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Parisi A, Delaunay B, Pinterpe G, Hollebecque A, Blanc JF, Bouattour M, Assenat E, Ben Abdelghani M, Sarabi M, Niger M, Vivaldi C, Mandalà M, Palloni A, Bensi M, Garattini SK, Tougeron D, Combe P, Salati M, Rimini M, Cella CA, Tucci M, Diana A, Mori E, Longarini R, Artru P, Roth G, Evesque L, Vienne A, Turpin A, Hiret S, Bourgeois V, Herve C, Paulon R, Stacoffe M, Malka D, Neuzillet C, Edeline J, Lievre A, Guimbaud R, Chapda MCP, Rimassa L, Giampieri R, Valle J, Berardi R, Fares N. Pemigatinib for patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements: A joint analysis of the French PEMI-BIL and Italian PEMI-REAL cohort studies. Eur J Cancer 2024; 200:113587. [PMID: 38340384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemigatinib is approved for patients with pretreated, locally advanced or metastatic CCA harboring FGFR2 rearrangements or fusions. We aim to assess the effectiveness and safety of pemigatinib in real-world setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS A joint analysis of two multicentre observational retrospective cohort studies independently conducted in France and Italy was performed. All consecutive FGFR2-positive patients affected by CCA and treated with pemigatinib as second- or further line of systemic treatment in clinical practice, within or outside the European Expanded Access Program, were included. RESULTS Between July 2020 and September 2022, 72 patients were treated with pemigatinib in 14 Italian and 25 French Centres. Patients had a median age of 57 years, 76% were female, 81% had ECOG-PS 0-1, 99% had intrahepatic CCA, 74% had ≥ 2 metastatic sites, 67% had metastatic disease at diagnosis, while 38.8% received ≥ 2 previous lines of systemic treatment. At data cut-off analysis (April 2023), ORR and DCR were 45.8% and 84.7%, respectively. Median DoR was 7 months (IQR: 5.8-9.3). Over a median follow-up time of 19.5 months, median PFS and 1-year PFS rate were 8.7 months and 32.8%. Median OS and 1-year OS rate were 17.1 months and 60.6%. Fatigue (69.4%), ocular toxicity (68%), nail toxicities (61.1%), dermatologic toxicity (41.6%) hyperphosphataemia (55.6%), stomatitis (48.6%), and diarrhea (36.1%) were the most frequent, mainly G1-G2 AEs. Overall incidence of G3 AEs was 22.2%, while no patient experienced G4 AE. Dose reduction and temporary discontinuation were needed in 33.3% and 40.3% of cases, with 1 permanent discontinuation due to AEs. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the effectiveness and safety of pemigatinib in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parisi
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Blandine Delaunay
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy; Digestive Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Hopital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Giada Pinterpe
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et Essais précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | | | - Mohamed Bouattour
- Liver Oncology and Therapeutic Innovation Functional Unit, Beaujon Hospital APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- Medical oncology, ICM - Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Meher Ben Abdelghani
- Oncology Department, ICANS - Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Sarabi
- Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, GI Oncology Department, France; GI Oncology Department, Hôpital privé Jean Mermoz, Lyon, France
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Bensi
- Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Department of Oncology, Academic Hospital of Udine ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine, UD 33100, Italy
| | - David Tougeron
- Université de Poitiers, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Combe
- Medical Oncology, CORT37, Pôle Santé Léonard de Vinci, Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena Cancer Centre, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Rimini
- Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina N. 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Chiara Alessandra Cella
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Diana
- UOC Oncologia - Ospedale del Mare, Naples
| | - Elena Mori
- Department of Medical Oncology, New Hospital of Prato S. Stefano, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Artru
- GI Oncology Department, Hôpital privé Jean Mermoz, Lyon, France
| | - Gael Roth
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes / Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes / Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR 5309-INSERM, U1209, France
| | - Ludovic Evesque
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Agathe Vienne
- Oncology Department, CHU Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Medical Oncology Department, Hopital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Hiret
- Oncology Department, ICO Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Camille Herve
- Digestive Oncology, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste, Grenoble
| | | | - Marion Stacoffe
- Medical Oncology, CHRU Hopitaux de Tours - Hopital Bretonneau, Tours Cedex, France
| | - David Malka
- Medical Oncology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- GI Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Julien Edeline
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Eugene - Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Lievre
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU de Rennes - Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Digestive Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Hopital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Juan Valle
- Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadim Fares
