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Zhou S, Quan C, Zhang Z, Gong S, Nawaz S, Zhang Y, Kulyar MFEA, Mo Q, Li J. Leucine improves thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia and gut microbiota dysbiosis in broilers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 275:116260. [PMID: 38564867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Thiram, a commonly used agricultural insecticide and fungicide, has been found to cause tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of leucine in mitigating thiram-induced TD and leucine effects on gut microbial diversity. Broiler chickens were randomly divided into five equal groups: control group (standard diet), thiram-induced group (thiram 80 mg/kg from day 3 to day 7), and different concentrations of leucine groups (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% leucine from day 8 to day 18). Performance indicator analysis and tibial parameter analysis showed that leucine positively affected thiram-induced TD broilers. Additionally, mRNA expressions and protein levels of HIF-1α/VEGFA and Ihh/PTHrP genes were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The results showed that leucine recovered lameness disorder by downregulating the expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and PTHrP while upregulating the expression of Ihh. Moreover, the 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that the leucine group demonstrated a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria compared to the TD group, with an enrichment of beneficial bacteria responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids, including Alistipes, Paludicola, CHKCI002, Lactobacillus, and Erysipelatoclostridium. In summary, the current study suggests that leucine could improve the symptoms of thiram-induced TD and maintain gut microbiota homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Sun Q, Wu S, Liu K, Li Y, Mehmood K, Nazar M, Hu L, Pan J, Tang Z, Liao J, Zhang H. miR-181b-1-3p affects the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in TD broilers through the WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105649. [PMID: 38072524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiram is a plant fungicide, its excessive use has exceeded the required environmental standards. It causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers which is a common metabolic disease that affects the growth plate of tibia bone. It has been studied that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the differentiation of chondrocytes however, their specific roles and mechanisms have not been fully investigated. The selected features of tibial chondrocytes of broilers were studied in this experiment which included the expression of miR-181b-1-3p and the genes related to WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chondrocytes through qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The correlation between miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1 was determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay whereas, the role of miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1/Wnt/β-catenin in chondrocyte differentiation was determined by mimics and inhibitor transfection experiments. Results revealed that thiram exposure resulted in decreased expression of miR-181b-1-3p and increased expression of WIF1 in chondrocytes. A negative correlation was also observed between miR-181b-1-3p and WIF1. After overexpression of miR-181b-1-3p, the expression of ACAN, β-catenin and Col2a1 increased but the expression of GSK-3β decreased. It was observed that inhibition of WIF1 increased the expression of ALP, β-catenin, Col2a1 and ACAN but decreased the expression of GSK-3β. It is concluded that miR-181b-1-3p can reverse the inhibitory effect of thiram on cartilage proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting WIF1 expression and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provides a new molecular target for the early diagnosis and possible treatment of TD in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shouyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Nazar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Burewala, 61010, Pakistan
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Bower AE, Crisomia SJ, Chung JW, Martello JP, Burciu RG. Free water imaging unravels unique patterns of longitudinal structural brain changes in Parkinson's disease subtypes. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1278065. [PMID: 37965163 PMCID: PMC10642764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1278065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research shows that individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have a postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGD) subtype have a faster disease progression compared to those with a tremor dominant (TD) subtype. Nevertheless, our understanding of the structural brain changes contributing to these clinical differences remains limited, primarily because many brain imaging techniques are only capable of detecting changes in the later stages of the disease. Objective Free water (FW) has emerged as a robust progression marker in several studies, showing increased values in the posterior substantia nigra that predict symptom worsening. Here, we examined longitudinal FW changes in TD and PIGD across multiple brain regions. Methods Participants were TD and PIGD enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) study who underwent diffusion MRI at baseline and 2 years later. FW changes were quantified for regions of interest (ROI) within the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Results Baseline FW in all ROIs did not differ between groups. Over 2 years, PIGD had a greater percentage increase in FW in the putamen, globus pallidus, and cerebellar lobule V. A logistic regression model incorporating percent change in motor scores and FW in these brain regions achieved 91.4% accuracy in discriminating TD and PIGD, surpassing models based solely on clinical measures (74.3%) or imaging (76.1%). Conclusion The results further suggest the use of FW to study disease progression in PD and provide insight into the differential course of brain changes in early-stage PD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E. Bower
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sophia J. Crisomia
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Justin P. Martello
- Department of Neurosciences, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Roxana G. Burciu
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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de Lima AM, Frazão NF, Velardez GF. DFT and TD-DFT study of hydrogen bonded complexes of aspartic acid and n water (n = 1 and 2). J Mol Model 2023; 29:94. [PMID: 36905452 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydrogen bonds (HB) influence the conformational preferences of biomolecules and their optical and electronic properties. The directional interaction of molecules of water can be a prototype to understand the effects of HBs on biomolecules. Among the neurotransmitters (NT), L-aspartic acid (ASP) stands out due to its importance in health and as a precursor of several biomolecules. As it presents different functional groups and readily forms inter- and intramolecular HBs, ASP can be considered a prototype for understanding the behavior of NTs when interacting by HB with other substances. Although several theoretical studies have been performed in the past on isolated ASP and its formed complexes with water, both in gas and liquid phases, using DFT and TD-DFT formalisms, these works did not perform large basis set calculations or study electronic transitions of ASP-water complexes. We investigated the HB interactions in complexes of ASP and water molecules. The results show that the interactions between the carboxylic groups of ASP with water molecules, forming cyclic structures with two HBs, lead to more stable and less polar complexes than other conformers formed between water and the NH2 group. It was observed that there is a relationship between the deviation in the UV-Vis absorption band of the ASP and the interactions of water with the HOMO and LUMO orbitals with the stabilization/destabilization of the S1 state to the S0 of the complexes. However, in some cases, such as 1:1 complex ASP-W2, this analysis may be inaccurate due to small changes in ΔE. METHODS We studied the landscapes of the ground state surface of different conformers of isolated L-ASP and the L-ASP-(H2O)n complexes (n = 1 and 2) using the DFT formalism, with the B3LYP functional, and six different basis sets: 6-31 + + G(d,p), 6-311 + + G(d,p), D95 + + (d,p), D95V + + (d,p), cc-pVDZ, and, cc-pVTZ basis sets. The cc-pVTZ basis set provides the minimum energy of all conformers, and therefore, we performed the analysis with this basis set. We evaluated the stabilization of the ASP and complexes using the minimum ground state energy, corrected by the zero point energy and the interaction energy between the ASP and the water molecules. We also calculated the vertical electronic transitions S1 ← S0, and their properties using the TD-DFT formalism at B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level with the optimized geometries for S0 state with the same basis set. For the analysis of the vertical transitions of isolated ASP and the ASP-(H2O)n complexes, we calculated the electrostatic energy in the S0 and S1 states. We performed the calculations with the Gaussian 09 software package. We used the VMD software package to visualize the geometries and shapes of the molecule and complexes.
