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Heinze C, Hartmeyer RD, Sidenius A, Ringgaard LW, Bjerregaard AL, Krølner RF, Allender S, Bauman A, Klinker CD. Developing and Evaluating a Data-Driven and Systems Approach to Health Promotion Among Vocational Students: Protocol for the Data Health Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e52571. [PMID: 38319698 PMCID: PMC10879971 DOI: 10.2196/52571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vocational school students exhibit significant risk behaviors in terms of poor diet, frequent use of nicotine products, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, low levels of physical activity, and poor mental health. This makes vocational students vulnerable to the development of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, effective health promotion programs targeting vocational students are required. OBJECTIVE The Danish study "Data-driven and Systems Approach to Health Promotion Among Vocational Students" (Data Health) aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a systems approach to support vocational schools, municipalities, and local communities in implementing locally relevant health promotion actions among and for vocational students. This paper describes the Data Health program and how implementation and preliminary effectiveness will be evaluated. METHODS The Data Health program offers an iterative 5-step process to develop changes in the systems that shape health behavior and well-being among vocational students. The program will be implemented and evaluated in 8 Danish vocational schools in 4 municipalities. The implementation of the process and actions will be explored using a systems-based evaluation design that assesses contextual differences and the mechanisms through which the program leads to changes in the systems. Preliminary effectiveness at the individual level (students' self-reported health behavior and well-being) and organizational level (school organizational readiness reported by school staff) will be assessed using a quasi-experimental design, and cross-sectional data will be collected at all 8 schools simultaneously 4 times during the 2-year study period. RESULTS This study was launched in 2021, and data collection is expected to be completed in June 2024. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in January 2024. CONCLUSIONS We expect that the Data Health study will make significant contributions to complex intervention research by contributing to the paucity of research studies that have used systems approaches in school settings. The study will also provide evidence of successful elements for systems change and effectiveness to determine whether a national scale-up can be recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05308459; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05308459. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Heinze
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Dalgaard Hartmeyer
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Sidenius
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lene Winther Ringgaard
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steven Allender
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charlotte Demant Klinker
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Hayirli TC, Meara JG, Abahuje E, Alayande B, Augustin S, Barash D, Boatin AA, Kalolo A, Kengia J, Kingpriest P, Kissima I, Lugazia ER, Mpirimbanyi C, Ngonzi J, Njai A, Smith VL, Kapologwe N, Alidina S. A practical tool for managing change: cross-sectional psychometric assessment of the safe surgery organizational readiness tool. Int J Surg 2024; 110:733-739. [PMID: 38051926 PMCID: PMC10871570 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strengthening health systems through planned safety and quality improvement initiatives is an imperative to achieve more equitable, resilient, and effective care. And yet, years of organizational behavior research demonstrate that change initiatives often fall short because managers fail to account for organizational readiness for change. This finding remains true especially among surgical safety and quality improvement initiatives in low-income countries and middle-income countries. In this study, our aim was to psychometrically assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Safe Surgery Organizational Readiness Tool (SSORT), a short survey tool designed to provide change leaders with insight into facility infrastructure that supports learning and readiness to undertake change. MATERIALS AND METHODS To demonstrate generalizability and achieve a large sample size ( n =1706) to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a collaboration between seven surgical and anesthesia safety and quality improvement initiatives was formed. Collected survey data from health care workers were divided into pilot, exploration, and confirmation samples. The pilot sample was used to assess feasibility. The exploration sample was used to conduct EFA, while the confirmation sample was used to conduct CFA. Factor internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS Results of the EFA retained 9 of the 16 proposed factors associated with readiness to change. CFA results of the identified 9 factor model, measured by 28 survey items, demonstrated excellent fit to data. These factors (appropriateness, resistance to change, team efficacy, team learning orientation, team valence, communication about change, learning environment, vision for sustainability, and facility capacity) were also found to be internally consistent. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that communication, team learning, and supportive environment are components of change readiness that can be reliably measured prior to implementation of projects that promote surgical safety and quality improvement in low-income countries and middle-income countries. Future research can link performance on identified factors to outcomes that matter most to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna C. Hayirli
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School
| | - John G. Meara
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Egide Abahuje
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professions
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali
| | - Barnabas Alayande
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School
- Department of Population and Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston
- Center for Equity in Global Surgery, University of Global Health Equity, Buttaro
- Faith Alive Foundation, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adeline A. Boatin
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School
- Harvard Medical School
- Department of OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Albino Kalolo
- Department of Public Health, St Francis University college of Health and Allied Sciences, Morogoro
- Implementation Research Division, Center for Reforms, Innovation, Health Policies and Implementation Research (CERIHI)
| | - James Kengia
- Directorate of Health, Social Welfare & Nutrition Services, President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), Dodoma
| | - Paul Kingpriest
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Surgical Equity and Research Centre
| | | | - Edwin R. Lugazia
- Anesthesiology Department-Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Joseph Ngonzi
- Obstetrics/Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Abdoulie Njai
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ntuli Kapologwe
- Directorate of Health, Social Welfare & Nutrition Services, President’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), Dodoma
| | - Shehnaz Alidina
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School
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Nuss S, Nkurunziza J, Mugabo C, Kubwimana M, Benimana F, Uwera C, Nyirasabwa T, Nyirimanzi N, Forbes C, Majyambere JP, Kateera F, Hedt-Gauthier BL, Cubaka VK. Increasing access to pediatric surgical care: Assessing district hospital readiness in rural Rwanda. World J Surg 2024; 48:290-315. [PMID: 38618642 PMCID: PMC11008909 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction/Background Safe and quality surgery is crucial for child health. In Rwanda, district hospitals serve as primary entry points for pediatric patients needing surgical care. This paper reports on the organizational readiness and facility capacity to provide pediatric surgery in three district hospitals in rural Rwanda. Methods We administered the Children's Surgical Assessment Tool (CSAT), adapted for a Rwandan district hospital, to assess facility readiness across 5 domains (infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, financing, and training) at three Partners in Health supported district hospitals (Kirehe, Rwinkwavu, and Butaro District Hospitals). We used the Safe Surgery Organizational Readiness Tool (SSORT) to measure perceived individual and team readiness to implement surgical quality improvement interventions across 14 domains. Results None of the facilities had a dedicated pediatric surgeon, and the most common barriers to pediatric surgery were lack of surgeon (68%), lack of physician anesthesiologists (19%), and inadequate infrastructure (17%). There were gaps in operating and recovery room infrastructure, and information management for pediatric outpatients and referrals. In SSORT interviews (n=47), the highest barriers to increasing pediatric surgery capacity were facility capacity (mean score=2.6 out of 5), psychological safety (median score=3.0 out of 5), and resistance to change (mean score=1.5 out of 5 with 5=no resistance). Conclusions This study highlights challenges in providing safe and high-quality surgical care to pediatric patients in three rural district hospitals in Rwanda. It underscores the need for targeted interventions to address facility and organizational barriers prior to implementing interventions to expand pediatric surgical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nuss
