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Müller M, Cascales JP, Marks HL, Wang-Evers M, Manstein D, Evans CL. Phosphorescent Microneedle Array for the Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure in Tissue. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3440-3449. [PMID: 36305608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the exact oxygen partial pressure in tissue is crucial for patient care and in the treatment of ischemic medical conditions. However, current methods to assess oxygen partial pressure in tissue suffer from a variety of disadvantages, including complex equipment and procedures that necessitate trained personnel. Additionally, the barrier function of the stratum corneum reduces oxygen exchange and can consequently hamper surface measurements of rapidly changing oxygen partial pressure in tissue. To overcome these challenges, a novel, easy-to-use technique to monitor the oxygen partial pressure in tissue using microneedle arrays (MNAs) has been developed. The MNAs can be made from poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(propyl methacrylate) and overcome the skin's barrier function to measure oxygen in the capillary bed and interstitial fluid of the skin. The MNAs' tips are embedded with an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent metalloporphyrin, where the oxygen partial pressure inversely correlates to changes in both emission intensity and phosphorescence lifetime of the in-house developed red emitting Pt-core porphyrin. It was demonstrated that the oxygen-sensing MNAs are sufficiently robust to puncture human skin via rupture of the stratum corneum, and that the MNAs can detect changes in oxygen partial pressure in skin within the physiologically relevant range (0-160 mmHg). Additionally, the MNAs can be combined with a wearable wireless optical readout system, making these oxygen-sensing MNAs a novel wearable and portable method for user-friendly monitoring of oxygen partial pressure in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Haley L Marks
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Michael Wang-Evers
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Dieter Manstein
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts02129, United States
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Chong SH, Ong YH, El Khatib M, Allu SR, Parthasarathy AB, Greenberg JH, Yodh AG, Vinogradov SA. Real-time tracking of brain oxygen gradients and blood flow during functional activation. Neurophotonics 2022; 9:045006. [PMID: 36457848 PMCID: PMC9704417 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.045006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ( CMRO 2 ) consumption is a key physiological variable that characterizes brain metabolism in a steady state and during functional activation. Aim We aim to develop a minimally invasive optical technique for real-time measurement of CMRO 2 concurrently with cerebral blood flow (CBF). Approach We used a pair of macromolecular phosphorescent probes with nonoverlapping optical spectra, which were localized in the intra- and extravascular compartments of the brain tissue, thus providing a readout of oxygen gradients between these two compartments. In parallel, we measured CBF using laser speckle contrast imaging. Results The method enables computation and tracking of CMRO 2 during functional activation with high temporal resolution ( ∼ 7 Hz ). In contrast to other approaches, our assessment of CMRO 2 does not require measurements of CBF or hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Conclusions The independent records of intravascular and extravascular partial pressures of oxygen, CBF, and CMRO 2 provide information about the physiological events that accompany neuronal activation, creating opportunities for dynamic quantification of brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Hong Ong
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Radiation Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashwin B. Parthasarathy
- University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Joel H. Greenberg
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Marks HL, Cook K, Roussakis E, Cascales JP, Korunes‐Miller JT, Grinstaff MW, Evans CL. Quantitative Luminescence Photography of a Swellable Hydrogel Dressing with a Traffic-Light Response to Oxygen. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101605. [PMID: 35120400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensor-integrated wound dressings are emerging tools applicable to a wide variety of medical applications from emergency triage to at-home monitoring. Uncomfortable, unnecessary wound dressing changes may be avoided by providing quantitative insight into tissue characteristics related to wound healing such as tissue oxygenation, pH, and exudate/transudate volume. Here, a simple cost-effective methodology for quantifying oxygen and pH in a swellable hydrogel dressing using a single photograph is presented. The red and green luminescence of a novel dendritic polyamine Pt-porphyrin and fluorescein conjugate quantitatively responds to oxygen and pH, respectively, and enables robust sensing. The porphyrin conjugate, when combined with a four-arm star polyethylene glycol (PEG) amine polymer, rapidly crosslinks at room temperature with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-PEG crosslinker to form a color-changing hydrogel dressing with tunable swelling capabilities applicable to a variety of wound environments. An inexpensive digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera modified with bandpass filters captures the hydrogel luminescence using simple macroscopic photography, and conversion to HSB colorspace allows for intensity-independent image analysis of the hydrogels' dual modality response. The hydrogel formulation exhibits a robust and validated visible red-orange-green "traffic light" spectrum in response to oxygen changes, regardless of swelling state, pH, or autofluorescence from skin, thereby enabling the clinician friendly naked-eye feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L. Marks
