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Keřková B, Knížková K, Večeřová M, Šustová P, Fürstová P, Hrubý A, Španiel F, Rodriguez M. Inflammation and cognitive performance in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: The moderating effects of childhood trauma. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:185-193. [PMID: 37783016 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether childhood trauma moderated the relationship between inflammation and cognitive functioning in persons with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). We included data from 92 individuals who participated in the nationwide Early-Stage Schizophrenia Outcome study. These individuals completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, provided a fasting blood sample for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein analysis, and underwent extensive neuropsychological testing. The intervening effects of age, sex, education, smoking status, and body mass index were controlled. Results indicated that childhood trauma levels significantly moderated the relationship between inflammation and four cognitive domains: speed of processing, working memory, visual memory, and verbal memory. Inflammation also predicted verbal memory scores irrespective of childhood trauma levels or the covariates. Upon further exploration, the significant moderation effects appeared to be primarily driven by males. In conclusion, a history of childhood trauma may be an important determinant in evaluating how inflammation relates to the cognitive performance of people with first-episode SSDs, particularly in speed of processing, working memory, visual memory, and verbal memory. We recommend that future researchers examining the effect of inflammation on cognitive functioning in SSDs include trauma as a moderating variable in their models and further examine additional moderating effects of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Keřková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolína Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Večeřová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Šustová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fürstová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hrubý
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Ding F, Cheng C, He J, Wang X, Yao S. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short Form) Across Genders, Time Points and Presence of Major Depressive Disorder Among Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816051. [PMID: 35478747 PMCID: PMC9036057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used self-report tool designed to assess juveniles' experiences of abuse and neglect. The current study examined the psychometric properties, particularly measurement invariance of the CTQ-SF in Chinese non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Participants included 1,507 high school students (non-clinical sample) from Hunan Province and 281 adolescent patients with major depressive disorder (MDD sample) from The Second Xiangya Hospital. We examined the reliability and validity of CTQ-SF, confirm the five-factor model of the CTQ-SF. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance across genders, presence of depression, and over time. Results The CTQ-SF had good internal consistency in a non-clinical sample (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and MDD sample (Cronbach's α = 0.86). Good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72) and Adequate validity were also observed. Good fit of the five-factor CTQ-SF model was confirmed in both samples. Multiple-group CFA confirmed that the CTQ-SF had the scalar invariance across genders and the presence of MDD, as well as over time. Conclusion The CTQ-SF is an effective and reliable tool for assessing child maltreatment in Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The results suggest that the horizontal and longitudinal invariance of CTQ-SF are strongly established, which means CTQ-SF can be meaningfully used to compare outcomes among Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The experience of child maltreatment, especially neglect (emotional and physical), was found to be common in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Fengjiao Ding
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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Lepsy N, Dering MR, Fuge J, Meltendorf T, Hoeper MM, Heitland I, Kamp JC, Park DH, Richter MJ, Gall H, Ghofrani HA, Ellermeier D, Kulla HD, Olsson KM, Kahl KG. Childhood Maltreatment, Mental Well-Being, and Healthy Lifestyle in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:821468. [PMID: 35280158 PMCID: PMC8908105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.821468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, advances in medical, surgical and interventional treatment have markedly improved the outcome of patients with CTEPH. Additional factors potentially influencing quality of life (QoL) and outcome in CTEPH are yet to be defined. Child maltreatment is a major risk factor for unfavorable behavioral, mental as well as physical health outcomes and has been associated with decreased QoL. To date, no study assessed the impact of childhood trauma in patients with CTEPH. Methods Patients with CTEPH were invited to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data were compared to prevalence data from the German population. Mental well-being was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and quality of life was measured using the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL). Furthermore, lifestyle factors and physical health parameters were studied.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate a possible impact of child maltreatment on markers of disease severity. Results One-hundred and seven patients with CTEPH completed the CTQ. These patients reported higher rates of emotional abuse and physical abuse and emotional neglect compared to the German population while rates of physical neglect and sexual abuse did not differ between patients and German population with prevalence of 20.6% for emotional abuse, 20% for physical abuse, 22% for emotional neglect, 46% for physical neglect, and 6% for sexual abuse in patients with CTEPH. Higher CTQ scores were associated with anxiety symptoms as well as negatively associated with QoL. No direct impact of childhood trauma on CTEPH severity was found. Conclusion We found a higher rate of child maltreatment in patients with CTEPH in comparison to the German population. Correlations suggest moderate associations between CTQ scores and mental health and QoL. Child maltreatment had no significant impact on disease severity. Further investigation on proper interventions to support affected patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lepsy
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madelaine-Rachel Dering
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Meltendorf
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M. Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Heitland
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan C. Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Da-Hee Park
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel J. Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A. Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Kerckhoff Heart, Rheuma and Thoracic Center, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Karen M. Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL/BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Nagy SA, Kürtös Z, Németh N, Perlaki G, Csernela E, Lakner FE, Dóczi T, Czéh B, Simon M. Childhood maltreatment results in altered deactivation of reward processing circuits in depressed patients: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of a facial emotion recognition task. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100399. [PMID: 34646916 PMCID: PMC8495173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance and objectives Childhood adversity is a strong risk factor for the development of various psychopathologies including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, not all depressed patients experience early life trauma. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using facial emotion processing tasks have documented altered blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in specific cortico-limbic networks both in MDD patients and in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM). Therefore, a history of maltreatment may represent a key modulating factor responsible for the altered processing of socio-affective stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we recruited MDD patients with and without of maltreatment history to study the long-term consequences of childhood trauma and examined the impact of CM on brain activity using a facial emotion recognition fMRI task. Methods MDD patients with childhood maltreatment (MDD + CM, n = 21), MDD patients without maltreatment (MDD, n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 21) matched for age, sex and intelligence quotient underwent fMRI while performing a block design facial emotion matching task with images portraying negative emotions (fear, anger and sadness). The history of maltreatment was assessed with the 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Both MDD and MDD + CM patients displayed impaired accuracy to recognize sad faces. Analysis of brain activity revealed that MDD + CM patients had significantly reduced negative BOLD signals in their right accumbens, subcallosal cortex, and anterior paracingulate gyrus compared to controls. Furthermore, MDD + CM patients had a significantly increased negative BOLD response in their right precentral and postcentral gyri compared to controls. We found little difference between MDD and MDD + CM patients, except that MDD + CM patients had reduced negative BOLD response in their anterior paracingulate gyrus relative to the MDD group. Conclusions Our present data provide evidence that depressed patients with a history of maltreatment are impaired in facial emotion recognition and that they display altered functioning of key reward-related fronto-striatal circuits during a facial emotion matching task. History of childhood maltreatment (CM) can alter socio-cognitive functioning in adults. We studied depressed patients with and without CM with age, gender and IQ matched controls. Brain activity was assessed with fMRI using a facial emotion matching task. CM patients had impaired accuracy to recognize facial emotions, especially sadness. CM patients had altered negative BOLD signals in their fronto-striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Anett Nagy