- Digestive Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Hopital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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Yoo C, Lamarca A, Choi HJ, Vogel A, Pishvaian MJ, Goyal L, Ueno M, Märten A, Teufel M, Geng L, Morizane C. Brightline-2: a phase IIa/IIb trial of brigimadlin (BI 907828) in advanced biliary tract cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or other solid tumors. Future Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38214149 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. Blocking the MDM2-p53 interaction, and restoring p53 function, is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy in MDM2-amplified, TP53 wild-type tumors. MDM2 is amplified in several tumor types, including biliary tract cancer (BTC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), lung adenocarcinoma and bladder cancer, all of which have limited treatment options and poor patient outcomes. Brigimadlin (BI 907828) is a highly potent MDM2-p53 antagonist that has shown promising activity in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. This manuscript describes the rationale and design of an ongoing phase IIa/IIb Brightline-2 trial evaluating brigimadlin as second-line treatment for patients with advanced/metastatic BTC, PDAC, lung adenocarcinoma, or bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 0625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Toronto General Hospital, Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | | | - Lipika Goyal
- Stanford Cancer Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Angela Märten
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Michael Teufel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT 0687, USA
| | - Lijiang Geng
- Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Ikuta S, Nakajima T, Fujikawa M, Aihara T, Yamanaka N. Prognostic value of geriatric nutritional risk index for patients with biliary tract cancer undergoing surgical resection - a single-institution retrospective cohort study. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2023; 27:65-70. [PMID: 37794990 PMCID: PMC10546964 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2023.127436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is an index of nutritional status associated with clinical outcomes in various cancers; however, its prognostic value in biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains to be elucidated. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative GNRI and long-term prognosis of patients with BTC undergoing surgical resection. Material and methods A total of 213 patients were included. The relationships between GNRI and clinicopathological variables, including inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lympho-cyte ratio, were analysed. The impact of GNRI on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) was investigated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Results Applying a GNRI cut-off of 98, the low-GNRI group comprised 135 patients (63%). The low-GNRI group had elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and CRP levels, high rates of preoperative biliary stenting, lymph node metastases, and perineural invasion, and a lower rate of R0 resection than the high-GNRI group. Both OS and RFS in the low-GNRI group were significantly lower. In multivariate analysis, low GNRI was a significant predictor of poor OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.731; 95% CI: 1.111-2.696; p = 0.015) and RFS (HR, 1.900; 95% CI: 1.231-2.931; p = 0.004), independently of inflammatory and tumour markers, as well as of pathological features. Conclusions Preoperative GNRI may be an easily accessible predictor of poor prognosis in patients with BTC undergoing surgical resection.
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Zunaidi AA, Lim LH, Metali F. Comparative assessment of the heavy metal phytoextraction potential of vegetables from agricultural soils: A field experiment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13547. [PMID: 36816267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A field study was established to determine the phytoextraction potential of six vegetable species, namely Amaranthus viridis L., Basella alba L., Brassica chinensis var. Parachinensis, Brassica rapa L., Capsicum frutescens L., and Ocimum tenuiflorum L.. These edible plants were selected for their short growth cycles and high biomass production, which are some traits for efficient phytoremediation. Following acid digestion of the soil and vegetable samples using the USEPA 3050B acid digestion method, the extracts were analyzed for Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn using ICP-OES. Results in soil samples showed that the concentrations of both beneficial and essential heavy metals, and non-essential heavy metals are below the WHO, USEPA, and CCME soil quality guidelines. Al is one of the highest concentrations found in the soil samples but it tends to accumulate in the root part of all vegetable species compared to the aboveground parts. In general, B. rapa L. accumulated the highest level of Cd (0.4 mg/kg) and Pb (5.71 mg/kg), while B. alba L. accumulated the highest Cr (2.62 mg/kg) in all plant parts. The findings in this study indicated that Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were mostly accumulated in leaves of A. viridis L. (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), B. alba L. (Co, Fe and Mn), B. chinensis (Mn and Zn) and O. tenuiflorum L. (Mn), and roots of C. frutescens L. (Co, Cu, Fe and Mn), B. alba L. (Co, Cu and Zn), A. viridis L. and B. chinensis (Cu and Fe) and B. rapa L. (Fe). Cr, Pb and Ni were significantly greater in B. alba L. (Cr) And B. rapa L. (Ni and Pb) roots. MTF >1 was observed in the roots of all species for Co, Cd, Zn, and Ni. BTC values varied between the different vegetable species with A. viridis L. having the greatest heavy metal mobility between its plant parts and the best heavy metal phytoextraction potential among other species. The PCA biplots showed that heavy metals were partitioned differently between various plant parts of the vegetable species and can be explained by the first two components (PC1 and PC2) which were associated with the root and/or leaf parts for most vegetable species.
