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McMahon E, Ferguson M, Wycherley T, Gunther A, Brimblecombe J. Development of a Tool for Reporting Key Dietary Indicators from Sales Data in Remote Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Stores. Nutrients 2024; 16:1058. [PMID: 38613091 PMCID: PMC11013159 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reporting key dietary indicators from sales data can help us guide store decision makers in developing effective store policy to support healthier customer purchases. We aimed to develop a web-based reporting tool of key dietary indicators from sales data to support health-promoting policy and practice in stores in geographically remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Tool development included identifying key dietary indicators (informed by sales data from 31 stores), community consultation (19 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander store directors and two store managers) and a web-build. Tool evaluation involved feedback interviews with stakeholders (25 store managers and two nutritionists). Key dietary indicators aligned with Australian Dietary Guideline food groupings and recommendations. An online portal for accessing and customising reports was built. Stakeholder feedback indicated that the strengths of the reports were the visuals, ease of interpretation, providing information that was not currently available and potential to increase capacity to support healthy food retailing. Difficulties were defining healthiness classification with alignment to other nutrition guidelines used and ensuring reports reached relevant store decision makers. This tool may be valuable to support store decision makers in identifying and prioritising nutrition issues and optimising the health-enabling attributes of stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McMahon
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia (A.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia (A.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Thomas Wycherley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anthony Gunther
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia (A.G.)
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia (A.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Allkanjari O, Menniti-Ippolito F, Ippoliti I, Di Giacomo S, Piccioni T, Vitalone A. A descriptive study of commercial herbal dietary supplements used for dyslipidemia- Sales data and suspected adverse reactions. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2583-2604. [PMID: 35524700 PMCID: PMC9321615 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal dietary supplements (HDS) used for dyslipidemia represent a category of concern in Italy for suspected adverse reactions (ARs). However, we cannot estimate their safety, as we do not know their commercial profile. Sales data of HDS, and particularly, those used for dyslipidemia, were monitored for 2 years in two pharmacies of Rome. Meanwhile, spontaneous reports of suspected ARs potentially related to dyslipidemia supplements were collected by the Italian Phytovigilance System. The 50% of the total dietary supplements are herbal-derived; the 9% of HDS are recommended for dyslipidemia. From our data, 113 different brands have claims for improving lipids profile and 91% of them are multiingredient preparations. Fifteen spontaneous reports of suspected ARs concerned HDS used, for dyslipidemia. The most frequent ARs were joint, abdominal, and muscles pain; vomiting; erythema and hematological disorders; nausea; and rhabdomyolysis. Our findings point out the limited compliance of commercial dyslipidemia-HDS and scientific research about their intrinsic safety. A wide range of ingredients could not support the risk/benefit profile of the supplement. The variable compositions of HDS do not assure the safety, as they do not support the reproducibility of their pharmacological activities. This study could contribute to optimize consumer guidance about what they purchase and consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olta Allkanjari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Shortt NK, Tunstall H, Mitchell R, Coombes E, Jones A, Reid G, Pearce J. Using point-of-sale data to examine tobacco pricing across neighbourhoods in Scotland. Tob Control 2021; 30:168-176. [PMID: 32193214 PMCID: PMC7907555 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the geographical variation in tobacco price (cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco) in convenience stores across Scotland and how this relates to neighbourhood income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status. METHODS Tobacco price data from 124 566 shopping baskets purchased in 274 convenience stores during 1 week in April 2018 were obtained through an electronic point-of-sale system. These data were combined with neighbourhood-level measures of income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status. We examined brand price for 12 of the most popular cigarette brands and 3 RYO brands and variations in purchases by price segment; multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between area variables and tobacco price. RESULTS Most stores sold tobacco in all price segments. The lowest priced subvalue brands were the most popular in all neighbourhoods but were most dominant in shops in more deprived neighbourhoods. When total sales were assessed, overall purchase price varied significantly by neighbourhood income deprivation; packets of 20 cigarettes were 50 pence (5.6%) lower and RYO 34 pence (2.7%) lower among shops in the two highest income deprivation quintiles relative to the lowest. Analysis of individual brands showed that for 3 of the 12 cigarette brands considered, average prices were 12-17 pence lower in more deprived neighbourhoods with the most popular RYO brand 15 pence lower. There was limited evidence of a relationship with tobacco retail outlet density. CONCLUSION Across Scottish convenience stores, the purchase price of cigarettes and RYO was lower in more income-deprived neighbourhoods. The lower prices primarily reflect greater sales of cheap brands in these areas, rather than retailers reducing the prices of individual brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh K Shortt
- School of Geosciences, Univerity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helena Tunstall
- School of Geosciences, Univerity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andy Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jamie Pearce