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Carol Mugabo
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Cynthia Uwera
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Callum Forbes
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kalbarczyk A, Rao A, Alonge OO. Determinants of factors affecting readiness of academic institutions to conduct knowledge translation in low- and middle-income countries. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1302756. [PMID: 38259768 PMCID: PMC10800438 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1302756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Capacity building strategies have been used to improve uptake of knowledge translation (KT) activities among academic institutions, but little is known about their effectiveness, contextual responsiveness, and adaptability. Many of these strategies target individuals while few address institutional gaps. This research describes the determinants for conducting KT (or readiness to conduct such activities) at the institutional level across diverse LMIC contexts to inform the development of capacity building strategies. Methods We conducted a survey to assess organizational readiness to conduct KT to public health researchers and practitioners from six academic institutions in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, DRC, India, Indonesia and Nigeria and members of a global knowledge-to-action working group. We assessed the frequency of barriers and facilitators to KT and their relationship to age, gender, country, and KT experience. We then performed logistic regression to identify determinants of five underlying factors demonstrated to influence KT readiness in LMICs (Institutional Climate, Organization Change Efficacy, Prioritization and Cosmopolitanism, Self-Efficacy and Financial Resource) along with their composite score, which represented an overall readiness score to conduct KT. Results A total of 111 responses were included in the final analysis. Participants represented 10 LMICs; a majority were 30-49 years old (57%) and most were male (53%). Most participants had professional foci in research (84%), teaching (62%), and project coordination (36%) and 59% indicated they had experience with KT. Common facilitators included motivated faculty (57%) and dedicated personnel (40%). Funding (60%), training (37%), and time (37%) were the most frequently reported barriers. In the adjusted model, age, gender, country, and professional focus were significantly associated with at least one factor. Prior experience with KT was significantly and positively (OR = 9.07; CI: 1.60-51.58; p < 0.05) associated with the overall KT readiness to conduct KT. Discussion Different KT readiness factors are relevant for younger (institutional climate) vs. older (self-efficacy) academic professionals, suggesting value in cross-generational collaborations. Leadership and gender were both relevant for organizational change efficacy indicating a need to engage leaders and promote women to influence organizational change. Institutions in different countries may be at different stages of change; readiness assessments can be used to systematically identify needs and develop targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalbarczyk
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Dias EM, Walker TJ, Craig DW, Gibson R, Szeszulski J, Brandt HM, Johnson H, Lamont A, Wandersman A, Fernandez ME. Examining readiness for implementing practice changes in federally qualified health centers: A rapid qualitative study. J Community Psychol 2023; 51:2724-2740. [PMID: 37021464 PMCID: PMC10523852 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Implementing evidence-based interventions remains slow in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). The purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine the R = MC2 (Readiness = motivation × innovation specific capacity × general capacity) heuristic subcomponents in the context of implementing general and colorectal cancer screening (CRCS)-related practice changes in FQHCs. We conducted 17 interviews with FQHC employees to examine (1) experiences with successful or unsuccessful practice change efforts, (2) using approaches to promote CRCS, and (3) opinions about R = MC2 subcomponents. We conducted a rapid qualitative analysis to examine the frequency, depth, and spontaneity of subcomponents. Priority, compatibility, observability (motivation), intra- and interorganizational relationships (innovation-specific capacity), and organizational structure and resource utilization (general capacity) emerged as highly relevant. For example, organizational structure was described as related to an organization's open communication during meetings to help with scheduling procedures. The results contribute to understanding organizational readiness in the FQHC setting and can be helpful when identifying and prioritizing barriers and facilitators that affect implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle M Dias
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy J Walker
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Derek W Craig
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Gibson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacob Szeszulski
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heather M Brandt
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, St. Jude Comprehensive Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria E Fernandez
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lee LK, John JS, Fox DJ, Rosenthal EL. Editorial: Strengthening the Community Health Worker Practice. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1254264. [PMID: 37693697 PMCID: PMC10486012 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1254264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lily K. Lee
- KTE Strategies, LLC, Corona, CA, United States
| | - Julie St. John
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Julia Jones Matthews School of Population and Public Health, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Durrell J. Fox
- Health Services Division, JSI Research and Training Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - E. Lee Rosenthal
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Corbin CK, Maclay R, Acharya A, Mony S, Punnathanam S, Thapa R, Kotecha N, Shah NH, Chen JH. DEPLOYR: a technical framework for deploying custom real-time machine learning models into the electronic medical record. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1532-1542. [PMID: 37369008 PMCID: PMC10436147 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heatlhcare institutions are establishing frameworks to govern and promote the implementation of accurate, actionable, and reliable machine learning models that integrate with clinical workflow. Such governance frameworks require an accompanying technical framework to deploy models in a resource efficient, safe and high-quality manner. Here we present DEPLOYR, a technical framework for enabling real-time deployment and monitoring of researcher-created models into a widely used electronic medical record system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We discuss core functionality and design decisions, including mechanisms to trigger inference based on actions within electronic medical record software, modules that collect real-time data to make inferences, mechanisms that close-the-loop by displaying inferences back to end-users within their workflow, monitoring modules that track performance of deployed models over time, silent deployment capabilities, and mechanisms to prospectively evaluate a deployed model's impact. RESULTS We demonstrate the use of DEPLOYR by silently deploying and prospectively evaluating 12 machine learning models trained using electronic medical record data that predict laboratory diagnostic results, triggered by clinician button-clicks in Stanford Health Care's electronic medical record. DISCUSSION Our study highlights the need and feasibility for such silent deployment, because prospectively measured performance varies from retrospective estimates. When possible, we recommend using prospectively estimated performance measures during silent trials to make final go decisions for model deployment. CONCLUSION Machine learning applications in healthcare are extensively researched, but successful translations to the bedside are rare. By describing DEPLOYR, we aim to inform machine learning deployment best practices and help bridge the model implementation gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor K Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rob Maclay
