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Booth J, Erwin J, Burns L, Axford N, Horrell J, Wheat H, Witton R, Shawe J, Doughty J, Kaddour S, Boswell S, Devalia U, Nelder A, Paisi M. A Scoping Review of the Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviours and Interventions to Improve the Oral Health of Children and Young People in Care and Care Leavers. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38392242 PMCID: PMC10887692 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and young people (CYP) in care experience poorer physical health and overall wellbeing in comparison to their peers. Despite this, relatively little is known about what their oral health needs and behaviours are. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a global perspective on the oral health status and behaviours of CYP in care and care leavers. It also aimed to synthesise interventions that have been trialled in this population to improve oral health. METHODS Five databases were searched, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), SocINDEX (EBSCOhost) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost), alongside grey literature sources up to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were studies that (i) reported on children and adolescents aged 25 years or younger who are currently in formal/informal foster or residential care and care leavers, (ii) pertained to oral health profile, behaviours or oral health promotion interventions (iii) and were published in the English language. Thematic analysis was used to develop the domains for oral health behaviours and interventions. RESULTS Seventy-one papers were included. Most papers were published from very high or medium Human Development Index countries. CYP in care were found to experience high levels of decay, dental trauma, periodontal disease and poorer oral health-related quality of life. Oral health behaviours included limited oral health self-care behaviours and a lack of oral health-based knowledge. The trialled interventions involved oral health education, supervised brushing and treatment or preventative dental care. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review reveals that CYP in care experience poorer oral health in comparison to their peers. They are also less likely to carry out oral health self-care behaviours. This review highlights a scarcity of interventions to improve the oral health of this population and a paucity of evidence surrounding the oral health needs of care leavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Booth
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jo Erwin
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lorna Burns
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nick Axford
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jane Horrell
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Hannah Wheat
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Janine Doughty
- School of Dentistry, Royal Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Sarah Kaddour
- Pathway Oral Health Fellow, Pathway, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Skye Boswell
- Patient and Public Involvement Member, Plymouth County Council, Plymouth PL1 3BJ, UK
| | - Urshla Devalia
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Abigail Nelder
- Peninsula Dental Social Enterprise, Plymouth PL6 8BT, UK
| | - Martha Paisi
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Erwin J, Horrell J, Wheat H, Axford N, Burns L, Booth J, Witton R, Shawe J, Doughty J, Kaddour S, Boswell S, Devalia U, Nelder A, Paisi M. Access to Dental Care for Children and Young People in Care and Care Leavers: A Global Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38392241 PMCID: PMC10887801 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This scoping review aimed to explore three research questions: 1. What is the dental care access for children and young people (CYP) in care and care leavers? 2. What factors influence CYP in care and care leavers' access to dental care? 3. What pathways have been developed to improve access to oral health care for CYP in care and care leavers? METHODS Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, SocINDEX and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source) and grey literature sources were systematically searched. Articles relating to CYP in care or care leavers aged 0-25 years old, published up to January 2023 were included. Abstracts, posters and publications not in the English language were excluded. The data relating to dental care access were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The search identified 942 articles, of which 247 were excluded as duplicates. A review of the titles and abstracts yielded 149 studies. Thirty-eight were eligible for inclusion in the review: thirty-three peer-reviewed articles, one PhD thesis and four grey literature sources. All papers were published from very high or medium Human Development Index countries. The studies indicate that despite having higher treatment needs, CYP in care and care leavers experience greater difficulty in accessing dental services than those not care-experienced. Organisational, psycho-social and logistical factors influence their access to dental care. Their experience of dental care may be impacted by adverse childhood events. Pathways to dental care have been developed, but little is known of their impact on access. There are very few studies that include care leavers. The voices of care-experienced CYP are missing from dental access research. CONCLUSIONS care-experienced CYP are disadvantaged in their access to dental care, and there are significant barriers to their treatment needs being met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Erwin
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jane Horrell
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Hannah Wheat
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nick Axford
