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Klessing S, Peter AS, Fraedrich K, Wagner JT, Kummer M, Deutschmann J, Steininger P, Steibl HD, Überla K. Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in a Closed Cell Culture Device: Potential GMP Compatible Production Platform for Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidates under BSL-3 Conditions? Viruses 2023; 15. [PMID: 36851610 DOI: 10.3390/v15020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines present themselves as a promising approach for the induction of broad mucosal immunity. However, for initial safety assessment in clinical trials, virus production requires conditions meeting Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards while maintaining biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) requirements. Since facilities providing the necessary complex ventilation systems to meet both requirements are rare, we here describe a possibility to reproducibly propagate SARS-CoV-2 in the automated, closed cell culture device CliniMACS Prodigy® in a common BSL-3 laboratory. In this proof-of-concept study, we observed an approximately 300-fold amplification of SARS-CoV-2 under serum-free conditions with high lot-to-lot consistency in the infectious titers obtained. With the possibility to increase production capacity to up to 3000 doses per run, this study outlines a potential fast-track approach for the production of live-attenuated vaccine candidates based on highly pathogenic viruses under GMP-like conditions that may contribute to pandemic preparedness.
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Pal S, Islam N, Misra S. VIVID: In Vivo End-to-End Molecular Communication Model for COVID-19. IEEE Trans Mol Biol Multiscale Commun 2021; 7:142-152. [PMID: 35782712 PMCID: PMC8544951 DOI: 10.1109/tmbmc.2021.3071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to ongoing efforts for vaccine development, scientists are exploring novel approaches to provide innovative therapeutics, such as nanoparticle- and stem cell-based treatments. Thus, understanding the transmission and propagation dynamics of coronavirus inside the respiratory system has attracted researchers' attention. In this work, we model the transmission and propagation of coronavirus inside the respiratory tract, starting from the nasal area to alveoli using molecular communication theory. We performed experiments using COMSOL, a finite-element multiphysics simulation software, and Python-based simulations to analyze the end-to-end communication model in terms of path loss, delay, and gain. The analytical results show the correlation between the channel characteristics and pathophysiological properties of coronavirus. For the initial 50% of the maximum production rate of virus particles, the path loss increases more than 16 times than the remaining 50%. The delayed response of the immune system and increase in the absorption of virus particles inside the respiratory tract delay the arrival of virus particles at the alveoli. Furthermore, the results reveal that the virus load is more in case of asthmatic patients as compared to the normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Pal
- School of Nano-Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Nabiul Islam
- Telecommunications Software and Systems GroupWaterford Institute of Technology Waterford X91 WR86 Ireland
| | - Sudip Misra
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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Hommay G, Wiss L, Reinbold C, Chadoeuf J, Herrbach E. Spatial Distribution Patterns of Parthenolecanium corni (Hemiptera, Coccidae) and of the Ampelovirus GLRaV-1 and the Vitivirus GVA in a Commercial Vineyard. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121447. [PMID: 33339296 PMCID: PMC7766559 DOI: 10.3390/v12121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution patterns of the European fruit lecanium Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) and of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1) and grapevine virus A (GVA) were monitored from 2003 to 2015 in a Riesling vine plot in the northeast of France. Virus spread was compared between two periods: 2003-2008 and 2009-2014. The percentage of infected vines increased from 54 to 78% for GLRaV-1 and from 14 to 26% for GVA. The spatial distribution of viruses and of P. corni was analysed using permutation tests and revealed an aggregative pattern. Virus distribution was not associated with the density of P. corni population on grapevines. However, GLRaV-1 and GVA spread mainly from initially infected vines. New GLRaV-1 and GVA infections were more frequent on vines near primarily infected vines, first anisotropically along the row, then between neighbouring rows. Virus spread was similar to those described in literature with grapevine mealybug species. This slow vine-to-vine progression suggests that P. corni was responsible for the virus spread, in accordance with the low mobility and low transmission capacities of its local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Hommay
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), F-68000 Colmar, France; (C.R.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Louis Wiss
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), F-68000 Colmar, France; (C.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Catherine Reinbold
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), F-68000 Colmar, France; (C.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Joël Chadoeuf
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Biostatistique et Processus Spaciaux (BioSP), F-84914 Avignon, France;
| | - Etienne Herrbach
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin (SVQV), F-68000 Colmar, France; (C.R.); (E.H.)