- Stanford Children’s Health, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Thapa
- Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Nigam H Shah
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Mekonnen M, Bayissa Z. The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Organizational Readiness for Change Among Health Professionals. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231185923. [PMID: 37448973 PMCID: PMC10336755 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231185923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles on organizational readiness for change among health professionals in the case of selected public hospitals in the North Showa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods The institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed for one month in April 2021. The data were collected from a sample of 212 subordinate health professional staffs. Multi-factor leadership surveys and organizational readiness for change questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis, run on the SPSS 23 version. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used. Multiple regression results were expressed using the statistical values R2 and β-coefficient. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value of <.05. Result The Pearson product correlation of organizational readiness for change was found to be low positive and statistically significant for both transformational leadership behavior (r = .49, P < .01) and transactional leadership behavior (r = .39, P < .01). Both transformational leadership behavior (t = 5.32, P = .00) and transactional leadership behavior (t = 2.08, P = .034) were found to be significant contributors to the variance of organizational readiness for change among health professionals, according to the findings. However, transformational leadership behavior style appears to make a more significant contribution (β = 0.39) than transactional leadership style (β = 0.15) in predicting organizational readiness for change among health professionals. Conclusion The study revealed that whenever transformational and/or transactional leadership behaviors are exhibited by the administrative staff, readiness for organizational change (commitment and efficacy) increases among health professionals. The study also concluded that a quarter of the readiness for organizational change can be affected by the two leadership styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Mekonnen
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Bayissa
- School of Commerce, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Splett JW, Perales K, Miller E, Hartley SN, Wandersman A, Halliday CA, Weist MD. Using readiness to understand implementation challenges in school mental health research. J Community Psychol 2022; 50:3101-3121. [PMID: 35180319 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Schools and research partners are increasingly implementing complex, multicomponent interventions and school-wide frameworks to better meet students' social, emotional, behavioral, and academic needs; however, in the research and real-world contexts, implementation is often fraught with many challenges and barriers to success. This study explores implementation barriers encountered during a randomized controlled trial testing effects of one complex intervention strategy-the Interconnected Systems Framework-from the lens of a practical model for conceptualizing organizational readiness-the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation. Implementation of the Interconnected Systems Framework was explored via focus group and key informant interviews with school and mental health professionals, and research team members responsible for implementing the intervention in randomly assigned study schools. Results from inductive thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts identified three primary implementation challenges: staff turnover, inadequate leadership buy-in, and insufficient time for training/planning. Each challenge is explored from interview participants' perspectives and the extant literature, then connected to recommendations from implementation science to help others avoid similar challenges in their well-intentioned efforts to address the mounting concern for students' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni W Splett
- School of Special Education, School Psychology & Early Childhood Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Elaine Miller
- Division of K-16 Educational Initiatives, College of Education, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Samantha N Hartley
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, National Center for School Mental Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abraham Wandersman
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Colleen A Halliday
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark D Weist
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Vincent-Doe A, Sneed R, Jordan T, Key K, Bailey RS, Jefferson BB, Sanders RPE, Brewer A, Scott JB, Calvin K, Summers M, Farmer B, Johnson-Lawrence V. Exploring the Readiness of African-American Churches to Engage in a Community-Engaged Blood Pressure Reduction Research Study: Lessons Learned from the Church Challenge. J Community Engagem Scholarsh 2022; 14:10. [PMID: 35734421 PMCID: PMC9207767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been used to assess individual readiness for health behavior change. We describe our use of the TTM to assess organizational readiness of African-American churches to participate in the Church Challenge (CC) in Flint, Michigan; the processes of change that moved churches toward readiness for change; and lessons learned. Methods The CC was a faith-based, multilevel intervention to reduce chronic disease risk. A community-based participatory approach was used to engage and recruit churches. We used the TTM to capture church readiness for change and track church progress through the five stages. Results We engaged with 70 churches: 35 remained in Stage 1 (precontemplation), 10 remained in Stage 2 (contemplation), 3 remained in Stage 3 (preparation), 5 made it to Stage 4 (action), and 17 finished within Stage 5 (maintenance). Churches engaged in several processes of change as they moved through the various stages of change. Lessons Learned Utilizing processes of change, establishing rapport, and having previous participants share success stories helped move churches from stage-to-stage. However, certain barriers prevented progression, such as burnout/trauma from the Flint Water Crisis and scheduling conflicts. Discussion Faith-based organizational readiness greatly impacted participation in the CC. Researchers should utilize established social capital, build rapport, and remain flexible when working with African-American churches. Conclusion Although traditionally used at the individual level, the TTM works well at the organizational level to assess and monitor church readiness to participate in community-engaged research and health programming to improve health in an African-American faith community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodlescia Sneed
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Tamara Jordan
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Kent Key
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI,Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, MI
| | - Rev. Sarah Bailey
- Bridges to the Future, Flint, MI,Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, MI
| | | | | | - Allysoon Brewer
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Jamil B. Scott
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health
| | - Kahlil Calvin
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Monicia Summers
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Bridget Farmer
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
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Thomas K, Dannapfel P. Organizational readiness to implement a care model in primary care for frail older adults living at home in Sweden. Front Health Serv 2022; 2:958659. [PMID: 36925790 PMCID: PMC10012617 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.958659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The demographic change of an aging population constitutes a challenge for primary care organizations worldwide. The systematic implementation of preventative and proactive care models is needed to cope with increased care demands. Objective To investigate the organizational readiness in primary care to implement a new care model to prevent hospitalization among frail older adults. Method Individual qualitative interviews with health care staff investigated organizational readiness at seven primary care units in Sweden. A semi-structured interview guide was used during the interviews and included broad questions on individual and collective readiness to change. Directed content analysis and organizational readiness to change theory were used in data analysis. Results Positive beliefs among staff such as perceived benefits and compatibility with existing values contributed to a strong commitment to implement the new care model. However, perceptions such as unclear task demands, limited resources and concerns about new collaborative structures challenged implementation. Conclusions The findings emphasize implementation as an inter-organizational phenomenon, especially for holistic practices that span across multiple health care providers and disciplines. Furthermore, implementing care models in healthcare may require a change of culture as much as a change of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Thomas
