1
|
Gadji M, Gueye YB, Motto D, Diop S. Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Family Replacement Donors and Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sub Saharan Africa. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024008. [PMID: 38223484 PMCID: PMC10786141 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction : According to WHO, regular, voluntary, unpaid blood donors are the safest group of donors, as they have the lowest prevalence of blood transmitted infections. However, family/replacement blood donors is widely used in sub Saharan Africa and this practice was exacerbated during the COVID 19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the seroprevalence of infectious markers in family replacement blood donors and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors during the COVID 19 pandemic in a country of sub Saharan Africa.
Materials and Methods
Blood donors received at the National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NBTC) of Dakar from August 1st to October 31th 2021, were included in this study. All donors completed a pre-donation questionnaire. Donors identity, epidemiological parameters, reasons for donation and laboratory results were collected in the Inlog® software of the NBTC. The serological tests for HBV, HIV and HCV were performed with chemiluminescence technology. The Rapid Plasma Reagent test was used to find out treponemal antibodies. The determination of ABO and Rh blood groups was performed using monoclonal antisera following classical hemagglutination test on a plate.
Results
A total of 5002 donors were collected during this COVID-19 pandemic period. Blood family/replacement donors represented 54.0% and new voluntary donors represented 52.6%. Comparison of HIV, HCV and syphilis markers seroprevalence showed no statistically significant difference between new voluntary donors and new family replacement donors (p>0.05). However, for HBV the seroprevalence was significantly higher in new family replacement donors (p=0,002).
Conclusion
The proper supply of blood was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic meanwhile replacement donations had contributed to limiting the damage observed with blood shortages. However, the significant differences noted on the seroprevalences of transfusion-transmissible infections between voluntary non-paid donors and family/replacement donors strengthens WHO recommendations for the selection of volunteer non-paid donors to lower transfusion-transmissible HBV in sub Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macoura Gadji
- National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NCBT) of Dakar, Senegal
- Service of Haematology & Oncology-Haematology (HBOH), Department of Biology and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology (FMPOS), University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - David Motto
- National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NCBT) of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saliou Diop
- National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NCBT) of Dakar, Senegal
- Service of Haematology, Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology (FMPOS), University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singogo E, Chagomerana M, Van Ryn C, M’bwana R, Likaka A, M’baya B, Puerto-Meredith S, Chipeta E, Mwapasa V, Muula A, Reilly C, Hosseinipour MC. Prevalence and incidence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Malawi: A population-level study. Transfus Med 2023; 33:483-496. [PMID: 37828838 PMCID: PMC11096640 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voluntary non-remunerated blood donors (VNRBDs) are essential to sustain national blood supplies. Expanding testing capacity for the major transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) is crucial to ensure safe blood products. Understanding trends in TTIs can inform prioritisation of resources. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort data analysis of routine blood donation data collected from VNRBDs by the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service from January 2015 to October 2021. Variables included age, occupation; and screening results of TTIs (HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and syphilis). We estimated both prevalence and incidence per person-year for each TTI using longitudinal and spatial logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 213 626 donors, 204 920 (95.8%) donors were included in the final analysis. Most donors (77.4%) were males, baseline median age was 19.9 (IQR 18.0, 24.1), 70.9% were students, and over 80.0% were single at first donation. Overall TTI prevalence among donors was 10.7%, with HBV having the highest prevalence (3.4%), followed by syphilis (3.3%), then HIV (2.4%) and HCV (2.4%). Incidence per 1000 person-years for syphilis was 20.1 (19.0, 21.3), HCV was 18.4 (17.3, 19.5), HBV was 13.7 (12.8, 14.7), and HIV was 11.4 (10.6, 12.3). We noted geographical variations with the northern region having lower rates of both prevalence and incidence compared to central and southern regions. CONCLUSION The individual TTI prevalence and incidence rates from this study are consistent with Southern African regional estimates. By identifying geographical variations of TTI prevalence and incidence, these findings could potentially inform prioritisation of blood collection efforts to optimise blood collection processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Collin Van Ryn
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Effie Chipeta
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Adamson Muula
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Cavan Reilly
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mina C. Hosseinipour
- UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jamal S, Mansoor N, Ali A, Nadeem A, Aijaz J, Meraj F. Degree of blood safety of voluntary non-remunerated versus replacement blood donations: A multi-centre study of the large cohort of blood donors from two provinces of Pakistan. Vox Sang 2023; 118:1078-1085. [PMID: 37850301 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Voluntary non-remunerated blood donors (VNRBDs) are recognized as being crucial for the safety and sustainability of national blood supplies. Systems based on replacement donors (RDs) pose high risks of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Currently, only 10%-13% of blood donations are voluntary in Pakistan. No large-scale studies have been conducted to objectively evaluate the impact of the mode of donation on the frequency of TTIs, a gap this study aimed to fill. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi. Data from a total of 591,820 blood donations were included from 1 October 2017 to 30 May 2021 and evaluated for type of donations and results of TTI testing, primarily performed on Architect i2000SR (Abbott). The TTIs tested include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and malaria. RESULTS A total of 477,938 (80.7%) RDs and 113,882 (19.3%) VNRBDs were screened. Among these, 53,590 (9.06%) were positive for TTIs. There were 10.2% positive RDs (10.08-10.25 95% confidence interval [CI]) while 4.4% in VNRBDs (4.29-4.53 95% CI). Co-infections were observed in 2367 (0.4%) RDs, while 159 (0.02%) in VNRBDs. Geographically, the highest frequency of TTIs was observed in semi-urban areas of Sindh (11.2%) and Punjab (9.6%). A site-wise comparison of TTIs in RD versus VNRBD showed significant differences (p-value 0.00). CONCLUSION RDs are associated with higher frequencies of TTIs, compared with VNRBD. However, the study was unable to assess whether the significant difference was related to individual risk or repeat/first time status of the donors. Other important variables affecting frequency are the catchment area of the blood donors in Pakistan. Urban areas have less prevalence than semi-urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jamal
- Pathology and Blood Transfusion Services, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Neelum Mansoor
- Department of Cytogenetics, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ali
- Blood Center, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nadeem
- Regional Blood Center, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Aijaz
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Meraj
- Department of Hematology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walana W, Vicar EK, Kuugbee ED, Dari I, Bichenlib G, Aneba CN, Hinneh KN, Yabasin IB, Issaka KN, Danso MO, Amoatey TN, Ziem JB. Transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Ghana: A 3-year multicentered health facility-based retrospective study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1681. [PMID: 37927541 PMCID: PMC10620378 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major health challenge particularly in developing countries. Here, we present a multicentered hospital-based retrospective study on the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors of TTIs in Ghana. Data on blood donors from four health facilities, namely Nkwanta South Municipal Hospital (Oti region), Weija-Gbawe Municipal Hospital (Greater Accra region), SDA Hospital (Northern region) and Wa Municipal Hospital (Upper West region) were extracted and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were applied to compare sociodemographic data with TTI status. A total of 6094 blood donors were included in this study, and 2% were females. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 21.0% (1232/5868). Specifically, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis was 6.6% (385/5868), 4.9% (286/5830), 2.9% (168/5867), and 6.8% (393/5739), respectively. Wa dominated in all the viral agents considered in this study, while the Oti region recorded the highest prevalence in T. pallidum. The odds of HBV infection was 3.1 (p = 0.008) among first-time donors, while that for HCV was 2.8 (p = 0.042). For rural dwellers, donors significantly had T. pallidum (p < 0.001; OR = 2.8), HCV (p < 0.001; OR = 2.9), and HIV (p = 0.028; OR = 1.5) infections. Generally, the recipients of transfused blood were predominantly pregnant mothers, followed by children and accident victims. This study has revealed significant disparities and relatively high prevalence of TTIs in Ghana, specifically HBV, HCV, HIV and T. pallidum infections. The variations suggest the presence of unique health challenges per study area, hence the need for a tailored intervention for each study site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Williams Walana
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Ezekiel K. Vicar
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologySchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Eugene D. Kuugbee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Medicine and DentistryNavrongoGhana
| | - Isaac Dari
- Community Health and Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Grace Bichenlib
- Community Health and Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Christian N. Aneba
- Community Health and Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Kwasi N. Hinneh
- Community Health and Preventive MedicineSchool of Medicine, University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Iddrisu B. Yabasin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Koray N. Issaka
- Department of Laboratory ServiceWa Municipal Hospital, Upper West RegionWaGhana
| | - Michael O. Danso
- Department of Laboratory ServiceWeija‐Gbawe Municipal Hospital, Greater Accra RegionAccraGhana
| | | | - Juventus B. Ziem
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Medicine and DentistryNavrongoGhana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Legese B, Shiferaw M, Tamir W, Eyayu T, Damtie S, Berhan A, Getie B, Abebaw A, Solomon Y. Association of ABO and Rhesus Blood Types with Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) Among Apparently Healthy Blood Donors at Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Bahir Dar, North West, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. J Blood Med 2022; 13:581-587. [PMID: 36238231 PMCID: PMC9552785 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s374851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides their clinical significance in blood transfusion medicine, ABO and Rh blood group antigens were found to be associated with many non-infectious and infectious diseases. This investigation aimed to assess the association of ABO and Rh blood group antigens with transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Methods and Materials A cross-sectional retrospective investigation was conducted on 27,027 blood donors at Bahir Dar blood bank, from March 24/2019 to October 21/2021. The blood sample was collected from each blood donor and tested for TTI markers (HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis), with ELISA, and ABO and Rh blood grouping was performed. Descriptive analysis was done for sociodemographic data, and a chi-square test was used to show the association between the ABO and Rh blood groups with TTI markers, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 27,027 study participants, 18,911 (70%) were males, with a mean age of 25.2 years, and 49.4% of the blood donors were students. The overall TTI prevalence was 5.43%, of which 2.8% was HBV, 1.5% was syphilis, 0.8% was HIV, and 0.3% was HCV. Blood group O (41.4%) was the most common blood group followed by, A (29.6%), B (23.6%), and AB (5.4%). Ninety-one point seven percent of the blood donors were Rh (D) positive. All TTI markers (HBV: p = 0.62, HIV: p = 0.77, HCV: p = 0.52, and syphilis: p = 0. 