Bastazini VAG, Galiana N, Hillebrand H, Estiarte M, Ogaya R, Peñuelas J, Sommer U, Montoya JM. The impact of climate warming on species diversity across scales: Lessons from experimental meta-ecosystems.
Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2021;
30:1545-1554. [PMID:
36618082 PMCID:
PMC7614025 DOI:
10.1111/geb.13308]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM
The aim was to evaluate the effects of climate warming on biodiversity across spatial scales (i.e., α-, β- and γ-diversity) and the effects of patch openness and experimental context on diversity responses.
LOCATION
Global.
TIME PERIOD
1995-2017.
MAJOR TAXA STUDIED
Fungi, invertebrates, phytoplankton, plants, seaweed, soil microbes and zooplankton.
METHODS
We compiled data from warming experiments and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of warming on different components of diversity (such as species richness and equivalent numbers) at different spatial scales (α-, β- and γ-diversity, partitioning β-diversity into species turnover and nestedness components). We also investigated how these effects were modulated by system openness, defined as the possibility of replicates being colonized by new species, and experimental context (duration, mean temperature change and ecosystem type).
RESULTS
Experimental warming did not affect local species richness (α-diversity) but decreased effective numbers of species by affecting species dominance. Warming increased species spatial turnover (β-diversity), although no significant changes were detected at the regional scale (γ-diversity). Site openness and experimental context did not significantly affect our results, despite significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes of α- and β-diversity.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis shows that the effects of warming on biodiversity are scale dependent. The local and regional inventory diversity remain unaltered, whereas species composition across temperature gradients and the patterns of species dominance change with temperature, creating novel communities that might be harder to predict.
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