- Division of Society and Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petra Dannapfel
- Division of Society and Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Calvert HG, Lane HG, McQuilkin M, Wenner JA, Turner L. Elementary Schools' Response to Student Wellness Needs during the COVID-19 Shutdown: A Qualitative Exploration Using the R = MC 2 Readiness Heuristic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:279. [PMID: 35010539 PMCID: PMC8750629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying public health advisories forced K-12 schools throughout the United States to suspend in-person instruction. School personnel rapidly transitioned to remote provision of academic instruction and wellness services such as school meals and counseling services. The aim of this study was to investigate how schools responded to the transition to remote supports, including assessment of what readiness characteristics schools leveraged or developed to facilitate those transitions. Semi-structured interviews informed by school wellness implementation literature were conducted in the spring of 2020. Personnel (n = 50) from 39 urban and rural elementary schools nationwide participated. The readiness = motivation capacity2 (R = MC2) heuristic, developed by Scaccia and colleagues, guided coding to determine themes related to schools' readiness to support student wellness in innovative ways during the pandemic closure. Two distinct code sets emerged, defined according to the R = MC2 heuristic (1) Innovations: roles that schools took on during the pandemic response, and (2) Readiness: factors influencing schools' motivation and capacity to carry out those roles. Schools demonstrated unprecedented capacity and motivation to provide crucial wellness support to students and families early in the COVID-19 pandemic. These efforts can inform future resource allocation and new strategies to implement school wellness practices when schools resume normal operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Calvert
- Center for School and Community Partnerships, College of Education, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1742, USA; (M.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Hannah G. Lane
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, 705 Broad Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
| | - Michaela McQuilkin
- Center for School and Community Partnerships, College of Education, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1742, USA; (M.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Julianne A. Wenner
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, Clemson University, 405 Gantt Circle, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Lindsey Turner
- Center for School and Community Partnerships, College of Education, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1742, USA; (M.M.); (L.T.)
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Kashyap S, Morse KE, Patel B, Shah NH. A survey of extant organizational and computational setups for deploying predictive models in health systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:2445-2450. [PMID: 34423364 PMCID: PMC8510384 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enabled healthcare is now feasible for many health systems, yet little is known about effective strategies of system architecture and governance mechanisms for implementation. Our objective was to identify the different computational and organizational setups that early-adopter health systems have utilized to integrate AI/ML clinical decision support (AI-CDS) and scrutinize their trade-offs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted structured interviews with health systems with AI deployment experience about their organizational and computational setups for deploying AI-CDS at point of care. RESULTS We contacted 34 health systems and interviewed 20 healthcare sites (58% response rate). Twelve (60%) sites used the native electronic health record vendor configuration for model development and deployment, making it the most common shared infrastructure. Nine (45%) sites used alternative computational configurations which varied significantly. Organizational configurations for managing AI-CDS were distinguished by how they identified model needs, built and implemented models, and were separable into 3 major types: Decentralized translation (n = 10, 50%), IT Department led (n = 2, 10%), and AI in Healthcare (AIHC) Team (n = 8, 40%). DISCUSSION No singular computational configuration enables all current use cases for AI-CDS. Health systems need to consider their desired applications for AI-CDS and whether investment in extending the off-the-shelf infrastructure is needed. Each organizational setup confers trade-offs for health systems planning strategies to implement AI-CDS. CONCLUSION Health systems will be able to use this framework to understand strengths and weaknesses of alternative organizational and computational setups when designing their strategy for artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehj Kashyap
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Keith E Morse
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Birju Patel
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Kalbarczyk A, Rodriguez DC, Mahendradhata Y, Sarker M, Seme A, Majumdar P, Akinyemi OO, Kayembe P, Alonge OO. Barriers and facilitators to knowledge translation activities within academic institutions in low- and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:728-739. [PMID: 33661285 PMCID: PMC8173595 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The barriers and facilitators of conducting knowledge translation (KT) activities are well-established but less is known about the institutional forces that drive these barriers, particularly in low resource settings. Understanding organizational readiness has been used to assess and address such barriers but the employment of readiness assessments has largely been done in high-income countries. We conducted a qualitative study to describe the institutional needs and barriers in KT specific to academic institutions in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a review of the grey and published literature to identify country health priorities and established barriers and facilitators for KT. Key-informant interviews (KII) were conducted to elicit perceptions of institutional readiness to conduct KT, including experiences with KT, and views on motivation and capacity building. Participants included representatives from academic institutions and Ministries of Health in six countries (Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria). We conducted 18 KIIs, 11 with members of academic institutions and 7 with policymakers. KIIs were analysed using a deductive and inductive coding approach. Our findings support many well-documented barriers including lack of time, skills and institutional support to conduct KT. Three additional institutional drivers emerged around soft skills and the complexity of the policy process, alignment of incentives and institutional missions, and the role of networks. Participants reflected on often-lacking soft-skills needed by researchers to engage policy makers. Continuous engagement was viewed as a challenge given competing demands for time (both researchers and policy makers) and lack of institutional incentives to conduct KT. Strong networks, both within the institution and between institutions, were described as important for conducting KT but difficult to establish and maintain. Attention to the cross-cutting themes representing barriers and facilitators for both individuals and institutions can inform the development of capacity building strategies that meet readiness needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalbarczyk
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yodi Mahendradhata
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Heidelberg Global Institute of Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assefa Seme
- Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, Ethiopia
| | - Piyusha Majumdar
- Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Oluwaseun O Akinyemi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Kayembe
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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15
