mini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nabil Abu-Amer
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Pazit Beckerman
- Nephrology and Hypertension Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Chen YM, Tsai JT, Ho WH. Automatic identifying and counting blood cells in smear images by using single shot detector and Taguchi method. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 22:635. [PMID: 36482316 PMCID: PMC9732976 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-05074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have tried to identify and count different blood cells in microscopic smear images by using deep learning methods of artificial intelligence to solve the highly time-consuming problem. RESULTS The three types of blood cells are platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. This study used the Resnet50 network as a backbone network of the single shot detector (SSD) for automatically identifying and counting different blood cells and, meanwhile, proposed a systematic method to find a better combination of algorithm hyperparameters of the Resnet50 network for promoting accuracy for identifying and counting blood cells. The Resnet50 backbone network of the SSD with its optimized algorithm hyperparameters, which is called the Resnet50-SSD model, was developed to enhance the feature extraction ability for identifying and counting blood cells. Furthermore, the algorithm hyperparameters of Resnet50 backbone networks of the SSD were optimized by the Taguchi experimental method for promoting detection accuracy of the Resnet50-SSD model. The experimental result shows that the detection accuracy of the Resnet50-SSD model with 512 × 512 × 3 input images was better than that of the Resnet50-SSD model with 300 × 300 × 3 input images on the test set of blood cells images. Additionally, the detection accuracy of the Resnet50-SSD model using the combination of algorithm hyperparameters got by the Taguchi method was better than that of the Resnet50-SSD model using the combination of algorithm hyperparameters given by the Matlab example. CONCLUSION In blood cell images acquired from the BCCD dataset, the proposed Resnet50-SSD model had higher accuracy in identifying and counting blood cells, especially white blood cells and red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Mei Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Superintendent Office, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Tsong Tsai
- grid.445052.20000 0004 0639 3773Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Ho
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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Pan GQ, Yang CC, Shang XL, Dong ZR, Li T. The causal relationship between white blood cell counts and hepatocellular carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:278. [PMID: 36471350 PMCID: PMC9724280 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises on the background of chronic inflammation. The presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells is associated with tumour initiation, progression and clinical response to treatment. The influence of white blood cell (WBC) subtype counts on HCC progression remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with the validation of two datasets. The summary data for WBC counts were extracted from a recent large GWAS of individuals of European ancestry. The GWAS data related to HCC were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were used to identify risk factors genetically associated with HCC risks. RESULTS In the discovery dataset, multivariable MR analysis revealed that sum basophil neutrophil counts had an independent causal effect on the occurrence of HCC, with the sum basophil neutrophil counts as follows: (OR = 0.437, P = 0.003, CI 0.252-0.757). Similarly, in the validation dataset, total basophil neutrophil counts were also been identified as an independent risk factor for HCC. The sum basophil neutrophil counts were as follows: (OR = 0.574, P = 0.021, CI 0.358-0.920). CONCLUSION In the European population, genetically predicted lower total basophil neutrophil counts might be an independent risk factor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China, Jinan
| | - Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China, Jinan
| | - Xiao-Ling Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China, Jinan.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Den Besten P, Wells CR, Abduweli Uyghurturk D. Fluoride exposure and blood cell markers of inflammation in children and adolescents in the United States: NHANES, 2013-2016. Environ Health 2022; 21:102. [PMID: 36289513 PMCID: PMC9608888 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingestion of fluoride in drinking water has been shown to result in increased cellular markers of inflammation in rodent models. However, the approximately 5-10 × increase in water fluoride concentrations required in rat and mouse models to obtain plasma fluoride concentrations similar to those found in humans has made relevant comparisons of animal to human studies difficult to assess. As an increased white blood cell count (WBC) is a marker of inflammation in humans, we used available NHANES survey data to assess the associations between plasma fluoride levels in the U.S. and blood cell counts children and adolescents. METHODS: Multiple linear regressions were done to determine the association of blood cell counts and plasma fluoride in publicly available NHANES survey data from the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 cycles. Plasma fluoride concentration measurements were available only for children aged 6 to 19, inclusive, and therefore this subpopulation was used for all analyses. Covariate predictors along with plasma fluoride were age, ethnicity, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI). RESULTS: Plasma fluoride was significantly positively associated with water fluoride, total WBC count, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes, and negatively associated with red blood cell count when adjusted for age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSION Our finding that neutrophils and monocytes are associated with higher plasma fluoride in U.S. children and adolescents is consistent with animal data showing fluoride related effects of increased inflammation. These findings suggest the importance of further studies to assess potential mechanisms that are involved in absorption and filtration of ingested fluoride, particularly in tissues and organs such as the small intestine, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Christine R. Wells