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Chen J, Jin H, Zhou H, Liu K. Effects of Metformin on Risk and Prognosis of Biliary Tract Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59. [PMID: 36837499 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metformin has been found to potentially reduce the risk and improve the prognosis of a variety of tumors, but these findings remain controversial in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between metformin and BTC. Materials and Methods: Two independent researchers comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies published from their inception to 31 March 2022. Comparisons of risk, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with BTC were selected as the endpoints of interest and pooled by random or fixed-effects models. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 24,788,738 participants were eligible for this analysis. The overall pooled effects showed no significant differences in biliary tract cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50-1.35, p = 0.436), OS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.74-1.04, p = 0.135), or DFS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.79-1.34, p = 0.829) between metformin users and non-users. When restricting participants to those with diabetes, a similar negative result was found, demonstrating that metformin use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of developing BTC compared with a lack of metformin use (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.39-1.07, p = 0.089); notably, the included studies exhibited significant heterogeneity in the selection of participants and the definition of metformin users. Conclusions: Metformin may not be able to reduce the risk of BTC and improve prognosis in certain populations. Based on the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the present results should be interpreted within their limitations, and further studies are warranted to determine the optimal timing, dose, duration, and scenario of metformin administration.
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Roderburg C, Essing T, Kehmann L, Krieg S, Labuhn S, Kandler J, Luedde T, Loosen SH. Current Trends in Inpatient Care and In-Hospital Mortality of Cholangiocarcinoma in Germany: A Systematic Analysis between 2010 and 2019. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164038. [PMID: 36011031 PMCID: PMC9406726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant disease of the biliary tract with an increasing incidence and a high mortality worldwide. Systematic data on epidemiological trends, treatment strategies, and in-hospital mortality of CCA in Germany are largely missing. However, the evaluation and careful interpretation of these data could help to further improve the treatment strategies and outcome of CCA patients in the future. Methods: Standardized hospital discharge data from the German Federal Statistical Office were used to evaluate epidemiological and clinical trends as well as the in-hospital mortality of CCA in Germany between 2010 and 2019. Results: A total of 154,515 hospitalized CCA cases were included into the analyses. The number of cases significantly increased over time (p < 0.001), with intrahepatic CCA (62.5%) being the most prevalent tumor localization. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 11.4% and remained unchanged over time. In-hospital mortality was significantly associated with patients’ age and tumor localization. The presence of clinical complications such as (sub)acute liver failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or acute renal failure significantly increased in-hospital mortality up to 77.6%. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower among patients treated at high annual case volume centers. Finally, treatment strategies for CCA significantly changed over time and showed decisive differences with respect to the hospitals’ annual case volume. Conclusions: Our data provide a systematic overview on hospitalized CCA patients in Germany. We identified relevant clinical and epidemiological risk factors associated with an increased in-hospital mortality that could help to further improve framework conditions for the management of CCA patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Essing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Linde Kehmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Labuhn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennis Kandler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven H. Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)211-81-16330; Fax: +49-(0)211-81-04489
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Lees-Shepard JB, Flint K, Fisher M, Omi M, Richard K, Antony M, Chen PJ, Yadav S, Threadgill D, Maihle NJ, Dealy CN. Cross-talk between EGFR and BMP signals regulates chondrocyte maturation during endochondral ossification. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:75-94. [PMID: 34773433 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive maturation of growth plate chondrocytes drives long bone growth during endochondral ossification. Signals from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and from bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), are required for normal chondrocyte maturation. Here, we investigated cross-talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals in developing and adult growth plates. RESULTS Using in vivo mouse models of conditional cartilage-targeted EGFR or BMP2 loss, we show that canonical BMP signal activation is increased in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of EGFR-deficient growth plates; whereas EGFR signal activation is increased in the reserve, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes of BMP2-deficient growth plates. EGFR-deficient chondrocytes displayed increased BMP signal activation in vitro, accompanied by increased expression of IHH, COL10A1, and RUNX2. Hypertrophic differentiation and BMP signal activation were suppressed in normal chondrocyte cultures treated with the EGFR ligand betacellulin, effects that were partially blocked by simultaneous treatment with BMP2 or a chemical EGFR antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Cross-talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals occurs during chondrocyte maturation. In the reserve and prehypertrophic zones, BMP2 signals unilaterally suppress EGFR activity; in the hypertrophic zone, EGFR and BMP2 signals repress each other. This cross-talk may play a role in regulating chondrocyte maturation in developing and adult growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Lees-Shepard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Flint
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Fisher
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minoru Omi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelsey Richard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle Antony
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Po Jung Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nita J Maihle
