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Lei B, Liu LB, Stokes L, Giangrande PH, Miller FJ, Yazdani SK. Smooth muscle cell-targeted RNA ligand promotes accelerated reendothelialization in a swine peripheral injury model. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 34:102023. [PMID: 37727270 PMCID: PMC10506064 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The local delivery of antiproliferative agents to inhibit neointimal growth is not specific to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and delays reendothelialization and vascular healing. This investigation was intended to evaluate the effect of luminal delivery of a VSMC-specific aptamer on endothelial healing. The impact of an RNA aptamer (Apt 14) was first examined on the migration and proliferation of primary cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) in response to in vitro scratch wound injury. We further evaluated the impact of Apt 14 on reendothelialization when delivered locally in a swine iliofemoral injury model. Although Apt 14 did not affect EC migration and proliferation, in vitro results confirmed that paclitaxel significantly inhibited EC migration and proliferation. En face scanning electron microscopy demonstrated confluent endothelium with elongated EC morphology in Apt 14-treated arteries 14 and 28 days post-treatment. In contrast, vessels treated with paclitaxel-coated balloons displayed a cobblestone morphology and significant platelet and fibrin attachment at cell junctions. These results provide the first evidence of the efficacy of a cell-targeted RNA aptamer to facilitate endothelial healing in a clinically relevant large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lei
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda B. Liu
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Stokes
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Francis J. Miller
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saami K. Yazdani
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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2
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Mogas Barcons A, Chari DM, Adams C. In vitro model of neurotrauma using the chick embryo to test regenerative bioimplantation. ALTEX 2023; 41:202-212. [PMID: 37921418 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2304171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Effective repair of spinal cord injury sites remains a major clinical challenge. One promising strategy is the implantation of multifunctional bioscaffolds to enhance nerve fibre growth, guide regenerating tissue and modulate scarring/inflammation processes. Given their multifunctional nature, such implants require testing in models which replicate the complex neuropathological responses of spinal injury sites. This is often achieved using live, adult animal models of spinal injury. However, these have substantial drawbacks for developmental testing, including the requirement for large numbers of animals, costly infrastructure, high levels of expertise and complex ethical processes. As an alternative, we show that organotypic spinal cord slices can be derived from the E14 chick embryo and cultured with high viability for at least 24 days, with major neural cell types detected. A transecting injury could be reproducibly introduced into the slices and characteristic neuropathological responses similar to those in adult spinal cord injury observed at the lesion margin. This included aligned astrocyte morphologies and upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes, microglial infiltration into the injury cavity and limited nerve fibre outgrowth. Bioimplantation of a clinical grade scaffold biomaterial was able to modulate these responses, disrupting the astrocyte barrier, enhancing nerve fibre growth and supporting immune cell invasion. Chick embryos are inexpensive and simple, requiring facile methods to generate the neurotrauma model. Our data show the chick embryo spinal cord slice system could be a replacement spinal injury model for laboratories developing new tissue engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Mogas Barcons
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- School of Medicine, Neural Tissue Engineering Group, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
| | - Christopher Adams
- School of Life Sciences, Neural Tissue Engineering Group, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
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3
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Ievlev V, Pai AC, Dillon DS, Kuhl S, Lynch TJ, Freischlag KW, Gries CB, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Development and characterization of ferret ex vivo tracheal injury and cell engraftment model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1144754. [PMID: 37113613 PMCID: PMC10126424 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1144754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of airway biology research relies primarily on in vitro and in vivo models of disease and injury. The use of ex vivo models to study airway injury and cell-based therapies remains largely unexplored although such models have the potential to overcome certain limitations of working with live animals and may more closely replicate in vivo processes than in vitro models can. Here, we characterized a ferret ex vivo tracheal injury and cell engraftment model. We describe a protocol for whole-mount staining of cleared tracheal explants, and showed that it provides a more comprehensive structural overview