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Man H, Sun P, Lin J, Ren X, Li D. Based on hydrogen and disulfide-mediated bonds, l-lysine and l-arginine enhanced the gel properties of low-salt mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and Pacific white shrimp). Food Chem 2024; 445:138735. [PMID: 38359572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study delved into the effects of l-lysine (Lys) and l-arginine (Arg) on the gel properties and intermolecular interactions of low-salt (NaCl, 1 g/100 g) mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and Pacific white shrimp). The addition of Lys and Arg improved the gel strength and water holding capacity of low-salt gels, which were superior to the properties of STPP and high-salt (NaCl, 2.25 g/100 g) gels. These results can be attributed to the role of Lys and Arg in enhancing hydrogen and disulfide bonds within the low-salt gel system, promoting the solubilization of myofibrillar proteins (MP) and consequently increasing the number of MP molecules participating in gel formation. Antarctic krill MP did not show gel-forming ability and exerted a diluting effect on low-salt mixed shrimp surimi gels. Molecular docking analysis indicated the stable binding of Lys and Arg to myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Man
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Peizi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Sun Q, Dong X, Xu J, Wang T. Silver-infused lysine crosslinked hydrogel with oxidized regenerated cellulose for prospective advanced wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130675. [PMID: 38462109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with enhanced antibacterial properties and wound healing promotion. The synthesis process involved preparing oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) following a modified procedure, synthesizing chitosan/silver nanoparticles (CS/Ag NPs) via an in-situ reduction method, and subsequently preparing ORC/CS/Lys@Ag NPs hydrogels. Characterization techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS were employed to analyze functional groups, lattice structure, morphology, and elemental composition. Gelation time, swelling behavior, water retention, mechanical properties, viscosity, self-healing capacity, rheological behavior, oxygen permeability, in vitro degradation, release of Ag+, and antibacterial properties were evaluated using various experimental methods. Results indicated that the novel wound dressing has the capability to evenly distribute Ag NPs to effectively counteract bacteria. It can maintain moist conditions for 86 h, resist a sturdy mechanical pressure of 11.3 KPa, and degrade by 11.045 % ± 0.429 within 8 h. Combining its efficient gas exchange abilities, self-repairing function, and biocompatibility, almost full recovery was observed in injured mouse skin within 13 days, highlighting its promising clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xielong Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Haidian district, No.12, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian district, No.12, Da Hui Si Road, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China.
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Farshi P, Hashempour-Baltork F, Amamcharla J, Smith JS. Effect of potato starch coating containing selected amino acids to prevent the formation of PhIP in pan-fried chicken breast. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3991-4000. [PMID: 37615975 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of potato starch (PS) coating containing amino acids (AAs) on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in chicken breasts were evaluated. PhIP is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The 5% (w/w) gelatinized PS coating solution was incorporated with tryptophan (Trp) or lysine (Lys) at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% (w/w of the coating solution) concentrations. Chicken breast cuts with the same dimensions (5 × 2 × 1.5 cm) were dipped in the PS coating solution for 15 min before frying. After frying the chicken at 195°C for 7.5 min on each side, PhIP levels, color, cooking loss, tenderness, and texture profile assay were evaluated. The average PhIP concentration was decreased from 92.62 ng/g for the control chicken breast without coating to 6.30 ng/g (0.25% Lys), 6.76 ng/g (0.5% Lys), and 11.98 ng/g (0.75% Lys), accounting for an 89%-92% reduction in PhIP levels compared to the controls. However, dipping in Trp-containing PS coating had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) PhIP reduction effect (34%-67%). There was no significant difference in cooking loss percentage, tenderness, texture profile parameters, and color parameters of PS-coated chicken. Triangle test results showed that consumers did not detect a significant difference in the PS-coated chicken breasts (p < 0.001). Overall, this study suggests that the application of PS-based coatings incorporated with AAs on chicken breast reduces the PhIP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastou Farshi
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Fatane Hashempour-Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - J Scott Smith
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Pauli S, Kohlstedt M, Lamber J, Weiland F, Becker J, Wittmann C. Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum for selective high-level production of the chiral drug precursor and cell-protective extremolyte L-pipecolic acid. Metab Eng 2023; 77:100-117. [PMID: 36931556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The nonproteinogenic cyclic metabolite l-pipecolic acid is a chiral precursor for the synthesis of various commercial drugs and functions as a cell-protective extremolyte and mediator of defense in plants, enabling high-value applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and agrochemical markets. To date, the production of the compound is unfavorably fossil-based. Here, we upgraded the strain Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-pipecolic acid production using systems metabolic engineering. Heterologous expression of the l-lysine 6-dehydrogenase pathway, apparently the best route to be used in the microbe, yielded a family of strains that enabled successful de novo synthesis from glucose but approached a limit of performance at a yield of 0.18 mol mol-1. Detailed analysis of the producers at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels revealed that the requirements of the introduced route were largely incompatible with the cellular environment, which could not be overcome after several further rounds of metabolic engineering. Based on the gained knowledge, we based the strain design on l-l-lysine 6-aminotransferase instead, which enabled a substantially higher in vivo flux toward l-pipecolic acid. The tailormade producer C. glutamicum PIA-7 formed l-pipecolic acid up to a yield of 562 mmol mol-1, representing 75% of the theoretical maximum. Ultimately, the advanced mutant PIA-10B achieved a titer of 93 g L-1 in a fed-batch process on glucose, outperforming all previous efforts to synthesize this valuable molecule de novo and even approaching the level of biotransformation from l-lysine. Notably, the use of C. glutamicum allows the safe production of GRAS-designated l-pipecolic acid, providing extra benefit toward addressing the high-value pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic markets. In summary, our development sets a milestone toward the commercialization of biobased l-pipecolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pauli