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caroline N Dealy
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Gou M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Si H, Wang Z, Yan H, Qian N, Dai G. PD-1 Inhibitors Could Improve the Efficacy of Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment in Biliary Tract Cancers: A Propensity Score Matching Based Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648068. [PMID: 34221968 PMCID: PMC8248534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited treatment options for advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, gallbladder cancer. We compared the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment in patients with advanced BTC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with BTC treated at the oncology department of the Chinese PLA general hospital receiving PD-1 inhibitor with chemotherapy (anti-PD-1+C group) or chemotherapy alone (C group). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) (1:1) was performed to balance potential baseline confounding factors. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log-rank tests. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were also analyzed. Results This study included 75 patients who received PD-1 inhibitors (including Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Sintilimab, Toripalimab) plus chemotherapy and 59 patients who received chemotherapy alone. After matching, there were no significant differences between the two groups for baseline characteristics. Within the matched cohort, the median PFS was 5.8m in the anti-PD-1+C group, which was significantly longer than the C group, at 3.2m (HR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.76, P = 0.004). The ORR was 21.7% and DCR was 80.4% in the anti-PD-1+C group, while the ORR was 15.2% and DCR was 69.6% in the C group. No significant differences were found in the ORR and DCR between the two groups (P=0.423, P=0.231). Grade 3 or 4 treatment was related to adverse events (AEs) that occurred in the anti-PD-1+C group, namely hypothyroidism (n=3, 6.5%), rash (n=2, 4.2%), and hepatitis (n=1, 2.2%). There was no AE-related death. The grade 3-4 leukopenia rate was similar in the two groups (4.3% vs. 6.5%). Conclusions Anti-PD-1 therapy plus chemotherapy prolonged the PFS compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced BTC with controllable AEs. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Gou
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiee Liu
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Si
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikuan Wang
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Niansong Qian
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Hainan Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Medical Oncology Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Fan Q, An Z, Wong RA, Luo X, Lu ED, Baldwin A, Mayekar MK, Haderk F, Shokat KM, Bivona TG, Weiss WA. Betacellulin drives therapy resistance in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:457-469. [PMID: 31678994 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) drives progression in glioblastoma (GBM), suggesting STAT3 as a therapeutic target. Surprisingly however, GBM cells generally show primary resistance to STAT3 blockade. METHODS Human glioblastoma cell lines LN229, U87, SF767, and U373, and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) GBM8 and GBM43 were used to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation during STAT3 inhibition. Protein and gene expression experiments, protein stability assays, cytokine arrays, phospho-tyrosine arrays and EGFR-ligand protein arrays were performed on STAT3 inhibitor-treated cells. To evaluate antitumor activity, we administered a betacellulin (BTC)-neutralizing antibody alone and in combination with STAT3 inhibition. BTC is an EGFR ligand. We therefore treated mice with orthotopic xenografts using the third-generation EGFR inhibitor osimertinib, with or without STAT3 knockdown. RESULTS We demonstrate that both small-molecule inhibitors and knockdown of STAT3 led to expression and secretion of the EGFR ligand BTC, resulting in activation of EGFR and subsequent downstream phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Neutralizing antibody against BTC abrogated activation of both EGFR and NF-κB in response to inhibition of STAT3; with combinatorial blockade of STAT3 and BTC inducing apoptosis in GBM cells. Blocking EGFR and STAT3 together inhibited tumor growth, improving survival in mice bearing orthotopic GBM PDXs in vivo. CONCLUSION These data reveal a feedback loop among STAT3, EGFR, and NF-κB that mediates primary resistance to STAT3 blockade and suggest strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhenyi An
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robyn A Wong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Xujun Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Edbert D Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Albert Baldwin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Manasi K Mayekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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10
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Rizzo A, Frega G, Ricci AD, Palloni A, Abbati F, DE Lorenzo S, Deserti M, Tavolari S, Brandi G. Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In Vivo 2020; 34:479-488. [PMID: 32111744 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several clinical trials and advances in understanding the genetic basis of biliary tract cancer (BTC), the addition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy does not seem to enhance the activity of first-line chemotherapy (CHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a meta-analysis of available randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-based first-line CHT plus monoclonal antibodies against EGFR (EGFR-mAbs) in advanced or metastatic BTC. RESULTS In the overall population, the pooled hazard ratio for overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival were 0.82 (95% confidence interval=0.64-1.06) and 0.88 (95% confidence intervaI=0.73-1.08), respectively. No differences were detected in objective response rate between the two groups. Patients treated with gemcitabine-based CHT plus EGFR-mAbs showed a statistically significant increased risk of grade 3-4 neutropenia, grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia and especially grade 3-4 skin rash. CONCLUSION The addition of EGFR-mAbs to gemcitabine-based first-line CHT does not significantly improve overall and progression-free survival, nor the objective response rate in patients with advanced BTC and increases the risk of hematological and cutaneous adverse drug events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Abbati