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kürtös
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Németh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Perlaki
- MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csernela
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Flóra Elza Lakner
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dóczi
- MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Pécs Diagnostic Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
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5
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Proskynitopoulos PJ, Heitland I, Glahn A, Bauersachs J, Westhoff-Bleck M, Kahl KG. Prevalence of Child Maltreatment in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and Its Relationship With Psychological Well-Being, Health Behavior, and Current Cardiac Function. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:686169. [PMID: 34381388 PMCID: PMC8350035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.686169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of child maltreatment in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has not been assessed so far. Child maltreatment is a major risk factor for unfavorable behavioral, mental, and physical health outcomes and has been associated with decreased quality of life. Given the increased survival time of ACHD, it is essential to assess factors that may worsen the quality of life and interact with classical cardiovascular risk factors and mental well-being. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 196 ACHD (mean age 35.21 ± 11.24 y, 44,4% female, 55.6% male) completed a thorough psychiatric and cardiac evaluation. Child maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and rates were compared to already existing data from the German general population. Further psychological measurements included the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and assessment of lifestyle factors (exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index). To identify a relationship between current cardiac function and child maltreatment, we used logistic regression. Results: ACHD reported significantly higher rates of emotional neglect and emotional abuse and sexual abuse and lower rates of physical neglect when compared to the general German population. In addition, total CTQ-scores, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse correlated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and negatively correlated with QoL. Furthermore, CTQ scores contributed significantly in predicting higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) scores (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Child maltreatment is more common in ACHD and associated with decreased quality of life and depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we found evidence that self-reported child maltreatment is associated with decreased cardiac function. Given the longer survival time of patients with ACHD, identifying factors that may negatively influence the disease course is essential. The negative consequences of child maltreatment may be the subject of psychosocial interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in treating posttraumatic stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivo Heitland
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Alexander Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Adult Congenital Heart Centre, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mechthild Westhoff-Bleck
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Adult Congenital Heart Centre, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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DeRosse P, Ikuta T, Karlsgodt KH, Szeszko PR, Malhotra AK. History of childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced fractional anisotropy of the accumbofrontal 'reward' tract in healthy adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:353-361. [PMID: 32125612 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious outcomes associated with exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) are well known and may be at least partially mediated by self-harm behaviors. It has been suggested that these self-harm behaviors serve as a means of decreasing negative mood states but the effects of CM on health outcomes may be much more sinister. A wealth of data suggest that CM may lead to experience-dependent changes in neural circuits underlying reward processes; processes associated with many harmful behaviors. The present study examined the relationship between a history of CM and the microstructure of a white matter tract that may be central to reward processes. Healthy adults (N = 122) were assessed with a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) exam and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Probabilistic tractography was used to delineate the accumbofrontal "reward" tract, connecting the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, and measures of white matter microstructure were extracted. We then examined whether variation in CTQ scores were associated with variation in the microstructure of this tract as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA). After accounting for the effects of age and sex, the CTQ total score accounted for approximately 6% of the variance of FA in the accumbofrontal tract (F(3, 121) = 5.74; p = .001). Post hoc analyses indicated that the overall severity of CM, rather than a specific type of maltreatment, drove this result. These findings indicate that CM influences white matter microstructure in a fiber tract that is likely central to reward processes and adds to a growing literature implicating CM in long-term health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela DeRosse
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA. .,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
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Abstract
Background: Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) have been included in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Although the validity of CPTSD has been controversial, a growing number of studies support the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD. However, the majority of this research has originated in high-income countries (HICs), whereas the prevalence of trauma experience associated with PTSD/CPTSD diagnosis is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study assessed whether a sample from an LMIC setting produced distinct classes that reflect ICD-11 criteria for PTSD and CPTSD. Furthermore, this study investigated whether childhood trauma distinguished between PTSD and CPTSD. Method: International Trauma Questionnaire responses from a sample of South African university undergraduates were used as indicator variables in a latent class analysis (LCA). Chi-squared tests of independence and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to assess between-class differences. Results: The LCA identified four distinct classes: a PTSD class with elevated symptoms of PTSD, but low endorsement of disturbances in self-organization (DSO; symptoms that are specific to CPTSD); a CPTSD class with elevated symptoms of PTSD and DSO; a DSO class with low symptoms of PTSD, but elevated symptoms of DSO; and a Low class with low endorsements on all symptoms. Regarding childhood trauma, participants in the CPTSD class had more severe childhood abuse and neglect, specifically emotional abuse and neglect, than participants in the PTSD class. Conclusions: Findings were consistent with the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD symptom profiles in the ICD-11. Our findings support a similar qualitative distinction between PTSD and CPTSD in our LMIC context, as previously reported in HICs. This distinction is especially relevant in LMICs because of the significant number of individuals vulnerable to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rink
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gosia Lipinska
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Schorr MT, Tietbohl-Santos B, de Oliveira LM, Terra L, de Borba Telles LE, Hauck S. Association between different types of childhood trauma and parental bonding with antisocial traits in adulthood: A systematic review. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 107:104621. [PMID: 32603957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASPD describes individuals with a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others that begins in childhood and continues into adulthood. The relationship between parental bonding, trauma, and ASPD is well established, however, it remains unclear what types of trauma or which patterns of bonding are more associated with ASPD. OBJECTIVES Review the literature regarding what types of trauma and bonding characteristics were related to antisocial personality traits. METHOD Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scielo for studies about the relationship between antisocial personality traits and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and/or the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). RESULTS 357 abstracts were selected, and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Regarding CTQ, the most consistent finding was the association between physical abuse and neglect to antisocial traits. Sexual abuse was the variable least related to antisocial traits. Regarding PBI, the most consistent finding was the inverse relationship between maternal and paternal care and antisocial traits. Concerning overprotection, the data is less consistent. Also, there was a considerable heterogenity between studies. CONCLUSIONS The literature little explores how these variables interact with each other. Thus, more studies are important to aidpolitical,educational, and public health programs to create preventive initiatives for ASPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Teixeira Schorr
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Research Laboratory in Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Tietbohl-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Research Laboratory in Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Mendes de Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Research Laboratory in Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Terra
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Research Laboratory in Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Lisieux Elaine de Borba Telles
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Forensic Psychiatric Institute 'Doutor Maurício Cardoso', Bento Gonçalves Av., 2850, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-003, Brazil.