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | - Katherine Cook
- Department of Chemistry Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | - Juan Pedro Cascales
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
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Wang F, Chen L, Zhu J, Hu X, Yang Y. A Phosphorescence Quenching-Based Intelligent Dissolved Oxygen Sensor on an Optofluidic Platform. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:281. [PMID: 33800237 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for water quality monitoring and biomedical applications. Here, a phosphorescence quenching-based intelligent dissolved oxygen sensor on an optofluidic platform for continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen is presented. A high sensitivity dissolved oxygen-sensing membrane was prepared by coating the phosphorescence indicator of platinum(II) meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP) on the surface of the microfluidic channels composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructure arrays. Then, oxygen could be determined by its quenching effect on the phosphorescence, according to Stern–Volmer model. The intelligent sensor abandons complicated optical or electrical design and uses a photomultiplier (PMT) counter in cooperation with a mobile phone application program to measure phosphorescence intensity, so as to realize continuous, intelligent and real-time dissolved oxygen analysis. Owing to the combination of the microfluidic-based highly sensitive oxygen sensing membrane with a reliable phosphorescent intensity detection module, the intelligent sensor achieves a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg/L, a high sensitivity of 16.9 and a short response time (22 s). Different natural water samples were successfully analyzed using the intelligent sensor, and results demonstrated that the sensor features a high accuracy. The sensor combines the oxygen sensing mechanism with optofluidics and electronics, providing a miniaturized and intelligent detection platform for practical oxygen analysis in different application fields.
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Golub AS, Nugent WH, Song BK. Spike of interstitial PO 2 produced by a twitch in rhythmically contracted muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14699. [PMID: 33400848 PMCID: PMC7785101 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2 ) exchange between capillaries and muscle cells in exercising muscles is of great interest for physiology and kinesiology. However, methodical limitations prevent O2 measurements on the millisecond scale. To bypass the constraints of quasi-continuous recording, progressive measurements of O2 partial pressure (PO2 ) in rhythmically contracting skeletal muscle were compiled to describe the O2 kinetics surrounding and including a single muscle contraction. Phosphorescence quenching microscopy measured PO2 in the interstitium of the rat spinotrapezius muscle. Measurements were triggered by contraction-inducing electrical pulses. For the first 60 seconds, measurement preceeded stimulation. After 60, measurement followed with a progressive 20 ms increment. Thus, the first 60 measurements describe the overall PO2 response to electrical stimulation initiated after a 10 second rest period, while 61-100 (stroboscopic mode) were compiled into a single 800 ms profile of the PO2 transient surrounding muscle contraction. Thirty seconds of stimulated contractions decreased interstitial PO2 from a baseline of 71 ± 1.4 mmHg to an "active" steady-state of 43 ± 1.5 mmHg. The stroboscopic mode compilation revealed an unexpected post-contractile rise in PO2 as a 205 ms spike with a maximum amplitude of 58 ± 3.8 mmHg at 68 ms, which restored 58% of the PO2 drop from baseline. Interpretation of this phenomenon is based on classical experiments by G.V. Anrep (1935), who discovered the rapid thrust of blood flow associated with muscle contraction. In addition to the metabolic implications during exercise, the physiological impact of these PO2 spikes may grow with an increased rate of rhythmical contractions in muscle or heart. NEW&NOTEWORTHY: The principal finding is a spike of interstitial PO2 , produced by a twitch in a rhythmically contracting muscle. A possible mechanism is flushing capillaries with arterial blood by mechanical forces. A technical novelty is the PO2 measurement with a "stroboscopic mode" and progressively increasing delay between stimulator pulse and PO2 measuring. That permitted a 20 ms time resolution for a 205 ms spike duration, using an excitation flash rate one per second.