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Nasrullah M, Liang L, Rizwanullah M, Yu X, Majrashi A, Alharby HF, Alharbi BM, Fahad S. Estimating Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Profitability, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Using Different Methods of Fertilization. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:869873. [PMID: 35845686 PMCID: PMC9283998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is a way to better use nitrogen fertilizers and increase productivity, but in another way, fertilization is also a source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The study was carried out to measure the profitability ratio, technical efficiency, and CO2 from the top dressing (TD) and deep placement (DP) fertilization. The study was based on primary data, which were collected from different respondents and areas through a well-designed questionnaire. The study finds that DP fertilization is more profitable, least costly, and more efficient than TD fertilization. The finding observed that the yield of the TD growers is 727.82 kg/ha more than that of TD respondents. The efficiency score shows that to reach the 90% efficiency level, the farmers of TD need to use DP fertilization. The farmers of TD and DP can still increase their efficiency up to 12% and 9% by using the same inputs. The findings also clarify that manufacturing of synthetic nitrogen (N), direct use of N, Yield, and Area-Scaled greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the use of synthetic N through TD fertilization are greater than that of the DP group. The farming community needs to be aware of greenhouse gas emissions and how they can be reduced. It is also suggested that farmers need to shift toward DP fertilization to increase yield, profit, efficiency, food security, and reduce GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasrullah
- College of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- Southasia Study Center, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lizhi Liang
- College of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- Southasia Study Center, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwanullah
- College of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- Southasia Study Center, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Yu
- College of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- Southasia Study Center, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Ding Y, Yao W, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Mo Q, Pan H, Zhang Y, Ma B, He Y, Zhang M, Hong J, Waqas M, Li J. Taurine is an effective therapy against thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia via HIF-1α/VEGFA and β-catenin/ GSK-3β pathways in broilers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 228:112981. [PMID: 34781124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiram causes tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers, leading to a significant economic loss in the poultry industry. Our study explored the effects of taurine in thiram induced tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) through in vivo and in vitro approches. In in vivo study, thiram resulted in lameness disorder, low production parameters ALP, ACP, and a high level of NOS. While, the taurine exhibited promising effect by reducing lameness, increasing ALP, ACP levels, and significantly lowering NOS level with the restoration of the growth plate. In in vitro study, thiram caused distortion and disintegration of chondrocytes. The CCK-8 technique revealed the lower cell activity in TD as compared with the treatment group. Even, the treatment and taurine groups had higher cell activity than control group. Also, the chondrocyte morphology progressively reverted to normal after taurine treatment. It might effectively decreased the symptoms of TD in broilers and their production performance. Further research found that the taurine effectively improved chondrocytes' cell viability and recovered lameness disorder by regulation of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In summary, these results indicate that taurine has a protective effect on thiram-induced broilers and it can enhance the growth activity by directly affecting the development of chondrocytes and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huachun Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Bingjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ya He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiajia Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Saif R, Henkel J, Mahmood T, Ejaz A, Ahmad F, Zia S. Detection of whole genome selection signatures of Pakistani Teddy goat. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7273-80. [PMID: 34609690 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and artificial selection tend to cause variability that contributes to shape the genome of livestock in a way that differentiates them among the animal kingdom. The particular aim here is to identify positive selection signatures with whole genome pooled-sequence data of Pakistani Teddy goat. METHODS AND RESULTS Paired-end alignment of 635,357,043 reads of Teddy goat with (ARS1) reference genome assembly was carried out. Pooled-Heterozygosity (Hp) and Tajima's D (TD) are applied for validation and getting better hits of selection signals, while pairwise FST statistics is conducted on Teddy vs. Bezoar (wild goat ancestor) for genomic differentiation, moreover annotation of regions under positive selection was also performed. Hp score with - ZHp > 5 detected six windows having highest hits on Chr. 29, 9, 25, 15 and 14 that harbor HRASLS5, LACE1 and AXIN1 genes which are candidate for embryonic development, lactation and body height. Secondly, - ZTD value of > 3.3 showed 4 windows with very strong hits on Chr.5 & 9 which harbor STIM1 and ADM genes related to body mass and weight. Lastly, - ZFST < - 5 generated four strong signals on Chr.5 & 12 harbor LOC102183233 gene. Other significant selection signatures encompass genes associated with wool production, prolificacy and coat colors traits in this breed. CONCLUSIONS In brief, this study identified the genes under selection in Pakistani Teddy goat that will be helpful to refining the marker-assisted breeding policies and converging required production traits within and across other goat breeds and to explore full genetic potential of this valued species of livestock.
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Butala N, Williams A, Kneebusch J, Mitchell M. Impact of a pharmacist-driven tardive dyskinesia screening service. Ment Health Clin 2021; 11:248-253. [PMID: 34316421 PMCID: PMC8287863 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2021.07.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is defined as involuntary movements that can develop with prolonged antipsychotic use. Regular monitoring using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is recommended to be conducted every 3 to 6 months for early recognition, although the AIMS is underused. Several studies have investigated risk factors that may be associated with TD, including age, sex, and long-term antipsychotic use. This study aimed to increase the monitoring and treatment of TD for those assessed to be at higher risk. Methods This was a prospective quality improvement study on the effectiveness of a psychiatric pharmacist–driven TD screening service (PPDTSS) in an inpatient psychiatric facility. Participants were composed of adult patients admitted between May and November 2018. Patients were screened daily by a clinical pharmacist and, if determined to be high risk based on studied risk factors, prioritized to receive a formal TD screening via the AIMS. The primary objective was to optimize standard of care by increasing the number of AIMS screenings conducted. The secondary objective was to increase the treatment of TD. Results A total of 402 patients were assessed prior to implementation of the PPDTSS, and 390 patients were screened following implementation. The PPDTSS increased the number of AIMS screenings attempted by 85.1% for high-risk individuals. Of the 75 patients who had an AIMS screening attempted in the postintervention group, 46 (61.3%) had an AIMS screening completed, of which 3 (6.5%) were positive. Discussion The results of this study demonstrate that psychiatric pharmacists can be used to improve the regular monitoring of patients at high risk for TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Butala
- Senior Clinical Pharmacist, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California.,Clinical Pharmacist, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California.,Senior Clinical Pharmacist-Special Projects, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California
| | - Andrew Williams
- Senior Clinical Pharmacist, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California
| | - Jamie Kneebusch
- Clinical Pharmacist, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- Senior Clinical Pharmacist-Special Projects, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, California
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of the adrenergic receptor alpha-2A gene (ADRA2A) in the genetic etiology of ADHD comorbid with tic disorders (ADHD+TD). Method: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADRA2A were genotyped and analyzed in 936 normal controls and 1,815 ADHD probands, including 1,249 trios. Approximately 16% of the ADHD probands also had a diagnosis of TD. Results: No significant association was found between ADRA2A and ADHD in general. Case-control analyses indicated different allelic and genotypic distributions of rs553668 between ADHD+TD and controls in males. Family-based association tests showed that the G allele of rs1800544, the A allele of rs553668, and the GA haplotype consisting of these two SNPs were overtransmitted in the ADHD+TD trios, especially in males. Moreover, the allelic/genotypic distribution and allelic transmission were different between ADHD+TD and ADHD without TD. Conclusion:ADRA2A may be associated with ADHD+TD, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Elkurd MT, Bahroo L. Keeping up with the clinical advances: tardive dyskinesia. CNS Spectr 2019; 24:70-81. [PMID: 31482777 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852919001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) was first described in 1964, but treatment for this sometimes poorly characterized condition lagged decades as it was labored by medico-legal implications. TD has often been lumped with other medication-induced disorders and incorrectly classified as extrapyramidal symptoms. TD is likely to be under-recognized for many of these reasons. Though diverse in its presentations, TD is distinct in terms of time course, pathophysiology, and phenomenology.