| | - Simone Hauck
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil; Research Laboratory in Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Bock BB, Bastos CR, Ardais AP, Grellert M, de Carvalho HW, Farias CP, Jansen K, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Portela LV, Kaster MP, Lara DR, Ghisleni G. Temperament traits moderate the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Interleukin 1β profile in young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104671. [PMID: 32422464 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life stressors, such as childhood trauma, have been associated to alterations in immune response that can last until adulthood. In this context, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) emerges as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role. Also, considering the temperament differences in stress susceptibility, and even immune dysfunction, studies investigating the complex interaction between these factors are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the moderating role of temperament traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and serum IL-1β levels. This cross-sectional study consisted of 325 individuals, men and women, aged 18-35, enrolled from a population-based study in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Our main results indicate that higher serum levels of IL-1β were associated with trauma severity (p < 0.01), and the variance of anger could explain 29% of IL-1β increase in individuals who suffered severe trauma (p < 0.05). The effect of anger was considerably stronger in men than in women (46% and 25%, respectively). Moreover, the variance of sensitivity also explained 15% of IL-1β increase (p < 0.05) as well as the variance of volition explained 11% of IL-1β decrease (p < 0.05) in individuals who suffered severe trauma in the general population. Our results indicate that emotional individual differences can moderate the impact of childhood trauma on low-grade inflammation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Bueno Bock
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrônica e Computação, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Yrondi A, Valton L, Bouilleret V, Aghakhani N, Curot J, Birmes PJ. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder With Flashbacks of an Old Childhood Memory Triggered by Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery in Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32411032 PMCID: PMC7198875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plethora of data show that the hippocampus and the amygdala are involved in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neural dysfunctions leading to PTSD (e.g. how the amygdala and the hippocampus are altered) are only partially known. The unusual case of a patient presenting with refractory epilepsy and developing PTSD immediately after surgery is described. Such symptoms in epileptic patients may help to explore PTSD mechanisms. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old male suffering from partial refractory temporal lobe epilepsy was operated in May 2017. A right amygdala, hippocampus, and temporal pole selective resection was performed. He experienced intense PTSD symptoms 1 month after surgery. He complained about repetitive intrusive memories of abuse. The PTSD checklist score was equal to 62/80. He reported a history of childhood abuse: physical and emotional abuse as well as emotional negligence, assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. No other medical history was recorded. He never complained about PTSD or any other psychiatric symptoms before surgery. CONCLUSION this case indicates that PTSD may occur after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery and may specifically stem, as in this context, from the excision of part of the medial temporal lobe structures. Although rarely reported, PTSD may be undiagnosed when not selectively detected via multi-disciplinary neurological and psychiatric management, in the preoperative period and the immediate and delayed postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Viviane Bouilleret
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et D'épileptologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nozar Aghakhani
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Jean Birmes
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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11
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Brühl A, Kley H, Grocholewski A, Neuner F, Heinrichs N. Child maltreatment, peer victimization, and social anxiety in adulthood: a cross-sectional study in a treatment-seeking sample. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:418. [PMID: 31882002 PMCID: PMC6935074 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities, especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and peer victimization are considered to be crucial risk factors for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We investigated whether particular forms of retrospectively recalled childhood adversities are specifically associated with SAD in adulthood or whether we find similar links in other anxiety or depressive disorders. METHODS Prevalences of adversities assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a questionnaire of stressful social experiences (FBS) were determined in N = 1091 outpatients. Adversity severities among patients with SAD only (n = 25), specific phobia only (n = 18), and generalized anxiety disorder only (n = 19) were compared. Differences between patients with anxiety disorders only (n = 62) and depressive disorders only (n = 239) as well as between SAD with comorbid depressive disorders (n = 143) and SAD only were tested. RESULTS None of the adversity types were found to be specifically associated with SAD and severities did not differ among anxiety disorders but patients with depressive disorders reported more severe emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse than patients with anxiety disorders. SAD patients with a comorbid depressive disorder also reported more severe adversities across all types compared to SAD only. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that particular forms of recalled childhood adversities are not specifically associated with SAD in adulthood. Previously established links with SAD may be better explained by comorbid depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Brühl
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hanna Kley
- 0000 0001 0944 9128grid.7491.bDepartment of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Outpatient clinic, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anja Grocholewski
- 0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- 0000 0001 0944 9128grid.7491.bDepartment of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Outpatient clinic, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- 0000 0001 2297 4381grid.7704.4Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany ,0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Engelstad KN, Rund BR, Lau B, Vaskinn A, Torgalsbøen AK. Increased prevalence of psychopathy and childhood trauma in homicide offenders with schizophrenia compared to nonviolent individuals with schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:501-508. [PMID: 31443617 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1656777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Schizophrenia is associated with an increased homicide risk. Personality pathology, particularly antisocial personality disorder and psychopathic traits, has been associated with increased violence risk in schizophrenia. Childhood trauma, more specifically physical abuse, has been associated with violence risk in healthy populations and in individuals with mental illness. It is, however, unclear how childhood trauma relates to homicide in schizophrenia. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to concurrently examine personality pathology and childhood trauma in a group consisting solely of homicide offenders with schizophrenia (HOS). HOS is compared to nonviolent participants with the same diagnosis (non-HOS). Additionally, currently assessed demographical and clinical characteristics of a Norwegian sample of HOS are reported. Materials and methods: Two groups of participants with schizophrenia were recruited in collaboration with in and outpatient clinics across Norway, HOS (n= 26) and non-HOS (n= 28). Assessments of personality pathology and childhood trauma were conducted, and information about clinical and demographical characteristics was registered. Results: HOS participants had significantly higher psychopathy scores, and more frequently reported moderate to severe childhood physical abuse than non-HOS participants. When simultaneously added to a logistic regression model, only psychopathy uniquely contributed to explaining group membership. Conclusions: Psychopathy and physical abuse was more prevalent among HOS participants compared to non-HOS, but only psychopathy independently predicted homicidal status. These results confirm the importance of including an evaluation of psychopathic traits in violence risk assessments of individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Research Department, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Drammen , Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjørn Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,Department of Research, Lovisenberg Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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13
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Kongerslev MT, Bach B, Rossi G, Trauelsen AM, Ladegaard N, Løkkegaard SS, Bo S. Psychometric validation of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form ( CTQ-SF) in a Danish clinical sample. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 94:104026. [PMID: 31154112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely utilized self-report instrument in the assessment and characterization of childhood trauma. Yet, research on the instrument's psychometric properties in clinical samples is sparse, and the Danish version of the CTQ-SF has not been previously evaluated in clinical samples. OBJECTIVES To examine the structural validity, internal consistency reliability, and multi-method convergent validity of the CTQ-SF in a heterogenous clinical sample from Denmark. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study was based on data from four Danish clinical samples (N = 393): 1) Outpatients diagnosed with personality disorders, 2) Patients commencing psychiatric treatment for non-affective first-episode psychosis, 3) Patients diagnosed with first-episode or prolonged depression recruited from general practitioners and an outpatient mood disorder clinic, and 4) detained delinquent boys. METHODS Confirmatory factor analysis was used to explore structural validity. Also, we calculated internal consistency and multi-method convergent validity with interview-based ratings of adverse parenting. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the five-factor structure described in CTQ-SF manual with three error correlated items best fitted the data, as compared to various other models. Coefficients of congruence also supported factorial similarity across countries (i.e. US substance abuser and a mixed Brazilian sample). Internal consistency reliability was acceptable and comparable to estimates previously published. Multi-method convergent validity associations further corroborated the validity of the CTQ-SF. CONCLUSION These findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the Danish version of the CTQ-SF in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey T Kongerslev
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Faelledvej 6, 4200 Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Faelledvej 6, 4200 Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark.
| | - Gina Rossi
- Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Personality and Psychopathology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne M Trauelsen
- Psychotherapeutic Ambulatory, Mental Health Center Amager, Digevej 10, Capital Region, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicolai Ladegaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Sille S Løkkegaard
- Danish National Center for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Sune Bo
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Faelledvej 6, 4200 Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark.