- Statistical Methods and Data Analytics, UCLA Office of Advanced Research Computing, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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Greer HR, Miller K, Samay S, Nellan A, Green AL. Investigation of white blood cell characteristics in cerebrospinal fluid samples at pediatric brain tumor diagnosis. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:301-308. [PMID: 35731362 PMCID: PMC10642713 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of white blood cells (WBC) in the pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor microenvironment is incompletely defined. We hypothesized that the WBC profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with the presence of tumor cells and prognosis in pediatric CNS tumors, as well as other patient and disease characteristics, and differs by tumor type, thus giving insight into the tumor immune response. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of CSF WBC profiles at CNS tumor diagnosis in 269 patients at our institution. We examined total nucleated cell count, absolute counts, and percentages by WBC subtype. We compared CSF WBC values by tumor cell presence, patient vital status, tumor location, and the most common tumor types. RESULTS Patients who died of their tumor had a lower CSF lymphocyte percentage and a higher absolute monocyte count in CSF at diagnosis. The presence of tumor cells in CSF was associated with fewer lymphocytes and monocytes. Ventricular tumors had higher CSF lymphocyte, monocyte, macrophage, and total nucleated cell counts than extraventricular tumors. Germ cell tumors, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, and ependymoma had lower macrophage counts or percentages compared to other tumor types. CONCLUSIONS WBC profile in CSF at pediatric CNS tumor diagnosis correlates with patient prognosis and presence of metastatic cells, along with tumor type and other tumor characteristics like relationship to the ventricles. Prospective CSF profiling and study may be useful to future immunotherapy and other pediatric CNS tumor clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter R Greer
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Miller
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sadaf Samay
- Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anandani Nellan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam L Green
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Giacaman A, Henriquez W, Tolosa G, Prado A, Jerez R, Reveco Y, Martínez C, Baumert C, Rodríguez B, Sanhueza B, José Orellana J, Inostroza J. Hematological abnormalities in immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19: Evidence from a single center. A cross sectional study. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108862. [PMID: 35640406 PMCID: PMC9110370 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in hematological parameters in patients with COVID-19 are emerging as important features of the disease in the general population. In the present study we aimed to explore the hematological characteristics and its prevalence proportion ratio in patients with immunosuppression with COVID-19. AIM To explore the differences between immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed patients, with and without COVID-19 from a hematological perspective. METHODS This cross-sectional study reports on the baseline complete blood count in patients attending the HHA Hospital, in Chile. The study reports descriptive characteristics of the population, including sex, age, ethnicity, corticoids and biological therapy scheme and a complete report of blood test results. A total of 476 patients were enrolled in this study from October of 2020 to April 2021. RESULTS Findings revels a significant increment (p value ≤ 0.001) on the median of total neutrophils and leucocytes, and in platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 (IS(+)) and immunocompetent patients with COVID-19 (IC(+)) compared with their respective controls. By contrast, a significant reduction on the median of lymphocytes, and eosinophiles was observed in IS(+) individuals compared with its controls. Also, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly reduced in IS(+) patients, whereas red blood cell, distribution width and mean corpuscular volume, were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION Rapid blood tests, including, neutrophil, lymphocytes count and PLR, NLR can be used for early assessment and management of patients with immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesi Giacaman
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Center of Translational Medicine. Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Wolfrang Henriquez
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Center of Translational Medicine. Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Tolosa
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Center of Translational Medicine. Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Aurora Prado