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Hsieh WC. Performance Improvement of a Nonvolatile UV TD Sensor Using SAHAOS with a High Temperature Annealed, Partially Nano-Crystallized Trapping Layer. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19071570. [PMID: 30939786 PMCID: PMC6480127 DOI: 10.3390/s19071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that a silicon⁻aluminum oxide⁻hafnium aluminum oxide-silicon oxide⁻silicon capacitor device with a high temperature pre-metal-anneal-treated and partially-nanocrystallized hafnium aluminum oxide, (hereafter PNC-SAHAOS) can successfully increase the performance of a nonvolatile ultraviolet radiation total dose (hereafter UV TD) sensor. The experimental results show that the UV-induced threshold voltage VT shift of PNC-SAHAOS was 10 V after UV TD 100 mW·s/cm² irradiation. The UV-induced charge density of PNC-SAHAOS is almost eight times that of amorphous silicon⁻aluminum oxide⁻silicon nitride⁻silicon dioxide⁻silicon SANOS. Moreover, the charge fading rate of ten-years retention on PNC-SAHAOS, even at 85 °C, is below 10%. At 85 °C, the charge fading rate of ten-years retention on amorphous SANOS is almost twice that on PNC-SAHAOS. These results strongly suggest that PNC-SAHAOS could be the most promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile UV TD sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Hsieh
- Opto-Electronic System Engineering Department, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng 30401, Taiwan.
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Roy NS, Park KC, Lee SI, Im MJ, Ramekar RV, Kim NS. Development of CACTA transposon derived SCAR markers and their use in population structure analysis in Zea mays. Genetica 2018; 146:1-12. [PMID: 28916874 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular marker technologies have proven to be an important breakthrough for genetic studies, construction of linkage maps and population genetics analysis. Transposable elements (TEs) constitute major fractions of repetitive sequences in plants and offer a wide range of possible areas to be explored as molecular markers. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker development provides us with a simple and time saving alternative approach for marker development. We employed the CACTA-TD to develop SCARs and then integrated them into linkage map and used them for population structure and genetic diversity analysis of corn inbred population. A total of 108 dominant SCAR markers were designed out of which, 32 were successfully integrated in to the linkage map of maize RIL population and the remaining were added to a physical map for references to check the distribution throughout all chromosomes. Moreover, 76 polymorphic SCARs were used for diversity analysis of corn accessions being used in Korean corn breeding program. The overall average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.34, expected heterozygosity was 0.324 and Shannon's information index was 0.491 with a percentage of polymorphism of 98.67%. Further analysis by associating with desirable traits may also provide some accurate trait specific tagged SCAR markers. TE linked SCARs can provide an added level of polymorphism as well as improved discriminating ability and therefore can be useful in further breeding programs to develop high yielding germplasm.
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Samad N, Haleem DJ. Antioxidant effects of rice bran oil mitigate repeated haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1099-1107. [PMID: 28374238 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs such as D2 antagonist haloperidol (HP). The chronic use of HP is involved in the causation of free radicals and/or oxidative stress. In view of the nootropic, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory-like effects of rice bran oil (RBO) in a variety of investigations, we assessed the protective properties of RBO on HP-induced TD and neurochemical alteration. Rats treated with HP orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for a period of 5 weeks developed VCMs which increased progressively as the treatment continued for 5 weeks. Co-administration of RBO by oral tubes at a dose of 0.4 ml/day prevented the induction of HP-induced VCMs. Repeated administration of HP increases the turnover of dopamine metabolism in the striatum. Conversely animals treated with HP + RBO decrease the metabolism of DA than water + HP treated animals. Striatal, malondieldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also determined. It is suggested that beneficial role of RBO in attenuation of HP-induced TD. The results therefore recommended that supplementation of RBO may be useful in the HP-induced TD. The findings have also potential implication in the treatment of schizophrenia and motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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14
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Woerther PL, Andremont A, Kantele A. Travel-acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: impact of colonization at individual and community level. J Travel Med 2017; 24:S29-S34. [PMID: 28520999 PMCID: PMC5441303 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly increasing global emergency that calls for action from all of society. Intestinal multidrugresistant (MDR) bacteria have spread worldwide with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) as the most prevalent type. The millions of travelers annually visiting regions with poor hygiene contribute substantially to this spread. Our review explores the underlying data and discusses the consequences of the colonization. METHODS PubMed was searched for relevant literature between January 2010 and August 2016. We focused on articles reporting (1) the rate of ESBL-PE acquisition in a group of travelers recruited before/after international travel, (2) fecal carriage of ESBL-PE as explored by culture and, for part of the studies, (3) analysis of factors predisposing to colonization. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 16 studies focusing on travel-acquired ESBL-PE. The acquisition rates reveal that 2070% of visitors to (sub)tropical regions get colonized by ESBL-PE. The main risk factors predisposing to colonization during travel are destination, travelers diarrhea, and antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS While most of those colonized remain asymptomatic, acquisition of ESBL-PE may have consequences both at individual and community level. We discuss current efforts to restrict the spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Louis Woerther
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France APHP, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Anu Kantele
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Inflammation Center, POB 348, FIN-00029, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, or RMCE, is a genome engineering tool that can be used to swap DNA fragments of interest between two DNA molecules. In a variation of RMCE, called dual RMCE, the exchange of DNA fragments is mediated by two recombinases in contrast to one recombinase in the classic RMCE reaction. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of dual RMCE can be quite high: up to ~45% of the transfected cells depending on the recombinase pair used to mediate the replacement reaction. Here we describe protocols for preparing for, performing, and optimizing the parameters of dual RMCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Voziyanova
- School of Biosciences, Louisiana Tech University, 1 Adams Blvd, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Rachelle P Anderson
- School of Biosciences, Louisiana Tech University, 1 Adams Blvd, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Yuri Voziyanov
- School of Biosciences, Louisiana Tech University, 1 Adams Blvd, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA.
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Vellingiri K, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Deep A, Jo SH, Szulejko JE. Insights into the adsorption capacity and breakthrough properties of a synthetic zeolite against a mixture of various sulfur species at low ppb levels. J Environ Manage 2016; 166:484-492. [PMID: 26562781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sorptive removal properties of a synthetic A4 zeolite were evaluated against sulfur dioxide (SO2) and four reference reduced sulfur compounds (RSC: hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methanethiol (CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS, (CH3)2S), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, CH3SSCH3). To this end, a sorbent bed of untreated (as-received) A4 zeolite was loaded with gaseous standards at four concentration levels (10-100 part-per-billion (ppb (v/v)) at four different volumes (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 L increments) in both increasing (IO: 0.1-1.0 L) and decreasing volume order (DO: 1.0 to 0.1 L). Morphological properties were characterized by PXRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The removal efficiency of SO2 decreased from 100% for all concentrations at 0.1 L (initial sample volume) to ∼82% (100 ppb) or ∼96% (10 ppb) at 3.6 L. In contrast, removal efficiency of RSC was near 100% at small loading volumes but then fell sharply, irrespective of concentration (10-100 ppb) (e.g., 32% (DMS) to 52% (H2S) at 100 ppb). The adsorption capacity of zeolite, if expressed in terms of solid-gas partition coefficient (e.g., similar to the Henry's law constant (mmol kg(-1) Pa(-1))), showed moderate variabilities with the standard concentration levels and S compound types such as the minimum of 2.03 for CH3SH (at 20 ppb) to the maximum of 13.9 for SO2 (at 10 ppb). It clearly demonstrated a notable distinction in the removal efficiency of A4 zeolite among the different S species in a mixture with enhanced removal efficiency of SO2 compared to the RSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsalya Vellingiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Dept. of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Akash Deep
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Sang-Hee Jo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan E Szulejko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kokabi N, Galt JR, Xing M, Camacho JC, Barron BJ, Schuster DM, Kim HS. A simple method for estimating dose delivered to hepatocellular carcinoma after yttrium-90 glass-based radioembolization therapy: preliminary results of a proof of concept study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25:277-287. [PMID: 24461133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a simple semiquantitative method to estimate yttrium-90 ((90)Y) dose delivered with radioembolization to infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, patients with infiltrative HCC and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) underwent glass-based (90)Y radioembolization including technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin ((99m)Tc-MAA) hepatopulmonary shunt study before therapy and bremsstrahlung single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) after (90)Y radioembolization. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging was coregistered with (99m)Tc-MAA and bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT imaging separately. Unit tumor activity ((90)Y radioactivity delivered to each cubic centimeter of tumor) was estimated based on a lobar infusion approach. Correlation between proportions of (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y delivered to the tumor was investigated. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimations. RESULTS (90)Y therapy was administered in 18 consecutive patients (median age, 55.3 y; mean tumor volume, 588 cm(3)). Higher intratumoral (90)Y dose predicted prolonged survival, with 13.2-month median survival in patients with HCC and mean (90)Y dose of ≥ 100 Gy versus 4.6-month median survival for other patients (P < .001). Of administered (90)Y dose, 51.9% was delivered to the targeted tumors compared with 74.1% of (99m)Tc-MAA with linear correlation between biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y observed (Pearson r = 0.774, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The findings in this study suggest that approximately 50% of administered (90)Y dose is taken up by targeted infiltrative HCC with PVT. Intratumoral (90)Y dose ≥ 100 Gy in unresectable infiltrative HCC via a lobar intraarterial approach is a positive prognostic factor for survival.