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14
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Bani-Fatemi A, Tasmim S, Wang KZ, Warsh J, Sibille E, De Luca V. No interaction between polygenic scores and childhood trauma in predicting suicide attempt in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:169-173. [PMID: 30149093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 5% of patients with schizophrenia commit suicide, and 20% to 40% of them have at least one suicide attempt during their lifetime. Previous research has identified childhood trauma as a potential risk factor for suicide attempt in schizophrenia. The Psychiatric Genetics Consortium found 108 common genetic risk loci associated with schizophrenia. Moreover, familial, adoption, and twin studies suggested that suicidal behaviour is under genetic influence. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effect of childhood trauma and schizophrenia polygenic risk in leading to suicide attempt, as well as to determine any interaction effect between the polygenic scores with childhood trauma. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional and retrospective considering lifetime suicide attempt as the main dependent variable. Childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Polygenic Risk Score calculation was done using the genome-analysis toolkit, PLINK. The suicide attempts were recorded using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. RESULTS We included 224 subjects in our sample and 93 attempted suicide at least once in their lifetime. When comparing the weighted scores in attempters and non-attempters, we found no association (p > .05). CONCLUSION Although our results do not support our hypothesis, the interaction analysis of genetic risk for schizophrenia in combination with the history of childhood trauma requires larger samples with high-quality suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Tasmim
- Group for Suicide Studies, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Z Wang
- Group for Suicide Studies, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Group for Suicide Studies, CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Niemegeers P, de Boer P, Schuermans J, Dumont GJH, Coppens V, Spittaels K, Claes S, Sabbe BGC, Morrens M. Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:356-63. [PMID: 30423462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis. METHODS The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 25-45 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 7-14 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive functioning. RESULTS In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls. LIMITIATIONS Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration. CONCULSION Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not.
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Devi F, Shahwan S, Teh WL, Sambasivam R, Zhang YJ, Lau YW, Ong SH, Fung D, Gupta B, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The prevalence of childhood trauma in psychiatric outpatients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:15. [PMID: 31428182 PMCID: PMC6694480 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this present study was to compare the prevalence and type of trauma experienced by community sample with the outpatient sample with mental disorders. METHODS A total of 354 outpatients, aged 14-35 years old, with mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorder were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. A total of 100 healthy controls were recruited from the Singapore general population by snowballing. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) designed to measure childhood trauma and the severity (e.g., physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect) was administered to participants. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from interviews with the participants and from outpatients' medical records, respectively. Independent sample t tests and Chi-square tests were used to investigate the differences between the outpatient and community samples. RESULTS Overall the CTQ-SF total and domain scores indicated that outpatient sample experienced higher rate of traumatic life events in childhood than community sample. Two most reported trauma types were emotional abuse (n = 81, 59.1%) and physical neglect (n = 74, 54%) reported by the mood disorder group. In the community sample, emotional neglect (n = 46, 46%) and physical neglect (n = 18, 18%) were the most commonly reported trauma type. Overall outpatient sample (n = 80, 22.6%) and community sample (n = 28, 28%) reported at least one type of trauma. CONCLUSION The findings indicate higher rates of CTQ-SF total and domain scores in outpatient sample demonstrating a higher rate of traumatic life events in childhood compared to community sample. Further research in childhood trauma is needed to improve the knowledge in psychiatric clinic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Devi
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Yun Jue Zhang
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Ying Wen Lau
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Say How Ong
- 3Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Fung
- 3Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- 2Department of Mood & Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
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17
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Charak R, Tromp NB, Koot HM. Associations of specific and multiple types of childhood abuse and neglect with personality pathology among adolescents referred for mental health services. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:906-14. [PMID: 30551343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the unique association between five types of childhood abuse and neglect and 18 lower-order dimensions of personality pathology, and using latent classes analysis (LCA) explored patterns of childhood abuse or neglect experiences. Further differences across latent classes on personality pathology traits, personality disorder symptom count and a diagnosis of personality disorder were examined. Participants were 178 adolescents and young adults (12-22 years; M = 16.02, 65.7% girls; 83% Axis I/II disorder) from the Netherlands referred for mental health services. Emotional abuse was uniquely associated with 11 personality pathology traits; sexual and physical were associated with three and four traits, respectively. LCA yielded three classes, namely, severe maltreatment (class 1), low-moderate emotional maltreatment and sexual abuse (class 2), and least maltreatment (class 3). After controlling for age, gender, presence of any Axis I disorder, multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that classes with more types of maltreatment experiences and higher severity (classes 1 and 2) endorsed more personality pathology traits, personality disorder symptom counts and a diagnosis of a personality disorder than the least maltreatment class. Findings have theoretical and clinical implications entailing the identification of patterns of maltreatment types and related personality pathology traits among youth.