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Center of Translational Medicine. Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Roxana Jerez
- General Medicine Patient Care Unit, Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Martínez
- Department of Internal medicine, Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Rheumatology Unit, Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carlos Baumert
- Department of Internal medicine, Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Rheumatology Unit, Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Belén Rodríguez
- Department of Internal medicine, Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Rheumatology Unit, Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Critical Patient Unit, Intensive Care Unit, Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Basty Sanhueza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Juan José Orellana
- Department of Public Health and Capacitación, Investigación y Gestión para la Salud Basada en Evidencias, CIGES. Medicine School. University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jaime Inostroza
- Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies Jeffrey Modell Center, Center of Translational Medicine. Medicine School, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Immunology and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Hospital Hernan Henriquez Aravena, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G, Tsirigkakis S, Stavrinou PS, Kabasakalis A, Mantzou A, Mougios V. Bout duration in high-intensity interval exercise modifies hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:216-223. [PMID: 35510255 PMCID: PMC9035712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses between three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) trials of different bout duration and a continuous exercise trial (CON), all with equal average intensity, total work, and duration. Methods Eleven healthy young males performed four trials involving 20 min of cycling, either continuously (49% of power at VO2max, PPO), or intermittently with 48 10-s bouts (HIIE10), 16 30-s bouts (HIIE30) or 8 60-s bouts (HIIE60) at 100% PPO, with a 1:1.5 work-to-recovery ratio at 15% PPO. Venous blood was obtained before, immediately after, and 1 h post-exercise to evaluate hematologic, metabolic and antioxidant responses. Blood lactate concentration was measured in capillary blood during exercise, while urine lactate was measured before and 1 h post-exercise. Results Post-exercise leukocyte count (mean ± SD; 9.7 ± 2.8 k μL-1), uric acid concentration (0.35 ± 0.10 mmol L-1), glucose concentration (6.56 ± 1.44 mmol L-1), and plasma volume change (-13.5 ± 4.4%) were greater in HIIE60 compared to all other trials (p < 0.05). One-hour post-exercise, lymphocytes decreased below pre-exercise values in all HIIE trials, and uric acid increased in the HIIE60 trial (p < 0.05). Urine lactate concentration 1 h post-exercise increased compared to pre-exercise only in HIIE60 (19-fold, p < 0.001), and this was related with the higher blood lactate concentration during exercise in that trial. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of bout duration, given that shorter bouts of HIIE (30 s or 10 s) induce lower blood cell perturbations, metabolic stress, and antioxidant responses compared to the commonly used 1-min bouts, despite equal total work, duration, and work-to-recovery ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of P.E. and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Metabolism and Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Athanasios Kabasakalis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Research in Endocrinology, First Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cheng Z, He D, Li J, Wu Q, Liu Z, Zhu Y. C-reactive protein and white blood cell are associated with frailty progression: a longitudinal study. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35659691 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation has been linked to diseases and frailty. However, little is known about the effect of systemic inflammation on frailty progression with a longitudinal study design. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the associations of two inflammation indicators, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC), with frailty progression. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2018 (wave 1-wave 4). Frailty index (FI) was calculated using 40 items from wave 1 to wave 4 (range: 0 to 1). Two systemic inflammation biomarkers, CRP and WBC, were measured at baseline (wave 1) and logs transformed as continuous variables or grouped using quartiles. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the associations of these two biomarkers with the progression of frailty with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results The study enrolled 9111 middle-aged and older participants (52.7% females, mean age 58.8 ± 9.3 years). The median follow-up time was 7.0 years. In a fully adjusted model with further adjustment for baseline FI, higher CRP (β for the interaction with time = 0.239, 95% CI: 0.139 to 0.338) and WBC (β for the interaction with time = 0.425, 95% CI: 0.024 to 0.825) significantly accelerated the rate of increase in the FI during the follow-up period. The associations were more pronounced in younger people (< 60 years) than older people (≥60 years). Conclusions Higher CRP and WBC accelerated the progression of frailty, particularly in younger groups (< 60 years). The findings suggest the importance of systemic inflammation for the early identification of people at high risk of rapid progression of frailty. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00280-1.