of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) and submucosal glands (SMGs) than 2D sections, revealing previously underappreciated structural anatomy of tracheal innervation and vascularization. Using an ex vivo model of tracheal injury, we evaluated the injury responses in the SAE and SMGs that turned out to be consistent with published in vivo work. We used this model to assess factors that influence engraftment of transgenic cells, providing a system for optimizing cell-based therapies. Finally, we developed a novel 3D-printed reusable culture chamber that enables live imaging of tracheal explants and differentiation of engrafted cells at an air-liquid interface. These approaches promise to be useful for modeling pulmonary diseases and testing therapies. Graphical abstract1,2. We describe here a method for differential mechanical injury of ferret tracheal explants that can be used to evaluate airway injury responses ex vivo. 3. Injured explants can be cultured at ALI (using the novel tissue-transwell device on the right) and submerged long-term to evaluate tissue-autonomous regeneration responses. 4. Tracheal explants can also be used for low throughput screens of compounds to improve cell engraftment efficiency or can be seeded with particular cells to model a disease phenotype. 5. Lastly, we demonstrate that ex vivo-cultured tracheal explants can be evaluated by various molecular assays and by immunofluorescent imaging that can be performed live using our custom-designed tissue-transwell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Drew S. Dillon
- Protostudios, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Protostudios, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kyle W. Freischlag
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Caitlyn B. Gries
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Wu S, Wang W, Li R, Guo J, Miao Y, Li G, Mei J. Fractured morphology of femoral head associated with subsequent femoral neck fracture: Injury analyses of 2D and 3D models of femoral head fractures with computed tomography. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1115639. [PMID: 36733965 PMCID: PMC9887173 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The injury of femoral head varies among femoral head fractures (FHFs). In addition, the injury degree of the femoral head is a significant predictor of femoral neck fracture (FNF) incidence in patients with FHFs. However, the exact measurement methods have yet been clearly defined based on injury models of FHFs. This study aimed to design a new measurement for the injury degree of the femoral head on 2D and 3D models with computed tomography (CT) images and investigate its association with FHFs with FNF. Methods: A consecutive series of 209 patients with FHFs was assessed regarding patient characteristics, CT images, and rate of FNF. New parameters for injury degree of femoral head, including percentage of maximum defect length (PMDL) in the 2D CT model and percentage of fracture area (PFA) in the 3D CT-reconstruction model, were respectively measured. Four 2D parameters included PMDLs in the coronal, cross-sectional and sagittal plane and average PMDL across all three planes. Reliability tests for all parameters were evaluated in 100 randomly selected patients. The PMDL with better reliability and areas under curves (AUCs) was finally defined as the 2D parameter. Factors associated with FNF were determined by binary logistic regression analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values for different cut-off values of the 2D and 3D parameters were employed to test the diagnostic accuracy for FNF prediction. Results: Intra- and inter-class coefficients for all parameters were ≥0.887. AUCs of all parameters ranged from 0.719 to 0.929 (p < 0.05). The average PMDL across all three planes was defined as the 2D parameter. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that average PMDL across all three planes and PFA were the significant predictors of FNF (p < 0.05). The cutoff values of the average PMDL across all three planes and PFA were 91.65% and 29.68%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, predictive positive value and negative predictive value of 2D (3D) parameters were 91.7% (83.3%), 93.4% (58.4%), 13.8 (2.0), 0.09 (0.29), 45.83% (10.87%), and 99.46% (98.29%). Conclusion: The new measurement on 2D and 3D injury models with CT has been established to assess the fracture risk of femoral neck in patients with FHFs in the clinic practice. 2D and 3D parameters in FHFs were a feasible adjunctive diagnostic tool in identifying FNFs. In addition, this finding might also provide a theoretic basis for the investigation of the convenient digital-model in complex injury analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jiong Mei,
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Tickle JA, Sen J, Adams C, Furness DN, Price R, Kandula V, Tzerakis N, Chari DM. A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1057-1061. [PMID: 36254993 PMCID: PMC9827764 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation (cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this 'proof-of-concept' study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Tickle
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jon Sen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Rupert Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Viswapathi Kandula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Nikolaos Tzerakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Divya M. Chari
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK,Correspondence to: Divya M. Chari, .