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18
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Hock RS, Bryce CP, Fischer L, First MB, Fitzmaurice GM, Costa PT, Galler JR. Childhood malnutrition and maltreatment are linked with personality disorder symptoms in adulthood: Results from a Barbados lifespan cohort. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:301-308. [PMID: 30172187 PMCID: PMC6267931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Both childhood malnutrition and maltreatment are associated with mental health problems that can persist into adulthood. Previously we reported that in Barbados, those with a history of infant malnutrition were more likely to report having experienced childhood maltreatment. Few studies, however, address the long-term outcomes of those who have been exposed to both. We assessed the unique and combined associations of a history of early malnutrition and childhood maltreatment with personality pathology in mid-adulthood in participants of the 47-year longitudinal Barbados Nutrition Study. We used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis II Personality Disorders Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II-PQ) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised derived Five-Factor Model (NEO PI-R FFM) personality disorder (PD) scores to assess personality pathology, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) to assess childhood maltreatment, and clinical documentation of malnutrition in infancy. We tested the associations of malnutrition and maltreatment with PD scores using linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for other childhood adversities. We found increased scores for paranoid, schizoid, avoidant, and dependent PDs among those who had been malnourished and increased scores for paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, and avoidant PDs among those with higher childhood maltreatment scores. Overall, those exposed to both adversities had even greater PD scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hock
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Cyralene P Bryce
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Barbados Nutrition Study, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Laura Fischer
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Garrett M Fitzmaurice
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul T Costa
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janina R Galler
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Charak R, de Jong JTVM, Berckmoes LH, Ndayisaba H, Reis R. Assessing the factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and cumulative effect of abuse and neglect on mental health among adolescents in conflict-affected Burundi. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 72:383-392. [PMID: 28917188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein & Fink, 1998), highlight rates of abuse and neglect among Burundian adolescents, compare these rates with those found in high-income nations, and examine the cumulative effect of multiple types of abuse and neglect on depression and PTSD symptoms. Participants were 231 adolescents and youth (M=14.9, SD=1.99, 58.4% female) from five provinces of Burundi, a country in Central Africa affected by war and political violence. Translation and back-translation of the CTQ was carried out to obtain an adaptation of CTQ in Kirundi, the native language of Burundi. With the exception of one item on 'molestation' in the factor of sexual abuse, the five-factor structure of CTQ was obtained comprising latent factors, namely emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect. The rate of abuse and neglect ranged from 14.7-93.5% with more than 37% reporting 4 or more types of abuse and neglect experiences. Emotional abuse and neglect, and physical neglect were 2-3 times higher among Burundian adolescents when compared with studies from high-income countries using the CTQ. A cumulative effect of multiple types of abuse and neglect was found, such that, those with 4 or more types of maltreatment were higher on symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress. Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive, standardized, and validated measures and norms for gauging childhood maltreatment in Burundi and related need for preventative interventions on childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - J T V M de Jong
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Boston University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lidewyde H Berckmoes
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ria Reis
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, The Netherlands; The Children's Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Hassan AN, Stuart EA, De Luca V. Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of suicide attempt in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:572-577. [PMID: 27236409 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the effect of several types of childhood trauma on lifetime suicide attempt in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS We interviewed 361 participants with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma was collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Suicidal attempts were confirmed using subjective and objective validated scales. We applied an observational study design using propensity scores to match individuals with history of childhood trauma to those without past history of trauma. We used logistic regression models to estimate the effect of each type of childhood maltreatment on suicidal attempts controlling for demographics and known suicidal risk factors. RESULTS In our sample, 39.1% of the subjects had lifetime suicide attempt. After matching the two groups and controlling for demographics and clinical confounders, total trauma score and the majority of childhood maltreatment subtypes predicted suicide attempt (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 2.49 with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.02). Physical neglect was not significantly associated with suicide attempt in our sample (p=0.94). CONCLUSION Childhood maltreatment is confirmed to be a strong independent risk factor for suicidal attempts in schizophrenia. The risk is probably aggravated by the development of depressive symptoms and feeling of hopelessness in the adult life. Early screening and modified psychosocial treatment are recommended for psychotic individuals with trauma history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N Hassan
- Group for Suicide Studies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Group for Suicide Studies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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21
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Kuttler H, Schwendemann H, Reis O, Bitzer EM. Developmental Hazards Among Young Alcohol Intoxicated Patients. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59:87-95. [PMID: 27185620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The rising numbers of alcohol intoxicated adolescents (AIA) treated in emergency care units in several European countries have drawn attention to this target group for prevention. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess a broad array of developmental hazards and their stability in AIA and to compare their distribution with representative samples (RS). METHODS A multisite cohort study of AIA aged 13-17 years assessed, in the hospital (t0) and 6 months later (t1), (family) violence, cannabis and alcohol use, school problems, delinquency, homelessness, depression, and suicidality, using items from representative German surveys: Children and Adolescent Health Survey (KiGGS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Communities That Care Youth Survey. We calculated the differences between AIA and RS and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. For AIA respondents who completed t0 and t1 information, we calculated prevalence/persistence/incidence of developmental hazards and corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 342 AIA participated at t0, 228 at t1 (67%). AIA had a significantly higher burden of concomitant risks regarding physical and emotional family abuse, (sexual) victimization, cannabis use, binge drinking, school expulsion, police arrest, gang membership, and being violent. Six months after hospitalization, emotional family abuse (34.1%), cannabis use (23.5%), depression (14.8%), and being violent (13.2%) were especially prevalent. CONCLUSIONS Developmental hazards are up to six times more prevalent in AIA than in RS. Therefore, when assessing the risk profile of AIA, it is important to consider developmental hazards as well as detrimental alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kuttler
- Public Health & Health Education, Freiburg University of Education, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hanna Schwendemann
- Public Health & Health Education, Freiburg University of Education, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Reis
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Rostock University of Medicine, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Bitzer
- Public Health & Health Education, Freiburg University of Education, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Glaesmer H. Assessing childhood maltreatment on the population level in Germany: findings and methodological challenges. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:15. [PMID: 27303440 PMCID: PMC4906889 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is both prevalent and consequential. Unfortunately little is known about the true prevalence of CM in the general population in Germany. The differences between findings from top down vs. bottom up approaches and the problem of the dark field of CM is discussed. Different assessment methods like trauma lists, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS) are described and the respective findings about the prevalence of CM in the adult German general population are discussed. With the example of childhood sexual abuse (SA) the challenges of quantification of CM is shown up. For instance, even if all the prevalence findings were based on methodologically sound large-scale studies, it could only be assumed that the retrospectively investigated prevalence of SA in the German general population ranges between 1.0 and 12.6 % in different studies. These findings provide an insight into the complexity of the quantification of the true prevalence of CM on the population level. Hopefully it reminds the readers of handling prevalence rates of CM carefully and to dip into the methodology of the studies before citing the respective prevalence of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Gorodetsky E, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Roy A, Goldman D, Enoch MA. Predictors for self-directed aggression in Italian prisoners include externalizing behaviors, childhood trauma and the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:465-73. [PMID: 27062586 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior and self-mutilation can be regarded as the expression of self-directed aggression and both are common in prison populations. We investigated the influence of externalizing behaviors, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, 5-HTTLPR variants on self-directed aggression (N = 145) in a group of 702 male Italian prisoners. Participants were comprehensively evaluated, including for psychiatric disorders, impulsive traits, lifetime aggressive behavior [Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA)], hostility, violent behavior during incarceration, depressive symptomatology [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)], childhood trauma [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. Logistic regression analysis showed false discovery rate corrected independent main effects of externalizing behaviors: BGHA (P = 0.001), violent behavior in jail (P = 0.007), extraversion (P = 0.015); HDRS (P = 0.0004), Axis I disorders (P = 0.015), CTQ (P = 0.004) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (P = 0.02). Carriers of 5-HTTLPR high (LA LA ), intermediate (LA LG , SLA ) activity variants were more likely to have exhibited self-directed aggression relative to the low activity (LG LG , SLG , SS) variant: high/low: odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.68, P = 0.007; intermediate/low: OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.09-3.68, P = 0.025. The CTQ main effect was driven by physical abuse. There was no interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR and CTQ. Secondary logistic regression analyses in (1) all suicide attempters (N = 88) and (2) all self-mutilators (N = 104), compared with controls showed that in both groups, childhood trauma (P = 0.008-0.01), depression (P = 0.0004-0.001) were strong predictors. BGHA, violent behavior in jail predicted self-mutilation (P = 0.002) but not suicide attempts (P = 0.1). This study was able to distinguish differing influences on self-directed aggression between groups of closely related predictor variables within the externalizing behavioral domain. 5-HTTLPR had an independent, variant dosage effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - V Carli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Center for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Institute of Health for Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - D Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M-A Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
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24
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Bani-Fatemi A, Graff A, Zai C, Strauss J, De Luca V. GWAS analysis of suicide attempt in schizophrenia: Main genetic effect and interaction with early life trauma. Neurosci Lett 2016; 622:102-6. [PMID: 27109790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide attempt in schizophrenia is an important clinical issue. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic markers, which increase the risk for suicide attempt in schizophrenia. METHODS Suicide attempt lifetime was assessed in 121 schizophrenia patients and defined by the means of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Genotype distribution of 1,205,383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with suicide attempt lifetime (n=53) was compared to that in patients without any suicide attempt lifetime (n=68). The same SNPs were analyzed in interaction with childhood trauma. RESULTS None of the variants reached genome-wide significance after multiple test correction. However, the most nominally significant SNP in the in the main genetic model was rs12895203 (p=0.00001) and the top SNP interacting with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was the marker rs7897059 (p=0.00005). The odds-ratio of the top SNP in the main-genetic effect model was 3.91 and in the gene-early trauma interaction model was 1.13. CONCLUSIONS Although our data need to be interpreted carefully owing to the small numbers in this cohort and because the results reached just the nominal significance, they suggest that a combination of genetic markers and early life stress might indeed be used to identify patients at risk for suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bani-Fatemi
- Group for Suicide Studies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Strauss
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Group for Suicide Studies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Grabe HJ, Wittfeld K, Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Hegenscheid K, Habes M, Homuth G, Barnow S, John U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Meyer zu Schwabedissen H, Freyberger HJ, Hosten N. Effect of the interaction between childhood abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 gene on gray matter volume in a general population sample. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1602-13. [PMID: 26813705 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FKBP5 gene codes for a co-chaperone that regulates glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and thereby impacts the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Evidence suggested that subjects exposed to childhood abuse and carrying the TT genotype of the FKBP5 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780 have an increased susceptibility to stress-related disorders. METHOD The hypothesis that abused TT genotype carriers show changes in gray matter (GM) volumes in affect-processing brain areas was investigated. About 1,826 Caucasian subjects (age ≤ 65 years) from the general population [Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)] in Germany were investigated. The interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and its effect on GM were analyzed. RESULTS Voxel-based whole-brain interaction analysis revealed three large clusters (FWE-corrected) of reduced GM volumes comprising the bilateral insula, the superior and middle temporal gyrus, the bilateral hippocampus, the right amygdala, and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex in abused TT carriers. These results were not confounded by major depressive disorders. In region of interest analyses, highly significant volume reductions in the right hippocampus/parahippocampus, the bilateral anterior and middle cingulate cortex, the insula, and the amygdala were confirmed in abused TT carriers compared with abused CT/CC carriers. CONCLUSION The results supported the hypothesis that the FKBP5 rs1360780 TT genotype predisposes subjects who have experienced childhood abuse to widespread structural brain changes in the subcortical and cortical emotion-processing brain areas. Those brain changes might contribute to an increased vulnerability of stress-related disorders in TT genotype carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Barnow
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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26
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Fitzhenry M, Harte E, Carr A, Keenleyside M, O'Hanrahan K, White MD, Hayes J, Cahill P, Noonan H, O'Shea H, McCullagh A, McGuinness S, Rodgers C, Whelan N, Sheppard N, Browne S. Child maltreatment and adult psychopathology in an Irish context. Child Abuse Negl 2015; 45:101-107. [PMID: 26026360 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One-hundred-ninety-nine adult mental health service users were interviewed with a protocol that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Axis I and II DSM-IV disorders, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the SCORE family assessment measure, the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, and the Readiness for Psychotherapy Index. Compared to a U.S. normative sample, Irish clinical cases had higher levels of maltreatment. Cases with comorbid axis I and II disorders reported more child maltreatment than those with axis I disorders only. There was no association between types of CM and types of psychopathology. Current family adjustment and service needs (but not global functioning and motivation for psychotherapy) were correlated with a CM history. It was concluded that child maltreatment may contribute to the development of adult psychopathology, and higher levels of trauma are associated with co-morbid personality disorder, greater service needs and poorer family adjustment. A history of child maltreatment should routinely be determined when assessing adult mental health service users, especially those with personality disorders and where appropriate evidence-based psychotherapy which addresses childhood trauma should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fitzhenry
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Harte
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Alan Carr
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Clanwilliam Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kevin O'Hanrahan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Megan Daly White
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Cahill
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Ireland
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27
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MacDonald K, Thomas ML, MacDonald TM, Sciolla AF. A perfect childhood? Clinical correlates of minimization and denial on the childhood trauma questionnaire. J Interpers Violence 2015; 30:988-1009. [PMID: 24981003 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514539761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has pervasive and enduring effects on myriad health outcomes, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a widely used screening tool. To assess recall and reporting biases, the CTQ includes a Minimization/Denial (MD) Scale, although this scale is typically omitted or not reported on. As this practice is not supported by empirical data, we sought to examine the clinical correlates of the CTQ MD Scale, as well as its function as a response bias index (i.e., its moderation effects). We examined correlations between the MD Scale and attachment style, temperament, personality, depression, and clinical diagnoses in a group of 200 adult psychiatric outpatients. Regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of MD on the relationships between the CTQ and clinical variables. Twenty percent of our sample met MD criteria. When patients were grouped as MD-positive versus MD-negative, significant between-group differences were found on several clinical measures. MD status, however, did not significantly moderate the relationships between the CTQ and clinical variables. This is one of the first clinically focused examinations of the CTQ's MD Scale. Although the MD Scale was associated with several clinical variables, it did not significantly moderate the relationship between the CTQ and clinical variables. These findings, therefore, call into question the value of the MD Scale as a response bias index, although they should be replicated in larger studies before the currently ubiquitous practice of ignoring it can be considered evidence-based.