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Domlyn AM, Scott V, Livet M, Lamont A, Watson A, Kenworthy T, Talford M, Yannayon M, Wandersman A. R = MC 2 readiness building process: A practical approach to support implementation in local, state, and national settings. J Community Psychol 2021; 49:1228-1248. [PMID: 33778968 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective implementation of evidence-based interventions is a persistent challenge across community settings. Organizational readiness - or, the motivation and collective capacity of an entity to adopt and sustain an innovation - is important to facilitate implementation. Drawing on the R = MC2 readiness framework, we developed a readiness building process to tailor support for implementation. The process is composed of the following stages: assessment, feedback and prioritization, and strategize. In this article, we describe the application of the readiness building process through three case examples representing interventions at different ecological levels: local, state, and national. The case examples illuminate challenges and practical considerations for using the readiness building process, including the significance of on-going leadership engagement and collaboration between support system and delivery system staff. To further the research and practice of implementation readiness, we suggest examining the impact of readiness building on implementation outcomes and developing an empirically-informed repository of change management strategies matched to readiness constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Domlyn
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria Scott
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melanie Livet
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Medication Optimization (CMO), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Lamont
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amber Watson
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tara Kenworthy
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mary Yannayon
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Medication Optimization (CMO), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abraham Wandersman
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Wandersman Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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16
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Lee LK, Ruano E, Fernández P, Ortega S, Lucas C, Joachim-Célestin M. Workforce Readiness Training: A Comprehensive Training Model That Equips Community Health Workers to Work at the Top of Their Practice and Profession. Front Public Health 2021; 9:673208. [PMID: 34169058 PMCID: PMC8217862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.673208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent reports have recognized that only 20 percent of health outcomes are attributed to clinical care. Environmental conditions, behaviors, and social determinants of health account for 80 percent of overall health outcomes. With shortages of clinical providers stressing an already burdened healthcare system, Community Health Workers (CHWs) can bridge healthcare gaps by addressing these nonmedical factors influencing health. This paper details how a comprehensive training model equips CHWs for workforce readiness so they can perform at the top of their practice and profession and deliver well-coordinated client/patient-centered care. Methods: Literature reviews and studies revealed that training CHWs alone is not sufficient for successful workforce readiness, rather CHW integration within the workforce is needed. Consequently, this comprehensive training model is developed for CHWs with varying skill levels and work settings, and supervisors to support organizational readiness and CHW integration efforts. A systematic training program development approach along with detailed implementation methods are presented. Continuing education sessions to support CHW practice and Organizational Readiness Training for supervisors, leadership and team members directly engaged with CHWs in the workplace are also discussed. CHWs were involved in all phases of the research, development, implementation, and actively serve in evaluations and curriculum review committees. Results: Components of the comprehensive training model are presented with an emphasis on the core CHW training. Two CHW training tracks are offered using three delivery modalities. Process measures with student learning objectives, outcome measures developed using the Kirkpatrick model to capture attitude, perceptions, knowledge acquisition, confidence, behavior, and overall experience, and impact stories by two CHWs are presented. Lessons learned from the implementation of the training program are discussed in three categories: Practice-driven curricula, student-centered training implementation, and adaptations in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: This comprehensive training model recognizes that training CHWs in a robust training program is key as the demand for well-rounded CHWs increases. Furthermore, a comprehensive training program must include training for supervisors, leadership, and team members working directly with CHWs. Such efforts strengthen the CHW practice and profession to support the delivery of well-coordinated and holistic client/patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily K Lee
- Community Health Workers/Promotores Academy, San Manuel Gateway College, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA, United States.,School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ruano
- Community Health Workers/Promotores Academy, San Manuel Gateway College, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Fernández
- Community Health Workers/Promotores Academy, San Manuel Gateway College, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Ortega
- Community Health Workers/Promotores Academy, San Manuel Gateway College, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Maud Joachim-Célestin
- Community Health Workers/Promotores Academy, San Manuel Gateway College, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA, United States.,School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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17
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Spalluto LB, Lewis JA, Stolldorf D, Yeh VM, Callaway-Lane C, Wiener RS, Slatore CG, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI, Vogus TJ, Massion PP, Moghanaki D, Roumie CL. Organizational Readiness for Lung Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:809-819. [PMID: 33421372 PMCID: PMC8180484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer has the highest cancer-related mortality in the United States and among Veterans. Screening of high-risk individuals with low-dose CT (LDCT) can improve survival through detection of early-stage lung cancer. Organizational factors that aid or impede implementation of this evidence-based practice in diverse populations are not well described. We evaluated organizational readiness for change and change valence (belief that change is beneficial and valuable) for implementation of LDCT screening. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of providers, staff, and administrators in radiology and primary care at a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Survey measures included Shea's validated Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) scale and Shea's 10 items to assess change valence. ORIC and change valence were scored on a scale from 1 to 7 (higher scores representing higher readiness for change or valence). Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to determine predictors of ORIC and change valence. RESULTS Of 523 employees contacted, 282 completed survey items (53.9% overall response rate). Higher ORIC scores were associated with radiology versus primary care (mean 5.48, SD 1.42 versus 5.07, SD 1.22, β = 0.37, P = .039). Self-identified leaders in lung cancer screening had both higher ORIC (5.56, SD 1.39 versus 5.11, SD 1.26, β = 0.43, P = .050) and change valence scores (5.89, SD 1.21 versus 5.36, SD 1.19, β = 0.51, P = .012). DISCUSSION Radiology health professionals have higher levels of readiness for change for implementation of LDCT screening than those in primary care. Understanding health professionals' behavioral determinants for change can inform future lung cancer screening implementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy B Spalluto
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee; Vice Chair of Health Equity, Associate Director, Diversity and Inclusion Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Co-Director, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Lung Cancer Screening Program, Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Deonni Stolldorf
- Chair, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing PhD Program Evaluation Committee, Chair, Vanderbilt University Competency Exam Committee, School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vivian M Yeh
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carol Callaway-Lane
- Co-Director, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Lung Cancer Screening Program, Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee; Associate Director, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Veterans Administration Quality Scholars Program, Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renda Soylemez Wiener