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Sultan E, Pourrezaei K, Ghandjbakhche A, Daryoush AS. 3D Numerical modeling and its experimental verifications for an inhomogeneous head phantom using broadband fNIR system. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2014; 30:353-364. [PMID: 24259456 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modeling behavior of broadband (30-1000 MHz) frequency modulated near infrared photons through a multilayer phantom is of interest to optical bio-imaging research. Photon dynamics in phantom are predicted using three-dimension (3D) finite element numerical simulation and are related to the measured insertion loss and phase for a given human head geometry in this paper based on three layers of phantom each with distinct optical parameter properties. Simulation and experimental results are achieved for single, two, and three layers solid phantoms using COMSOL (COMSOL AB, Tegnérgatan 23, SE-111 40, Stockholm, Sweden) (for FEM) simulation and custom-designed broadband free space optical transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) modules that are developed for photon migration at wavelengths of 680, 795, and 850 nm. Standard error is used to compute error between two-dimension and 3D FE modeling along with experimental results by fitting experimental data to the functional form of afrequency+b. Error results are shown at narrowband and broadband frequency modulation. Confidence in numerical modeling of the photonic behavior using 3D FEM for human head has been established here by comparing the reflection mode's experimental results with the predictions made by COMSOL for known commercial solid brain phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sultan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, U.S.A
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Grube M, Cooper FE, Kumar S, Kelly T, Griffiths TD. Exploring the role of auditory analysis in atypical compared to typical language development. Hear Res 2014; 308:129-40. [PMID: 24112877 PMCID: PMC3969305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between auditory processing and language skills has been debated for decades. Previous findings have been inconsistent, both in typically developing and impaired subjects, including those with dyslexia or specific language impairment. Whether correlations between auditory and language skills are consistent between different populations has hardly been addressed at all. The present work presents an exploratory approach of testing for patterns of correlations in a range of measures of auditory processing. In a recent study, we reported findings from a large cohort of eleven-year olds on a range of auditory measures and the data supported a specific role for the processing of short sequences in pitch and time in typical language development. Here we tested whether a group of individuals with dyslexic traits (DT group; n = 28) from the same year group would show the same pattern of correlations between auditory and language skills as the typically developing group (TD group; n = 173). Regarding the raw scores, the DT group showed a significantly poorer performance on the language but not the auditory measures, including measures of pitch, time and rhythm, and timbre (modulation). In terms of correlations, there was a tendency to decrease in correlations between short-sequence processing and language skills, contrasted by a significant increase in correlation for basic, single-sound processing, in particular in the domain of modulation. The data support the notion that the fundamental relationship between auditory and language skills might differ in atypical compared to typical language development, with the implication that merging data or drawing inference between populations might be problematic. Further examination of the relationship between both basic sound feature analysis and music-like sound analysis and language skills in impaired populations might allow the development of appropriate training strategies. These might include types of musical training to augment language skills via their common bases in sound sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Grube
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Freya E Cooper
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sukhbinder Kumar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Tom Kelly
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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20
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Wolf RC, Huber M, Lepping P, Sambataro F, Depping MS, Karner M, Freudenmann RW. Source-based morphometry reveals distinct patterns of aberrant brain volume in delusional infestation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:112-6. [PMID: 24120443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the neural correlates of delusional infestation (DI), the delusional belief to be infested with pathogens. So far, evidence comes mainly from case reports and case series. We investigated brain morphology in 16 DI patients and 16 healthy controls using structural magnetic resonance imaging and a multivariate data analysis technique, i.e. source-based morphometry (SBM). In addition, we explored differences in brain structure in patient subgroups based on disease aetiology. SBM revealed two patterns exhibiting significantly (p<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) lower grey and higher white matter volume in DI patients compared to controls. Lower grey matter volume was found in medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal lobe structures (parahippocampus and hippocampus), sensorimotor cortices, bilateral insula and thalamus and inferior parietal regions. Higher white matter volume was found in medial and middle frontal and temporal cortices, left insula and lentiform nucleus. Grey matter volume was abnormal in both "psychiatric" (primary DI and DI associated with an affective disorder) and "organic" DI (DI due to a medical condition). In contrast, aberrant white matter volume was only confirmed for the "organic" DI patient subgroup. These results suggest prefrontal, temporal, parietal, insular, thalamic and striatal dysfunction underlying DI. Moreover, the data suggest that aetiologically distinct presentations of DI share similar patterns of abnormal grey matter volume, whereas aberrant white matter volume appears to be restricted to organic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ch Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Koutsogiannidis CP, Ananiadou O, Kapsas G, Madesis A, Palladas P, Drossos G. 'Early' post-cardiotomy chylopericardium and the imaging value of magnetic resonance thoracic-ductography. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:1033-5. [PMID: 24314895 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isolated chylopericardium is a rare postoperative complication after cardiac surgery. A delay in diagnosis or an inappropriate management can lead to serious consequences. The treatment, which may either be conservative or surgical, is controversial and it depends on the duration and volume of effusion. We report a case of chylopericardium after atrial septal defect repair in a young woman. The patient was treated initially with total parenteral nutrition for 10 days. After drainage diminished, low fat diet containing medium chain triglyceride was instituted. Postoperatively, the role of magnetic resonance thoracic ductography was important for the assessment of the treatment strategy.