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Li YY, Li JJ, Ge FX, Ma XJ, Li C, Ai XN, Gao XL, Tu PF, Chai XY. [Research progress on in vitro models of cardiomyocyte injury]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:3257-3269. [PMID: 34396745 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210311.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases seriously endanger human health and life. The accompanying myocardial injury has been a focus of attention in society. Chinese medicine,serving as a natural and precious reservoir for the research and development of new drugs,is advantageous in resisting myocardial injury due to its multi-component,multi-pathway,and multi-target characteristics. In recent years,with the extensive application of culture method for isolated cardiomyocytes,a cost-effective,controllable in vitro model of cardiomyocyte injury with uniform samples is becoming a key tool for mechanism research on cardiomyocyte injury and drug development.A good in vitro model can reduce experimental and manpower cost,and also accurately stimulate clinical changes to reveal the mechanism. Therefore,the selection and establishment of in vitro model are crucial for the in-depth research. This study summarized the modeling principles,evaluation indicators,and application of more than ten models reflecting different clinical conditions,such as injuries induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation,hypertrophy,oxidative stress,inflammation,internal environmental disturbance,and toxicity. Furthermore,we analyzed advantages and technical difficulties,aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research on myocardial injury mechanism and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yi Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Fu-Xing Ge
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xiao-Ni Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100083,China
| | - Xiao-Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100083,China
| | - Xing-Yun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
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7
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Wei Y, Tian Z, Tower RJ, Gullbrand S, Yao L, Shetye SS, Mauck RL, Qin L, Zhang Y. The Inner Annulus Fibrosus Encroaches on the Nucleus Pulposus in the Injured Mouse Tail Intervertebral Disc. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:450-457. [PMID: 32858534 PMCID: PMC8121249 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the source of cells within the center of the abnormal fibrocartilage tissue of the degenerative intervertebral disc after injury. DESIGN Cross-breeding of mice with an inducible type II promoter collagen construct (Col2CreER) to Rosa26-TdTomato mice has been shown to result in Cre-recombinase activity and Tomato expression in inner annulus fibrosus cells after tamoxifen injection. To investigate the role of the inner annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc injury response, tail intervertebral discs of Col2CreER/tdTomato mice were punctured with a needle and examined 1-4 wks after injury. N-cadherin was examined by immunostaining. RESULTS After the injury, the fibrocartilage in the degenerative intervertebral disc consisted of residual diseased nucleus pulposus cells and encroaching inner annulus fibrosus cells. The residual nucleus pulposus cells had lost their epithelial cell-like morphology and instead became oval shaped, with reduced adhesion to neighboring nucleus pulposus cells. This change in cellular morphology coincided with a loss of N-cadherin, which contributes to maintenance of healthy nucleus pulposus cell morphology. As expected, injured tail intervertebral discs showed reduced compressive properties as determined by biomechanical assessments. CONCLUSIONS The cellular composition of the degenerative intervertebral disc has been defined here, which is an important step in developing future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuozhen Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J. Tower
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Gullbrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Snehal S. Shetye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Jin K, Kawashima M, Ito M, Arita R, Sano K, Tsubota K. A New Modified Experimental Meibomian Gland Injury Model: Partial Loss of Gland Due to Orifice Cauterization and the Alleviating Potential of 22-Oxacalcitriol. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E6. [PMID: 33375143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,-25-dihydroxy-22-oxacalcitriol (maxacalcitol) is a non-calcemic vitamin D3 analog clinically approved to treat psoriasis, and its role has been increasingly recognized in suppressing keratinocyte proliferation, mediating inflammation, and regulating the immune response. A large number of studies have suggested that vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining ocular surface health. However, its topical effects on the Meibomian gland (MG) has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we introduce an experimental MG orifice injury model, where the partial glandular loss occurred after electrical cauterization on a limited number of MG orifices, and investigate the efficacy and safety of maxacalcitol ointment in treating this MG orifice injury model. We confirm the alleviation of MG atrophy and ductal dilation by maxacalcitol ointment application. The recovery of injured MG visualizing as the residual MG area is significantly better in the maxacalcitol group (p = 0.020) compared with the Vaseline® group, especially during the first two weeks. The cornea and other ocular tissues were not affected by maxacalcitol ointment application during our two-month observation period. Altogether, this work indicates that maxacalcitol has therapeutic potential in the amelioration of initial injury of MG orifices caused by electrocautery.
