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Fujihara K. Beyond the γ-aminobutyric acid hypothesis of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1161608. [PMID: 37168420 PMCID: PMC10165250 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1161608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system have been reported in the postmortem brains of individuals with schizophrenia. In particular, the reduction of one of the GABA-synthesizing enzymes, the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), has garnered interest among researchers because of its role in the formation of γ-oscillations and its potential involvement in the cognitive dysfunction observed in schizophrenia. Although several animal models have been generated to simulate the alterations observed in postmortem brain studies, they exhibit inconsistent behavioral phenotypes, leading to conflicting views regarding their contributions to the pathogenesis and manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms. For instance, GAD67 knockout rats (also known as Gad1 knockout rats) exhibit marked impairments in spatial working memory, but other model animals do not. In this review, we summarize the phenotypic attributes of these animal models and contemplate the potential for secondary modifications that may arise from the disruption of the GABAergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuyuki Fujihara,
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Jiang W, Kakizaki T, Fujihara K, Miyata S, Zhang Y, Suto T, Kato D, Saito S, Shibasaki K, Ishizaki Y, Isoda K, Yokoo H, Obinata H, Hirano T, Miyasaka Y, Mashimo T, Yanagawa Y. Impact of GAD65 and/or GAD67 deficiency on perinatal development in rats. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22123. [PMID: 34972242 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101389r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GABA is a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) synthesizes GABA from glutamate, and two isoforms of GAD, GAD65, and GAD67, are separately encoded by the Gad2 and Gad1 genes, respectively. The phenotypes differ in severity between GAD single isoform-deficient mice and rats. For example, GAD67 deficiency causes cleft palate and/or omphalocele in mice but not in rats. In this study, to further investigate the functional roles of GAD65 and/or GAD67 and to determine the contribution of these isoforms to GABA synthesis during development, we generated various kinds of GAD isoform(s)-deficient rats and characterized their phenotypes. The age of death was different among Gad mutant rat genotypes. In particular, all Gad1-/- ; Gad2-/- rats died at postnatal day 0 and showed little alveolar space in their lungs, suggesting that the cause of their death was respiratory failure. All Gad1-/- ; Gad2-/- rats and 18% of Gad1-/- ; Gad2+/- rats showed cleft palate. In contrast, none of the Gad mutant rats including Gad1-/- ; Gad2-/- rats, showed omphalocele. These results suggest that both rat GAD65 and GAD67 are involved in palate formation, while neither isoform is critical for abdominal wall formation. The GABA content in Gad1-/- ; Gad2-/- rat forebrains and retinas at embryonic day 20 was extremely low, indicating that almost all GABA was synthesized from glutamate by GADs in the perinatal period. The present study shows that Gad mutant rats are a good model for further defining the role of GABA during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiru Jiang
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kakizaki
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Miyata
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Takashi Suto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koji Shibasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Koji Isoda
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Laboratory for Analytical Instruments, Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Touko Hirano
- Laboratory for Analytical Instruments, Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Ouisse LH, Remy S, Lafoux A, Larcher T, Tesson L, Chenouard V, Guillonneau C, Brusselle L, Vimond N, Rouger K, Péréon Y, Chenouard A, Gras-Le Guen C, Braudeau C, Josien R, Huchet C, Anegon I. Immunophenotype of a Rat Model of Duchenne's Disease and Demonstration of Improved Muscle Strength After Anti-CD45RC Antibody Treatment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2131. [PMID: 31552055 PMCID: PMC6746111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CS) are standard therapy for the treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Even though they decrease inflammation, they have limited efficacy and are associated with significant side effects. There is therefore the need for new protolerogenic treatments to replace CS. Dystrophin-deficient rats (Dmdmdx ) closely resemble the pathological phenotype of DMD patients. We performed the first Immunophenotyping of Dmdmdx rats and showed leukocyte infiltration in skeletal and cardiac muscles, which consisted mostly of macrophages and T cells including CD45RChigh T cells. Muscles of DMD patients also contain elevated CD45RChigh T cells. We treated Dmdmdx rats with an anti-CD45RC MAb used in previous studies to deplete CD45RChigh T cells and induce immune tolerance in models of organ transplantation. Treatment of young Dmdmdx rats with anti-CD45RC MAb corrected skeletal muscle strength and was associated with depletion of CD45RChigh T cells with no side effects. Treatment of young Dmdmdx rats with prednisolone resulted in increase in skeletal muscle strength but also severe growth retardation. In conclusion, anti-CD45RC MAb treatment has potential in the treatment of DMD and might eventually result in reduction or elimination of CS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- THERASSAY CAPACITES, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Vanessa Chenouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lucas Brusselle
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Nadège Vimond
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- INRA, UMR703 APEX, Oniris, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Chenouard
- Pediatric Intensive Care, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Cécile Braudeau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- CIMNA, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- CIMNA, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Huchet
- THERASSAY CAPACITES, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Thérapie Génique Translationnelle des Maladies Génétiques, INSERM UMR 1089, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility, CRTI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