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Lee W, Hu K, Tonelli M, Bahrami A, Neuhardt E, Glass KC, Markley JL. Fast automated protein NMR data collection and assignment by ADAPT-NMR on Bruker spectrometers. J Magn Reson 2013; 236:83-8. [PMID: 24091140 PMCID: PMC3858185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ADAPT-NMR (Assignment-directed Data collection Algorithm utilizing a Probabilistic Toolkit in NMR) supports automated NMR data collection and backbone and side chain assignment for [U-(13)C, U-(15)N]-labeled proteins. Given the sequence of the protein and data for the orthogonal 2D (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(13)C planes, the algorithm automatically directs the collection of tilted plane data from a variety of triple-resonance experiments so as to follow an efficient pathway toward the probabilistic assignment of (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N signals to specific atoms in the covalent structure of the protein. Data collection and assignment calculations continue until the addition of new data no longer improves the assignment score. ADAPT-NMR was first implemented on Varian (Agilent) spectrometers [A. Bahrami, M. Tonelli, S.C. Sahu, K.K. Singarapu, H.R. Eghbalnia, J.L. Markley, PLoS One 7 (2012) e33173]. Because of broader interest in the approach, we present here a version of ADAPT-NMR for Bruker spectrometers. We have developed two AU console programs (ADAPT_ORTHO_run and ADAPT_NMR_run) that run under TOPSPIN Versions 3.0 and higher. To illustrate the performance of the algorithm on a Bruker spectrometer, we tested one protein, chlorella ubiquitin (76 amino acid residues), that had been used with the Varian version: the Bruker and Varian versions achieved the same level of assignment completeness (98% in 20 h). As a more rigorous evaluation of the Bruker version, we tested a larger protein, BRPF1 bromodomain (114 amino acid residues), which yielded an automated assignment completeness of 86% in 55 h. Both experiments were carried out on a 500 MHz Bruker AVANCE III spectrometer equipped with a z-gradient 5 mm TCI probe. ADAPT-NMR is available at http://pine.nmrfam.wisc.edu/ADAPT-NMR in the form of pulse programs, the two AU programs, and instructions for installation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Telephone: +1-608-263-1722. , Telephone: +1-608-263-9349, Fax: +1-608-262-3759
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Neuhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Karen C. Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - John L. Markley
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Telephone: +1-608-263-1722. , Telephone: +1-608-263-9349, Fax: +1-608-262-3759
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Böhm H, Dussa CU, Multerer C, Döderlein L. Pathological trunk motion during walking in children with amyoplasia: is it caused by muscular weakness or joint contractures? Res Dev Disabil 2013; 34:4286-4292. [PMID: 24140953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the causes for pathological trunk movements during gait in children with Amyoplasia. Eighteen children with Amyoplasia were compared with 18 typically developed children. Three-dimensional motions of pelvis, thorax and spine during gait were analyzed. Excessive trunk movements were defined as being above 4 standard deviations of those of typically developed children. Clinical examination of active strength and passive range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints were correlated to the parameter that showed the greatest prevalence of pathological trunk motion. The greatest prevalence of 56% was seen for thorax obliquity range during walking. The spine angles showed the lowest deviations from typically developed children. Significant correlations (p<0.001) between thorax obliquity range and clinical parameters were found for passive hip extension, hip flexion, hip abduction and active hip extension, hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion strength. The highest correlation coefficients were found for passive hip flexion and active hip flexion strength of rho=-0.73 and rho=-0.69 respectively. Excessive thorax obliquity during gait in children with Amyoplasia could be mainly caused by reduced strength and mobility of the hip. Therefore both mobility and strength of the hip are equally important and should be increased in the therapy to improve gait in children with Amyoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Böhm
- Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Behandlungszentrum Aschau GmbH, Bernauerstr. 18, 83229 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany.
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Conti-Ramsden G, Mok PL, Pickles A, Durkin K. Adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI): strengths and difficulties in social, emotional and behavioral functioning. Res Dev Disabil 2013; 34:4161-9. [PMID: 24077068 PMCID: PMC3830176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI) are at a greater risk of emotional and behavioral problems compared to their typically developing (TD) peers, but little is known about their self-perceived strengths and difficulties. In this study, the self-reported social, emotional and behavioral functioning of 139 adolescents with a history of SLI and 124 TD individuals at age 16 was examined. The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess their prosocial behavior and levels of peer, emotional and behavioral difficulties. Associations of these areas of functioning with gender, verbal and non-verbal skills were also investigated. Adolescents with a history of SLI were more likely than their TD peers to report higher levels of peer problems, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and conduct problems. The majority of adolescents in both groups (87% SLI and 96% TD), however, reported prosocial behavior within the typical range. Difficulty with peer relations was the strongest differentiator between the groups, with the odds of reporting borderline or abnormally high levels of peer problems being 12 times higher for individuals with a history of SLI. Adolescents with poorer receptive language skills were also more likely to report higher levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties. The findings of this study identify likely traits that may lead to referral to services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Conti-Ramsden
- School of Psychological Sciences, Communication and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 0 161 275 3514.
| | - Pearl L.H. Mok
- School of Psychological Sciences, Communication and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kevin Durkin
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow G1 1QE, UK
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Zhang XY, Yao JK. Oxidative stress and therapeutic implications in psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:197-9. [PMID: 23523744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances of antioxidant defense system and presence of oxidative stress can play a part in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, as well as antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). Moreover, researchers have embarked on using antioxidant treatment as adjunct therapy for psychiatry disorders. Evidence from clinical, pre-clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that a benefit of using antioxidant compounds should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in these patients. These are some of the main perspectives that are reviewed by four articles in this special section. Overall, there has been growing recognition of the importance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the development of TD. The collection of articles in this special section will contribute to providing more efficacious treatments arising from a better appreciation of the roles of oxidative stress in these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Wang K, Song LL, Cheung EFC, Lui SSY, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia share a similar deficit in semantic inhibition: a meta-analysis based on Hayling Sentence Completion Test performance. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:153-60. [PMID: 23886783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with deficits in executive function similar to that found in schizophrenia (SZ). However, very few studies have examined whether a specific component of executive function, namely, semantic inhibition, is differentially impaired in BD and SZ. The present study reports the results of a meta-analysis of performance on a theory-driven test of semantic inhibition, namely, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT), in patients with BD and SZ, and to examine differential group impairments. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software package was used to calculate the mean effect sizes for group differences on different measures of HSCT. A total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes for six HSCT measures were calculated. These included: Total Latency of Task A, Total Latency of Task B, Suppression Time, Total Error of Task B, Type A Error of Task B, and Type B Error of Task B. When compared with healthy controls, medium-to-large effect sizes were observed in both groups for each HSCT measure. Interestingly, the effect sizes for BD and SZ groups were comparable. These results suggest that patients with SZ and patients with BD are impaired in both task initiation and task inhibition of executive function and these impairments are similar in magnitude for both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lu S, Peng H, Wang L, Vasish S, Zhang Y, Gao W, Wu W, Liao M, Wang M, Tang H, Li W, Li W, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Li L. Elevated specific peripheral cytokines found in major depressive disorder patients with childhood trauma exposure: a cytokine antibody array analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:953-61. [PMID: 23639406 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration the previous evidence of revealing the relationship of early life adversity, major depressive disorder (MDD), and stress-linked immunological changes, we recruited 22 MDD patients with childhood trauma exposures (CTE), 21 MDD patients without CTE, and 22 healthy controls without CTE, and then utilized a novel cytokine antibody array methodology to detect potential biomarkers underlying MDD in 120 peripheral cytokines and to evaluate the effect of CTE on cytokine changes in MDD patients. Although 13 cytokines were identified with highly significant differences in expressions between MDD patients and normal controls, this relationship was significantly attenuated and no longer significant after consideration of the effect of CTE in MDD patients. Depressed individuals with CTE (TD patients) were more likely to have higher peripheral levels of those cytokines. Severity of depression was associated with plasma levels of certain increased cytokines; meanwhile, the increased cytokines led to a proper separation of TD patients from normal controls during clustering analyses. Our research outcomes add great strength to the relationship between depression and cytokine changes and suggest that childhood trauma may play a vital role in the co-appearance of cytokine changes and depression.