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9
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Jiang P, Cui J, Chen Z, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Yi G. Biomechanical study of medial meniscus after posterior horn injury: a finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:127-137. [PMID: 31931606 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1702167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We established an effective finite element model of knee joint for observation of stress and displacement of meniscus related changes after medial meniscus injury. Different types of medial meniscus injury can lead to varied meniscus stress and displacement changes. Stress and displacement concentration were found in fissure tip of meniscus tear compared to normal meniscus. The posterior horn injury of medial meniscus may initiate combined injury of medial meniscus posterior horn (MMPH) and that of medial meniscus body, and combined injury of MMPH and that of lateral meniscus anterior horn; fissure expansions regarding horizontal fissure, longitudinal fissure and grip-shaped fissure of MMPH were spotted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhu Dai
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yangchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
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10
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Nagendran T, Taylor AM. Unique Axon-to-Soma Signaling Pathways Mediate Dendritic Spine Loss and Hyper-Excitability Post-axotomy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:431. [PMID: 31607869 PMCID: PMC6769104 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon damage may cause axon regeneration, retrograde synapse loss, and hyper-excitability, all of which affect recovery following acquired brain injury. While axon regeneration is studied extensively, less is known about signaling mediating retrograde synapse loss and hyper-excitability, especially in long projection pyramidal neurons. To investigate intrinsic injury signaling within neurons, we used an in vitro microfluidic platform that models dendritic spine loss and delayed hyper-excitability following remote axon injury. Our data show that sodium influx and reversal of sodium calcium exchangers (NCXs) at the site of axotomy, mediate dendritic spine loss following axotomy. In contrast, sodium influx and NCX reversal alone are insufficient to cause retrograde hyper-excitability. We found that calcium release from axonal ER is critical for the induction of hyper-excitability and inhibition loss. These data suggest that synapse loss and hyper-excitability are uncoupled responses following axon injury. Further, axonal ER may play a critical and underappreciated role in mediating retrograde hyper-excitability within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharkika Nagendran
- UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anne Marion Taylor
- UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Xona Microfluidics, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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11
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Moonen G, Satkunendrarajah K, Wilcox JT, Badner A, Mothe A, Foltz W, Fehlings MG, Tator CH. A New Acute Impact-Compression Lumbar Spinal Cord Injury Model in the Rodent. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:278-89. [PMID: 26414192 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the lumbar spinal cord results in complex central and peripheral nervous tissue damage causing significant neurobehavioral deficits and personal/social adversity. Although lumbar cord injuries are common in humans, there are few clinically relevant models of lumbar spinal cord injury (SCI). This article describes a novel lumbar SCI model in the rat. The effects of moderate (20 g), moderate-to-severe (26 g) and severe (35 g, and 56 g) clip impact-compression injuries at the lumbar spinal cord level L1-L2 (vertebral level T11-T12) were assessed using several neurobehavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological outcome measures. Lesions were generated after meticulous anatomical landmarking using microCT, followed by laminectomy and extradural inclusion of central and radicular elements to generate a traumatic SCI. Clinically relevant outcomes, such as MR and ultrasound imaging, were paired with robust morphometry. Analysis of the lesional tissue demonstrated that pronounced tissue loss and cavitation occur throughout the acute to chronic phases of injury. Behavioral testing revealed significant deficits in locomotion, with no evidence of hindlimb weight-bearing or hindlimb-forelimb coordination in any injured group. Evaluation of sensory outcomes revealed highly pathological alterations including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia indicated by increasing avoidance responses and decreasing latency in the tail-flick test. Deficits in spinal tracts were confirmed by electrophysiology showing increased latency and decreased amplitude of both sensory and motor evoked potentials (SEP/MEP), and increased plantar H-reflex indicating an increase in motor neuron excitability. This is a comprehensive lumbar SCI model and should be useful for evaluation of translationally oriented pre-clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gray Moonen
- 1 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kajana Satkunendrarajah
- 2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jared T Wilcox
- 1 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Badner
- 1 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Mothe
- 2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- 4 STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- 1 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H Tator
- 1 Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yu T, Zhao C, Li P, Liu G, Luo M. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit for repair of injured sciatic nerve: A mechanical analysis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1966-73. [PMID: 25206505 PMCID: PMC4145904 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.21.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensile stress and tensile strain directly affect the quality of nerve regeneration after bridging nerve defects by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit transplantation and autogenous nerve grafting for sciatic nerve injury. This study collected the sciatic nerve from the gluteus maximus muscle from fresh human cadaver, and established 10-mm-long sciatic nerve injury models by removing the ischium, following which poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduits or autogenous nerve grafts were transplanted. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the axon and myelin sheath were torn, and the vessels of basilar membrane were obstructed in the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit-repaired sciatic nerve following tensile testing. There were no significant differences in tensile tests with autogenous nerve graft-repaired sciatic nerve. Following poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit transplantation for sciatic nerve repair, tensile test results suggest that maximum tensile load, maximum stress, elastic limit load and elastic limit stress increased compared with autogenous nerve grafts, but elastic limit strain and maximum strain decreased. Moreover, the tendencies of stress-strain curves of sciatic nerves were similar after transplantation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduits or autogenous nerve grafts. Results showed that after transplantation in vitro for sciatic nerve injury, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduits exhibited good intensity, elasticity and plasticity, indicating that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduits are suitable for sciatic nerve injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changfu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nanling Campus of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, Jilin Province, China
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