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Ribeiro PVA, Gonçalves VF, de Magalhães Tolentino VC, Baesse CQ, Pires LP, Paniago LPM, de Melo C. Effects of urbanisation and pollution on the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in birds from Brazilian Cerrado. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:40204-40212. [PMID: 35119632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stressing agents can cause morphophysiological and behavioural changes in several animals, including birds, which are good study models for environmental biomonitoring. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) is an efficient indicator of chronic stresses in birds. In this study, we aimed to compare the H/L ratio of birds between the areas with different levels of urbanisation, anthropogenic noise and carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates. A total of 1288 birds were captured in six Cerrado forest fragments between 2013 and 2019, from which we took blood samples to produce blood smears. In each of these fragments, the noise level was measured with a sound pressure level metre. The CO rates were obtained from the National Institute for Space Research database (INPE-Brazil). There was a higher H/L ratio in individuals captured in urban areas or close to urbanisation with high anthropogenic noise levels and high CO rates, and a lower H/L ratio in individuals from preserved areas, far from urban environments with low noise levels and low CO rates. Six species (Antilophia galeata, Leoptopogon amaurocephalus, Cnemotriccus fuscatus, Lathrotriccus euleri, Turdus leucomelas and Eucometis penicillata) showed a significant difference between the areas and followed the pattern shown by the individuals. The present study showed that birds living in the urban and peri-urban sites have higher values of H/L ratio than birds from rural sites. These results suggest that the H/L ratio can be used as an environmental biomonitoring tool and an efficient parameter to assess chronic stress in birds in degraded environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vitor Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Fonseca Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vitor Carneiro de Magalhães Tolentino
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Queiroz Baesse
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luís Paulo Pires
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luís Pedro Mendes Paniago
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Celine de Melo
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustic, Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
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Kooshki N, Grambow-Velilla J, Mahida B, Benali K, Nguyen C, Cimadevilla C, Braham W, Pisani A, Iung B, Raffoul R, Rouzet F, Hyafil F. Diagnostic performance of White Blood Cell SPECT imaging against intra-operative findings in patients with a suspicion of prosthetic valve endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:528-534. [PMID: 34085167 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of white blood cells (WBC)-SPECT imaging in patients with suspicion of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) against intra-operative findings. METHODS 36 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery 30 days after WBC-SPECT imaging were identified retrospectively. Clinical, imaging, and biological results were collected from reports. WBC-SPECT results were classified as positive or negative and, if positive, the intensity of signal graded as intense or mild. Lesions observed during cardiac surgery were collected from surgeons' reports. RESULTS The 20 patients with positive WBC-SPECT study had confirmed PVE intra-operatively. Patients with intense signal on WBC-SPECT had high prevalence of abscesses (83%) compared to patients with only mild signal (12%). The three patients with negative WBC-SPECT but confirmed PVE had longer duration of antibiotic treatment before imaging and had no perivalvular abscess. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative values, and accuracy of WBC-SPECT were measured at 87%, 100%, 100%, 81%, and 92%, respectively. Addition of WBC-SPECT results to the modified Duke score helped re-classify correctly 25% of patients from possible to definite PVE. CONCLUSION In patients with suspicion of PVE, WBC-SPECT imaging provides excellent diagnostic performance against intra-operative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Kooshki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Julia Grambow-Velilla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Besma Mahida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Benali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Claire Cimadevilla
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Wael Braham
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Pisani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Iung
- Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Richard Raffoul
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, DMU IMAGINA, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