0.94) showed no significant association with ABO blood group. Rh blood type also showed no association with all TTI markers. Conclusion The prevalence of TTI markers was not significantly associated with ABO and Rh blood groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Biruk Legese, Email
| | - Mikru Shiferaw
- Bahir Dar Blood Bank Service, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Workineh Tamir
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir Eyayu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Shewaneh Damtie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Berhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Getie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aynework Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Kong X, Zhao G, Huang X, Yuan J, Li N, Zhang X, Luo K, Luan J, Fan X. Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients before Transfusion in Jinling Hospital Nanjing University: A Three-Year Retrospective Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:710. [PMID: 35745563 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and treponema pallidum (TP), must be detected before blood transfusion. However, few studies have been conducted on the prevalence and accuracy of positive results in hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the real seroprevalence of TTIs among patients before blood transfusion and analyze the characteristics of false-positive results in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, China. TTI results were collected from medical records and analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, we also used confirmatory assays to verify the accuracy of positive results. The overall prevalence of TTI was 8.96%, which was related to gender and age. The real positive rates were 86.67% (HBV), 35.09% (HCV), 20.75% (HIV), and 100% (TP). Our results also showed that high-speed centrifugation can reduce the false-positive rate of HBsAg. In summary, the results demonstrated that the positive rates of TTIs in hospitalized patients are higher than those in the general population. We also confirmed the existence of false-positive results in serological screening for TTIs. The method of processing specimens through high-speed centrifugation could reduce the false-positive results of detecting antigens effectively.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alzubiery TKA, Alhazari T, Alcantara JC, Majed SA, Bazaid AS, Aldarhami A. Updated Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Anti-Hepatitis Core Antibody Among Blood Donors in Yemen. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2787-2796. [PMID: 35668852 PMCID: PMC9166908 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common infectious pathogens worldwide. Various studies found a prevalence of HBV infection among blood donors ranging from 2% to 18%. Hence, this study aimed to provide an updated prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBcAb among blood donors. Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional study to investigate the donation records of blood donors in Sana’a, Yemen, over one year (January to December 2019). Eligible blood donors were included in the study. The serum samples of blood donors were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBcAb (IgG & IgM) using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) techniques. Results A total of 16,367 blood donors were recruited in this study, of whom 14,300 (87.4%) donated only once during this study (single, non-duplicated blood donors), while 2067 (12.6%) were repeated or duplicated. The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBcAb was 2.4% and 10.8%, respectively. Among single non-duplicated blood donors, HBsAg and Anti-HBcAb were 2.3% and 10.6% and 3.0% and 12.5% for repeated blood donors, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between HBsAg and Anti-HBcAb in terms of donor type and testing techniques. Conclusion The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBcAb among the blood donors was 2.0% and 10.3%, respectively. The ECL technique is more sensitive, has a lower error rate, and shows an advantage over the manual EIA technique. Duplicated blood donors influence the accuracy of the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBcAb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tawfique K A Alzubiery
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taiz University Al-Turbah Branch, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Talal Alhazari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Jerold C Alcantara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Majed
- National Blood Transfusion and Research Center, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Aldarhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akpa O, Babalola O, Odetunde A, Fagbamigbe A, Fasola F, Brown B, Alamukii N, Babalola C, Odaibo G, Falusi A. Correlates of transfusion transmissible infections among patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria: case-control study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:435-451. [PMID: 35285420 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the most frequent complications in individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). We investigated factors associated with TTIs in SCD patients and controls in South-west Nigeria. A total of 2,034 participants with or without SCD were recruited in a matched case-control study. HIV, HBV and HCV infections were diagnosed using commercialy available ELISA kits (Biorad, Paris). Samples positive for HIV ELISA were further confirmed using Western blot. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired/independent t-test and logistic regression at p = .05. Proportion with HBV was higher among those with multiple sexual partners (12.7%), tattoo/body incision (11.8%), and sharing of sharp objects (7.3%), but HIV was only higher among participants with history of tattoo/body incision (1.5%). Prevalence of TTIs was similar among participants with or without transfusion. History of sharing sharp objects (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 1.72; 95%CI:1.11-2.66) and tattoo/body incision (aOR = 1.89; 95%CI:1.22-2.94) almost doubled the risk of HBV. TTIs are endemic in the studied area. Certain lifestyles predispose people to TTIs than having blood transfusion. Population-based intervention targeting lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of TTIs in the study area.Abbrveviations AA: Hemoglobin AA; AC: Hemoglobin AC; aOR: adjusted Odds Ratios; AS: Hemoglobin AS; CHOP: Children Outpatient; CI: Confidence Interval; EDTA: Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid; GOP: General Outpatient; HBV: Hepatitis B Virus; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; IAMRAT: Advanced Medical Research & Training; IDU: Injection Drug Use; MOP: Medical Outpatient; SC: Hemoglobin SC; SCD: Sickle cell disease; SD: Standard Deviation; SF: Hemoglobin SF; SS: Hemoglobin SS; STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases; TTI: Transfusion transmissible infections; UCH: University College Hospital Ibadan; UI: University of Ibadan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyin Babalola
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluke Fasola
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Biobele Brown
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nanfizat Alamukii
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum Babalola
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Georgina Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Falusi
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Sickle Cell Hope Alive Foundation (SCHAF), Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ehsan H, Wahab A, Anwer F, Iftikhar R, Yousaf MN. Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients in Pakistan: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10070. [PMID: 32874814 PMCID: PMC7455379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia major (TM) is one of the most prevalent inherited hemoglobinopathies in Pakistan. It has one of the highest prevalence of transfusion-dependent TM patients globally, with an estimated greater than 100,000 active cases. Blood transfusions (BT) are essential in the management of severe TM; it is critical to have a safe BT to reduce the risk of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Frequent blood transfusions in these patients increase their risk of acquiring TTIs compared to the general population. We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies related to the TTIs and transfusion-related infections in Pakistan from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020. The search was conducted using PubMed and PakMediNet, with initial search retrieved 981 studies. Among these, 166 studies met the inclusion criteria, and only 14 studies met the final criteria for qualitative synthesis. Analysis of 14 studies (n = 3786) showed the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) of 3.13% (0.66% to 7.4%) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) of 26% (5.56% to 68.2%). There were only two studies that reported HIV seroprevalence of 0% and 0.5% (n = 6). The rate of seropositivity for HBV and HCV was directly related to the number of transfusions, higher ferritin levels, and older age groups. There was an increase in the HCV rate with the increasing age of patients. Thalassemia patients, who were older than ten years of age, had an HCV rate of 22% compared to only 8.4% in patients younger than ten years of age. A comparison of HCV in healthy donors vs. thalassemia patients showed a rate of 1.9% vs. 13.1% for TM patients. The majority of the patients were males (51% to 88%). The seroprevalence of TTIs was higher in males than in females (73.4% vs. 26.6%). On average, a single TM patient is exposed to at least 17 different donors annually, requiring 1-2 transfusions every month. Our study highlights that the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections, especially HCV, is alarmingly higher (26%) in the TM population than in the general population. There is limited data regarding the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and malaria in this population. This is mainly due to a fragmented system of blood transfusion, weak regulations, and lower rates of voluntary blood donations. These findings warrant better health measures to improve the blood donation system and specialized care for TM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ehsan
- Biomedical Sciences/Biohazardous Threat Agents & Emerging Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University, Washington, USA.,Internal Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ahsan Wahab
- Internal Medicine, Baptist Medical Center South, Montgomery, USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Raheel Iftikhar
- Hematology and Oncology, Armed Force Bone Marrow Transplant Center/National Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplant, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Muhammad N Yousaf
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA.,Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.,Internal Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, USA.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wamamba D, Onyango D, Oyugi E, Kanyina E, Obonyo M, Githuku J, Ransom J. Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Walk-In Blood Donors at Kisumu Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Kisumu County, Kenya, 2015. Lab Med 2018; 48:362-366. [PMID: 29036415 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are threats to blood safety. This study investigated TTIs among volunteer blood donors at the Kisumu Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (KRBTC) in Kenya. Methods We performed a retrospective record review of blood donor registers at KRBTC, 2015. Walk-in donors accepted for donation were analyzed to determine prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis. Descriptive and associative statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel and Open-Epi software. Results The records of a total of 3690 walk-in donors were reviewed, and 2046 were included in the analysis. Mean age was 30 ± 9.6 years, 76% male, 51% married, and 80% were Kisumu residents. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 2.4%, 3.1%, 2.3%, and 1%, respectively. Conclusions HBV was the most common TTI among the volunteers. KRBTC should be proactive and address issues of donor self-exclusion, strict adherence to donor selection criteria, and vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Wamamba