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania DE Lorenzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Deserti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Hedegger K, Algül H, Lesina M, Blutke A, Schmid RM, Schneider MR, Dahlhoff M. Unraveling ERBB network dynamics upon betacellulin signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1653-1669. [PMID: 32335999 PMCID: PMC7400790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will soon belong to the top three cancer killers. The only approved specific PDAC therapy targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although EGFR is a crucial player in PDAC development, EGFR-based therapy is disappointing. In this study, we evaluated the role of the EGFR ligand betacellulin (BTC) in PDAC. The expression of BTC was investigated in human pancreatic cancer specimen. Then, we generated a BTC knockout mouse model by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and a BTC overexpression model. Both models were crossed with the Ptf1aCre/+ ;KRASG12D/+ (KC) mouse model (B-/- KC or BKC, respectively). In addition, EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB4 were investigated by the pancreas-specific deletion of each receptor using the Cre-loxP system. Tumor initiation and progression were analyzed in all mouse lines, and the underlying molecular biology of PDAC was investigated at different time points. BTC is expressed in human and murine PDAC. B-/- KC mice showed a decelerated PDAC progression, associated with decreased EGFR activation. BKC mice developed severe PDAC with a poor survival rate. The dramatically increased BTC-mediated tumor burden was EGFR-dependent, but also ERBB4 and ERBB2 were involved in PDAC development or progression, as depletion of EGFR, ERBB2, or ERBB4 significantly improved the survival rate of BTC-mediated PDAC. BTC increases PDAC tumor burden dramatically by enhanced RAS activation. EGFR signaling, ERBB2 signaling, and ERBB4 signaling are involved in accelerated PDAC development mediated by BTC indicating that targeting the whole ERBB family, instead of a single receptor, is a promising strategy for the development of future PDAC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hedegger
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
| | - Hana Algül
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical PathologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Second Department of Internal MedicineKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center of the LMU MunichGermany
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12
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D'Alessio A, Personeni N, Pressiani T, Bozzarelli S, Smiroldo V, Simonelli M, Lleo A, Santoro A, Rimassa L. COVID-19 and liver cancer clinical trials: Not everything is lost. Liver Int 2020; 40:1541-1544. [PMID: 32433799 PMCID: PMC7276768 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Alessio
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy
| | - Nicola Personeni
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy,Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (Milan)Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy
| | - Silvia Bozzarelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy
| | - Valeria Smiroldo
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy,Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (Milan)Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (Milan)Italy,Division of Internal Medicine and HepatologyHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy,Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (Milan)Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology UnitHumanitas Cancer CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center‐IRCCSRozzano (Milan)Italy,Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (Milan)Italy
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13
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Loosen SH, Breuer A, Tacke F, Kather JN, Gorgulho J, Alizai PH, Bednarsch J, Roeth AA, Lurje G, Schmitz SM, Brozat JF, Paffenholz P, Vucur M, Ritz T, Koch A, Trautwein C, Ulmer TF, Roderburg C, Longerich T, Neumann UP, Luedde T. Circulating levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predict outcome after resection of biliary tract cancer. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100080. [PMID: 32140677 PMCID: PMC7049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Surgical resection is the only potentially curative therapy for patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), but 5-year survival rates after tumor resection have remained below 30%, corroborating the need for better stratification tools to identify the ideal surgical candidates. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) represents a mediator of inflammation and has been associated with distinct types of cancer. In this study, we evaluated a potential role of suPAR as a novel biomarker in patients undergoing BTC resection. Methods Tumor expression of uPAR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 108 BTC samples. Serum levels of suPAR were analyzed by ELISA in a training and validation cohort comprising a total of 117 patients with BTC and 76 healthy controls. Results High tumoral uPAR expression was associated with an adverse outcome after BTC resection. Accordingly, circulating levels of suPAR were significantly elevated in patients with BTC compared to healthy controls, as well as in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Using a small training set, we established an optimal prognostic suPAR cut-off value of 3.72 ng/ml for patients with BTC. Importantly, preoperative suPAR serum levels above this cut-off value were associated with significantly impaired overall survival in both the training and validation cohort. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis including various clinicopathological parameters such as tumor stage, markers of inflammation and organ dysfunction, as well as tumor markers, revealed circulating suPAR levels as an independent prognostic marker following BTC resection. Finally, high preoperative suPAR levels were indicative of acute kidney injury after tumor resection. Conclusion Circulating suPAR represents a previously unrecognized biomarker in patients with resectable BTC, which might help to preoperatively identify the ideal candidates for liver surgery. Lay summary Surgical resection represents the only curative treatment option for patients with biliary tract cancer, but not all patients benefit to the same extent in terms of overall survival. Here, we provide evidence that serum levels of an inflammatory mediator (suPAR) are indicative of a patient's postoperative outcome and might thus help to identify the ideal surgical candidates. Biliary tract cancer is associated with poor outcomes and increasing incidence. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment option for patients with biliary tract cancer. The identification of ideal surgical candidates has remained challenging. Circulating suPAR represents a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in resectable patients. SuPAR might be useful to identify patients with biliary tract cancer who will benefit most from tumor resection.