- Associate Director, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, Co-Chair, VISN1 Lung Cancer Screening Council, Deputy Chair, Pulmonary Field Advisory Committee, Veterans Health Administration, Boston Massachusetts; The Pulmonary Center, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher G Slatore
- Medical Director, Portland VA Medical Center Unsuspected Radiologic Findings System, Health Services Research and Development, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon; Co-Director, Portland VA Medical Center Lung Cancer Screening Program, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David F Yankelevitz
- Director, Lung Biopsy Service, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Claudia I Henschke
- Phoenix Veterans Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona; Director of the Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Timothy J Vogus
- Deputy Director of Business Innovation, Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Faculty Director, Leadership Development, Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Director, Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Initiative at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Co-Leader, Cancer Health Outcomes and Control Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Medical Service, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Drew Moghanaki
- Section Chief, Department of Radiation Oncology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christianne L Roumie
- Deputy Director, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Quality Scholars Program, Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee; Director, Vanderbilt Master of Public Health Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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MacGeorge CA, King K, Andrews AL, Sterba K, Johnson E, Brinton DL, Teufel RJ, Kruis R, Ford D. School nurse perception of asthma care in school-based telehealth. J Asthma 2021; 59:1248-1255. [PMID: 33730979 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1904978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School-based telehealth (SBTH) offers an opportunity to overcome traditional barriers to providing comprehensive asthma care for children. Guided by an implementation science framework considering factors internal and external to the school setting, we characterized barriers and facilitators to asthma care within an existing SBTH program available in over 50 under-resourced South Carolina schools. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed barriers and facilitators to SBTH asthma care delivery using web-based surveys of school nurses, specifically addressing school implementation of telehealth methods. Surveys evaluated practices and nurse and school-specific factors related to telehealth implementation including perceived barriers, organizational readiness and self-efficacy. Utilizers were schools who completed 1-10 average visits per month while non-utilizers completed less than 1 average visit per month. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize perceptions in utilizers versus non-utilizers. RESULTS Of 53 surveys distributed, 36 were completed (68% response rate). Commonly cited barriers included inadequate time due to competing tasks in both utilizers (65%) and non-utilizers (74%) as well as lack of caregiver involvement in care planning (94% of utilizers and 84% of non-utilizers). Of those utilizing specific, relevant telehealth services, schools scored high in perceptions of organizational readiness (n = 24, mean: 24.5/30), self-efficacy (n = 26, mean: 3.6/5) and comfort with identifying students eligible for SBTH (n = 26, mean: 3.5/5). CONCLUSIONS We identified inadequate nurse time and challenges engaging caregivers as key barriers to implementation of a school-based telehealth asthma program providing care to an under-resourced population. Addressing these barriers when expanding telehealth services may promote utilization of telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn King
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Annie L Andrews
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katherine Sterba
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel L Brinton
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ronald J Teufel
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ryan Kruis
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Center for Telehealth, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dee Ford
- Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Soylu TG, Cuellar AE, Goldberg DG, Kuzel AJ. Readiness and Implementation of Quality Improvement Strategies Among Small- and Medium-Sized Primary Care Practices: an Observational Study. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:2882-8. [PMID: 32779136 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about what determines strategy implementation around quality improvement (QI) in small- and medium-sized practices. Key questions are whether QI strategies are associated with practice readiness and practice characteristics. OBJECTIVE Grounded in organizational readiness theory, we examined how readiness and practice characteristics affect QI strategy implementation. The study was a component of a larger practice-level intervention, Heart of Virginia Healthcare, which sought to transform primary care while improving cardiovascular care. DESIGN This observational study analyzed practice correlates of QI strategy implementation in primary care at 3 and 12 months. Data were derived from surveys completed by clinicians and staff and from assessments by practice coaches. PARTICIPANTS A total of 175 small- and medium-sized primary care practices were included. MAIN MEASURES Outcome was QI strategy implementation in three domains: (1) aspirin, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking cessation (ABCS); (2) care coordination; and (3) organizational-level improvement. Coaches assessed implementation at 3 and 12 months. Readiness was measured by baseline member surveys, 1831 responses from 175 practices, a response rate of 73%. Practice survey assessed practice characteristics, a response rate of 93%. We used multivariate regression. KEY RESULTS QI strategy implementation increased from 3 to 12 months: the mean for ABCS from 1.20 to 1.59, care coordination from 2.15 to 2.75, organizational improvement from 1.37 to 1.78 (95% CI). There was no statistically significant association between readiness and QI strategy implementation across domains. Independent practice implementation was statistically significantly higher than hospital-owned practices at 3 months for ABCS (95% CI, P = 0.01) and care coordination (95% CI, P = 0.03), and at 12 months for care coordination (95% CI, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION QI strategy implementation varies by practice ownership. Independent practices focus on patient care-related activities. FQHCs may need additional time to adopt and implement QI activities. Practice readiness may require more structural and organizational changes before starting a QI effort.
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Locke J, Kang-Yi C, Frederick L, Mandell DS. Individual and organizational characteristics predicting intervention use for children with autism in schools. Autism 2019; 24:1152-1163. [PMID: 31867987 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319895923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Several interventions or treatment programs have been shown through research to improve social outcomes for children with autism, but they often are not used in schools. This study examined individual (school personnel) and organizational (school level) factors associated with the use of a research-informed social engagement intervention, Remaking Recess, for children with autism in elementary schools. A total of 28 school personnel from 12 schools in 5 districts in the northeastern United States participated. Schools were randomly assigned to (1) training in Remaking Recess only or (2) training in Remaking Recess with implementation support (tailored strategies to remove barriers to increase use of Remaking Recess). School personnel rated their attitudes about research-informed interventions, organizational readiness (school's readiness to use a research-informed intervention), and fidelity or the degree to which an intervention is used as it was originally designed. Observers rated school personnel's fidelity at baseline (pre-intervention training) and exit (post-intervention training). The results suggest that self-rated fidelity was lower when staff perceived the use of Remaking Recess was required; however, observer-rated fidelity was lower when staff rated Remaking Recess as appealing. In addition, self-rated fidelity was higher when there was a sufficient number of staff, positive individual growth, and organizational adaptability. The results also indicated higher observer-rated fidelity when staff perceived positive influence over their coworkers. The results suggest that both individual (attitudes) and organizational (influence, staffing, growth, adaptability) characteristics may affect implementation success in schools. A collaborative decision-making approach for evidence-based practice use is recommended.