- School of Geosciences, Univerity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Rebouillat P, Bonin S, Kestens Y, Chaput S, Drouin L, Mercille G. Fruit and Vegetable Purchases in Farmer's Market Stands: Analysing Survey and Sales Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010088. [PMID: 31877682 PMCID: PMC6981572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmers' market implementation holds promise for increasing access to healthy foods. Although rarely measured, purchase data constitute an intermediate outcome between food environment and actual consumption. In a study conducted with two seasonal Fruits and Vegetables (FV) stands in a disadvantaged area of Montréal (Canada), we analysed how accessibility, perception, and mobility-related factors were associated with FV purchase. This analysis uses a novel measure of FV purchasing practices based on sales data obtained from a mobile application. A 2016 survey collected information on markets' physical access, perceived access to FV in the neighbourhood, usual FV consumption and purchases. Multivariate models were used to analyse three purchasing practice indicators: number of FV portions, FV variety and expenditures. Average shoppers purchased 12 FV portions of three distinct varieties and spent 5$. Shoppers stopping at the market on their usual travel route spent less (p = 0.11), bought fewer portions (p = 0.03) and a lesser FV variety (p < 0.01). FV stands may complement FV dietary intake. Individuals for whom the market is on their usual travel route might make more frequent visits and, therefore, smaller purchases. The novel data collection method allowed analysis of multiple purchase variables, is precise and easy to apply at unconventional points of sales and could be transposed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rebouillat
- Institut de Santé Publique d’Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 850 St-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sarah Bonin
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 850 St-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Sarah Chaput
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 850 St-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Louis Drouin
- Direction régionale de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H2L 1M3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Mercille
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, 2450 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, 1301 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H2L 1M3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Zupanič N, Hribar M, Fidler Mis N, Pravst I. Free Sugar Content in Pre-Packaged Products: Does Voluntary Product Reformulation Work in Practice? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112577. [PMID: 31717724 PMCID: PMC6893660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed, pre-packaged foods are becoming a growing part of our diet, while displacing whole and minimally processed foods. This results in an increased intake of free sugar, salt, and saturated fats, that have a profoundly negative effect on health. We aimed to assess the trend in free sugar content in pre-packaged foods in Slovenia and evaluate the efficacy of industry self-regulations designed to combat the excess consumption of free sugar. A nation-wide data collection of the Slovenian food supply was performed in 2015 and repeated in 2017. In 2017, 54.5% of all products (n = 21,115) contained free sugars (median: 0.26 g free sugar/100 g). Soft drinks became the main free sugar source among pre-packaged goods (28% of all free sugar sold on the market) in place of chocolates and sweets, of which relative share decreased by 4.4%. In the categories with the highest free sugar share, market-leading brands were often sweeter than the average free sugar value of the category. This indicates that changes in on-shelf availability towards a greater number of healthier, less sweet products are not necessarily reflected in healthier consumers’ choices. Relying solely on voluntary industrial commitments to reduce free sugar consumption will likely not be sufficient to considerably improve public health. While some further improvements might be expected over the longer term, voluntarily commitments are more successful in increasing the availability of healthier alternatives, rather than improving the nutritional composition of the market-leading products. Additional activities are, therefore, needed to stimulate reformulation of the existing market-leading foods and drinks, and to stimulate the consumption of healthier alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zupanič
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Maša Hribar
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Z.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-590-68871; Fax: +386-310-07981
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Pivk Kupirovič U, Miklavec K, Hribar M, Kušar A, Žmitek K, Pravst I. Nutrient Profiling Is Needed to Improve the Nutritional Quality of the Foods Labelled with Health-Related Claims. Nutrients 2019; 11:E287. [PMID: 30699918 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-related claims on food products influence consumers and their food preferences. None of the European countries have restricted the use of health claims to foods of high nutritional quality despite the regulatory background provided by the European Union in 2006. We evaluated the nutritional quality of foods labelled with claims available in the Slovenian market using two nutrient profile models—Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) and European World Health Organization Regional office for Europe model (WHOE)—and compared the results to the nutritional quality of all available foods. Data for prepacked foods in the Slovenian food supply were collected in 2015 on a representative sample (n = 6619) and supplemented with 12-month product sales data for more accurate assessments of the food supply. A considerable proportion of foods labelled with any type of health-related claim was found to have poor nutritional quality. About 68% of the foods labelled with health-related claims passed FSANZ criterion (75% when considering sales data) and 33% passed the WHOE model (56% when considering sales data). Our results highlight the need for stricter regulations for the use of health-related claims and to build upon available nutrient profiling knowledge to improve nutrition quality of foods labeled with health-related claims.