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Cho CH, Lee HJ. Oxidative stress and tardive dyskinesia: pharmacogenetic evidence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:207-13. [PMID: 23123399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious adverse effect of long-term antipsychotic use. Because of genetic susceptibility for developing TD and because it is difficult to predict and prevent its development prior to or during the early stages of medication, pharmacogenetic research of TD is important. Additionally, these studies enhance our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms underlying abnormal dyskinetic movements, such as Parkinson's disease. However, the pathophysiology of TD remains unclear. The oxidative stress hypothesis of TD is one of the possible pathophysiologic models for TD. Preclinical and clinical studies of the oxidative stress hypothesis of TD indicate that neurotoxic free radical production is likely a consequence of antipsychotic medication and is related to the occurrence of TD. Several studies on TD have focused on examining the genes involved in oxidative stress. Among them, manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphisms show a relatively consistent association with TD susceptibility, although not all studies support this. Numerous pharmacogenetic studies have found a positive relationship between TD and oxidative stress based on genes involved in the antioxidant defense mechanism, dopamine turnover and metabolism, and other antioxidants such as estrogen and melatonin. However, many of the positive findings have not been replicated. We expect that more research will be needed to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Wu JQ, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Free radicals, antioxidant defense systems, and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:200-6. [PMID: 23470289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia are to date unknown, although several hypotheses have been suggested. Accumulating evidence suggests that excessive free radical production or oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as evidenced by increased production of reactive oxygen or decreased antioxidant protection in schizophrenic patients. This review aims to summarize the basic molecular mechanisms of free radical metabolism, the impaired antioxidant defense system and membrane pathology in schizophrenia, their interrelationships with the characteristic clinical symptoms and the implications for antipsychotic treatments. In schizophrenia, there is accumulating evidence of altered antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of lipid peroxidation, as well as altered levels of plasma antioxidants. Moreover, free radical-mediated abnormalities may contribute to specific aspects of schizophrenic symptomatology and complications of its treatment with antipsychotic drugs, as well as the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies implicated by the accumulating data on oxidative stress mechanisms for the treatment of schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
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Wu JQ, Chen DC, Xiu MH, Tan YL, Yang FD, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Tardive dyskinesia is associated with greater cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:71-7. [PMID: 23827756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder diagnosed by the presence of a number of symptoms with cognitive impairment as a core feature. Long-term antipsychotic treatment is often associated with the emergence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the presence of TD is linked to cognitive impairment. This study examined the relationship between TD and cognitive deficits in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited 206 chronic patients with TD (n=102) and without TD (n=104) meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 104 control subjects who were matched on age, gender, and education. All the patients completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTS The PANSS total score (p=0.01), N subscore (p=0.006), and AIMS total score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in patients with TD compared to patients without TD. Patients with TD scored lower for visuospatial/constructional, attention, and total index scores (all p<0.001) on the RBANS. AIMS orofacial scores were identified as an independent contributor to RBANS total scores and attention index (p<0.05), whereas AIMS limb and truncal scores were an independent determinant to the visuospatial/constructional index of RBANS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION TD was associated with greater cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia compared to those without TD. The orofacial and limb-trunk TD specifically appeared to be a risk factor or contributor to the different aspects of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The association between schizophrenia and TD may be explained in part by oxidative stress.
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Wolf RC, Huber M, Depping MS, Thomann PA, Karner M, Lepping P, Freudenmann RW. Abnormal gray and white matter volume in delusional infestation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:19-24. [PMID: 23791615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the neural basis of delusional infestation (DI), the delusional belief to be infested with pathogens. Case series and the response to anti-dopaminergic medication indicate disruptions in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum (caudate, putamen), but did not allow for population-based inference. Here, we report the first whole-brain structural neuroimaging study to investigate gray and white matter abnormalities in DI compared to controls. In this study, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry to investigate gray and white matter volume in 16 DI patients and 16 matched healthy controls. Lower gray matter volume in DI patients compared to controls was found in left medial, lateral and right superior frontal cortices, left anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, left thalamus, right striatal areas and in lateral and medial temporal cortical regions (p<0.05, cluster-corrected). Higher white matter volume in DI patients compared to controls was found in right middle cingulate, left frontal opercular and bilateral striatal regions (p<0.05, cluster-corrected). This study shows that structural changes in prefrontal, temporal, insular, cingulate and striatal brain regions are associated with DI, supporting a neurobiological model of disrupted prefrontal control over somato-sensory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Antikainen J, Kantele A, Pakkanen SH, Lääveri T, Riutta J, Vaara M, Kirveskari J. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of 9 pathogens directly from stools of travelers with diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1300-1307.e3. [PMID: 23639597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Every year, 80 million tourists traveling to tropical and subtropical areas contract traveler's diarrhea (TD). Forty percent to 80% of cases are caused by bacteria, yet clinical diagnostic tests are available to identify only a few of the strains that cause TD. We aimed to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to identify all major pathogens in stool samples. METHODS We developed a low-cost, high-throughput, multiplex qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of 9 bacterial pathogens in stool samples: Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, and Vibrio cholerae, as well as Shigella or enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic E coli, enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E coli (EAEC), and enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC). The assay was validated using positive (n = 245) and negative (n = 243) control strains, as well as preselected positive and negative stool samples. In addition, stool samples were collected from 96 returning travelers with TD. The findings were compared with those from routine diagnostic tests. RESULTS The assay detected the bacterial strains with 100% sensitivity and specificity, compared with results from the reference tests. Of all stool samples collected from travelers with TD, EPEC was found in 47%, EAEC in 46%, ETEC in 22%, enterohemorrhagic E coli in 7%, Campylobacter in 6%, Shigella or enteroinvasive E coli in 2%, and Salmonella in 2%. Multiple pathogens were found in 37% of all samples. CONCLUSIONS We developed a low-cost, high-throughput qPCR assay for use in routine diagnostic analysis and research. It detects the pathogenic bacteria most commonly associated with TD in stool samples with 100% sensitivity and specificity, compared with reference methods. The assay requires 4 hours, whereas current detection methods require 1 to 7 days. At least 1 TD pathogen was identified in stool samples from 76% of returning travelers, whereas conventional methods found a pathogen in only 17%. The most commonly detected bacteria were EPEC, EAEC, and ETEC.