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21
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Kujala S, Hörhammer I, Heponiemi T, Josefsson K. The Role of Frontline Leaders in Building Health Professional Support for a New Patient Portal: Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11413. [PMID: 30901003 PMCID: PMC6450477 DOI: 10.2196/11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective leadership and change management are thought to contribute to the successful implementation of health information technology innovations. However, limited attention has been paid to the role of frontline leaders in building health professional support for new technical innovations. Objective First, we examined whether frontline leaders’ positive expectations of a patient portal and perceptions of its implementation were associated with their support for the portal. Second, we explored whether leaders’ positive perceptions influenced the same unit’s health professional support for the portal. Methods Data were collected through an online survey of 2067 health professionals and 401 frontline leaders working in 44 units from 14 health organizations in Finland. The participating organizations run a joint self-care and digital value services project developing a new patient portal for self-management. The survey was conducted before the piloting and implementation of the patient portal. Results The frontline leaders’ perception of vision clarity had the strongest association with their own support for the portal (ß=.40, P<.001). Results also showed an association between leaders’ view of organizational readiness and their support (ß=.15, P=.04). The leaders’ positive perceptions of the quality of informing about the patient portal was associated with both leaders’ own (ß=.16, P=.02) and subordinate health professionals’ support for the portal (ß=.08, P<.001). Furthermore, professional participation in the planning of the portal was positively associated with their support (ß=.57, P<.001). Conclusions Findings suggest that assuring good informing, communicating a clear vision to frontline leaders, and acknowledging organizational readiness for change can increase health professional support for electronic health (eHealth) services in the pre-implementation phase. Results highlight the role of frontline leaders in engaging professionals in the planning and implementation of eHealth services and in building health professionals’ positive attitudes toward the implementation of eHealth services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Kujala
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiris Hörhammer
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tarja Heponiemi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim Josefsson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Strickland JR, Kinghorn AM, Evanoff BA, Dale AM. Implementation of the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program in a Retail Setting: A Feasibility Study and Framework for Evaluation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E590. [PMID: 30781669 PMCID: PMC6406806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Participatory methods used in Total Worker Health® programs have not been well studied, and little is known about what is needed to successfully implement these programs. We conducted a participatory health promotion program with grocery store workers using the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) from the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace. We recruited a design team made up of six line-level workers and a steering committee with management and union representatives; a research team member facilitated the program. Using a formal evaluation framework, we measured program implementation including workplace context, fidelity to HWPP materials, design team and steering committee engagement, program outputs, and perceptions of the program. The HWPP was moderately successful in this setting, but required a substantial amount of worker and facilitator time. Design team members did not have the skills needed to move through the process and the steering committee did not offer adequate support to compensate for the team's shortfall. The evaluation framework provided a simple and practical method for identifying barriers to program delivery. Future studies should address these barriers to delivery and explore translation of this program to other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Strickland
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Anna M Kinghorn
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Bradley A Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Marvin AF, Volino Robinson R. Implementing trauma-informed care at a non-profit human service agency in Alaska: assessing knowledge, attitudes, and readiness for change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:550-563. [PMID: 29927739 DOI: 10.1080/23761407.2018.1489324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the critical aspect of individual staff attitudes and readiness for change within staff at a non-profit human service organization in Anchorage, Alaska, committed to adopting trauma-informed care (TIC). Organizational research has highlighted that staff attitudes and readiness impact the success of change efforts. METHOD An online survey was used to measure staff knowledge about trauma, attitudes toward TIC, and readiness for change. RESULTS A significant finding was that attitudes favorable toward TIC were positively associated with higher readiness for change. DISCUSSION Human service organizations have sought to become more responsive to the needs of clients that have experienced trauma by adopting TIC. Prior to change efforts, it is critical that organizations consider staff readiness. CONCLUSION As awareness about the prevalence and impact of trauma is increasing, these significant findings have implications for other agencies adopting TIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia F Marvin
- a Psychology , University of Alaska Anchorage , Anchorage , AK , USA
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24
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Serhal E, Arena A, Sockalingam S, Mohri L, Crawford A. Adapting the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Create Organizational Readiness and Implementation Tools for Project ECHO. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2018; 38:145-151. [PMID: 29505486 PMCID: PMC5999379 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model expands primary care provider (PCP) capacity to manage complex diseases by sharing knowledge, disseminating best practices, and building a community of practice. The model has expanded rapidly, with over 140 ECHO projects currently established globally. We have used validated implementation frameworks, such as Damschroder's (2009) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Proctor's (2011) taxonomy of implementation outcomes, combined with implementation experience to (1) create a set of questions to assess organizational readiness and suitability of the ECHO model and (2) provide those who have determined ECHO is the correct model with a checklist to support successful implementation. A set of considerations was created, which adapted and consolidated CFIR constructs to create ECHO-specific organizational readiness questions, as well as a process guide for implementation. Each consideration was mapped onto Proctor's (2011) implementation outcomes, and questions relating to the constructs were developed and reviewed for clarity. The Preimplementation list included 20 questions; most questions fall within Proctor's (2001) implementation outcome domains of "Appropriateness" and "Acceptability." The Process Checklist is a 26-item checklist to help launch an ECHO project; items map onto the constructs of Planning, Engaging, Executing, Reflecting, and Evaluating. Given that fidelity to the ECHO model is associated with robust outcomes, effective implementation is critical. These tools will enable programs to work through key considerations to implement a successful Project ECHO. Next steps will include validation with a diverse sample of ECHO projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serhal
- Ms. Serhal: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Arena: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Sockalingam: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network. Ms. Mohri: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Crawford: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abrahamson K, Myers J, Arling G, Davila H, Mueller C, Abery B, Cai Y. Capacity and readiness for quality improvement among home and community-based service providers. Home Health Care Serv Q 2016; 35:182-196. [PMID: 27897462 DOI: 10.1080/01621424.2016.1264343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore home and community-based service (HCBS) providers' perspectives of organizational readiness for quality improvement (QI). Data were obtained from a survey of participants (N = 56) in a state-sponsored HCBS QI initiative. Quality improvement challenges included lack of time and resources, staff apprehension or resistance, resistance from consumers and families, and project sustainability. Support from leadership was viewed as an important factor in participating organizations' decision to engage in QI. Internal resources available to support QI varied widely between participating organizations, with differences observed between smaller and larger agencies, as well as between provider types and populations served.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn Myers