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Ong YH, Miller J, Yuan M, Chandra M, El Khatib M, Vinogradov SA, Putt ME, Zhu TC, Cengel KA, Yodh AG, Busch TM. Blood Flow Measurements Enable Optimization of Light Delivery for Personalized Photodynamic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1584. [PMID: 32549354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluence rate is an effector of photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcome. Lower light fluence rates can conserve tumor perfusion during some illumination protocols for PDT, but then treatment times are proportionally longer to deliver equivalent fluence. Likewise, higher fluence rates can shorten treatment time but may compromise treatment efficacy by inducing blood flow stasis during illumination. We developed blood-flow-informed PDT (BFI-PDT) to balance these effects. BFI-PDT uses real-time noninvasive monitoring of tumor blood flow to inform selection of irradiance, i.e., incident fluence rate, on the treated surface. BFI-PDT thus aims to conserve tumor perfusion during PDT while minimizing treatment time. Pre-clinical studies in murine tumors of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) and a mesothelioma cell line (AB12) show that BFI-PDT preserves tumor blood flow during illumination better than standard PDT with continuous light delivery at high irradiance. Compared to standard high irradiance PDT, BFI-PDT maintains better tumor oxygenation during illumination and increases direct tumor cell kill in a manner consistent with known oxygen dependencies in PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. BFI-PDT promotes vascular shutdown after PDT, thereby depriving remaining tumor cells of oxygen and nutrients. Collectively, these benefits of BFI-PDT produce a significantly better therapeutic outcome than standard high irradiance PDT. Moreover, BFI-PDT requires ~40% less time on average to achieve outcomes that are modestly better than those with standard low irradiance treatment. This contribution introduces BFI-PDT as a platform for personalized light delivery in PDT, documents the design of a clinically-relevant instrument, and establishes the benefits of BFI-PDT with respect to treatment outcome and duration.
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Torres Filho IP, Barraza D, Hildreth K, Williams C, Dubick MA. Cremaster muscle perfusion, oxygenation, and heterogeneity revealed by a new automated acquisition system in a rodent model of prolonged hemorrhagic shock. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1548-1561. [PMID: 31670599 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00570.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Local blood flow/oxygen partial pressure (Po2) distributions and flow-Po2 relationships are physiologically relevant. They affect the pathophysiology and treatment of conditions like hemorrhagic shock (HS), but direct noninvasive measures of flow, Po2, and their heterogeneity during prolonged HS are infrequently presented. To fill this void, we report the first quantitative evaluation of flow-Po2 relationships and heterogeneities in normovolemia and during several hours of HS using noninvasive, unbiased, automated acquisition. Anesthetized rats were subjected to tracheostomy, arterial/venous catheterizations, cremaster muscle exteriorization, hemorrhage (40% total blood volume), and laparotomy. Control animals equally instrumented were not subjected to hemorrhage/laparotomy. Every 0.5 h for 4.5 h, noninvasive laser speckle contrast imaging and phosphorescence quenching were employed for nearly 7,000 flow/Po2 measurements in muscles from eight animals, using an automated system. Precise alignment of 16 muscle areas allowed overlapping between flow and oxygenation measurements to evaluate spatial heterogeneity, and repeated measurements were used to estimate temporal heterogeneity. Systemic physiological parameters and blood chemistry were simultaneously assessed by blood samplings replaced with crystalloids. Hemodilution was associated with local hypoxia, but increased flow prevented major oxygen delivery decline. Adding laparotomy and prolonged HS resulted in hypoxia, ischemia, decreased tissue oxygen delivery, and logarithmic flow/Po2 relationships in most regions. Flow and Po2 spatial heterogeneities were higher than their respective temporal heterogeneities, although this did not change significantly over the studied period. This quantitative framework establishes a basis for evaluating therapies aimed at restoring muscle homeostasis, positively impacting outcomes of civilian and military trauma/HS victims.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on flow-Po2 relationships during normovolemia, hemodilution, and prolonged hemorrhagic shock using noninvasive methods in multiple skeletal muscle areas of monitored animals. Automated flow/Po2 measurements revealed temporal/spatial heterogeneities, hypoxia, ischemia, and decreased tissue oxygen delivery after trauma/severe hemorrhage. Hemodilution was associated with local hypoxia, but hyperemia prevented a major decline in oxygen delivery. This framework provides a quantitative basis for testing therapeutics that positively impacts muscle homeostasis and outcomes of trauma/hemorrhagic shock victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Torres Filho
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - David Barraza
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Kim Hildreth
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Charnae Williams
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Dubick
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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8