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Key Words
- AKI, acute kidney injury
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- BTC
- BTC, biliary tract cancer
- CA19-9
- CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9
- CCA
- CEA
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
- HR, hazard ratio
- IRS, immunoreactive score
- OR, odds ratio
- OS, overall survival
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- acute kidney injury
- biomarker
- cholangiocarcinoma
- suPAR
- suPAR, soluble uPAR
- uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Breuer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joao Gorgulho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick H. Alizai
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali A. Roeth
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia M. Schmitz
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straβe 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom F. Ulmer
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Addresses: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Vega-Benedetti AF, Loi E, Moi L, Blois S, Fadda A, Antonelli M, Arcella A, Badiali M, Giangaspero F, Morra I, Columbano A, Restivo A, Zorcolo L, Gismondi V, Varesco L, Bellomo SE, Giordano S, Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Faloppi L, Puzzoni M, Scartozzi M, Ziranu P, Cabras G, Cocco P, Ennas MG, Satta G, Zucca M, Canzio D, Zavattari P. Clustered protocadherins methylation alterations in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:100. [PMID: 31288858 PMCID: PMC6617643 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clustered protocadherins (PCDHs) map in tandem at human chromosome 5q31 and comprise three multi-genes clusters: α-, β- and γ-PCDH. The expression of this cluster consists of a complex mechanism involving DNA hub formation through DNA-CCTC binding factor (CTCF) interaction. Methylation alterations can affect this interaction, leading to transcriptional dysregulation. In cancer, clustered PCDHs undergo a mechanism of long-range epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation. Results In this study, we detected frequent methylation alterations at CpG islands associated to these clustered PCDHs in all the solid tumours analysed (colorectal, gastric and biliary tract cancers, pilocytic astrocytoma), but not hematologic neoplasms such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Importantly, several altered CpG islands were associated with CTCF binding sites. Interestingly, our analysis revealed a hypomethylation event in pilocytic astrocytoma, suggesting that in neuronal tissue, where PCDHs are highly expressed, these genes become hypomethylated in this type of cancer. On the other hand, in tissues where PCDHs are lowly expressed, these CpG islands are targeted by DNA methylation. In fact, PCDH-associated CpG islands resulted hypermethylated in gastrointestinal tumours. Conclusions Our study highlighted a strong alteration of the clustered PCDHs methylation pattern in the analysed solid cancers and suggested these methylation aberrations in the CpG islands associated with PCDH genes as powerful diagnostic biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0695-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Loredana Moi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sylvain Blois
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Badiali
- Genetic and Genomic Laboratory, Microcitemico Children's Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isabella Morra
- Department of Pathology OIRM-S, Anna Hospital, A.O.U. City of Health and Science, Turin, Italy
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Medical Oncology, Policlinico di Modena Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Faloppi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, ASUR Marche AV3, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ennas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giannina Satta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Canzio
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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15
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Makiuchi T, Sobue T, Kitamura T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Shimazu T, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risks for Biliary Tract Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:180-186. [PMID: 29760302 PMCID: PMC6445799 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking and alcohol are established risk factors for several types of cancer, but the effects on biliary cancers, comprising biliary tract cancer (BTC) and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), have been inconclusive. Methods In this population-based prospective cohort study in Japan, we investigated the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with the risks of BTC and its subtypes and IHBDC incidence in men and women. Furthermore, the association of smoking stratified by drinking status was investigated. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results A total of 48,367 men and 54,776 women aged 40–69 years were enrolled from 1990 through 1994 and followed up for 846,417 person-years in men and 1,021,330 person-years in women until 2012, during which 246 BTC and 80 IHBDC male cases and 227 BTC and 60 IHBDC female cases were identified. In men, smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of IHBDC (HR 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19–4.25 for current smokers with ≥30 pack-years compared with non-smokers), and the risk was enhanced among regular drinkers compared with non/occasional-drinkers (HR 3.48; 95% CI, 1.41–8.61). A non-significant increase of IHBDC risk associated with alcohol was observed. Neither smoking nor alcohol consumption was associated with BTC risk. In women, the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with IHBDC and BTC was unclear because current smokers and regular drinkers were very few. Conclusion Our findings suggest that smoking increases IHBDC risk in men, especially among regular drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Makiuchi
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
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16