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Lamber
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabia Weiland
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute for Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used for a large-scale industrial producer of feed additive amino acids, such as l-lysine. Moreover, C. glutamicum has been engineered for producing various non-native chemicals, including terpenes. For the first time, C. glutamicum was engineered for co-production of l-lysine and heterologous squalene. To control metabolic fluxes for either the l-lysine biosynthesis pathway or the squalene biosynthesis pathway, pyruvate, an intermediate in the central metabolism, a node was regulated by a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference system. Repressing pyc encoding for pyruvate carboxylase in the l-lysine producer (DM1919) and its derivatives resulted in 99.24 ± 7.63 mg/L total squalene and 6.25 ± 0.20 g/L extracellular lysine at 120 h. Furthermore, various oil overlays were tested for efficient co-productions. In situ extraction with corn oil (10%, v/v) exhibited a separation of 99.75% (w/v) of total squalene (intra- and extracellular squalene), while l-lysine can be secreted in the medium. This co-production strategy will help a potential bioprocess of amino acid production with various terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- BioFoundry Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Rohles C, Pauli S, Gießelmann G, Kohlstedt M, Becker J, Wittmann C. Systems metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum eliminates all by-products for selective and high-yield production of the platform chemical 5-aminovalerate. Metab Eng 2022; 73:168-181. [PMID: 35917915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-aminovalerate (AVA) is a platform chemical of substantial commercial value to derive nylon-5 and five-carbon derivatives like δ-valerolactam, 1,5-pentanediol, glutarate, and 5-hydroxyvalerate. De-novo bio-production synthesis of AVA using metabolically engineered cell factories is regarded as exemplary route to provide this chemical in a sustainable way. So far, this route is limited by low titers, rates and yields and suffers from high levels of by-products. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel family of AVA producing C. glutamicum cell factories. Stepwise optimization included (i) improved AVA biosynthesis by expression balancing of the heterologous davAB genes from P. putida, (ii) reduced formation of the by-product glutarate by disruption of the catabolic y-aminobutyrate pathway (iii), increased AVA export, and (iv) reduced AVA re-import via native and heterologous transporters to account for the accumulation of intracellular AVA up to 300 mM. Strain C. glutamicum AVA-5A, obtained after several optimization rounds, produced 48.3 g L-1 AVA in a fed-batch process and achieved a high yield of 0.21 g g-1. Surprisingly in later stages, the mutant suddenly accumulated glutarate to an extent equivalent to 30% of the amount of AVA formed, tenfold more than in the early process, displaying a severe drawback toward industrial production. Further exploration led to the discovery that ArgD, naturally aminating N-acetyl-l-ornithine during l-arginine biosynthesis, exhibits deaminating side activity on AVA toward glutarate formation. This promiscuity became relevant because of the high intracellular AVA level and the fact that ArgD became unoccupied with the gradually stronger switch-off of anabolism during production. Glutarate formation was favorably abolished in the advanced strains AVA-6A, AVA-6B, and AVA-7, all lacking argD. In a fed-batch process, C. glutamicum AVA-7 produced 46.5 g L-1 AVA at a yield of 0.34 g g-1 and a maximum productivity of 1.52 g L-1 h-1, outperforming all previously reported efforts and stetting a milestone toward industrial manufacturing of AVA. Notably, the novel cell factories are fully genome-based, offering high genetic stability and requiring no selection markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rohles
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Sarah Pauli
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
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Choi S, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Graeve OA. Nonlinear charge regulation for the deposition of silica nanoparticles on polystyrene spherical surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:747-763. [PMID: 35066233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We describe the deposition behavior of monodispersed silica nanoparticles on polystyrene spherical particles by using modified pairwise DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) interaction force profiles at pH values between two and twelve. Our modified model contains a new nonlinear charge regulation parameter that considers redistribution of ions, which allows us to realistically express the electrical double layer (EDL) interaction forces. EXPERIMENTS Silanol-terminated silica nanoparticles (7.6 ± 0.4 nm), l-lysine-covered silica nanoparticles (7.8 ± 0.4 nm), and polyallylamine hydrochloride-covered polystyrene (PAH/PS) particles (348 ± 1 nm) were synthesized. Then, each type of silica nanoparticle was deposited on the PAH/PS particles at a range of pH values. FINDINGS Our new regulation parameter describes the realistic redistribution of charges governed by pH, total salt concentration, ionic strength of solution, and separation distance of particles. We find that this regulation parameter can be roughly approximated from the absolute values of theoretically calculated surface charge density and potential distributions, as well as experimentally measured ζ-potentials. Morphological analysis using electron microscopy of the experimental systems shows that the modified pairwise DLVO interaction forces exceptionally describe the deposition behavior of the silica nanoparticles physically adsorbed on the PAH/PS particle substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongcheol Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive - MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km. 107, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Olivia A Graeve
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive - MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA.