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Oristaglio J, Hyman West S, Ghaffari M, Lech MS, Verma BR, Harvey JA, Welsh JP, Malone RP. Children with autism spectrum disorders show abnormal conditioned response timing on delay, but not trace, eyeblink conditioning. Neuroscience 2013; 248:708-18. [PMID: 23769889 PMCID: PMC3791861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched typically-developing (TD) peers were tested on two forms of eyeblink conditioning (EBC), a Pavlovian associative learning paradigm where subjects learn to execute an appropriately-timed eyeblink in response to a previously neutral conditioning stimulus (CS). One version of the task, trace EBC, interposes a stimulus-free interval between the presentation of the CS and the unconditioned stimulus (US), a puff of air to the eye which causes the subjects to blink. In delay EBC, the CS overlaps in time with the delivery of the US, usually with both stimuli terminating simultaneously. ASD children performed normally during trace EBC, exhibiting no differences from TD subjects with regard to the learning rate or the timing of the conditioned response. However, when subsequently tested on delay EBC, subjects with ASD displayed abnormally-timed conditioned eye blinks that began earlier and peaked sooner than those of TD subjects, consistent with previous findings. The results suggest an impaired ability of children with ASD to properly time conditioned eye blinks which appears to be specific to delay EBC. We suggest that this deficit may reflect a dysfunction of the cerebellar cortex in which increases in the intensity or duration of sensory input can temporarily disrupt the accuracy of motor timing over short temporal intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oristaglio
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Tourdias T, Saranathan M, Levesque IR, Su J, Rutt BK. Visualization of intra-thalamic nuclei with optimized white-matter-nulled MPRAGE at 7T. Neuroimage 2013; 84:534-45. [PMID: 24018302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel MR image acquisition strategies have been investigated to elicit contrast within the thalamus, but direct visualization of individual thalamic nuclei remains a challenge because of their small size and the low intrinsic contrast between adjacent nuclei. We present a step-by-step specific optimization of the 3D MPRAGE pulse sequence at 7T to visualize the intra-thalamic nuclei. We first measured T1 values within different sub-regions of the thalamus at 7T in 5 individuals. We used these to perform simulations and sequential experimental measurements (n=17) to tune the parameters of the MPRAGE sequence. The optimal set of parameters was used to collect high-quality data in 6 additional volunteers. Delineation of thalamic nuclei was performed twice by one rater and MR-defined nuclei were compared to the classic Morel histological atlas. T1 values within the thalamus ranged from 1400ms to 1800ms for adjacent nuclei. Using these values for theoretical evaluations combined with in vivo measurements, we showed that a short inversion time (TI) close to the white matter null regime (TI=670ms) enhanced the contrast between the thalamus and the surrounding tissues, and best revealed intra-thalamic contrast. At this particular nulling regime, lengthening the time between successive inversion pulses (TS=6000ms) increased the thalamic signal and contrast and lengthening the α pulse train time (N*TR) further increased the thalamic signal. Finally, a low flip angle during the gradient echo acquisition (α=4°) was observed to mitigate the blur induced by the evolution of the magnetization along the α pulse train. This optimized set of parameters enabled the 3D delineation of 15 substructures in all 6 individuals; these substructures corresponded well with the known anatomical structures of the thalamus based on the classic Morel atlas. The mean Euclidean distance between the centers of mass of MR- and Morel atlas-defined nuclei was 2.67mm (±1.02mm). The reproducibility of the MR-defined nuclei was excellent with intraclass correlation coefficient measured at 0.997 and a mean Euclidean distance between corresponding centers of mass found at first versus second readings of 0.69mm (±0.38mm). This 7T strategy paves the way to better identification of thalamic nuclei for neurosurgical planning and investigation of regional changes in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tourdias
- Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Radiology Department, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5488, USA.
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Kubo T, Akasaka T, Shite J, Suzuki T, Uemura S, Yu B, Kozuma K, Kitabata H, Shinke T, Habara M, Saito Y, Hou J, Suzuki N, Zhang S. OCT compared with IVUS in a coronary lesion assessment: the OPUS-CLASS study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:1095-1104. [PMID: 24011777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) for coronary measurements compared with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND Accurate luminal measurement is expected in FD-OCT because this technology offers high resolution and excellent contrast between lumen and vessel wall. METHODS In 5 medical centers, 100 patients with coronary artery disease were prospectively studied by using angiography, FD-OCT, and IVUS. In addition, 5 phantom models of known lumen dimensions (lumen diameter 3.08 mm; lumen area 7.45 mm(2)) were examined using FD-OCT and IVUS. Quantitative image analyses of the coronary arteries and phantom models were performed by an independent core laboratory. RESULTS In the clinical study, the mean minimum lumen diameter measured by QCA was significantly smaller than that measured by FD-OCT (1.81 ± 0.72 mm vs. 1.91 ± 0.69 mm; p < 0.001) and the minimum lumen diameter measured by IVUS was significantly greater than that measured by FD-OCT (2.09 ± 0.60 mm vs. 1.91 ± 0.69 mm; p < 0.001). The minimum lumen area measured by IVUS was significantly greater than that by FD-OCT (3.68 ± 2.06 mm(2) vs. 3.27 ± 2.22 mm(2); p < 0.001), although a significant correlation was observed between the 2 imaging techniques (r = 0.95, p < 0.001; mean difference 0.41 mm(2)). Both FD-OCT and IVUS exhibited good interobserver reproducibility, but the root-mean-squared deviation between measurements was approximately twice as high for the IVUS measurements compared with the FD-OCT measurements (0.32 mm(2) vs. 0.16 mm(2)). In a phantom model, the mean lumen area according to FD-OCT was equal to the actual lumen area of the phantom model, with low SD; IVUS overestimated the lumen area and was less reproducible than FD-OCT (8.03 ± 0.58 mm(2) vs. 7.45 ± 0.17 mm(2); p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this prospective multicenter study demonstrate that FD-OCT provides accurate and reproducible quantitative measurements of coronary dimensions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Junya Shite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Toyohashi Heart Center, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Shiro Uemura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Kitabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maoto Habara
- Department of Cardiology, Toyohashi Heart Center, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jingbo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shaosong Zhang
- Lightlab Imaging/St. Jude Medical, Westford, Massachusetts
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Gillis D, Karavani G, Hirsch HJ, Strich D. Time to menarche and final height after histrelin implant treatment for central precocious puberty. J Pediatr 2013; 163:532-6. [PMID: 23485026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare final height, change in body mass index (BMI), and time from end of treatment until menarche in girls with central precocious puberty treated with the histrelin implant versus depot gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist injections. STUDY DESIGN Chart review, interview, and final height measurements of 2 groups of girls with central precocious puberty; triptorelin depot (TD) group: 23 girls were treated from age 8.4 ± 0.3 with monthly injections of TD, for 26.7 ± 2.5 months; histrelin implant group: 11 girls were treated from age 8.7 ± 0.3 years for 28.4 ± 3.7 months, of whom 9 initially received monthly TD injections for 1.5-39 months. Final height, BMI (pretreatment vs recent), and time between either implant removal or last injection to menarche were compared. RESULTS Time between removal of implant or last injection and menarche was 9.3 ± 1.5 (histrelin implant group) versus 16.1 ± 1.7 (TD group) months (P = .02). Predicted height at implant insertion was 156.8 ± 2.6 cm, and final height was 161.1 ± 2.0 cm (not significant [NS]). Predicted height for TD was 155.2 ± 1.9 cm and final height was 157.9 ± 1.7 cm (NS). Change from onset of treatment to final BMI-SDS for histrelin implant was -0.41 ± 0.3, and for TD was -0.03 ± 0.2 (NS). CONCLUSIONS Menarche occurred sooner after implant removal. There was no difference in final height or BMI outcomes between the 2 treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gillis