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Nevalainen J, Erkkola M, Saarijärvi H, Näppilä T, Fogelholm M. Large-scale loyalty card data in health research. Digit Health 2018; 4:2055207618816898. [PMID: 30546912 PMCID: PMC6287323 DOI: 10.1177/2055207618816898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the characteristics of large-scale loyalty card data obtained in Finland, and to evaluate their potential and challenges in health research. Methods We contacted the holders of a certain loyalty card living in a specific region in Finland via email, and requested their electronic informed consent to obtain their basic background characteristics and grocery expenditure data from 2016 for health research purposes. Non-participation and the characteristics and expenditure of the participants were mainly analysed using summary statistics and figures. Results The data on expenditure came from 14,595 (5.6% of those contacted) consenting loyalty card holders. A total of 68.5% of the participants were women, with an average age of 46 years. Women and residents of Helsinki were more likely to participate. Both young and old participants were underrepresented in the sample. We observed that annual expenditure represented roughly two-thirds of the nationally estimated annual averages. Customers and personnel differed in their characteristics and expenditure, but not so much in their most frequently bought items. Conclusions Loyalty card data from a major retailer enabled us to reach a large, heterogeneous sample with fewer resources than conventional surveys of the same magnitude. The potential of the data was great because of their size, coverage, objectivity, and long periods of dynamic data collection, which enables timely investigations. The challenges included bias due to non-participation, purchases in other stores, the level of detail in product grouping, and the knowledge gaps in what is being consumed and by whom. Loyalty card data are an underutilised resource in research, and could be used not only in retailers’ activities, but also for societal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Nevalainen
- Health Sciences/Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Saarijärvi
- Business Studies/Faculty of Management, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Turkka Näppilä
- Health Sciences/Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zupanič N, Miklavec K, Kušar A, Žmitek K, Fidler Mis N, Pravst I. Total and Free Sugar Content of Pre-Packaged Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Slovenia. Nutrients 2018; 10:E151. [PMID: 29385691 PMCID: PMC5852727 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence of the association between free sugar consumption and several adverse health effects has led many public health institutions to take measures to limit the intake of added or free sugar. Monitoring the efficiency of such policies and the amount of free sugar consumed requires precise knowledge of free sugar content in different food products. To meet this need, our cross-sectional study aimed at assessing free sugar content for 10,674 pre-packaged food items available from major Slovenian food stores during data collection in 2015. Together, 52.6% of all analyzed products contained free sugar, which accounted for an average of 57.5% of the total sugar content. Food categories with the highest median free sugar content were: honey and syrups (78.0 g/100 g), jellies (62.9 g/100 g), chocolate and sweets (44.6 g/100 g), jam and spreads (35.9 g/100 g), and cereal bars (23.8 g/100 g). Using year-round sales data provided by the retailers, the data showed that chocolate, sweets, and soft drinks alone accounted for more than 50% of all free sugar sold on the Slovenian market. The results of this study can be used to prepare more targeted interventions and efficient dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zupanič
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Krista Miklavec
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Anita Kušar
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- VIST-Higher School of Applied Sciences, Gerbičeva cesta 51a, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška cesta 40, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Williams
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caleb Banta-Green
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Burgard
- Chemistry Department, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Minaker LM, Lynch M, Cook BE, Mah CL. Exploring sales data during a healthy corner store intervention in Toronto: the Food Retail Environments Shaping Health (FRESH) project. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2017; 37:342-349. [PMID: 29043761 PMCID: PMC5674765 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population health interventions in the retail food environment, such as corner store interventions, aim to influence the kind of cues consumers receive so that they are more often directed toward healthier options. Research that addresses financial aspects of retail interventions, particularly using outcome measures such as store sales that are central to retail decision making, is limited. This study explored store sales over time and across product categories during a healthy corner store intervention in a lowincome neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario. METHODS Sales data (from August 2014 to April 2015) were aggregated by product category and by day. We used Microsoft Excel pivot tables to summarize and visually present sales data. We conducted t-tests to examine differences in product category sales by "peak" versus "nonpeak" sales days. RESULTS Overall store sales peaked on the days at the end of each month, aligned with the issuing of social assistance payments. Revenue spikes on peak sales days were driven predominantly by transit pass sales. On peak sales days, mean sales of nonnutritious snacks and cigarettes were marginally higher than on other days of the month. Finally, creative strategies to increase sales of fresh vegetables and fruits seemed to substantially increase revenue from these product categories. CONCLUSION Store sales data is an important store-level metric of food environment intervention success. Furthermore, data-driven decision making by retailers can be important for tailoring interventions. Future interventions and research should consider partnerships and additional success metrics for retail food environment interventions in diverse Canadian contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia M Minaker
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Lynch
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian E Cook
- Toronto Food Strategy, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine L Mah
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lenton
- Curtin University, National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Todd Subritzky
- Curtin University, National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia
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12
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Drewnowski A, Michels S, Leroy D. The Impact of Crunchy Wednesdays on Happy Meal Fruit Orders: Analysis of Sales Data in France, 2009-2013. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:236-240.e1. [PMID: 27843128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beginning in September, 2010, all McDonald's restaurants in France offered free fruit with every Happy Meal sold on the first Wednesday of the month. Sales data were used to determine the impact of free fruit promotion on the proportion of regular Happy Meal fruit desserts sold. METHODS Trend analyses examined the proportion of fruit desserts for 2009-2013. Analyses also compared fruit orders on Crunchy Wednesdays with other weekdays. RESULTS Happy Meal fruit desserts rose from 14.5% in 2010 to 18.0% in 2011 and to 19.4% in 2013 (P < .001). More Happy Meal fruit desserts were ordered on Crunchy Wednesdays compared with other weekdays (P < .001). Orders of cherry tomato sides and water as a beverage on Crunchy Wednesdays were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on sales transactions data across multiple years, this study provides evidence of the long-term effectiveness of menu promotions aimed at increasing children's consumption of vegetables and fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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