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Hatayama K, Nosaka N, Yamada M, Yashiro M, Fujii Y, Tsukahara H, Liu K, Nishibori M, Matsukawa A, Morishima T. Combined effect of anti-high-mobility group box-1 monoclonal antibody and peramivir against influenza A virus-induced pneumonia in mice. J Med Virol 2018; 91:361-369. [PMID: 30281823 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality with severe acute lung injury due to the excessive inflammatory reaction, even with neuraminidase inhibitor use. The anti-inflammatory effect of anti-high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) against influenza pneumonia has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of anti-HMGB1 mAb and peramivir against pneumonia induced by influenza A (H1N1) virus in mice. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with H1N1 and treated with intramuscularly administered peramivir at 2 and 3 days post-infection (dpi). The anti-HMGB1 mAb or a control mAb was administered at 2, 3, and 4 dpi. Survival rates were assessed, and lung lavage and pathological analyses were conducted at 5 and 7 dpi. The combination of peramivir with the anti-HMGB1 mAb significantly improved survival rate whereas the anti-HMGB1 mAb alone did not affect virus proliferation in the lungs. This combination therapy also significantly ameliorated histopathological changes, neutrophil infiltration, and macrophage aggregation by inhibiting HMGB1, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Fluorescence immunostaining showed that the anti-HMGB1 mAb inhibited HMGB1 translocation from type I alveolar epithelial cells. In summary, combining anti-HMGB1 with conventional anti-influenza therapy might be useful against severe influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hatayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masato Yashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Morishima
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Langenmayer MC, Lülf-Averhoff AT, Adam-Neumair S, Sutter G, Volz A. Tracking Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara in the Chicken Embryo: In Vivo Tropism and Pathogenesis of Egg Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090452. [PMID: 30149505 PMCID: PMC6165063 DOI: 10.3390/v10090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated vaccinia virus serving as a promising vector vaccine platform to develop vaccines against infectious diseases. In contrast to the well-established replication deficiency and safety of MVA in mammals, much less is known about MVA infection in avian hosts. Here, we used a recombinant MVA expressing fluorescent reporter proteins under transcriptional control of specific viral early and late promoters to study in vivo tropism, distribution, and pathogenesis of MVA infections in embryonated chicken eggs. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs was inoculated with recombinant MVA, MVA or phosphate-buffered saline. The infection was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, and virus titration of embryonic tissues. After infection of the CAM, MVA spread to internal and external embryonic tissues with the liver as a major target organ. Macrophages and hematopoietic cells were identified as primary target cells of MVA infection and may be involved in virus spread. Increasing doses of MVA did not result in increased lesion severity or embryonic death. Despite MVA generalization to embryonic tissues, the CAM seems to be the major site of MVA replication. The absence of considerable organ lesions and MVA-associated mortality highlights an excellent safety profile of MVA in chicken hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Langenmayer
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Silvia Adam-Neumair
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Gerber PF, Hossain MF, Reynolds P, Hoang P, Burgess SK, Renz K, McMillan M, Katz ME, Walkden-Brown SW. Propagation of an Avirulent Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus Isolate in Chickens. Avian Dis 2018; 62:6-13. [PMID: 29620462 DOI: 10.1637/11762-102317-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of studies were undertaken to optimize the propagation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. A total of 562 SPF chickens were orally inoculated with an Australian avirulent HEV isolate of turkey origin at 9, 14, 21, or 28 days of age with 5, 6, 7, or 8 log 10 genomic copies (GC), while 102 chickens served as uninfected controls. No clinical signs were observed in infected chickens. There was an inoculum-dose-dependent increase in the relative spleen and liver weight ( P < 0.01). Relative spleen weight 7 days post-HEV inoculation was up to 85% higher in chickens that were inoculated with 6 to 7 GC compared with controls, with no further increase at higher doses. Relative liver weight increased up to 14% in chickens inoculated with 6 GC, with no further increase. Birds inoculated with a 7 GC dose had a higher frequency of HEV DNA-positive birds (77% to 86%) than birds inoculated with lower doses (33% to 59%; P < 0.01). The most efficient dose for live passage propagation was 7 GC inoculated in 9-to-14-day-old birds, yielding an infection rate of 81%. Livers and spleens from infected birds at all doses were processed to produce a putative vaccine with a final GC recovery in the vaccine material of 8.6 GC/bird. In summary, HEV of turkey origin can be readily propagated in SPF chickens, and conditions to maximize viral retrieval were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla F Gerber
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Mohammad F Hossain
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Paul Reynolds
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Phuong Hoang
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Susan K Burgess
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Katrin Renz
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Mary McMillan
- B Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Margaret E Katz
- B Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- A Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
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Abstract
Sephacryl S-1000 size-exclusion chromatography was used to purify turkey coronavirus (TCoV) from infected turkey embryo. TCoV was propagated in the 22-day-old turkey embryos. Intestines and intestinal contents of infected embryos were harvested and homogenized. After low speed centrifugation, the supernatant was concentrated by ultracentrifugation through a cushion of 30 or 60% sucrose solution, or by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The purification methods included sucrose gradient and Sephacryl S-1000 size-exclusion chromatography. Ultracentrifugation through a cushion of 60% sucrose solution was better than the other two methods for concentration of TCoV from intestinal homogenate. The most effective method for purifying TCoV and removing extraneous materials was size-exclusion chromatography as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. More spike-rich particles were observed in the sample purified by chromatography than those purified by sucrose gradient as examined by electron microscopy. Differentiation of turkey anti-TCoV antiserum from normal turkey serum was better achieved by ELISA plates coated with TCoV preparation purified by size-exclusion chromatography than that purified by sucrose density gradient. The results indicated that Sephacryl S-1000 chromatography was useful for purification of TCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T.L Lin
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-765-494-7927; fax: +1-765-494-9181
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