- a Purdue University School of Nursing , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
| | - Greg Arling
- a Purdue University School of Nursing , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
| | - Heather Davila
- b University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Christine Mueller
- b University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Brian Abery
- b University of Minnesota Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Yun Cai
- a Purdue University School of Nursing , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
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26
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Nguyen TNM, Wilson A. Hospital readiness for undertaking evidence-based practice: A survey. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:465-472. [PMID: 27345522 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that evidence-based practice has increasing emphasis in health care, organizations are not always prepared for its implementation. Identifying organizational preparedness for implementing evidence-based practice is desirable prior to application. A cross-sectional survey was developed to explore nurses' perception of organizational support for evidence-based practice and was implemented via a self-enumerated survey completed by 234 nurses. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Nurses reported that implementation of evidence-based practice is complex and fraught with challenges because of a lack of organizational support. A conceptual framework comprising three key factors: information resources, nursing leadership, and organizational infrastructure was proposed to assist health authorities in the implementation of evidence-based practice. Suggestions of how organizations can be more supportive of research utilization in practice include establishing a library, journal clubs/mentoring programs, nurses' involvement in decision-making at unit level, and a local nursing association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Nursing Faculty, Danang University of Medical Technologies and Pharmacy, Danang City, Vietnam
| | - Anne Wilson
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Steele Gray C, Wilkinson A, Alvaro C, Wilkinson K, Harvey M. Building Resilience and Organizational Readiness During Healthcare Facility Redevelopment Transitions: Is It Possible to Thrive? HERD 2015. [PMID: 26205401 DOI: 10.1177/1937586715593552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hospital redevelopment constitutes a revolutionary change that can face strong resistance from employees. Few studies have examined how employee readiness for change relates to adjustment outcomes typically captured in post-occupancy evaluation (POE). The relationship between organizational readiness and employee adjustment is examined in the context of a POE conducted during a hospital redevelopment. BACKGROUND Our study focuses on the redevelopment of a complex continuing care and rehabilitation hospital that underwent complete physical redevelopment and major shifts in operational and organizational processes. METHODS Using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design, staff organizational readiness was assessed using surveys at four time periods: 6 months prior to the move (n = 125), 2 months prior to the move (n = 84), 3 months after the move (n = 187), and 6 months after the move (n = 194). Measures included organizational readiness, workplace satisfaction, psychological factors (well-being and optimism), and sociodemographic information. RESULTS Findings suggest readiness changes from pre- to post-move, with notable drops just prior (2 months) and just post (3 months) hospital move. Employees demonstrated significant increases in workplace satisfaction and interprofessional relationships from 6 months prior to the move to 6 months after. Results suggest that higher readiness is related to improved employee adjustment. CONCLUSIONS A supportive change environment was found to encourage positive employee outcomes in the face of revolutionary change. It is recommended that change management activities be tailored not only to employee need but also to the timing of the change process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Steele Gray
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Wilkinson
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for Research and Innovation, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celeste Alvaro
- Department of Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada CARE Consultancy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martha Harvey
- West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Ober AJ, Watkins KE, Hunter SB, Lamp K, Lind M, Setodji CM. An organizational readiness intervention and randomized controlled trial to test strategies for implementing substance use disorder treatment into primary care: SUMMIT study protocol. Implement Sci 2015; 10:66. [PMID: 25951953 PMCID: PMC4432875 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people who need treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) do not receive it. Evidence-based practices for treating SUD exist, and some are appropriate for delivery outside of specialty care settings. Primary care is an opportune setting in which to deliver SUD treatment because many individuals see their primary care providers at least once a year. Further, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) increases coverage for SUD treatment and is increasing the number of individuals seeking primary care services. In this article, we present the protocol for a study testing the effects of an organizational readiness and service delivery intervention on increasing the uptake of SUD treatment in primary care and on patient outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN In a randomized controlled trial, we test the combined effects of an organizational readiness intervention consisting of implementation tools and activities and an integrated collaborative care service delivery intervention based on the Chronic Care Model on service system (patient-centered care, utilization of substance use disorder treatment, utilization of health care services and adoption and sustainability of evidence-based practices) and patient (substance use, consequences of use, health and mental health, and satisfaction with care) outcomes. We also use a repeated measures design to test organizational changes throughout the study, such as acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of the practices to providers, and provider intention to adopt the practices. We use provider focus groups, provider and patient surveys, and administrative data to measure outcomes. DISCUSSION The present study responds to critical gaps in health care services for people with substance use disorders, including the need for greater access to SUD treatment and greater uptake of evidence-based practices in primary care. We designed a multi-level study that combines implementation tools to increase organizational readiness to adopt and sustain evidence-based practices (EBPs) and tests the effectiveness of a service delivery intervention on service system and patient outcomes related to SUD services. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current controlled trials: NCT01810159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Ober
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | | | - Sarah B Hunter
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
| | - Karen Lamp
- Venice Family Clinic, 604 Rose Avenue, Venice, CA, 90291, USA.
| | - Mimi Lind
- Venice Family Clinic, 604 Rose Avenue, Venice, CA, 90291, USA.
| | - Claude M Setodji
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.
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Saldana L, Chapman JE, Henggeler SW, Rowland MD. The Organizational Readiness for Change scale in adolescent programs: Criterion validity. J Subst Abuse Treat 2007; 33:159-69. [PMID: 17434703 PMCID: PMC2104560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the convergent validity and concurrent validity of the Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC; Lehman WEK, Greener JM, Simpson DD, 2002. Assessing organizational readiness for change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 22 197-210) scale among practitioners who treat adolescents. Within the context of a larger study, we administered the ORC scale and measures of practitioner attitudes toward evidence-based practices as well as treatment manuals to a heterogeneous sample of 543 community-based therapists in the state mental health and substance abuse treatment sectors. Using a contextual random-effects regression model, the association between ORC scale domains and measures of practitioner characteristics and attitudes were examined at both therapist and agency levels. The results support the convergent validity and concurrent validity of several domains. Namely, the domains focusing on motivational readiness and training needs were associated with higher appeal and openness to innovations. Those on program resources and climate were less related, however. Our discussion focuses on the utility of the ORC scale in helping evaluate the needs of programs considering the adoption of evidence-based practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Saldana
- Family Services Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29451, USA.
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