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Ma E, Ouahbi T, Wang H, Ahfir ND, Alem A, Hammadi A. Modeling of retention and re-entrainment of mono- and poly-disperse particles: Effects of hydrodynamics, particle size and interplay of different-sized particles retention. Sci Total Environ 2017; 596-597:222-229. [PMID: 28433764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, numerical simulations of experimental data were performed with kinetic rate coefficients to characterize the retention and re-entrainment dynamics under different hydrodynamic conditions for monodisperse and polydisperse latex particles (3, 10, 16μm and the mixture). The results show that drastic increase in fluid velocity provokes hardly any remarkable decrease in retention in the presence of large energy barriers (>2000kT). Systematical increases in deposition and re-entrainment dynamic rates were observed with fluid velocity and/or particle size. Increased irreversible deposition rate indicates straining and wedging dominate deposition in this study. Excess retention of 3μm particle in the polydisperse particle suspension was observed. The origins are reckoned that deposited larger particles may hinder the re-entrainment of smaller particles near the grain-to-grain contact and can provide additional sites of attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Ma
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Tariq Ouahbi
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Nasre-Dine Ahfir
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Abdellah Alem
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Ahmed Hammadi
- Normandie UNIV, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294, CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
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17
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Schulz H, Dahlhoff M, Glogowska A, Zhang L, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Schneider MR, Klonisch T. Betacellulin transgenic mice develop urothelial hyperplasia and show sex-dependent reduction in urinary major urinary protein content. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:33-8. [PMID: 25943456 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands and their cognate ERBB1-4 receptors represent important signaling pathways that regulate tissue and cell proliferation, differentiation and regeneration in a wide variety of tissues, including the urogenital tract. Betacellulin (BTC) can activate all four ERBB tyrosine kinase receptors and is a multifunctional EGF-like ligand with diverse roles in β cell differentiation, bone maturation, formation of functional epithelial linings and vascular permeability in different organs. Using transgenic BTC mice, we have studied the effect of constitutive systemic BTC over-expression on the urinary bladder. BTC was detected in microvascular structures of the stromal bladder compartment and in umbrella cells representing the protective apical lining of the uroepithelium. ERBB1 and ERBB4 receptors were co-localized in the urothelium. Mice transgenic for BTC and double transgenic for both BTC and the dominant kinase-dead mutant of EGFR (Waved 5) developed hyperplasia of the uroepithelium at 5months of age, suggesting that urothelial hyperplasia was not exclusively dependent on ERBB1/EGFR. Mass spectrometric analysis of urine revealed a significant down-regulation of major urinary proteins in female BTC transgenic mice, suggesting a novel role for systemic BTC in odor-based signaling in female transgenic BTC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Schulz
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Glogowska
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Lin Zhang
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Georg J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Dept. of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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18
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Moehler M, Maderer A, Schimanski C, Kanzler S, Denzer U, Kolligs FT, Ebert MP, Distelrath A, Geissler M, Trojan J, Schütz M, Berie L, Sauvigny C, Lammert F, Lohse A, Dollinger MM, Lindig U, Duerr EM, Lubomierski N, Zimmermann S, Wachtlin D, Kaiser AK, Schadmand-Fischer S, Galle PR, Woerns M. Gemcitabine plus sorafenib versus gemcitabine alone in advanced biliary tract cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II AIO study with biomarker and serum programme. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:3125-35. [PMID: 25446376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since sorafenib has shown activity in different tumour types and gemcitabine regimens improved the outcome for biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients, we evaluated first-line gemcitabine plus sorafenib in a double-blind phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS 102 unresectable or metastatic BTC patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of gallbladder or intrahepatic bile ducts, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 were randomised to gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 once weekly, first 7-weeks+1-week rest followed by once 3-weeks+1-week rest) plus sorafenib (400 mg twice daily) or placebo. Treatment continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumour samples were prospectively stained for sorafenib targets and potential biomarkers. Serum samples (first two cycles) were measured for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)α by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Gemcitabine plus sorafenib was generally well tolerated. Four and three patients achieved partial responses in the sorafenib and placebo groups, respectively. There was no difference in the primary end-point, median progression-free survival (PFS) for gemcitabine plus sorafenib versus gemcitabine plus placebo (3.0 versus 4.9 months, P=0.859), and no difference for median overall survival (OS) (8.4 versus 11.2 months, P=0.775). Patients with liver metastasis after resection of primary BTC survived longer with sorafenib (P=0.019) compared to placebo. Patients who developed hand-foot syndrome (HFS) showed longer PFS and OS than patients without HFS. Two sorafenib targets, VEGFR-2 and c-kit, were not expressed in BTC samples. VEGFR-3 and Hif1α were associated with lymph node metastases and T stage. Absence of PDGFRβ expression correlated with longer PFS. CONCLUSION The addition of sorafenib to gemcitabine did not demonstrate improved efficacy in advanced BTC patients. Biomarker subgroup analysis suggested that some patients might benefit from combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - A Maderer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schimanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marienhospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Kanzler
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Leopoldina Hospital, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - U Denzer
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M P Ebert
- 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Distelrath
- Tumor Department, Hospital Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - M Geissler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
| | - J Trojan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schütz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Berie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Sauvigny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Lammert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - A Lohse