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lorna Burns
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Joelle Booth
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Peninsula Dental Social Enterprise, Plymouth PL6 8BT, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Janine Doughty
- School of Dentistry, Royal Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Sarah Kaddour
- Pathway Oral Health Fellow, Pathway, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Skye Boswell
- Patient and Public Involvement Member, Plymouth County Council, Plymouth PL1 3BJ, UK
| | - Urshla Devalia
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Abigail Nelder
- Peninsula Dental Social Enterprise, Plymouth PL6 8BT, UK
| | - Martha Paisi
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Patient and Public Involvement Member, Plymouth County Council, Plymouth PL1 3BJ, UK
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de la Rasilla P, Stamos I, Proietti P, Siragusa A. Closing the Loop: Enhancing Local Monitoring of Child Poverty to Leave No Child Behind. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:67. [PMID: 38255380 PMCID: PMC10813958 DOI: 10.3390/children11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Research on the Leave No One Behind principle of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the context of the Agenda 2030 is currently prevalent; however, research on monitoring child poverty at the sub-national (local) level is still limited. This paper addresses this gap by examining indicators developed for monitoring the phenomenon at different territorial levels (global, European, and national) and assessing their territorial transposition locally, using the city of Cadiz, Spain, as a case study. Interviews with local stakeholders reveal that despite the availability and access to related indicators and data, relevant actors must enhance their efforts to utilize such indicators effectively. Based on desktop research and qualitative analysis, the paper delivers recommendations for improving local monitoring of child poverty in Europe and inducing policy changes. This knowledge can inform targeted interventions, policy formulation, and resource allocation to tackle child poverty and promote equitable and inclusive societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraklis Stamos
- Territorial Development Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092 Seville, Spain;
| | - Paola Proietti
- Territorial Development Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Alice Siragusa
- Territorial Development Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092 Seville, Spain;
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Somerville A, Riley K, Lance A, McIntosh S, Collins T, Brereton N, Hyde K. Responding to rural children and their families seeking paediatric services-Can we do better? Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1139-1141. [PMID: 37326235 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Somerville
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Riley
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashlee Lance
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tania Collins
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Brereton
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Hyde
- St Anthony's Family Medical Practice, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Watkins J, Muhamedjonova N, Holding PA. Realising distributed leadership through measurement for change. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1155692. [PMID: 37588118 PMCID: PMC10427148 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Through a systematic reflection on the journey that transformed traditional state-run baby homes in Tajikistan from closed institutions into community-oriented Family and Child Support Centres (FCSC) we reveal key moments of change. This review describes how community consultation with local participants in a development project shifted responsibility and accountability from international to local ownership and how distributed leadership contributes to the decolonisation of social services. Based on these interviews we ask, 'How do the innovations of a social development project become a fixed part of normal local social, cultural and political life; and, how do we know when a new normal is self-sustaining at a local level?' This analysis builds on a network-mapping tool previously described in this journal. Our interviews show that each participant has taken a non-linear journey, building on the networks previously described, under the influence of activities and discussions that emerged throughout the project. We consider how a monitoring, evaluation, and learning process should be responsive over time to these influences, rather than be set at the start of the project. Using the themes that emerge from participants' journeys, we apply a 'measurement for change' (M4C) approach that integrates Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) into decision-making. The journey framework applied represents a systematic application of the M4C approach that gives us insight into where local ownership is responsible for the sustainable management of the intervention, and where continued partnership will further strengthen impact and accountability. The exercise has provided evidence of progress towards decolonisation and of the centring of local priorities in MEL and implementation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Penny A. Holding
- Adjunct Faculty, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
- Identitea, Nairobi, Kenya