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El Aidy S, Ramsteijn AS, Dini-Andreote F, van Eijk R, Houwing DJ, Salles JF, Olivier JDA. Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition in Young Rats, an Effect Augmented by Early Life Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:222. [PMID: 28824378 PMCID: PMC5540888 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a vital regulatory role in both the brain and gut. 5-HT is crucial for regulating mood in the brain as well as gastrointestinal motility and secretion peripherally. Alterations in 5-HT transmission have been linked to pathological symptoms in both intestinal and psychiatric disorders and selective 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) inhibitors, affecting the 5-HT system by blocking the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) have been successfully used to treat CNS- and intestinal disorders. Humans that carry the short allele of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are more vulnerable to adverse environmental stressors, in particular early life stress. Although, early life stress has been shown to alter the composition of the gut microbiota, it is not known whether a lower 5-HTT expression is also associated with an altered microbiome composition. To investigate this, male and female wild type (5-HTT+/+), heterozygous (5-HTT+/-), and knockout (5-HTT-/-) 5-HT transporter rats were maternally separated for 6 h a day from postnatal day 2 till 15. On postnatal day 21, fecal samples were collected and the impact of 5-HTT genotype and maternal separation (MS) on the microbiome was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. MS showed a shift in the ratio between the two main bacterial phyla characterized by a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes. Interestingly, the 5-HTT genotype caused a greater microbal dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) compared with MS. A significant difference in microbiota composition was found segregating 5-HTT-/- apart from 5-HTT+/- and 5-HTT+/+ rats. Moreover, exposure of rats with 5-HTT diminished expression to MS swayed the balance of their microbiota away from homeostasis to 'inflammatory' type microbiota characterized by higher abundance of members of the gut microbiome including Desulfovibrio, Mucispirillum, and Fusobacterium, all of which are previously reported to be associated with a state of intestinal inflammation, including inflammation associated with MS and brain disorders like multiple depressive disorders. Overall, our data show for the first time that altered expression of 5-HTT induces disruptions in male and female rat gut microbes and these 5-HTT genotype-related disruptions are augmented when combined with early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar El Aidy
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Anouschka S Ramsteijn
- Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Microbial Ecology Cluster, Genomics Research in Ecology and Evolution in Nature, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel van Eijk
- Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Houwing
- Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Joana F Salles
- Microbial Ecology Cluster, Genomics Research in Ecology and Evolution in Nature, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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Zhu X, Fang J, Jiang DS, Zhang P, Zhao GN, Zhu X, Yang L, Wei X, Li H. Exacerbating Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: Novel Role of Adaptor Molecule Src Homology 2-B3. Hypertension 2015; 66:571-81. [PMID: 26101343 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Src homology 2-B3 (SH2B3), which belongs to a subfamily of Src homology 2 proteins, is a broad inhibitor of growth factors and cytokine signaling in hematopoietic cells. However, the role of SH2B3 in nonhematopoietic systems, particularly cardiomyocytes, has not been defined. In this study, we observed noticeable increase in SH2B3 protein expression during pathological cardiac remodeling in both humans and rodents. Follow-up in vitro gain- and loss-of-function studies suggested that SH2B3 promotes the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy response. Consistent with the cell phenotype, SH2B3 knockout (SH2B3(-/-)) mice exhibited attenuated cardiac remodeling with preserved cardiac function after chronic pressure overload. Conversely, cardiac-specific SH2B3 overexpression aggravated pressure overload-triggered cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Mechanistically, SH2B3 accelerates and exacerbates cardiac remodeling through the activation of focal adhesion kinase, which, in turn, activates the prohypertrophic downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin/glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling pathway. Finally, we generated a novel SH2B3 knockout rat line and further confirmed the protective effects of SH2B3 deficiency on cardiac remodeling across species. Collectively, our data indicate that SH2B3 functions as a novel and effective modulator of cardiac remodeling and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Jing Fang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Ling Yang
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.)
| | - Xiang Wei
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Heart-Lung Transplantation Center, Sino-Swiss Heart-Lung Transplantation Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (X.Z., J.F., X.W.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (D.-S.J., P.Z., G.-N.Z., X.Z., L.Y., H.L.).
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Uenoyama Y, Nakamura S, Hayakawa Y, Ikegami K, Watanabe Y, Deura C, Minabe S, Tomikawa J, Goto T, Ieda N, Inoue N, Sanbo M, Tamura C, Hirabayashi M, Maeda KI, Tsukamura H. Lack of pulse and surge modes and glutamatergic stimulation of luteinising hormone release in Kiss1 knockout rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:187-97. [PMID: 25582792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, has attracted attention as a key candidate neuropeptide in controlling puberty and reproduction via regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in mammals. Pioneer studies with Kiss1 or its cognate receptor Gpr54 knockout (KO) mice showed the indispensable role of kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling in the control of animal reproduction, although detailed analyses of gonadotrophin secretion, especially pulsatile and surge-mode of luteinising hormone (LH) secretion, were limited. Thus, in the present study, we have generated Kiss1 KO rats aiming to evaluate a key role of kisspeptin in governing reproduction via pulse and surge modes of GnRH/LH secretion. Kiss1 KO male and female rats showed a complete suppression of pulsatile LH secretion, which is responsible for folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis, and an absence of puberty and atrophic gonads. Kiss1 KO female rats showed no spontaneous LH/follicle-stimulating hormone surge and an oestrogen-induced LH surge, suggesting that the GnRH surge generation system, which is responsible for ovulation, does not function without kisspeptin. Furthermore, challenge of major stimulatory neurotransmitters, such as monosodium glutamate, NMDA and norepinephrine, failed to stimulate LH secretion in Kiss1 KO rats, albeit they stimulated LH release in wild-type controls. Taken together, the results of the present study confirm that kisspeptin plays an indispensable role in generating two modes (pulse and surge) of GnRH/gonadotrophin secretion to regulate puberty onset and normal reproductive performance. In addition, the present study suggests that kisspeptin neurones play a critical role as a hub integrating major stimulatory neural inputs to GnRH neurones, using newly established Kiss1 KO rats, which serve as a useful model for detailed analysis of hormonal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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