Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018;
9:1284. [PMID:
30233623 PMCID:
PMC6129963 DOI:
10.3389/fpls.2018.01284]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to regulate the senescence of cut flowers. However, not much is known about the crosstalk between NO and Ca2+/CaM during the senescence of cut flowers. In this study, cut Oriental × Trumpet hybrid lily "Manissa" were used to investigate the roles and relationship between NO and Ca2+/CaM during postharvest freshness. The results show that the effects of CaCl2 or NO donor SNAP on the vase life, maximum flower diameter and hours until full opening were dose-dependent, with an optimum concentration of 20 mM CaCl2 or 100 μM SNAP. However, Ca2+ chelators EGTA or BAPTA/AM, Ca2+ channel inhibitors LaCl3 or nifedipine and CaM antagonists W-7 or TFP inhibited the promotion of SNAP. SNAP applied alone significantly increased the endogenous Ca2+/CaM contents in cut lily flowers, while EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7, and TFP decreased the advancement of SNAP. In addition, the SNAP-induced Ca2+-ATPase activity was more than twice as much as the control, but EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7, and TFP also reversed the enhancement. Moreover, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl3, nifedipine, W-7, and TFP prevented the SNAP-induced upregulation of gene expression of CaM, CBL1, and CBL3, which is associated with calcium signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that Ca2+/CaM may function as downstream molecules in NO-regulated senescence of cut flowers.
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