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Alwis US, Delanghe J, Dossche L, Walle JV, Van Camp J, Monaghan TF, Roggeman S, Everaert K. Could Evening Dietary Protein Intake Play a Role in Nocturnal Polyuria? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082532. [PMID: 32764521 PMCID: PMC7464190 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea is the most abundant and the largest contributing factor for urine osmolality. Urinary urea excretion is highly interrelated with dietary protein intake. Accordingly, an increase of urinary urea excretion due to high protein diet may lead to urea-induced osmotic diuresis. This study aims to explore the association between nocturnal polyuria (NP) and urea. This is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study of subjects who completed a renal function profile between October 2011 and February 2015 (n = 170). Each subject underwent a 24 h urine collection, which included 8 urine samples collected at 3 h intervals. Urine volume, osmolality, creatinine, urea and sodium were determined. Urinary urea excretion was used to estimate dietary protein intake. Compared to the control group, subjects with NP exhibited significantly higher nighttime urea and sodium excretion. Estimated evening dietary protein intake was correspondingly significantly higher amongst the NP subgroup. Nighttime diuresis rate was positively associated with age and nighttime free water clearance, creatinine clearance, sodium excretion, and urea excretion in NP subjects. Therefore, increased nocturnal urinary urea excretion may reflect an additional important mediator of nocturia owing to excess nocturnal urine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upeksha S. Alwis
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lien Dossche
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.); (J.V.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.); (J.V.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Thomas F. Monaghan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Saskia Roggeman
- Research and Policy Department, Psychiatric Center Sint-Jan-Baptist, 9060 Zelzate, Belgium;
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Goodrich HR, Bayley M, Birgersson L, Davison WG, Johannsson OE, Kim AB, Le My P, Tinh TH, Thanh PN, Thanh HDT, Wood CM. Understanding the gastrointestinal physiology and responses to feeding in air-breathing Anabantiform fishes. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:986-1003. [PMID: 32060920 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mekong Delta is host to a large number of freshwater species, including a unique group of facultative air-breathing Anabantiforms. Of these, the striped snakehead (Channa striata), the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), the giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and the snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) are major contributors to aquaculture production in Vietnam. The gastrointestinal responses to feeding in these four species are detailed here. Relative intestinal length was lowest in the snakehead, indicating carnivory, and 5.5-fold greater in the snakeskin, indicating herbivory; climbing perch and giant gourami were intermediate, indicating omnivory. N-waste excretion (ammonia-N + urea-N) was greatest in the carnivorous snakehead and least in the herbivorous snakeskin, whereas the opposite trend was observed for net K+ excretion. Similarly, the more carnivorous species had a greater stomach acidity than the more herbivorous species. Measurements of acid-base flux to water indicated that the greatest postprandial alkaline tide occurred in the snakehead and a potential acidic tide in the snakeskin. Additional findings of interest were high levels of both PCO2 (up to 40 mmHg) and HCO3 - (up to 33 mM) in the intestinal chyme of all four of these air-breathing species. Using in vitro gut sac preparations of the climbing perch, it was shown that the intestinal net absorption of fluid, Na+ and HCO3 - was upregulated by feeding but not net Cl- uptake, glucose uptake or K+ secretion. Upregulated net absorption of HCO3 - suggests that the high chyme (HCO3 - ) does not result from secretion by the intestinal epithelium. The possibility of ventilatory control of PCO2 to regulate postprandial acid-base balance in these air-breathing fish is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R Goodrich
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Mark Bayley
- Department of Bioscience, Zoophysiology Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - William G Davison
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Ora E Johannsson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne B Kim
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Phuong Le My
- Department of Agriculture, Bac Lieu University, Bac Lieu, Vietnam
| | - Tran H Tinh
- Aquaculture and Fisheries, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Phuong N Thanh
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Cần Thơ, Vietnam
| | - Huong Do Thi Thanh
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Cần Thơ, Vietnam