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Rodríguez-Rabassa M, Torres-Marrero E, López P, Muniz-Rodriguez K, Borges-Rodríguez M, Appleton AA, Avilés-Santa L, Alvarado-Domenech LI. Stressors and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Hispanic Caregivers and Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1838. [PMID: 36767218 PMCID: PMC9914744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychological sequelae are important elements of the burden of disease among caregivers. Recognition of the impact of adversity and stress biomarkers is important to prevent mental health problems that affect rearing practices and child well-being. This cross-sectional study explored social determinants of health (SDoH)-mediated stressors during COVID-19 and risks for mental health problems among caregivers of children with prenatal Zika virus exposure. Twenty-five Hispanic caregivers completed surveys assessing SDoH vulnerabilities, COVID-exposures and impact, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and provided a hair sample for cortisol concentration (HCC). Most caregivers had low education, household income < $15,000/year, and were unemployed. Stressors included disrupted child education and specialized services, and food insecurity. While most reported PTSD symptomatology, multivariate linear regression models adjusted for the caregiver's age, education, and the child's sex, revealed that caregivers with high symptomatology had significantly lower HCC than those with low symptomatology and those with food insecurity had significantly higher HCC than participants without food insecurity. The impact of COVID-19 on daily life was characterized on average between worse and better, suggesting variability in susceptibility and coping mechanisms, with the most resilient identifying community support and spirituality resources. SDoH-mediators provide opportunities to prevent adverse mental health outcomes for caregivers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
- RCMI Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ponce Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Estefanía Torres-Marrero
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Pablo López
- RCMI Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | | | | | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Larissa Avilés-Santa
- Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Blvd. Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shah GH, Etheredge GD, Maluantesa L, Waterfield KC, Ikhile O, Engetele E, Mulenga A, Tabala A, Bossiky B. Socioeconomic status and other factors associated with HIV status among OVC in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Front Public Health 2022; 10:912787. [PMID: 36262234 PMCID: PMC9574395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.912787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are a high-risk group for HIV infection, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose This study aims to portray the socioeconomic profile of OVC and examine the association of household and parent/guardian characteristics with the HIV status of OVC. Methods For this quantitative retrospective study, we obtained data from ICAP/DRC for a total of 1,624 OVC from households enrolled for social, financial, and clinical services between January 2017 and April 2020 in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa. We computed descriptive statistics for OVC and their parents' or guardians' characteristics. We used the chi-square test to determine bivariate associations of the predictor variables with the dichotomous dependent variable, HIV positivity status. To analyze the association between these independent variables and the dichotomous dependent variable HIV status after controlling for other covariates, we performed firth's logistic regression. Results Of the OVC included in this study, 18% were orphans, and 10.9% were HIV+. The chi-square analysis showed that among parents/guardians that were HIV+, a significantly lower proportion of OVC (11.7%) were HIV+ rather than HIV- (26.3%). In contrast, for parents/guardians with HIV- status, 9.0% of OVC were HIV-negative, and 11.7% of OVC were OVC+. The firth's logistic regression also showed the adjusted odds of HIV+ status were significantly lower for OVC with parents/guardians having HIV+ status themselves (AOR, 0.335; 95% CI, 0.171-0.656) compared with HIV-negative parents/guardians. The adjusted odds of HIV+ status were significantly lower for OVC with a monthly household income of < $30 (AOR, 0.421; 95% CI, 0.202-0.877) compared with OVC with a monthly household income > $30. Conclusions Our results suggest that, with the exception of a few household and parent/guardian characteristics, the risk of HIV+ status is prevalent across all groups of OVC within this study, which is consistent with the existing body of evidence showing that OVC are in general vulnerable to HIV infection. With a notable proportion of children who are single or double orphans in DRC, HIV+ OVC constitute a high-risk group that merits customized HIV services. The findings of this study provide data-driven scientific evidence to guide such customization of HIV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar H. Shah
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Gulzar H. Shah
| | | | | | - Kristie C. Waterfield
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Osaremhen Ikhile
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Alice Tabala
- ICAP, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bernard Bossiky
- National Multisectoral HIV/AIDS program (PNMLS), HIV Program, Presidency of DRC, Kinshasa, Congo
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Bulat J, Gove A. Commentary: Vulnerable children-A global perspective. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:95-102. [PMID: 35523428 PMCID: PMC9790728 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss the global similarities in the intersections of poverty, disability, and learning, and share lessons that are being learned internationally that can inform U.S. domestic research and implementation. These lessons cover multiple aspects of learning and development, instructional materials and approaches, integration of social emotional and school climate considerations, and engagement of families and communities.