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Pundir CS, Nohwal B, Chaudhary R. A comprehensive review of methods for determination of l-lysine with detailed description of biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:445-461. [PMID: 34229019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
l-lysine being one of the essential amino acids is not produced by the body, but is obtained through diet. l-lysine determination is important in the food and pharmaceutical industries as well as have medical and diagnostic applications. The normal l-lysine levels in a healthy human serum sample is 150 to 250 μmol/l. There is imbalance in l-lysine levels in certain diseased conditions. So, it could be a biomarker for diagnosis. Various basic methods are available for the determination of l-lysine such as colorimetric, radioisotope dilution, chromatographic, fluorometric and voltammetric methods. These methods have certain disadvantages like sample pretreatment, costly, time consuming and requirement of skilled personnel. These drawbacks are overcome by the use of biosensors due to their high sensitivity, stability and specificity. The present review article discusses about the principles, merits and demerits of the various analytic methods for determination of l-lysine with special emphasis on biosensors. l-lysine biosensors work ideally under the optimum pH 5 to 10, potential range -0.05 to 1.5 V, temperature 25 to 40 °C, with linear range 0.01 to 5500 μM, detection limit 0.000004 to 650 μM and response time 2 to 300 s. The sensor had storage stability between 14 and 200 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Bhawna Nohwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Reeti Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India.
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Bao P, Chen L, Wang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Fang H, Yang H, Zhang B, He B, Zhou C. Quality of frozen porcine Longissimus lumborum muscles injected with l-arginine and l-lysine solution. Meat Sci 2021; 179:108530. [PMID: 33946021 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of l-arginine and l-lysine on the water holding capacity, shear force, color, and protein denaturation of frozen porcine Longissimus lumborum. Four batches were prepared, each corresponding to samples of an experimental treatment: without a cryoprotective solution, injecting a 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.5% NaCl solution, a 0.5% l-arginine solution, or a 0.5% l-lysine solution. The results showed that both l-arginine and l-lysine decreased thawing loss, cooking loss, shear force, L⁎ values, b⁎ values, and surface hydrophobicity, but they increased pH values, a⁎ values, percentages of peak areas for T21 relaxation times, and Ca2+-ATPase activity. Additionally, both histological and transmission electron microscopy images showed that l-lysine, and especially l-arginine could inhibit the formation of gaps between fiber bundles, alleviate the disruption of intracellular spaces, and maintain the structural integrity of sarcomeres. Overall, the results showed that both l-arginine and l-lysine hindered the structural damage of muscle fibers during freezing and protected myofibrillar proteins from denaturation, ultimately contributing to superior quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongmei Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huamei Yang
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Cunliu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Fang W, Sun F, Tang J, Zhao Q, Chen J, Lei X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Li J, Li Y. Porous Electroactive and Biodegradable Polyurethane Membrane through Self-Doping Organogel. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100125. [PMID: 33904219 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the processability of conductive polyurethane (CPU) containing aniline oligomers, a new CPU containing aniline trimer (AT) and l-lysine (PUAT) are designed and synthesized. Further, the 3D porous PUAT membranes have been prepared by a simple gel cooperated with freeze-drying method. Chemical testings and conductive properties testify a self- doping model of PUAT based on the rich electronic l-lysine and electroaffinity AT moities. The self-doping behavior further endows the PUAT copolymers specific characteristics such as high electrical conductivity and the formation of the polaron lattice like-structure in good solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. The combination of organogel and freeze-drying could prevent the collapse of pore structure when the copolymers are molded as membranes. The synergistic effect of l-lysine and AT components has a strong influence on the dissolution, degradation, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of PUAT. The excellent properties of PUAT would broad the application of conductive polymers in biomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Tang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Lei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong Zhang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen L, Bao P, Fang H, Zhou C. l-Arginine and l-Lysine Alleviate Myosin from Oxidation: Their Role in Maintaining Myosin's Emulsifying Properties. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3189-3198. [PMID: 33496584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviative effects of l-arginine and l-lysine on the emulsifying properties and structural changes of myosin under hydroxyl radical (·OH) stress. The results showed that ·OH decreased the emulsifying activity index and emulsifying stability index but increased the creaming index and droplet size of a soybean oil-myosin emulsion (SOME). Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that ·OH caused larger and more inhomogeneous SOME droplets. l-Arginine and l-lysine effectively alleviated ·OH-induced destructive effects on the emulsifying properties of myosin. In addition, ·OH increased the extent of protein carbonylation and dityrosine formation, surface hydrophobicity, and β-sheet content, but decreased the tryptophan fluorescence intensity, solubility, total sulfhydryl, and α-helix content of myosin. Although l-lysine increased dityrosine fluorescence intensity, l-arginine and l-lysine effectively alleviated the aforementioned structural changes of myosin. Therefore, l-arginine and l-lysine could mitigate ·OH-induced structural changes of myosin, which enabled myosin to maintain its emulsifying capacity under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Pengqi Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Cunliu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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12
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Ganji M, Dashtestani F, Neghab HK, Soheilifar MH, Hakimian F, Haghiralsadat F. Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated L-Lysine for Improving Cisplatin Delivery to Human Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:753-760. [PMID: 33272179 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666201203150931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nano drug delivery is a broad field of research on the development of novel nano- carrier systems for effective therapeutic delivery of drugs. Here, an anticancer drug, cisplatin (CDDP) conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) via L-Lysine (Lys) linker. METHODS The produced nanodrug (GNPs-Lys-CDDP) was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potentials and electron force microscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy of the GNPs-Lys-CDDP against human breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and normal cells (MCF- 10A) was evaluatedby MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and morphology changes were assessed by flowcytometery and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, respectively. RESULTS It was found that the GNPs-Lys-CDDP with a size of 85 nm and negatively charged with a zeta-potential of about -25 mV could be taken up by tumor cells. A marked change in the UV spectrum of GNPs-Lys-CDDP compare to GNPs showed a strong absorption shift in the 525 nm region. The LD 50 of GNPs-Lys-CDDP against SKBR3 (1 μg.mL -1), was found to be 8 times lower than that of naked CDDP against SKBR3 (8 μg.mL -1). The nanocomplex GNPs-Lys-CDDP also significantly increased the apoptosis of SKBR3 with the lowest cytotoxic effects on normal cells. DISCUSSION This work indicates that GNPs effectively could decrease the lethal dose of CDDP to 87%. Hence, GNPs modified by Lys, could be a good nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ganji
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Taft, Iran
| | - Fariba Dashtestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Hakimian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Gazińska M, Krokos A, Kobielarz M, Włodarczyk M, Skibińska P, Stępak B, Antończak A, Morawiak M, Płociński P, Rudnicka K. Influence of Hydroxyapatite Surface Functionalization on Thermal and Biological Properties of Poly(l-Lactide)- and Poly(l-Lactide-co-Glycolide)-Based Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186711. [PMID: 32933206 PMCID: PMC7556045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biocomposites of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLLGA) with 10 wt.% of surface-modified hydroxyapatite particles, designed for applications in bone tissue engineering, are presented in this paper. The surface of hydroxyapatite (HAP) was modified with polyethylene glycol by using l-lysine as a linker molecule. The modification strategy fulfilled two important goals: improvement of the adhesion between the HAP surface and PLLA and PLLGA matrices, and enhancement of the osteological bioactivity of the composites. The surface modifications of HAP were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), TGA, and elemental composition analysis. The influence of hydroxyapatite surface functionalization on the thermal and in vitro biological properties of PLLA- and PLLGA-based composites was investigated. Due to HAP modification with polyethylene glycol, the glass transition temperature of PLLA was reduced by about 24.5 °C, and melt and cold crystallization abilities were significantly improved. These achievements were scored based on respective shifting of onset of melt and cold crystallization temperatures and 1.6 times higher melt crystallization enthalpy compared with neat PLLA. The results showed that the surface-modified HAP particles were multifunctional and can act as nucleating agents, plasticizers, and bioactive moieties. Moreover, due to the presented surface modification of HAP, the crystallinity degree of PLLA and PLLGA and the polymorphic form of PLLA, the most important factors affecting mechanical properties and degradation behaviors, can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Krokos
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kobielarz
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; (M.W.); (P.S.); (P.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Paulina Skibińska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; (M.W.); (P.S.); (P.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Bogusz Stępak
- Laser and Fibre Electronics Group, Faculty of Electronics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Arkadiusz Antończak
- Laser and Fibre Electronics Group, Faculty of Electronics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Milena Morawiak
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; (M.W.); (P.S.); (P.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; (M.W.); (P.S.); (P.P.); (K.R.)