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Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022. [PMID: 35110832 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24095.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:2-4. [PMID: 35110832 PMCID: PMC8783247 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Carrizosa C, Luster MI, Margolick JB, Costa O, Leonardi GS, Fletcher T. Perfluoroalkyl substances and immune cell counts in adults from the Mid-Ohio Valley (USA). Environ Int 2021; 156:106599. [PMID: 33993002 PMCID: PMC8381762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be immunotoxic, evidence for this in humans is scarce. We studied the association between 4 PFASs (perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS], perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS] and perfluorononanoic acid [PFNA]) and circulating levels of several types of immune cells. METHODS Serum PFASs and white blood cell types were measured in 42,782 (2005-2006) and 526 (2010) adults from an area with PFOA drinking water contamination in the Mid-Ohio Valley (USA). Additionally, the major lymphocyte subsets were measured in 2010. Ln(cell counts) and percentages of cell counts were regressed on serum PFAS concentrations (ln or percentiles). Adjusted results were expressed as the percentage difference (95% CI) per interquartile range (IQR) increment of each PFAS concentration. RESULTS Generally positive monotonic associations between total lymphocytes and PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS were found in both surveys (difference range: 1.12-7.33% for count and 0.36-1.77 for percentage, per PFAS IQR increment), and were stronger for PFHxS. These associations were reflected in lymphocyte subset counts but not percentages, with PFHxS positively and monotonically associated with T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell counts (range: 5.51-8.62%), PFOA and PFOS with some T-cell phenotypes, and PFOS with NK cells (range: 3.12-12.21%), the associations being monotonic in some cases. Neutrophils, particularly percentage (range: -1.74 to -0.36), showed decreasing trends associated with PFASs. Findings were less consistent for monocytes and eosinophils. CONCLUSION These results suggest an association between PFHxS and, less consistently, for PFOA and PFOS, and total lymphocytes (although the magnitudes of the differences were small). The increase in absolute lymphocyte count appeared to be evenly distributed across lymphocyte subsets since associations with their percentages were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Christian Carrizosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael I Luster
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21279, USA
| | - Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni S Leonardi
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WCIH 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WCIH 9SH, United Kingdom
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Shareef RH, Zwain ZD, Mahbuba WA. Superiority of lymphocyte ratio over total leukocyte count in detecting the severity of COVID- 19 pneumonia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08412. [PMID: 34805573 PMCID: PMC8592846 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus. Blood test including complete blood count is crucial in diagnosing of several viral and bacterial infection. AIMS This study aimed to assess the association between lymphocyte ratio and other WBC types and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. A complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was done for one hundred twenty-six COVID-19 patients (76 males and 50 females; aged 20-70 years). Patients were randomly recruited from multicenter in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. RESULTS The study had revealed an inverse correlation between severity of COVID-19 infection and both lymphocytes and monocytes ratio even in patients with normal WBC count. Additionally, there was a direct correlation between platelets and leukocyte count. The relation between leukocyte count and ESR level was significant in a patient with elevated WBC only. CONCLUSION Lymphocytes and monocyte ratios inpatient with COVID-19 infection can be used as predictors for the severity of infection. Increased leukocyte count resulted in increases in platelets inpatient with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Hadi Shareef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Zinah Dhiaa Zwain
- Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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Choudhary OP, Sarkar R, Priyanka, Chethan GE, Doley PJ, Chandra Kalita P, Kalita A. Preparation of blood samples for electron microscopy: The standard protocol. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 70:102895. [PMID: 34691432 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological samples at higher magnification. The higher magnifications achieved by the electron microscopes are helpful to the researchers to study surface morphology as well as cellular morphology of the samples. The blood sample surface morphology can be visualized at higher magnification by scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the examination of the blood cells at the cellular level, transmission electron microscopes (TEM) are used. In this article, we have described the step-by-step standard protocol for the preparation of blood samples for electron microscopy. The prepared blood samples can be visualized under SEM and TEM. The obtained electron micrographs of blood cells can be used for differential diagnosis of various diseases at the cellular level.