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28
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Hassan AN, De Luca V. The effect of lifetime adversities on resistance to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:496-500. [PMID: 25468176 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine whether there is an association between cumulative life adversities and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited 186 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Adverse life-events were assessed using the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Treatment resistant status was identified using the criteria of the American Psychiatric Association for refractory schizophrenia. We performed a multiple logistic regression model, including life adversities, to predict the treatment resistant status controlling for confounding variables. RESULTS Forty two percent of the patients were found to be treatment resistant (n=78) and 58% were non-treatment resistant (n=108). The treatment resistant group had higher score on both SLESQ and CTQ (4.5±3.3 and 54.7±19.7) than the non-treatment resistant group (2.5±2.3 and 47.7±17.5) and the difference between the two groups was significant for both SLESQ (p<0.001) and CTQ (p=0.011). After adjustment for demographic variables and previously reported risk factors of treatment resistance, the association remained significant for SLESQ (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.38; p=0.009) but not for CTQ (p=0.13). DISCUSSION The results suggest that cumulative lifetime adversities could have an independent effect on the resistance to treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Routine assessment of trauma exposures and an individualized bio-psycho-social formulation is necessary for a personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N Hassan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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29
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Charak R, Koot HM. Abuse and neglect in adolescents of Jammu, India: the role of gender, family structure, and parental education. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:590-8. [PMID: 25004808 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the factor structure of the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein & Fink, 1998), and use it to describe the prevalence of abuse and neglect in Indian adolescents, and its associations with gender, family structure (nuclear vs. joint), and level of parental education. Participants were 702 adolescents from Jammu in the age range of 13-17 years (41.5% female). We found acceptance for a four-factor intercorrelated model for the CTQ with emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect (5 emotional neglect and 2 physical neglect items) factors following a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Forty-one to sixty-one percent of adolescents reported maltreatment which is higher in comparison with CTQ based studies from the West. Analysis of CFA with covariates (MIMIC model) indicated that males, and adolescents of less educated mothers' and from joint families reported higher abuse and neglect, and sexual abuse, respectively, while fathers' education level was not associated with abuse or neglect. Implications of these findings are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Charak
- VU University Amsterdam, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Hans M Koot
- VU University Amsterdam, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Aversa LH, Lemmer J, Nunnink S, McLay RN, Baker DG. Impact of childhood maltreatment on physical health-related quality of life in U.S. active duty military personnel and combat veterans. Child Abuse Negl 2014; 38:1382-1388. [PMID: 24690164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found an association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to a lesser extent have considered whether psychiatric symptoms may explain the relationship. This study aimed to further our understanding of the link between CM and HRQoL by testing whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical HRQoL. Mediation models were examined in a sample of male Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) active duty and combat veterans (n=249). PTSD and depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between CM and overall physical HRQoL, as well as participation in daily activities due to physical health, bodily pain, and social functioning. Mediation of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical and social functioning by depression and PTSD symptoms may lend support to neurobiological hypotheses that childhood maltreatment sensitizes the nervous system and after repeated trauma may lead to the development of psychiatric symptoms, which have a major impact on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Aversa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lemmer
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Nunnink
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Dewleen G Baker
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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Gorodetsky E, Bevilacqua L, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Roy A, Goldman D, Enoch MA. The interactive effect of MAOA-LPR genotype and childhood physical neglect on aggressive behaviors in Italian male prisoners. Genes Brain Behav 2014; 13:543-9. [PMID: 24805005 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive disorders are moderately heritable; therefore, identification of genetic influences is important. The X-linked MAOA gene, encoding the MAOA enzyme, has a functional 30 bp repeat polymorphism in the promoter region (MAOA-LPR) that has been shown to influence aggression. Childhood trauma is a known risk factor for numerous psychopathologies in adulthood including aggressive behaviors. We investigated the interactive effect of MAOA-LPR genotype and a history of childhood trauma in predicting aggressive behaviors in a prisoner population. A total of 692 male prisoners were genotyped for MAOA-LPR with genotypes grouped into high and low transcriptional activity. Participant evaluations included measures of aggression (Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression, BGHA), hostility (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), violence directed toward self and others, and childhood trauma [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. MAOA-LPR interacted with CTQ physical neglect (PN), the most common (47%) form of childhood trauma in this sample, to predict BGHA aggression (P = 0.002). Within the group not exposed to PN, carriers of the MAOA-LPR high-activity variant were more aggressive: (tR = 2.47, P < 0.014). We observed a crossover effect in that the increase in aggression scores with PN was greater in low-activity individuals (tR = 5.55, P < 0.0001) than in high-activity individuals (tR = 4.18, P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that childhood trauma and the functional MAOA-LPR polymorphism may interact to specifically increase risk for over aggressive behavior but not impulsivity or hostility. The MAOA-LPR low-activity variant may be protective against the development of aggressive behavior under low stress conditions, at least in this prisoner population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
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Dewailly E, Forde M, Robertson L, Kaddar N, Laouan Sidi EA, Côté S, Gaudreau E, Drescher O, Ayotte P. Evaluation of pyrethroid exposures in pregnant women from 10 Caribbean countries. Environ Int 2014; 63:201-206. [PMID: 24317226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are commonly used in tropical regions such as the Caribbean as household insecticides, pet sprays, and where malaria is endemic, impregnated into mosquito-repellent nets. Of particular concern is exposure during pregnancy, as these compounds have the potential to cross the placental barrier and interfere with fetal development, as was shown in limited animal studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate exposure to pyrethroids to pregnant women residing in 10 English-speaking Caribbean countries. Pyrethroid exposures were determined by analyzing five pyrethroid metabolites in urine samples from 295 pregnant women: cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, and 4-F-3-PBA. Pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in Caribbean pregnant women were generally higher in the 10 Caribbean countries than levels reported for Canadian and U.S. women. In Antigua & Barbuda and Jamaica participants the geometric mean concentrations of cis-DBCA was significantly higher than in the other nine countries together (p<0.0001 and <0.0012 respectively). For cis- and trans-DCCA, only Antigua & Barbuda women differed significantly from participants of the other nine Caribbean countries (p<0.0001). Urinary 4-F-3-PBA and 3-PBA levels were significantly higher in Antigua & Barbuda (p<0.0028 and p<0.0001 respectively) as well as in Grenada (p<0.0001 and p<0.007 respectively). These results indicate extensive use of pyrethroid compounds such as permethrin and cypermethrin in Caribbean households. In Antigua & Barbuda, the data reveals a greater use of deltamethrin. This study underscores the need for Caribbean public health authorities to encourage their populations, and in particular pregnant women, to utilize this class of pesticides more judiciously given the potentially adverse effects of exposure on fetuses and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dewailly
- Laval University CHUQ Research Center, Québec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Forde
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Lyndon Robertson