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14
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Zhang W, Liu X, He B, Zhu J, Li X, Shen K, Chen H, Duan Y, Tang Q. Enhanced Efficiency of Air-Stable CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Defect Dual Passivation and Grain Size Enlargement with a Multifunctional Additive. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:36092-36101. [PMID: 32663398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) with outstanding environmental stability and low preparation cost are regarded as one of the most promising photovoltaic devices for commercial applications. However, the performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs can be badly deteriorated by the intense charge recombination arising from the ionic defects at the grain boundaries of perovskite film. To cope with this issue, we adopt an amino acid of l-lysine with two amino and one carboxyl groups as a chemical additive to incorporate into perovskite film to simultaneously anchor the uncoordinated Pb2+ (Cs+) and halogen ion defects. Further, the grain size of CsPbBr3 perovskite is boosted from 688 to over 1000 nm after l-lysine incorporation as a result of the decreased nucleation rate and the sufficient growth of perovskite, which effectively reduce the grain boundaries for load defects. As expected, the optimized device achieves a best power conversion efficiency of 9.69% attributed to the remarkably reduced charge recombination and enhanced charge extraction arising from the efficient defects dual-passivation and enlarged grain size of perovskite film as well as the improved energy level alignment at the device interface after the introduction of l-lysine, which is elevated by 61.23% in comparison to 6.01% efficiency of the pristine one. Moreover, the unencapsulated device with l-lysine incorporation exhibits remarkable long-term stability in air with 80% RH at 25 °C and 0% RH at 80 °C as well as under continuous illumination conditions. This work provides an effective multifunctional additive for imperfection passivation and grain size enlargement of perovskite to build PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Xueke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Duan
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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15
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Avcıbaşı U, Ateş B, Ünak P, Gümüşer FG, Gülcemal S, Ol KK, Akgöl S, Tekin V. A novel radiolabeled graft polymer: Investigation of the radiopharmaceutical potential using Albino Wistar rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108872. [PMID: 31470192 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic graft-Lys-poly(HEMA) was synthesized, labeled with 99mTc for the first time and its radiopharmaceutical potential was investigated using animal models in this study. Quality control procedures were carried out using thin layer radiochromatography. The labeling yield of radiolabeled polymer was found to be about 100%. Then, stability and lipophilicity were determined. The lipophilicity of 99mTc labeled Fe3O4 graft-Lys-poly(HEMA) was found to be 3.77. The serum stability experiments demonstrated that approximately 100% of radiolabeled polymer existed as an intact complex in the rat serum within 240 min. Biodistribution of radiolabeled magnetic graft-Lys-poly(HEMA) was performed on female Albino Wistar rats by scintigraphy and biodistribution studies. High uptake was seen in the stomach, the pancreas, brain, ovarian, intestines and the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Avcıbaşı
- Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Art and Science, 45140, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Buket Ateş
- Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Art and Science, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Perihan Ünak
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Gül Gümüşer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, 45030, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Gülcemal
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Faculty of Science, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat Ol
- Turkish Health of Ministry, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Department of Nuclear Applications, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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Martin-Rubio AS, Sopelana P, Nakashima F, Shibata T, Uchida K, Guillén MD. A Dual Perspective of the Action of Lysine on Soybean Oil Oxidation Process Obtained by Combining 1H NMR and LC-MS: Antioxidant Effect and Generation of Lysine-Aldehyde Adducts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E326. [PMID: 31438558 PMCID: PMC6770364 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is still known about both the effect of amino acids on the oxidation course of edible oils and the modifications that the former may undergo during this process. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this work was to study the evolution of a system consisting of soybean oil with 2% of l-lysine under heating at 70 °C and stirring conditions, analyzing how the co-oxidation of the oil and of the amino acid affects their respective evolutions, and trying to obtain information about the action mechanism of lysine on soybean oil oxidation. The study of the oil progress by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) showed that the presence of lysine noticeably delays oil degradation and oxidation products generation in comparison with a reference oil without lysine. Regarding lysine evolution, the analysis by 1H NMR and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of a series of aqueous extracts obtained from the oil containing lysine over time revealed the formation of lysine adducts, most of them at the position, with n-alkanals, malondialdehyde, (E)-2-alkenals, and toxic oxygenated α β-unsaturated aldehydes. However, this latter finding does not seem enough to explain the antioxidant action of lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Martin-Rubio
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Patricia Sopelana
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - María D Guillén
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
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17