- Kisumu County Health Department, Kisumu, Kenya.,Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elvis Oyugi
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evalyne Kanyina
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Obonyo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane Githuku
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The attainment of blood transfusion safety in Nigeria (and probably the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa) remains an uphill task due to a number of factors, ranging from shortage of blood, poor implementation of blood transfusion guidelines, infrastructural deficits to high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs), particularly hepatitis and human immune deficiency viruses. We reviewed available data on blood transfusion practices and safety in Nigeria using the PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and African Index Medicus search engines, through a combination of word and phrases relevant to the subject. The World Health Organization has been in the forefront of efforts to establish safe, available, and affordable blood transfusion services in most parts of Africa through encouraging adequate blood donor recruitment, donor blood testing, and collection as well developing strategies for the rational use of blood. Even though modest improvement has been recorded, particularly with regards to donor blood screening for common TTIs, considerable efforts are needed in the form of robust public enlightenment campaigns (on blood donation) and continuous system improvement to drive the current transfusion practices in the country toward safety and self-sustenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Aneke
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chide E Okocha
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Giri PA, Deshpande JD, Phalke DB, Karle LB. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2014; 1:48-51. [PMID: 24479001 PMCID: PMC3893947 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.94452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is a life-saving measure in various medical and surgical emergencies. Transfusion medicine, apart from being important for the medical treatment of each patient, also has great public health importance. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in western Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS All voluntary donors reporting to the blood bank were screened for HBsAg, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HIV and Syphilis by using the appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIV infection was confirmed using a standard immunoblotting technique. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was tested for surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV by the immunechromatographic method. The Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory (VDRL) test was used for estimation of syphilis infection. The study was designed for a duration of two years between January 2009 to December 2010. Medical reports of the donors were accessed from the hospital records and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 5661 voluntary blood donors were screened, of which 5394 (95.28%) were males and 267 (4.72%) were females. The overall seroprevalence of HBV and HCV were 1.09% and 0.74% respectively; for HIV and syphilis the seroprevalence was estimated to be 0.07% for each. CONCLUSION Blood is still one of the main sources of transmission of infections. HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C viruses and syphilis are prevalent among voluntary donors in rural India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam A Giri
- Department of Community Medicine (PSM), Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayant D Deshpande
- Department of Community Medicine (PSM), Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak B Phalke
- Department of Community Medicine (PSM), Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laximan B Karle
- Department of Pathology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nwogoh B, Ikpomwen OD, Isoa EM. Donor blood procurement and the risk of transfusion transmissible viral infections in a tertiary health facility in South-South Nigeria. Niger Med J 2012; 52:227-9. [PMID: 22529503 PMCID: PMC3329090 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.93793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood and blood products are scarce commodities. The demand often outweighs the supply. This study is directed at investigating the blood procurement sources and the risk of viral transfusion transmissible infection. Materials and Methods: The records of the blood transfusion unit of a tertiary health facility in south-south Nigeria were studied. The procurement and screening records from 1 January to 31 December 2009 were analyzed. Results: 7,552 donor records were analyzed, 6,931 were commercial donor and 621 replacement donors. 891 commercial donors were infected, 500 (7.2%) were HIV positive, 323 (4.7%) HBV positive, 42 (0.6%) had HIV and HBV co-infection, while 28 (0.4%) were HCV positive. Twenty-three replacement donors were infected, 16 (2.6%) were HIV positive, 6 (1%) were HBV positive, while 1 (0.2%) were HCV positive. None of the replacement donors had co-infection. The risk of infection was significantly higher with commercial donor procurement (X2=45.07, P<0.001, OD=3.845). Conclusion: Commercial blood donors are still the major source of blood to the hospital and they also have the highest prevalence of transfusion transmissible viral infections in this region thus constitute a major risk transmitting infections to potential recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Nwogoh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|