Moral sensitivity and caring behavior in nursing interns: the mediating role of empathy

Background

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between moral sensitivity, empathy, and caring behaviors and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on moral sensitivity and caring behaviors of nursing interns.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations.

Results

The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns (r = 0.376, p < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity (r = 0.336, p < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior (r = 0.394, p < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse-patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.

[Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and alteration of mitochondrial DNA copy number with female lung cancer risk among never smokers]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and alteration of relative mitochondrial DNA copy number of blood with female lung cancer risk among never smokers.

METHODS

From August 2017 to August 2021, we enrolled all physician diagnosed new cases(n=465) of non-smoking female lung cancer from 12 tertiary and above hospitals in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui and Qinghai provinces. And we selected matched non-smoking controls(n=463) by age and sex who were non-cancer and noncommunicable disease patients from the same hospital visited by the cases. Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and estimated by relative quantification. We performed random forest and logistic regression to analyze the association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number with the risk of female lung cancer among never smokers. We further analyzed the mediating effect and interaction models of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and mitochondrial DNA copy number levels on lung cancer in non-smoking women.

RESULTS

The M(P25, P75) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores for cases and controls were 0.05(0.13, 0.16) and 0.08(0.24, 0.13), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores of the cases was significantly higher than the controls(U=92130, P&lt;0.05). The M(P25, P75) of mitochondrial DNA copy number for cases and controls were 0.90(0.71, 1.14) and 1.00(0.79, 1.21), mitochondrial DNA copy number of the cases was significantly lower than the controls(U=122559, P&lt;0.05). Random forest and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women increased with the increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores(P_(trend)&lt;0.05) and the decrease of relative mitochondrial DNA copy number(P_(trend)&lt;0.05). The additive interaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and mitochondrial DNA copy number in non-smoking female lung cancer was statistically significant [API = 0.43(95%CI 0.19-0.67), SI = 2.84(95%CI 1.25-6.48). Mediation analysis showed mitochondrial DNA copy number had no significant mediating effect on the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure scores and lung cancer in non-smoking women(Za×Zb: 95%CI-0.044-0.055).

CONCLUSION

Minimize unnecessary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposures might significantly reduce the lung cancer risk among non-smoking women. Alteration of mitochondrial DNA copy number might become a potential biomarker in risk prediction of lung cancer of non-smoking women.

Mediating role of resilience between learning engagement and professional identity among nursing interns under COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

AIM

The aim of the study was to explore the mediating effect of resilience between learning engagement and professional identity of nursing interns.

DESIGN

A descriptive, cross-sectional study design.

METHODS

An online questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing interns in Fujian Medical University from February 2022 to April 2022 by convenience sampling. The scores of learning engagement, resilience and professional identity were evaluated. The PROCESS Marco in SPSS was used to analyse the mediating effect.

RESULTS

A total of 222 senior nursing students participated in the questionnaire survey. Both learning engagement (r = 0.491, p < 0.01) and resilience (r = 0.537, p < 0.01) correlated positively with PI. Resilience is also positively related to PI (r = 0.693, p < 0.01). Also resilience played a partial mediating role in the relationship between learning engagement and professional identity (a*b = b = 0.2451, 95% CI: 0.1543, 0.3581), and its effect accounted for 53.3%.

The influence of different physical exercise amounts on learning burnout in adolescents: The mediating effect of self-efficacy

Objective

To explore the effect of physical exercise on learning burnout in adolescents, and to reveal the mediating effect of self-efficacy between different physical exercise amounts and learning burnout.

Methods

A total of 610 adolescents from 5 primary and middle schools in Chongqing, China were investigated with the Physical Exercise Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Learning Burnout Scale (LBS). The SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical software were used to process and analyze the data.

Results

(1) The physical exercise amount in boys was significantly higher than that in girls, but there was no significant gender difference in self-efficacy and learning burnout. Meanwhile, the academic alienation and low sense of achievement of primary school students were significantly lower than that of junior high school students, and there was no significant difference in the physical exercise amount and self-efficacy. (2) The physical exercise amount in adolescents was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.41), negatively correlated with learning burnout (r = -0.46), and self-efficacy was negatively correlated with learning burnout (r = -0.45). (3) The physical exercise amount could directly and negatively predict the learning burnout of adolescents (β = -0.40), and self-efficacy played a partial mediating effect between the amount of physical exercise and learning burnout (ES = -0.19). (4) Self-efficacy had no significant mediating effect between low exercise amount and learning burnout, but had a significant partial mediating effect between moderate (ES = -0.15) and high exercise amount (ES = -0.22) and learning burnout, and the partial mediating effect between high exercise amount and learning burnout was the highest.

Conclusion

Physical exercise was an effective way to prevent or reduce learning burnout in adolescents. It can not only directly affect learning burnout, but also indirectly affect learning burnout through the mediating effect of self-efficacy. It should be pointed out that maintaining a sufficient amount of physical exercise is crucial to improving self-efficacy and reducing learning burnout.

Love Forgiveness and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Relationships

Love forgiveness is categorized as forgiveness in a specific relationship, which is the tendency of individuals to forgive the objects of their interpersonal relationships. We investigated 831 undergraduate students in China with a love forgiveness questionnaire, a subjective well-being questionnaire and an interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnostic, including demographic variables. Students of different genders and grades showed significant differences across the three questionnaires. There were significant correlations between love forgiveness, interpersonal relationships, and subjective well-being of Chinese college students. Interpersonal relationships played an intermediary role between love forgiveness and subjective well-being of Chinese college students. Specifically, whereas Chinese college students’ love forgiveness could directly promote the improvement of subjective well-being, love forgiveness could also indirectly improve subjective well-being through interpersonal relationships. The mediating effect of interpersonal relationships between love forgiveness and subjective well-being accounted for 40.52% of the total effect. This provides a new way of thinking for psychological counselors to approach the intimate relationship problems of college students.