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Kim H, Yoo HY, Park N, Kim H, Lee J, Baek Y, Lee T, Oh JM, Cho J, Park C. Enhanced l-Lysine into 1,5-Diaminopentane Conversion via Statistical Optimization of Whole-Cell Decarboxylation System. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1372. [PMID: 31434281 PMCID: PMC6723696 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global lysine companies in the feed industry have steadily built their production facilities due to the high demand for l-lysine in animal farms, and in recent years there have been excessive supply problems and the world market price of l-lysine has fallen. In this study, the conversion of 1,5-diaminopentane (DAP) by decarboxylation of l-lysine was strategically chosen to enhance the value of lysine. The decarboxylation is enzymatically accessible, and Hafnia alvei, which is the producer of l-lysine decarboxylase, was applied as a whole-cell form. In the designed whole-cell biocatalytic system, the major four reaction factors were selected by fundamental investigation and then statistical optimization was performed to estimate the optimum condition. The predicted conversion was assessed at about 94.6% at the optimum conditions (125.1 mM l-lysine and 71.5 g/L acetone concentration at 35.2 °C for 8.4 h). Under the determined conditions, DAP conversions by using analytical, feed and industrial crude l-lysine were found to be 98.3%, 92.5% and 72.4%, respectively. These results could be suggested to solve the problem of excessive supplied lysine and also to provide guidance for improved enzymatic conversion by statistical optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Nohseong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jongwha Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Yesol Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Green Materials and Process R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), ChonAn 31056, Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
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18
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Henke NA, Wiebe D, Pérez-García F, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF. Coproduction of cell-bound and secreted value-added compounds: Simultaneous production of carotenoids and amino acids by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bioresour Technol 2018; 247:744-752. [PMID: 30060409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for production of the food and feed amino acids l-glutamate and l-lysine at the million-ton-scale. One feed formulation of l-lysine simply involves spray-drying of the fermentation broth, thus, including secreted l-lysine and C. glutamicum cells which are pigmented by the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. C. glutamicum has been engineered for overproduction of various compounds including carotenoids. In this study, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of a secreted amino acid with a cell-bound carotenoid. Asa proof of principle, coproduction of l-glutamate with the industrially relevant astaxanthin was shown. This strategy was applied to engineer l-lysine overproducing strains for combined overproduction of secreted l-lysine with the cell-bound carotenoids decaprenoxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. By fed-batch fermentation 48g/Ll-lysine and 10mg/L astaxanthin were coproduced. Moreover, C. glutamicum was engineered for coproduction of l-lysine and β-carotene from xylose and arabinose as alternative feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Wiebe
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fernando Pérez-García
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Hara R, Yamagata K, Miyake R, Kawabata H, Uehara H, Kino K. Discovery of Lysine Hydroxylases in the Clavaminic Acid Synthase-Like Superfamily for Efficient Hydroxylysine Bioproduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00693-17. [PMID: 28667106 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00693-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation via C-H bond activation in the absence of any harmful oxidizing reagents is technically difficult in modern chemistry. In this work, we attempted to generate pharmaceutically important hydroxylysine from readily available l-lysine with l-lysine hydroxylases from diverse microorganisms. Clavaminic acid synthase-like superfamily gene mining and phylogenetic analysis led to the discovery of six biocatalysts, namely two l-lysine 3S-hydroxylases and four l-lysine 4R-hydroxylases, the latter of which partially matched known hydroxylases. Subsequent characterization of these hydroxylases revealed their capacity for regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation into either C-3 or C-4 positions of l-lysine, yielding (2S,3S)-3-hydroxylysine and (2S,4R)-4-hydroxylysine, respectively. To determine if these factors had industrial application, we performed a preparative production of both hydroxylysines under optimized conditions. For this, recombinant l-lysine hydroxylase-expressing Escherichia coli cells were used as a biocatalyst for l-lysine bioconversion. In batch-scale reactions, 531 mM (86.1 g/liter) (2S,3S)-3-hydroxylysine was produced from 600 mM l-lysine with an 89% molar conversion after a 52-h reaction, and 265 mM (43.0 g/liter) (2S,4R)-4-hydroxylysine was produced from 300 mM l-lysine with a molar conversion of 88% after 24 h. This report demonstrates the highly efficient production of hydroxylysines using lysine hydroxylases, which may contribute to future industrial bioprocess technologies.IMPORTANCE The present study identified six l-lysine hydroxylases belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, although some of them overlapped with known hydroxylases. While the substrate specificity of l-lysine hydroxylases was relatively narrow, we found that (2S,3S)-3-hydroxylysine was hydroxylated by 4R-hydroxylase and (2S,5R)-5-hydroxylysine was hydroxylated by both 3S- and 4R-hydroxylases. Moreover, the l-arginine hydroxylase VioC also hydroxylated l-lysine, albeit to a lesser extent. Further, we also demonstrated the bioconversion of l-lysine into (2S,3S)-3-hydroxylysine and (2S,4R)-4-hydroxylysine on a gram scale under optimized conditions. These findings provide new insights into biocatalytic l-lysine hydroxylation and thus have a great potential for use in manufacturing bioprocesses.