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Shukla GS, Pero SC, Mei L, Hitchcox S, Fung M, Sprague J, Krag DN. Preparation of clinical-grade WBCs using leukocyte reduction filters. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113157. [PMID: 34597620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to develop a simpler and less expensive method of obtaining human clinical-grade WBCs using an alternative method to continuous leukapheresis. Our purpose for the WBCs is to arm them with rabbit anticancer antibodies for a phase I clinical trial. METHODS Using leukocyte reduction filters (LRFs) discarded from the blood bank, we evaluated multiple variables to maximize recovery of WBCs with the lowest contamination of RBCs. Using an optimized protocol, full-scale runs according to FDA current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards were completed with immediate filtration of blood obtained from donors participating in our study. RESULTS Forward flushing of the filter removed 85% to 95% of residual RBCs and platelets. When backward flushed with 800 mL, 95% of the WBCs recovered were contained in the first 400 mL. The number of recovered WBCs was in the range of 166-211 million/100 mL filtered blood. Subpopulations of WBCs recovered from the LRFs were in the same proportion as the donors' whole blood. Viability of recovered WBCs was 96-99%. Exogenous rabbit antibodies bound well to the recovered WBCs and were retained for at least 5 h without significant reduction. Three full scale runs of WBCs recovered from donor blood filtered through the LRF met all FDA specification of sterility, endotoxin levels, viability and stability. CONCLUSION Using LRFs, high quality clinical grade WBCs are readily obtained in quantities of 0.2 to 1.2 billion cells from 100 mL to 450 mL (1 unit) of whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girja S Shukla
- Department of Surgery, UVM Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie C Pero
- Department of Surgery, UVM Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - Linda Mei
- Department of Surgery, UVM Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - Shelly Hitchcox
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - Mark Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - Julian Sprague
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
| | - David N Krag
- Department of Surgery, UVM Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
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Hoopes EK, D'Agata MN, Berube FR, Ranadive SM, Patterson F, Farquhar WB, Edwards DG, Witman MA. Consistency where it counts: Sleep regularity is associated with circulating white blood cell count in young adults. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100233. [PMID: 34589748 PMCID: PMC8474608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep irregularity is predictive of poor health outcomes, and particularly those of cardiometabolic origins. The immune system is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, however the relation between sleep regularity and immune cell profile is unclear. Methods and results Forty-two healthy young adults (20 ± 2 years) completed 14 days of 24-h wrist actigraphy followed by a morning blood sample to evaluate circulating white blood cells (WBC) and subtypes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes). Sleep regularity was operationalized as the standard deviation (SD) of nightly sleep duration and SD of sleep onset time. Every 60-min increase in sleep duration SD was associated with an estimated 2.7 ± 0.60 x103 cells/μL (p<0.001) increase in total WBC count, while every 60-min increase in sleep onset SD was associated with an estimated 2.4 ± 0.60 x103 cells/μL (p<0.001) increase in WBCs. Sleep duration SD was also associated with lymphocyte count (11.5 ± 3.8 cells/μL per 1-min increase, p<0.01), while sleep onset SD was associated with neutrophil (34.7 ± 9.8 cells/μL per 1-min increase, p<0.01) and monocyte counts (3.0 ± 0.9 cells/μL per 1-min increase, p<0.01). Sleep regularity metrics remained significantly associated with WBCs in a series of regressions which adjusted for sex, body mass index, resting blood pressure, mean sleep duration, physical activity, dietary sodium, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions Unfavorable associations between irregular sleep patterns and circulating immune cells are apparent in young adulthood. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that consistent sleep schedules are an important dimension of sleep and circadian health and may reduce excess chronic disease risk. Young adults with irregular sleep patterns have higher total white blood cell count. Sleep irregularity is also associated with neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Associations remain significant after adjusting for several key confounders. Consistent sleep patterns may assist in preventing inflammatory-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Hoopes
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Michele N D'Agata
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Felicia R Berube
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Melissa A Witman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Sibille A, Henket M, Corhay JL, Alfieri R, Louis R, Duysinx B. White Blood Cells in Patients Treated with Programmed Cell Death-1 Inhibitors for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Lung 2021; 199:549-57. [PMID: 34518898 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether eosinophils and other white blood cell subtypes could be used as response and prognostic markers to anti-Programmed cell Death-1 or anti-PD-Ligand-1 treatments in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from the NSCLC patients consecutively treated at our hospital with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in monotherapy for advanced disease. A total of 191 patients were evaluated at three time-points to investigate any relation between tumor response and WBC counts. Results Baseline WBC and subtypes did not differ according to the type of response seen under treatment. A higher relative eosinophil count (REC) correlated with more objective responses (p = 0.019 at t1 and p = 0.014 at t2; OR for progression = 0.54 and 0.53, respectively) independently of the smoking status, PD-L1 status, and immune-related toxicity (IRT). Higher REC was also associated with a longer duration of treatment (p = 0.0096). Baseline absolute neutrophil count was prognostic (p = 0.049). At t1 relative lymphocytes, absolute and relative neutrophils, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were prognostic (p = 0.044, p = 0.014, p = 0.0033, and p = 0.029, respectively). Conclusion Our results show that in NSCLC patients anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy induces an early increase only in blood eosinophils, more prominent in responding patients and independent of the smoking status, PD-L1 status, and IRT. Eosinophils are also associated with a longer duration of treatment. Furthermore, our data support a prognostic role of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and their ratio for NSCLC patients with advanced disease treated with PD(L)-1 blockade.