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Chen Z, Zhong C. Decoding Alzheimer's disease from perturbed cerebral glucose metabolism: implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 108:21-43. [PMID: 23850509 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related devastating neurodegenerative disorder, which severely impacts on the global economic development and healthcare system. Though AD has been studied for more than 100 years since 1906, the exact cause(s) and pathogenic mechanism(s) remain to be clarified. Also, the efficient disease-modifying treatment and ideal diagnostic method for AD are unavailable. Perturbed cerebral glucose metabolism, an invariant pathophysiological feature of AD, may be a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we firstly discussed the features of cerebral glucose metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Then, we further reviewed the contribution of glucose transportation abnormality and intracellular glucose catabolism dysfunction in AD pathophysiology, and proposed a hypothesis that multiple pathogenic cascades induced by impaired cerebral glucose metabolism could result in neuronal degeneration and consequently cognitive deficits in AD patients. Among these pathogenic processes, altered functional status of thiamine metabolism and brain insulin resistance are highly emphasized and characterized as major pathogenic mechanisms. Finally, considering the fact that AD patients exhibit cerebral glucose hypometabolism possibly due to impairments of insulin signaling and altered thiamine metabolism, we also discuss some potential possibilities to uncover diagnostic biomarkers for AD from abnormal glucose metabolism and to develop drugs targeting at repairing insulin signaling impairment and correcting thiamine metabolism abnormality. We conclude that glucose metabolism abnormality plays a critical role in AD pathophysiological alterations through the induction of multiple pathogenic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and so forth. To clarify the causes, pathogeneses and consequences of cerebral hypometabolism in AD will help break the bottleneck of current AD study in finding ideal diagnostic biomarker and disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Euling SY, Thompson CM, Chiu WA, Benson R. An approach for integrating toxicogenomic data in risk assessment: the dibutyl phthalate case study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:324-35. [PMID: 23537663 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An approach for evaluating and integrating genomic data in chemical risk assessment was developed based on the lessons learned from performing a case study for the chemical dibutyl phthalate. A case study prototype approach was first developed in accordance with EPA guidance and recommendations of the scientific community. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was selected for the case study exercise. The scoping phase of the dibutyl phthalate case study was conducted by considering the available DBP genomic data, taken together with the entire data set, for whether they could inform various risk assessment aspects, such as toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics, and dose-response. A description of weighing the available dibutyl phthalate data set for utility in risk assessment provides an example for considering genomic data for future chemical assessments. As a result of conducting the scoping process, two questions--Do the DBP toxicogenomic data inform 1) the mechanisms or modes of action?, and 2) the interspecies differences in toxicodynamics?--were selected to focus the case study exercise. Principles of the general approach include considering the genomics data in conjunction with all other data to determine their ability to inform the various qualitative and/or quantitative aspects of risk assessment, and evaluating the relationship between the available genomic and toxicity outcome data with respect to study comparability and phenotypic anchoring. Based on experience from the DBP case study, recommendations and a general approach for integrating genomic data in chemical assessment were developed to advance the broader effort to utilize 21st century data in risk assessment.
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Key Words
- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5–delta-4 isomerase type II
- ADME
- AGD
- ALDH2
- AR
- BBDR model
- CNPs
- CYP2D6
- Cyp11a1/P450scc
- Cyp17a1
- Cyp2b1
- Cyp3a1
- DBP
- DEG
- DEHP
- D–R
- EDC
- Endocrine disrupting chemical
- GO
- Hsd3b
- IRIS
- Insl3
- Integrated Risk Information System
- MBP
- MOA
- Male development
- NIEHS
- NOAEL
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- PBPK modeling
- Phthalates
- RT-PCR
- Risk assessment
- SD
- STAR
- Scarb1
- Science to Achieve Results
- Sprague–Dawley
- Star
- T
- TD
- TDS
- TGx
- TK
- Testosterone
- Toxicogenomic
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B1
- UF(H)
- US EPA
- Ugt2b1
- WOE
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2
- androgen receptor
- anogenital distance
- biologically based dose–response model
- copy number polymorphisms
- cytochrome P450 2D6
- cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- dibutyl phthalate
- differentially-expressed gene
- dose–response
- endocrine disrupting chemical
- gene ontology
- insulin-like 3
- mode of action
- monobutyl phthalate
- no observed adverse effect level
- physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
- reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- scavenger receptor class B, member 1
- steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- testicular dysgenesis syndrome
- testosterone
- toxicodynamics
- toxicogenomic
- toxicokinetics
- uncertainty factor for uncertainty in extrapolating animal data to humans (i.e., interspecies uncertainty) (http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/)
- weight-of-evidence
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Fischer A, Montal M. Molecular dissection of botulinum neurotoxin reveals interdomain chaperone function. Toxicon 2013; 75:101-7. [PMID: 23396042 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a multi-domain protein made up of the approximately 100 kDa heavy chain (HC) and the approximately 50 kDa light chain (LC). The HC can be further subdivided into two halves: the N-terminal translocation domain (TD) and the C-terminal Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). We have investigated the minimal requirements for channel activity and LC translocation. We utilize a cellular protection assay and a single channel/single molecule LC translocation assay to characterize in real time the channel and chaperone activities of BoNT/A truncation constructs in Neuro 2A cells. The unstructured, elongated belt region of the TD is demonstrated to be dispensable for channel activity, although may be required for productive LC translocation. We show that the RBD is not necessary for channel activity or LC translocation, however it dictates the pH threshold of channel insertion into the membrane. These findings indicate that each domain functions as a chaperone for the others in addition to their individual functions, working in concert to achieve productive intoxication.
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Burgess-Herbert SL, Euling SY. Use of comparative genomics approaches to characterize interspecies differences in response to environmental chemicals: challenges, opportunities, and research needs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:372-85. [PMID: 22142766 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge for environmental chemical risk assessment is the characterization and reduction of uncertainties introduced when extrapolating inferences from one species to another. The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges, opportunities, and research needs surrounding the issue of how genomics data and computational and systems level approaches can be applied to inform differences in response to environmental chemical exposure across species. We propose that the data, tools, and evolutionary framework of comparative genomics be adapted to inform interspecies differences in chemical mechanisms of action. We compare and contrast existing approaches, from disciplines as varied as evolutionary biology, systems biology, mathematics, and computer science, that can be used, modified, and combined in new ways to discover and characterize interspecies differences in chemical mechanism of action which, in turn, can be explored for application to risk assessment. We consider how genetic, protein, pathway, and network information can be interrogated from an evolutionary biology perspective to effectively characterize variations in biological processes of toxicological relevance among organisms. We conclude that comparative genomics approaches show promise for characterizing interspecies differences in mechanisms of action, and further, for improving our understanding of the uncertainties inherent in extrapolating inferences across species in both ecological and human health risk assessment. To achieve long-term relevance and consistent use in environmental chemical risk assessment, improved bioinformatics tools, computational methods robust to data gaps, and quantitative approaches for conducting extrapolations across species are critically needed. Specific areas ripe for research to address these needs are recommended.
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Mortensen HM, Euling SY. Integrating mechanistic and polymorphism data to characterize human genetic susceptibility for environmental chemical risk assessment in the 21st century. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:395-404. [PMID: 21291902 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Response to environmental chemicals can vary widely among individuals and between population groups. In human health risk assessment, data on susceptibility can be utilized by deriving risk levels based on a study of a susceptible population and/or an uncertainty factor may be applied to account for the lack of information about susceptibility. Defining genetic susceptibility in response to environmental chemicals across human populations is an area of interest in the NAS' new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessment. Data from high-throughput/high content (HT/HC), including -omics (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) technologies, have been integral to the identification and characterization of drug target and disease loci, and have been successfully utilized to inform the mechanism of action for numerous environmental chemicals. Large-scale population genotyping studies may help to characterize levels of variability across human populations at identified target loci implicated in response to environmental chemicals. By combining mechanistic data for a given environmental chemical with next generation sequencing data that provides human population variation information, one can begin to characterize differential susceptibility due to genetic variability to environmental chemicals within and across genetically heterogeneous human populations. The integration of such data sources will be informative to human health risk assessment.
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