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Biagosch C, Ediga RD, Hensler SV, Faerberboeck M, Kuehn R, Wurst W, Meitinger T, Kölker S, Sauer S, Prokisch H. Elevated glutaric acid levels in Dhtkd1-/Gcdh- double knockout mice challenge our current understanding of lysine metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2220-2228. [PMID: 28545977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is a rare organic aciduria caused by the autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). GCDH deficiency leads to disruption of l-lysine degradation with characteristic accumulation of glutarylcarnitine and neurotoxic glutaric acid (GA), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA). DHTKD1 acts upstream of GCDH, and its deficiency leads to none or often mild clinical phenotype in humans, 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria. We hypothesized that inhibition of DHTKD1 may prevent the accumulation of neurotoxic dicarboxylic metabolites suggesting DHTKD1 inhibition as a possible treatment strategy for GA-I. In order to validate this hypothesis we took advantage of an existing GA-I (Gcdh-/-) mouse model and established a Dhtkd1 deficient mouse model. Both models reproduced the biochemical and clinical phenotype observed in patients. Under challenging conditions of a high lysine diet, only Gcdh-/- mice but not Dhtkd1-/- mice developed clinical symptoms such as lethargic behaviour and weight loss. However, the genetic Dhtkd1 inhibition in Dhtkd1-/-/Gcdh-/- mice could not rescue the GA-I phenotype. Biochemical results confirm this finding with double knockout mice showing similar metabolite accumulations as Gcdh-/- mice with high GA in brain and liver. This suggests that DHTKD1 inhibition alone is not sufficient to treat GA-I, but instead a more complex strategy is needed. Our data highlights the many unresolved questions within the l-lysine degradation pathway and provides evidence for a so far unknown mechanism leading to glutaryl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Biagosch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raga Deepthi Ediga
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja-Viola Hensler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Faerberboeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kuehn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sauer
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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21
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Sagong HY, Kim KJ. Crystal Structure and Biochemical Characterization of Tetrahydrodipicolinate N-Succinyltransferase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:10641-10646. [PMID: 26602189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase (DapD) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of l-lysine by converting tetrahydrodipicolinate into N-succinyl-l-2-amino-6-oxopimelate, using succinyl-CoA as a cofactor. We determined the crystal structure of DapD from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgDapD). CgDapD functions as a trimer, and each monomer consists of three domains: an N-terminal helical domain (NTD), a left-handed β-helix (LβH) domain, and a β C-terminal domain (CTD). The mode of cofactor binding to CgDapD, elucidated by determining the structure in complex with succinyl-CoA, reveals that the position of the CTD changes slightly as the cofactor binds to the enzyme. The superposition of this structure with that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows differences in residues that make up cofactor-binding sites. Moreover, we determined the structure of CgDapD in complex with the substrate analogue 2-aminopimelate and revealed that the analogue was stabilized by conserved residues. The catalytic and substrate binding sites of CgDapD were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Sagong
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Sato T, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Dietary L-Lysine Suppresses Autophagic Proteolysis and Stimulates Akt/mTOR Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8192-8198. [PMID: 26366928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids, especially L-leucine, regulate protein turnover in skeletal muscle and have attracted attention as a means of increasing muscle mass in people suffering from malnutrition, aging (sarcopenia), or a bedridden state. We previously showed that oral administration of L-lysine (Lys) by gavage suppressed proteolysis in skeletal muscles of fasted rats. However, the intake of Lys in the absence of other dietary components is unlikely in a non-experimental setting, and other dietary components may interfere with the suppressive effect of Lys on proteolysis. We supplemented Lys to a 10% casein diet and investigated the effect of Lys on proteolysis and autophagy, a major proteolytic system, in the skeletal muscle of rats. The rate of proteolysis was evaluated from 3-methylhisitidine (MeHis) released from isolated muscles, in plasma, and excreted in urine. Supplementing lysine with the 10% casein diet decreased the rate of proteolysis induced by intake of a low-protein diet. The upregulated autophagy activity [light chain 3 (LC3)-II/total LC3] caused by a low-protein diet was reduced, and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was activated by Lys. Importantly, continuous feeding of a Lys-rich 10% casein diet for 15 days increased the masses of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Taken together, supplementation of Lys to a low-protein diet suppresses autophagic proteolysis through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and continuous feeding of a Lys-rich diet may increase skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sato
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University , Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University , Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University , Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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23
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Suzuki M, Hayakawa Y, Hanabusa K. Thixotropic Supramolecular Gel Based on l-Lysine Derivatives. Gels 2015; 1:81-93. [PMID: 30674167 DOI: 10.3390/gels1010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimer l-lysine derivatives, in which two Nα,Nε-diacyl-l-lysines were crosslinked by calcium ion, were synthesized through a simply synthetic procedure and their gelation properties were examined. These compounds functioned as an organogelator; especially, the gelators possessing both a linear and a branched alkyl chains had the better organogelation ability and formed the thermally stable and rigid organogel. In addition, some organogels had a thixotropic property, which were responsive to a mechanical stimulus and reversibly underwent the gel–sol transition at room temperature. The thixotropic behavior was confirmed by visual contact and rheological experiments. Furthermore, it was assumed the mechanism of the thixotropic behavior.