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Abstract
There is growing scientific interest to develop scalable biological measures that capture mitochondrial (dys)function. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It has been proposed that the number of mtDNA copies per cell (mtDNA copy number; mtDNAcn) reflects mitochondrial health. The common availability of stored DNA material or existing DNA sequencing data, especially from blood and other easy-to-collect samples, has made its quantification a popular approach in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, the interpretation of mtDNAcn is not univocal, and either a reduction or elevation in mtDNAcn can indicate dysfunction. The major determinants of blood-derived mtDNAcn are the heterogeneous cell type composition of leukocytes and platelet abundance, which can change with time of day, aging, and with disease. Hematopoiesis is a likely driver of blood mtDNAcn. Here we discuss the rationale and available methods to quantify mtDNAcn, the influence of blood cell type variations, and consider important gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to maximize the scientific value around the investigation of blood mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Crowley CD, Rieter WJ, Gordon L. Terminal ileal micro-perforation from an ingested fish bone incidentally diagnosed with 111In-leukocyte scintigraphy in an asymptomatic patient. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:2969-2971. [PMID: 34401035 PMCID: PMC8353402 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
111In-leukocyte scintigraphy has generally been considered a sensitive diagnostic test for the evaluation of infectious or inflammatory processes in the abdomen due to a lack of normal physiologic bowel activity. Herein we present a case of a patient status post endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm for which an 111In-leukocyte scan was ordered to assess for graft infection. Planar imaging revealed an abnormal focus of radiotracer activity in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. A SPECT-CT obtained to further delineate the anatomic location of abnormal activity showed abnormal leukocyte activity localizing to the terminal ileum secondary to a micro-perforation from an ingested fishbone. This case underscores the principle that in the absence of known intra-abdominal pathology, 111In-leukocyte activity in the abdomen should always be considered abnormal, and that further evaluation with dedicated cross-sectional imaging should be performed to assist with the localization of abnormal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. Rieter
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Suite 210 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425.
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Efrimescu CI, Buggy PM, Buggy DJ. Neutrophil Extracellular Trapping Role in Cancer, Metastases, and Cancer-Related Thrombosis: a Narrative Review of the Current Evidence Base. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:118. [PMID: 34342735 PMCID: PMC8330188 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a newly discovered, reactive oxygen species-dependent regulated process, whereby neutrophils degranulate and extrude genetic material, after engulfing various infectious or neoplastic antigens, culminating in a measurable serologic footprint. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of NETs in cancer and cancer-related pathologies. We review the role of NET formation in cancer biology, prognosis and potential therapeutic modulators. Recent Findings Elevated NET levels are associated with cancer metastasis and may be modified by some anaesthetic-analgesic techniques during tumour resection surgery. It promotes tumour cell migration, angiogenesis and hypercoagulability. Although there are potential anti-NET formation therapeutics available, their role has not been formally assessed in cancer patients. Summary Limited available evidence suggests an association between elevated NET expression and cancer metastasis, but its validity as a prognostic indicator for cancer-related outcomes is inconclusive. Further observational and interventional studies are warranted to comprehend the potential prognostic and therapeutic role of NETs in cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11912-021-01103-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin I Efrimescu
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Eccles St, Dublin, 7 D07 R2WY, Ireland.