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Schilling K, El Khatib M, Plunkett S, Xue J, Xia Y, Vinogradov SA, Brown E, Zhang X. Electrospun Fiber Mesh for High-Resolution Measurements of Oxygen Tension in Cranial Bone Defect Repair. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33548-33558. [PMID: 31436082 PMCID: PMC6916729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue oxygenation is one of the key determining factors in bone repair and bone tissue engineering. Adequate tissue oxygenation is essential for survival and differentiation of the bone-forming cells and ultimately the success of bone tissue regeneration. Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) has been successfully applied in the past to image oxygen distributions in tissue with high spatial resolution. However, delivery of phosphorescent probes into avascular compartments, such as those formed during early bone defect healing, poses significant problems. Here, we report a multifunctional oxygen-reporting fibrous matrix fabricated through encapsulation of a hydrophilic oxygen-sensitive, two-photon excitable phosphorescent probe, PtP-C343, in the core of fibers during coaxial electrospinning. The oxygen-sensitive fibers support bone marrow stromal cell growth and differentiation and at the same time enable real-time high-resolution probing of partial pressures of oxygen via 2PLM. The hydrophilicity of the probe facilitates its gradual release into the nearby microenvironment, allowing fibers to act as a vehicle for probe delivery into the healing tissue. In conjunction with a cranial defect window chamber model, which permits simultaneous imaging of the bone and neovasculature in vivo via two-photon laser scanning microscopy, the oxygen-reporting fibers provide a useful tool for minimally invasive, high-resolution, real-time 3D mapping of tissue oxygenation during bone defect healing, facilitating studies aimed at understanding the healing process and advancing design of tissue-engineered constructs for enhanced bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schilling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 146421, USA
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shane Plunkett
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding authors contact information: Xinping Zhang, The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Edward Brown, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Goergen Hall Box 270168Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Sergei A. Vinogradov, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104,
| | - Edward Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
- Corresponding authors contact information: Xinping Zhang, The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Edward Brown, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Goergen Hall Box 270168Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Sergei A. Vinogradov, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104,
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 146421, USA
- Corresponding authors contact information: Xinping Zhang, The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Edward Brown, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Goergen Hall Box 270168Rochester, NY 14642, USA, ; Sergei A. Vinogradov, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104,
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Şencan İ, Esipova TV, Yaseen MA, Fu B, Boas DA, Vinogradov SA, Shahidi M, Sakadžić S. Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy of retinal capillary plexus oxygenation in mice. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30516039 PMCID: PMC6278707 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.126501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Impaired oxygen delivery and/or consumption in the retinal tissue underlies the pathophysiology of many retinal diseases. However, the essential tools for measuring oxygen concentration in retinal capillaries and studying oxygen transport to retinal tissue are still lacking. We show that two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy can be used to map absolute partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) in the retinal capillary plexus. Measurements were performed at various retinal depths in anesthetized mice under systemic normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. We used a newly developed two-photon phosphorescent oxygen probe, based on a two-photon absorbing platinum tetraphthalimidoporphyrin, and commercially available optics without correction for optical aberrations of the eye. The transverse and axial distances within the tissue volume were calibrated using a model of the eye's optical system. We believe this is the first demonstration of in vivo depth-resolved imaging of pO2 in retinal capillaries. Application of this method has the potential to advance our understanding of oxygen delivery on the microvascular scale and help elucidate mechanisms underlying various retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- İkbal Şencan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tatiana V. Esipova
- University of Pennsylvania, Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Buyin Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mahnaz Shahidi
- University of Southern California, Departments of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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10
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Sullender CT, Mark AE, Clark TA, Esipova TV, Vinogradov SA, Jones TA, Dunn AK. Imaging of cortical oxygen tension and blood flow following targeted photothrombotic stroke. Neurophotonics 2018; 5:035003. [PMID: 30137881 PMCID: PMC6062776 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.3.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-modality imaging system combining laser speckle contrast imaging and oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence to simultaneously map cortical blood flow and oxygen tension ( pO 2 ) in mice. Phosphorescence signal localization is achieved through the use of a digital micromirror device (DMD) that allows for selective excitation of arbitrary regions of interest. By targeting both excitation maxima of the oxygen-sensitive Oxyphor PtG4, we are able to examine the effects of excitation wavelength on the measured phosphorescence lifetime. We demonstrate the ability to measure the differences in pO 2 between arteries and veins and large changes during a hyperoxic challenge. We dynamically monitor blood flow and pO 2 during DMD-targeted photothrombotic occlusion of an arteriole and highlight the presence of an ischemia-induced depolarization. Chronic tracking of the ischemic lesion over eight days revealed a rapid recovery, with the targeted vessel fully reperfusing and pO 2 returning to baseline values within five days. This system has broad applications for studying the acute and chronic pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and other vascular diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. Sullender