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M M Dollinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - U Lindig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - E M Duerr
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Lubomierski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - D Wachtlin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials of the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - A-K Kaiser
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials of the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - S Schadmand-Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - P R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Woerns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) and its signaling have been investigated for many years, but how its different ligands regulate signaling has not been thoroughly explored. When investigating EGFR activation and downstream signaling in HeLa cells using a panel of ligands, we found a ligand-dependent differential activation of EGFR and the signaling pathways Akt, PLCγ and STAT with HB-EGF and BTC being the most potent ligands. All the tested ligands induced full activation of Erk signaling at 1 nM, whereas only HB-EGF and partly BTC and EGF induced strong activation of Akt, STAT3 and PLCγ at this concentration. Interestingly, we also found that the high activation potencies of HB-EGF and BTC could only partially be explained by their binding affinities, and are therefore likely to be regulated by other mechanisms. We thus suggest that the signaling pathways initiated from the EGFR vary depending on the ligands bound in a cell specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Louise Jeppe Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Denmark
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20
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Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four members that belong to the ErbB lineage of proteins (ErbB1-4). These receptors consist of a glycosylated extracellular domain, a single hydrophobic transmembrane segment, and an intracellular portion with a juxtamembrane segment, a protein kinase domain, and a carboxyterminal tail. Seven ligands bind to EGFR including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α, none bind to ErbB2, two bind to ErbB3, and seven ligands bind to ErbB4. The ErbB proteins function as homo and heterodimers. The heterodimer consisting of ErbB2, which lacks a ligand, and ErbB3, which is kinase impaired, is surprisingly the most robust signaling complex of the ErbB family. Growth factor binding to EGFR induces a large conformational change in the extracellular domain, which leads to the exposure of a dimerization arm in domain II of the extracellular segment. Two ligand-EGFR complexes unite to form a back-to-back dimer in which the ligands are on opposite sides of the aggregate. Following ligand binding, EGFR intracellular kinase domains form an asymmetric homodimer that resembles the heterodimer formed by cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase. The carboxyterminal lobe of the activator kinase of the dimer interacts with the amino-terminal lobe of the receiver kinase thereby leading to its allosteric stimulation. Downstream ErbB signaling modules include the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PKB) pathway, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway, and the phospholipase C (PLCγ) pathway. Several malignancies are associated with the mutation or increased expression of members of the ErbB family including lung, breast, stomach, colorectal, head and neck, and pancreatic carcinomas and glioblastoma (a brain tumor). Gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are orally effective protein-kinase targeted quinazoline derivatives that are used in the treatment of ERBB1-mutant lung cancer. Lapatinib is an orally effective quinazoline derivative used in the treatment of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer. Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine, which are given intravenously, are monoclonal antibodies that target the extracellular domain and are used for the treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancer; ado-trastuzumab emtansine is an antibody-drug conjugate that delivers a cytotoxic drug to cells overexpressing ErbB2. Cetuximab and panitumumab are monoclonal antibodies that target ErbB1 and are used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancers treated with these targeted drugs eventually become resistant to them. The role of combinations of targeted drugs or targeted drugs with cytotoxic therapies is being explored in an effort to prevent or delay drug resistance in the treatment of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 116, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742, USA.
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21
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Lu S, Peng H, Wang L, Vasish S, Zhang Y, Gao W, Wu W, Liao M, Wang M, Tang H, Li W, Li W, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Li L. Elevated specific peripheral cytokines found in major depressive disorder patients with childhood trauma exposure: a cytokine antibody array analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:953-61. [PMID: 23639406 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration the previous evidence of revealing the relationship of early life adversity, major depressive disorder (MDD), and stress-linked immunological changes, we recruited 22 MDD patients with childhood trauma exposures (CTE), 21 MDD patients without CTE, and 22 healthy controls without CTE, and then utilized a novel cytokine antibody array methodology to detect potential biomarkers underlying MDD in 120 peripheral cytokines and to evaluate the effect of CTE on cytokine changes in MDD patients. Although 13 cytokines were identified with highly significant differences in expressions between MDD patients and normal controls, this relationship was significantly attenuated and no longer significant after consideration of the effect of CTE in MDD patients. Depressed individuals with CTE (TD patients) were more likely to have higher peripheral levels of those cytokines. Severity of depression was associated with plasma levels of certain increased cytokines; meanwhile, the increased cytokines led to a proper separation of TD patients from normal controls during clustering analyses. Our research outcomes add great strength to the relationship between depression and cytokine changes and suggest that childhood trauma may play a vital role in the co-appearance of cytokine changes and depression.
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