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Livingston MD, Bhargav VV, Turko AJ, Wilson JM, Wright PA. Widespread use of emersion and cutaneous ammonia excretion in Aplocheiloid killifishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1496. [PMID: 30111602 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of land required amphibious fishes to evolve new strategies to avoid toxic ammonia accumulation in the absence of water flow over the gills. We investigated amphibious behaviour and nitrogen excretion strategies in six phylogenetically diverse Aplocheiloid killifishes (Anablepsoides hartii, Cynodonichthys hildebrandi, Rivulus cylindraceus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, Fundulopanchax gardneri, and Aplocheilus lineatus) in order to determine if a common strategy evolved. All species voluntarily emersed (left water) over several days, and also in response to environmental stressors (low O2, high temperature). All species were ammoniotelic in water and released gaseous ammonia (NH3 volatilization) during air exposure as the primary route for nitrogen excretion. Metabolic depression, urea synthesis, and/or ammonia accumulation during air exposure were not common strategies used by these species. Immunostaining revealed the presence of ammonia-transporting Rhesus proteins (Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) in the skin of all six species, indicating a shared mechanism for ammonia volatilization. We also found Rhcg in the skin of several other fully aquatic fishes, implying that cutaneous ammonia excretion is not exclusive to amphibious fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate that similar nitrogen excretion strategies while out of water were used by all killifish species tested; possibly the result of shared ancestral amphibious traits, phenotypic convergence, or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Livingston
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Vikram V Bhargav
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada N2 L 3C5
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Chng YR, Ong JLY, Ching B, Chen XL, Hiong KC, Wong WP, Chew SF, Lam SH, Ip YK. Aestivation Induces Changes in the mRNA Expression Levels and Protein Abundance of Two Isoforms of Urea Transporters in the Gills of the African Lungfish, Protopterus annectens. Front Physiol 2017; 8:71. [PMID: 28261105 PMCID: PMC5311045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, is ammonotelic in water despite being ureogenic. When it aestivates in mucus cocoon on land, ammonia is detoxified to urea. During the maintenance phase of aestivation, urea accumulates in the body, which is subsequently excreted upon arousal. Urea excretion involves urea transporters (UT/Ut). This study aimed to clone and sequence the ut isoforms from the gills of P. annectens, and to test the hypothesis that the mRNA and/or protein expression levels of ut/Ut isoforms could vary in the gills of P. annectens during the induction, maintenance, and arousal phases of aestivation. Two isoforms of ut, ut-a2a and ut-a2b, were obtained from the gills of P. annectens. ut-a2a consisted of 1227 bp and coded for 408 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 44.7 kDa, while ut-a2b consisted of 1392 bp and coded for 464 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 51.2 kDa. Ut-a2a and Ut-a2b of P. annectens had a closer phylogenetic relationship with Ut/UT of tetrapods than Ut of fishes. While the mRNA expression pattern of ut-a2a and ut-a2b across various tissues of P. annectens differed, the transcript levels of ut-a2a and ut-a2b in the gills were comparable, indicating that they might be equally important for branchial urea excretion during the initial arousal phase of aestivation. During the maintenance phase of aestivation, the transcript level of ut-a2a increased significantly, but the protein abundance of Ut-a2a remained unchanged in the gills of P. annectens. This could be an adaptive feature to prepare for an increase in the production of Ut-a2a upon arousal. Indeed, arousal led to a significant increase in the branchial Ut-a2a protein abundance. Although the transcript level of ut-a2b remained unchanged, there were significant increases in the protein abundance of Ut-a2b in the gills of P. annectens throughout the three phases of aestivation. The increase in the protein abundance of Ut-a2b during the maintenance phase could also be an adaptive feature to prepare for efficient urea excretion when water becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- You R. Chng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine L. Y. Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Biyun Ching
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu L. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Kum C. Hiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Wai P. Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Shit F. Chew
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Siew H. Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen K. Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Xu J, Li JT, Jiang Y, Peng W, Yao Z, Chen B, Jiang L, Feng J, Ji P, Liu G, Liu Z, Tai R, Dong C, Sun X, Zhao ZX, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang J, Sun X, Xu P. Genomic Basis of Adaptive Evolution: The Survival of Amur Ide (Leuciscus waleckii) in an Extremely Alkaline Environment. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 34:145-159. [PMID: 28007977 PMCID: PMC5854124 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) is a cyprinid fish that is widely distributed in Northeast Asia. The Lake Dali Nur population inhabits one of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth, with an alkalinity up to 50 mmol/L (pH 9.6), thus providing an exceptional model with which to characterize the mechanisms of genomic evolution underlying adaptation to extreme environments. Here, we developed the reference genome assembly for L. waleckii from Lake Dali Nur. Intriguingly, we identified unusual expanded long terminal repeats (LTRs) with higher nucleotide substitution rates than in many other teleosts, suggesting their more recent insertion into the L. waleckii genome. We also identified expansions in genes encoding egg coat proteins and natriuretic peptide receptors, possibly underlying the adaptation to extreme environmental stress. We further sequenced the genomes of 10 additional individuals from freshwater and 18 from Lake Dali Nur populations, and we detected a total of 7.6 million SNPs from both populations. In a genome scan and comparison of these two populations, we identified a set of genomic regions under selective sweeps that harbor genes involved in ion homoeostasis, acid-base regulation, unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species elimination, and urea excretion. Our findings provide comprehensive insight into the genomic mechanisms of teleost fish that underlie their adaptation to extreme alkaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong-Tang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanliang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhu Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zongli Yao
- Engineering Research Centre for Saline-alkaline Fisheries, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifeng Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Ruyu Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Xia Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Shangqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuhui Yang
- Dalinor National Nature Reserve, Keshiketeng, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China .,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Centre for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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6
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Zimmer AM, Wood CM. Physiological and molecular ontogeny of branchial and extra-branchial urea excretion in posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R305-12. [PMID: 26608657 PMCID: PMC4796753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00403.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All teleost fish produce ammonia as a metabolic waste product. In embryos, ammonia excretion is limited by the chorion, and fish must detoxify ammonia by synthesizing urea via the ornithine urea cycle (OUC). Although urea is produced by embryos and larvae, urea excretion (J(urea)) is typically low until yolk sac absorption, increasing thereafter. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and molecular characteristics of J(urea) by posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Following hatch, whole body urea concentration decreased over time, while J(urea) increased following yolk sac absorption. From 12 to 40 days posthatch (dph), extra-branchial routes of excretion accounted for the majority of J(urea), while the gills became the dominant site for J(urea) only after 55 dph. This represents the most delayed branchial ontogeny of any process studied to date. Urea transporter (UT) gene expression in the gills and skin increased over development, consistent with increases in branchial and extra-branchial J(urea). Following exposure to 25 mmol/l urea, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of exogenous urea was much greater at 55 dph than 12 dph, consistent with increased UT expression. Notably, UT gene expression in the gills of 55 dph larvae increased in response to high urea. In summary, there is a clear increase in urea transport capacity over posthatch development, despite a decrease in OUC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Zimmer
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Nawata CM, Blust R, Wood CM, De Boeck G. Modulation of Rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and Na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2917-30. [PMID: 23661781 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.084574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated relationships among branchial unidirectional Na(+) fluxes, ammonia excretion, urea excretion, plasma ammonia, plasma cortisol, and gill transporter expression and function in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (HEA). The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid Cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid Carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed chronically (12-168 h) to 1 mmol l(-1) ammonia (as NH4HCO3; pH 7.9). During HEA exposure, carp and goldfish elevated ammonia excretion (JAmm) and Na(+) influx rates ( ) while trout experienced higher plasma ammonia (TAmm) and were only able to restore control rates of JAmm and . All three species exhibited increases in Na(+) efflux rate ( ). At the molecular level, there was evidence for activation of a 'Na(+)/NH4(+) exchange metabolon' probably in response to elevated plasma cortisol and TAmm, though surprisingly, some compensatory responses preceded molecular responses in all three species. Expression of Rhbg, Rhcg (Rhcg-a and Rhcg-b), H(+)-ATPase (V-type, B-subunit) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) mRNA was upregulated in goldfish, Rhcg-a and NKA in carp, and Rhcg2, NHE-2 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger) and H(+)-ATPase in trout. Branchial H(+)-ATPase activity was elevated in goldfish and trout, and NKA activity in goldfish and carp, but NKA did not appear to function preferentially as a Na(+)/NH4(+)-ATPase in any species. Goldfish alone increased urea excretion rate during HEA, in concert with elevated urea transporter mRNA expression in gills. Overall, goldfish showed more effective compensatory responses towards HEA than carp, while trout were least effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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