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew E. Mark
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Taylor A. Clark
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Tatiana V. Esipova
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Theresa A. Jones
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Austin, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
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11
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Arana C, Swanson B, Kuzyk SL. Probing under pressure: a look inside the compartmental haemodynamics of skeletal muscle during rest and contraction. J Physiol 2018; 596:2035-2036. [PMID: 29645273 DOI: 10.1113/jp276078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Arana
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Brittney Swanson
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Samantha L Kuzyk
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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Friedman ES, Bittinger K, Esipova TV, Hou L, Chau L, Jiang J, Mesaros C, Lund PJ, Liang X, FitzGerald GA, Goulian M, Lee D, Garcia BA, Blair IA, Vinogradov SA, Wu GD. Microbes vs. chemistry in the origin of the anaerobic gut lumen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115:4170-4175. [PMID: 29610310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718635115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The succession from aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria to obligate anaerobes in the infant gut along with the differences between the compositions of the mucosally adherent vs. luminal microbiota suggests that the gut microbes consume oxygen, which diffuses into the lumen from the intestinal tissue, maintaining the lumen in a deeply anaerobic state. Remarkably, measurements of luminal oxygen levels show nearly identical pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) profiles in conventional and germ-free mice, pointing to the existence of oxygen consumption mechanisms other than microbial respiration. In vitro experiments confirmed that the luminal contents of germ-free mice are able to chemically consume oxygen (e.g., via lipid oxidation reactions), although at rates significantly lower than those observed in the case of conventionally housed mice. For conventional mice, we also show that the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota adherent to the gut mucosa and in the lumen throughout the length of the gut correlates with oxygen levels. At the same time, an increase in the biomass of the gut microbiota provides an explanation for the reduction of luminal oxygen in the distal vs. proximal gut. These results demonstrate how oxygen from the mammalian host is used by the gut microbiota, while both the microbes and the oxidative chemical reactions regulate luminal oxygen levels, shaping the composition of the microbial community throughout different regions of the gut.
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Yamakoshi K, Yagishita K, Tsuchimochi H, Inagaki T, Shirai M, Poole DC, Kano Y. Microvascular oxygen partial pressure during hyperbaric oxygen in diabetic rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1512-20. [PMID: 26468263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00380.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is a major therapeutic treatment for ischemic ulcerations that perforate skin and underlying muscle in diabetic patients. These lesions do not heal effectively, in part, because of the hypoxic microvascular O2 partial pressures (PmvO2 ) resulting from diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, which alters the dynamic balance between O2 delivery (Q̇o2) and utilization (V̇o2) rates. We tested the hypothesis that HBO in diabetic muscle would exacerbate the hyperoxic PmvO2 dynamics due, in part, to a reduction or slowing of the cardiovascular, sympathetic nervous, and respiratory system responses to acute HBO exposure. Adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into diabetic (DIA: streptozotocin ip) and healthy (control) groups. A small animal hyperbaric chamber was pressurized with oxygen (100% O2) to 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) at 0.2 ATA/min. Phosphorescence quenching techniques were used to measure PmvO2 in tibialis anterior muscle of anesthetized rats during HBO. Lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured electrophysiologically. During the normobaric hyperoxia and HBO, DIA tibialis anterior PmvO2 increased faster (mean response time, CONT 78 ± 8, DIA 55 ± 8 s, P < 0.05) than CONT. Subsequently, PmvO2 remained elevated at similar levels in CONT and DIA muscles until normobaric normoxic recovery where the DIA PmvO2 retained its hyperoxic level longer than CONT. Sympathetic nervous system and cardiac and respiratory responses to HBO were slower in DIA vs. CONT. Specifically the mean response times for RR (CONT: 6 ± 1 s, DIA: 29 ± 4 s, P < 0.05), HR (CONT: 16 ± 1 s, DIA: 45 ± 5 s, P < 0.05), and LSNA (CONT: 140 ± 16 s, DIA: 247 ± 34 s, P < 0.05) were greater following HBO onset in DIA than CONT. HBO treatment increases tibialis anterior muscle PmvO2 more rapidly and for a longer duration in DIA than CONT, but not to a greater level. Whereas respiratory, cardiovascular, and LSNA responses to HBO are profoundly slowed in DIA, only the cardiovascular arm (via HR) may contribute to the muscle vascular incompetence and these faster PmvO2 kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamakoshi