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da Silva JA. From the RNA world to the RNA/protein world: contribution of some riboswitch-binding species? J Theor Biol 2015; 370:197-201. [PMID: 25571850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some amino acids and their formal derivatives, currently riboswitch-binding species, could have interacted with polyribonucletides in prebiotic environments, leading to the peptide formation. If the resulting compounds had led to a sustainable polymerization of amino acids and the new structures had catalytic activity, such would have been an important contribution to the transition from the RNA world to the RNA/Protein world.
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Zeinoddini A, Ahadi M, Farokhnia M, Rezaei F, Tabrizi M, Akhondzadeh S. L-lysine as an adjunct to risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 59:125-31. [PMID: 25227564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing evidence suggest that the nitric oxide signaling system of the brain may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, making this system a target for development of novel therapeutics. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of L-lysine as an adjunctive to risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia during an 8-week trial. Seventy-two chronic schizophrenia inpatients with a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score of ≥ 60 participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the active phase of their disease and underwent 8 weeks of treatment with either L-lysine (6 g/day) or placebo as an adjunctive to risperidone. Patients were evaluated using PANSS and its subscales at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate the efficacy of L-lysine in improving schizophrenia symptoms. Repeated measures analysis demonstrated significant effect for time × treatment interaction on the PANSS total (P < 0.001), negative (P < 0.001) and general psychopathology (P < 0.001) subscale scores but not the PANSS positive subscale scores (P = 0.61). The frequency of adverse events (AEs) did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups and no serious AE was observed. The present study demonstrated that l-lysine can be a tolerable and efficacious adjunctive therapy for improving negative and general psychopathology symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. However, the safety and efficacy of higher doses of l-lysine and longer treatment periods still remain unknown. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian registry of clinical trials (www.irct.ir): IRCT201202201556N33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zeinoddini
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Ahadi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mina Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Okazaki S, Nakano S, Matsui D, Akaji S, Inagaki K, Asano Y. X-ray crystallographic evidence for the presence of the cysteine tryptophylquinone cofactor in L-lysine ε-oxidase from Marinomonas mediterranea. J Biochem 2013; 154:233-6. [PMID: 23908359 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have determined the x-ray crystal structure of L-lysine ε-oxidase from Marinomonas mediterranea in its native and L-lysine-complex forms at 1.94- and 1.99-Å resolution, respectively. In the native enzyme, electron densities clearly indicate the presence of cysteine tryptophylquinone (CTQ) previously identified in quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase. In the L-lysine-complex, an electron density corresponding to the bound L-lysine shows that its ε-amino group is attached to the C6 carbonyl group of CTQ, suggesting the formation of a Schiff-base intermediate. Collectively, the present crystal structure provides the first example of an enzyme employing a tryptophylquinone cofactor in an amine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okazaki
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Othman AM, Li S, Leblanc RM. Enhancing selectivity in spectrofluorimetric determination of tryptophan by using graphene oxide nanosheets. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 787:226-32. [PMID: 23830443 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of formaldehyde with amino acids followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to produce a fluorophore Norharman product is well known and was used for the spectrofluorimetric determination of l-tryptophan (Trp). This study aimed to use graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of Trp in presence of other amino acids and possible interfering compounds. Different parameters such as pH, temperature, incubation time, and concentrations of formaldehyde, H2O2 and GO were studied to optimize the condition of determination. Experimental data showed that the maximum fluorescence intensity was achieved in pH 7.0-9.0 phosphate buffer mixed with 7-10% (v/v) formaldehyde and 1-2% (v/v) H2O2 as oxidizing agent at 60°C for 1h. On the basis of calibration curve of various concentrations of Trp in the presence of 20 μg mL(-1) GO, the lower limit of detection (LOD) of Trp was determined as 0.092 nmol mL(-1) and the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3 nmol mL(-1). The selectivity of Trp in presence of other amino acids and possible interfering compounds were studied with and without GO. The data obtained after inner filter effect corrections revealed that the selectivity of Trp in presence of amino acids and other possible interfering agents was improved in the range of 76-96%, compared with that in absence of GO. The enhancement of selectivity in the presence of GO indicates that the Trp and other amino acid and possible interfering compounds were adsorbed by GO, and the selective uptaking of Trp-by the reaction with formaldehyde followed by oxidation with H2O2 at 60°C with high selectivity and sensitivity was achieved successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhameed M Othman
- Sadat CityUniversity, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City, Egypt.
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