- Caribbean EcoHealth Programme (CEHP), Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation (WINDREF), St. George's, Grenada
| | - Nisrin Kaddar
- Laval University CHUQ Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Suzanne Côté
- Laval University CHUQ Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Gaudreau
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Ayotte
- Laval University CHUQ Research Center, Québec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada
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Hemmings SMJ, Lochner C, van der Merwe L, Cath DC, Seedat S, Stein DJ. BDNF Val66Met modifies the risk of childhood trauma on obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1857-63. [PMID: 24050777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has been linked to the development of later psychopathology, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although evidence exists to suggest that genetic and environmental factors are involved in the aetiology of OCD, little attention has been paid to the interactions that exist between genes and environment. The aim of this study was to investigate gene-by-environment interactions between childhood trauma and the BDNF Val66Met variant in patients with OCD. Childhood trauma was assessed in 134 OCD patients and 188 controls using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Linear regression models were used for statistical analyses. Gene-environment interactions were estimated by including a combined genotype and CTQ score in the models as interaction terms. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, CTQ minimisation-denial score and home language by including them in the logistic regression models as covariates. Childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse and neglect, increased the odds of having OCD significantly (p < 0.001). Although no significant association was observed between BDNF Val66Met and the development of OCD, interaction analysis indicated that the BDNF Met-allele interacted with childhood emotional abuse to increase the risk of OCD significantly in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.024). To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to investigate gene-environment interactions in OCD, and the findings indicate the importance of collating genetic and environmental variables in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Baumann C, Klauke B, Weber H, Domschke K, Zwanzger P, Pauli P, Deckert J, Reif A. The interaction of early life experiences with COMT val158met affects anxiety sensitivity. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:821-9. [PMID: 24118915 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of anxiety disorders is considered to be multifactorial with a complex interaction of genetic factors and individual environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine gene-by-environment interactions of the genes coding for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) with life events on measures related to anxiety. A sample of healthy subjects (N = 782; thereof 531 women; mean age M = 24.79, SD = 6.02) was genotyped for COMT rs4680 and MAOA-uVNTR (upstream variable number of tandem repeats), and was assessed for childhood adversities [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)], anxiety sensitivity [Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)] and anxious apprehension [Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)]. Main and interaction effects of genotype, environment and gender on measures related to anxiety were assessed by means of regression analyses. Association analysis showed no main gene effect on either questionnaire score. A significant interactive effect of childhood adversities and COMT genotype was observed: Homozygosity for the low-active met allele and high CTQ scores was associated with a significant increment of explained ASI variance [R(2) = 0.040, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected P = 0.04]. A borderline interactive effect with respect to MAOA-uVNTR was restricted to the male subgroup. Carriers of the low-active MAOA allele who reported more aversive experiences in childhood exhibited a trend for enhanced anxious apprehension (R(2) = 0.077, FDR corrected P = 0.10). Early aversive life experiences therefore might increase the vulnerability to anxiety disorders in the presence of homozygosity for the COMT 158met allele or low-active MAOA-uVNTR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baumann
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy); Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
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Lu S, Peng H, Wang L, Vasish S, Zhang Y, Gao W, Wu W, Liao M, Wang M, Tang H, Li W, Li W, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Li L. Elevated specific peripheral cytokines found in major depressive disorder patients with childhood trauma exposure: a cytokine antibody array analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:953-61. [PMID: 23639406 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration the previous evidence of revealing the relationship of early life adversity, major depressive disorder (MDD), and stress-linked immunological changes, we recruited 22 MDD patients with childhood trauma exposures (CTE), 21 MDD patients without CTE, and 22 healthy controls without CTE, and then utilized a novel cytokine antibody array methodology to detect potential biomarkers underlying MDD in 120 peripheral cytokines and to evaluate the effect of CTE on cytokine changes in MDD patients. Although 13 cytokines were identified with highly significant differences in expressions between MDD patients and normal controls, this relationship was significantly attenuated and no longer significant after consideration of the effect of CTE in MDD patients. Depressed individuals with CTE (TD patients) were more likely to have higher peripheral levels of those cytokines. Severity of depression was associated with plasma levels of certain increased cytokines; meanwhile, the increased cytokines led to a proper separation of TD patients from normal controls during clustering analyses. Our research outcomes add great strength to the relationship between depression and cytokine changes and suggest that childhood trauma may play a vital role in the co-appearance of cytokine changes and depression.
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Aas M, Haukvik UK, Djurovic S, Bergmann Ø, Athanasiu L, Tesli MS, Hellvin T, Steen NE, Agartz I, Lorentzen S, Sundet K, Andreassen OA, Melle I. BDNF val66met modulates the association between childhood trauma, cognitive and brain abnormalities in psychoses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:181-8. [PMID: 23876786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for brain development and plasticity, and here we tested if the functional BDNF val66met variant modulates the association between high levels of childhood abuse, cognitive function, and brain abnormalities in psychoses. METHOD 249 patients with a broad DSM-IV schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder were consecutively recruited to the TOP research study (mean±age: 30.7±10.9; gender: 49% males). History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed through a standardized neuropsychological test battery. BDNF val66met was genotyped using standardized procedures. A sub-sample of n=106 Caucasians with a broad DSM-IV schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder (mean±age: 32.67±10.85; 49% males) had data on sMRI. RESULTS Carriers of the Methionine (met) allele exposed to high level of childhood abuse demonstrated significantly poorer cognitive functioning compared to homozygotic Valine (val/val) carriers. Taking in consideration multiple testing, using a more conservative p value, this was still shown for physical abuse and emotional abuse, as well as a trend level for sexual abuse. Further, met carriers exposed to high level of childhood sexual abuse showed reduced right hippocampal volume (r(2)=0.43; p=0.008), and larger right and left lateral ventricles (r(2)=0.37; p=0.002, and r(2)=0.27; p=0.009, respectively). Our findings were independent of age, gender, diagnosis and intracranial volume. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that in patients with psychoses, met carriers of the BDNF val66met with high level of childhood abuse have more cognitive and brain abnormalities than all other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Psychosis Research Unit, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Okazaki S, Nakano S, Matsui D, Akaji S, Inagaki K, Asano Y. X-ray crystallographic evidence for the presence of the cysteine tryptophylquinone cofactor in L-lysine ε-oxidase from Marinomonas mediterranea. J Biochem 2013; 154:233-6. [PMID: 23908359 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have determined the x-ray crystal structure of L-lysine ε-oxidase from Marinomonas mediterranea in its native and L-lysine-complex forms at 1.94- and 1.99-Å resolution, respectively. In the native enzyme, electron densities clearly indicate the presence of cysteine tryptophylquinone (CTQ) previously identified in quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase. In the L-lysine-complex, an electron density corresponding to the bound L-lysine shows that its ε-amino group is attached to the C6 carbonyl group of CTQ, suggesting the formation of a Schiff-base intermediate. Collectively, the present crystal structure provides the first example of an enzyme employing a tryptophylquinone cofactor in an amine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okazaki
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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