| | | | - Donal J Buggy
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Eccles St, Dublin, 7 D07 R2WY, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Šálek T, Slopovský J, Pörsök Š, Pazderová N, Mináriková Z, Zomborská E, Špánik B. COVID-19 and oncological disease. Klin Onkol 2021; 34:211-219. [PMID: 34362259 DOI: 10.48095/ccko2021211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory tract infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, initially emerged in China in late 2019. The rapid global spread of this novel virus led the World Health Organization declare a pandemic with > 30,000,000 confirmed cases, 946,000 deaths and > 21,000,000 recoveries reported as of 18 September 2020, according to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Initial reports from Asia suggested that elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, specifically diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 following a SARS-CoV-2 infection. As data on these risks have evolved, evidence has increasingly shown that patients with cancer are indeed a particularly vulnerable group. However, the effects of various confounding factors, including an older than average patient population who often have underlying comorbidities including a suppressed immune system and/ or a hypercoagulable state, have been difficult to separate from the effects of having cancer. Common presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 including dyspnoea, cough, fever, fatigue, dysgeusia and, less commonly, diarrhoea and/ or a hyperinflammatory syndrome are equally confusing to clinicians as they all are common symptoms of both cancer and toxicity from anti-cancer therapy. Furthermore, the radiographic dilemma of distinguishing between immune-checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis from that caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and conflicting data on the effects of certain therapies on patient outcomes has left clinicians with considerable angst on how to help patients with acute or worsening symptoms in an optimal way. Predicted increase in mortality follows not only from the delay in discovery and progress resulting from temporary closing of research laboratories at cancer centers but also from diversion of resources to patient care and temporary suspension of clinical trial enrolment both by companies and local institutions. The possibilities of travelling to specialized medical centers whose activities are essential for the delivery and improvement of patient care were reduced, too. Viral mutations might also occur during transmission and spread; this leads to a statement that SARS-CoV-2 will forever remain a looming threat to the oncological community. What is crucial to remember is that cancer itself is a pandemic with > 18,000,000 people dia-gnosed worldwide every year. Many societies, including the European Society for Medical Oncology and the American Society of Clinical Oncology, are providing clinical recommendations for the management of patients with cancer during this challenging time, recognizing that continuation in the precise treatment of our patients is critical for our role of physicians. PURPOSE The aim of the presentation is to point out the contact or overlapping areas of both mentioned disease entities for the purpose of possible simplification of dia-gnostic and therapeutic management of a cancer patient with suspected or already proven COVID-19 disease.
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Zhu B, Feng X, Jiang C, Mi S, Yang L, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Correlation between white blood cell count at admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:574. [PMID: 34126954 PMCID: PMC8202964 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a world health threaten. Its risk factors with death were still not known. White blood cells (WBC) count as a reflection of inflammation has played a vital role in COVID-19, however its level with death is not yet investigated. METHODS In this retrospective, single-center study, all confirmed patients with COVID-19 at West Branch of Union Hospital from Jan 29 to Feb 28, 2020 were collected and analyzed. Demographic and clinical data including laboratory examinations were analyzed and compared between recovery and death patients. RESULTS A total of 163 patients including 33 death cases were included in this study. Significant association was found between WBC count and death (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09-1.20, p < 0.001). The regression analysis results showed there was a significant association between WBC count and death (HR = 5.72, 95%CI: 2.21-14.82, p < 0.001) when use the second quartile as a cutoff value (> 6.16 × 10^9/L). The difference was still exist after adjusting for confounding factors (HR = 6.26, 95%CI: 1.72-22.77, p = 0.005). In addition, Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed that there was a significant decline of the cumulative survival rate (p < 0.001) in those with WBC count ≥6.16 × 10^9/L. CONCLUSION WBC count at admission is significantly corelated with death in COVID-19 patients. Higher level of WBC count should be given more attention in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100160, China
| | - Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chunguo Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Song Mi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Liya Yang
- Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100160, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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