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Hyperbaric Medical Center/Sports Medicine Clinical Center, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;
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Dmitriev RI, Borisov SM, Düssmann H, Sun S, Müller BJ, Prehn J, Baklaushev VP, Klimant I, Papkovsky DB. Versatile Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for High-Resolution O2 Imaging in Cells and 3D Tissue Models. ACS Nano 2015; 9:5275-88. [PMID: 25858428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High brightness, chemical and photostability, tunable characteristics, and spectral and surface properties are important attributes for nanoparticle probes designed for live cell imaging. We describe a class of nanoparticles for high-resolution imaging of O2 that consists of a substituted conjugated polymer (polyfluorene or poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole)) acting as a FRET antenna and a fluorescent reference with covalently bound phosphorescent metalloporphyrin (PtTFPP, PtTPTBPF). The nanoparticles prepared from such copolymers by precipitation method display stability, enhanced (>5-10 times) brightness under one- and two-photon excitation, compatibility with ratiometric and lifetime-based imaging modes, and low toxicity for cells. Their cell-staining properties can be modulated with positively and negatively charged groups grafted to the backbone. The "zwitter-ionic" nanoparticles show high cell-staining efficiency, while their cell entry mechanisms differ for the different 3D models. When injected in the bloodstream, the cationic and anionic nanoparticles show similar distribution in vivo. These features and tunable properties make the conjugated polymer based phosphorescent nanoparticles a versatile tool for quantitative O2 imaging with a broad range of cell and 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I Dmitriev
- †School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- §Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shiwen Sun
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Bernhard J Müller
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jochen Prehn
- §Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- ∥Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow 115682, Russia
- ⊥Federal Research Clinical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ingo Klimant
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- †School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Koren K, Dmitriev RI, Borisov SM, Papkovsky DB, Klimant I. Complexes of Ir(III)-octaethylporphyrin with peptides as probes for sensing cellular O2. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1184-90. [PMID: 22532338 PMCID: PMC3437475 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ir(III)-porphyrins are a relatively new group of phosphorescent dyes that have potential for oxygen sensing and labeling of biomolecules. The requirement of two axial ligands for the Ir(III) ion permits simple linkage of biomolecules by a one-step ligand-exchange reaction, for example, using precursor carbonyl chloride complexes and peptides containing histidine residue(s). Using this approach, we produced three complexes of Ir(III)-octaethylporphyrin with cell-penetrating (Ir1 and Ir2) and tumor-targeting (Ir3) peptides and studied their photophysical properties. All of the complexes were stable and possessed bright, long-decay (unquenched lifetimes exceeding 45 μs) phosphorescence at around 650 nm, with moderate sensitivity to oxygen. The Ir1 and Ir2 complexes showed positive staining of a number of mammalian cell types, thus demonstrating localization similar to endoplasmic reticulum and ATP- and temperature-independent intracellular accumulation (direct translocation mechanism). Their low photo- and cytotoxicity allows intracellular oxygen to be probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Koren
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Ast C, Schmälzlin E, Löhmannsröben HG, van Dongen JT. Optical oxygen micro- and nanosensors for plant applications. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:7015-32. [PMID: 22969334 PMCID: PMC3435963 DOI: 10.3390/s120607015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pioneered by Clark's microelectrode more than half a century ago, there has been substantial interest in developing new, miniaturized optical methods to detect molecular oxygen inside cells. While extensively used for animal tissue measurements, applications of intracellular optical oxygen biosensors are still scarce in plant science. A critical aspect is the strong autofluorescence of the green plant tissue that interferes with optical signals of commonly used oxygen probes. A recently developed dual-frequency phase modulation technique can overcome this limitation, offering new perspectives for plant research. This review gives an overview on the latest optical sensing techniques and methods based on phosphorescence quenching in diverse tissues and discusses the potential pitfalls for applications in plants. The most promising oxygen sensitive probes are reviewed plus different oxygen sensing structures ranging from micro-optodes to soluble nanoparticles. Moreover, the applicability of using heterologously expressed oxygen binding proteins and fluorescent proteins to determine changes in the cellular oxygen concentration are discussed as potential non-invasive cellular oxygen reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ast
- NanoPolyPhotonik, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; E-Mail:
- Energy Metabolism Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-0331-58187-546; Fax: +49-0331-568-3000
| | - Elmar Schmälzlin
- NanoPolyPhotonik, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröben
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Joost T. van Dongen
- Energy Metabolism Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; E-Mail:
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