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Sivertsen N, Parry Y, Willis E, Kendall S, Marriott R, Bell A. Aboriginal children and family connections to primary health care whilst homeless and in high housing mobility: observations from a Nurse Practitioner-led service. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2022; 23:e16. [PMID: 35307050 DOI: 10.1017/S1463423621000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This article documents the impact of a Nurse Practitioner-led primary health service for disadvantaged children living in housing instability or homelessness. It identifies that First Nations children miss out on essential primary care, particularly immunisation, but have less severe health conditions than non-First Nations children living in housing insecurity. Background: Health services for homeless populations focus on the 11% of rough sleepers, little is done for the 22% of children in Australia living in housing instability; many of whom are from First Nations families. Little is known of the health status of these children or their connections to appropriate primary health care. Methods: This research implemented an innovative model of extended health care delivery, embedding a Nurse Practitioner in a homeless service to work with families providing health assessments and referrals, using clinically validated assessment tools. This article reports on proof of concept findings on the service that measured immunisation rates, developmental, medical, dental and mental health needs of children, particularly First Nations children, using a three-point severity level scale with Level 3 being the most severe and in need of immediate referral to a specialist medical service. Findings: Forty-three children were referred by the service to the Nurse Practitioner over a 6-month period, with nine identifying as First Nations children. Differences in severity levels between First Nations/non-First Nations children were Level 1, First Nations/non-First Nations 0/15%; Level 2, 10/17%; and Level 3, 45/29%. Forty-five percent of First Nations children had no health problems, as compared to 29% on non-First Nations children. Immunisation rates were low for both cohorts. No First Nations child was immunised and only 9% of the non-First Nations children. While numbers for both cohorts are too low for valid statistical analysis, the lower levels of severity for First Nations children suggest stronger extended family support and the positive impact of cultural norms of reciprocity.
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Jasem ZA, Lambrick D, Randall DC, Darlington AS. The social and physical environmental factors associated with the play of children living with life threatening/limiting conditions: A Q methodology study. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:336-346. [PMID: 34806192 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with a life threatening/limiting condition changes and challenges children's play. The environment is known to support participation in play, yet there is a lack of evidence highlighting its specific factors contributing to children's play. In this study, we investigated the perspectives of children living with life threatening/limiting conditions with regard to the environmental factors that are related to their engagement in play whilst receiving inpatient healthcare. METHODS Twenty-seven children took part in this study. Participants were aged between 5 and 11 years, diagnosed with life threatening/limiting conditions and were receiving care at either a children's hospital or hospice in either Kuwait or the United Kingdom. Children were asked to rank-order a Q set according to their perceived importance. The used Q set composed of social and physical environmental factors. The data were analysed using factor analysis and content analysis. FINDINGS Two shared viewpoints were identified, which represented children from both countries. For Factor 1, the children's need for social connectivity guided their answers regarding the environmental factors. For Factor 2, although children considered being surrounded by others important, their selections of the play conditions directed their play. For both factors, children had relatively little concern for outdoor and the type of play to engage in, with the exception of arts and crafts play activities, which were deemed important. CONCLUSIONS Play settings are important to support rich, social play experiences and opportunities that match children's play preferences. Children living with life threatening/limiting conditions in Kuwait and the United Kingdom have relatively similar play needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A Jasem
- Occupational Therapy Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Danielle Lambrick
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Duncan C Randall
- Department of Nursing Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Revet A, Kennedy CA. Editorial: Training & treatment in child mental health services (CAMHS): Novel and collaborative approaches. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:997647. [PMID: 36016978 PMCID: PMC9396274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.997647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Revet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP/UMR1295, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cheryl A Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Newark, NJ, United States
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Dallos R, Carder-Gilbert H, McKenzie R. Developing bonds: An exploration of the development of bonds between mentors and young people. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1214-1226. [PMID: 34392722 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211027567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article describes a piece of research exploring young people's experience of a mentoring service (PROMISE). The scheme has been developed to offer vulnerable young people a supportive relationship to assist their lives. This article explores the nature of the mentoring relationship, including how mentors and mentees view its development. Conjoint interviews were conducted which also permitted an analysis of the nature of the conversational processes between the pairs, including how they constructed shared meanings of the development of their relationship. This provided a window into the emotional dynamics of their mentoring relationships. Implications for similar mentoring programmes are discussed alongside wider implications for assisting this group of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Dallos
- Department of Psychology, 6633University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hassina Carder-Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, 62641University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Rebecca McKenzie
- Department of Psychology, 6633University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Exavery A, Charles J, Kuhlik E, Barankena A, Ally A, Mbwambo T, Kyaruzi C, Mubyazi GM, Kikoyo L, Jere E. Correlates of Uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Orphans and Vulnerable Children Aged 0-14 Years in Tanzania. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2020; 12:233-241. [PMID: 32765115 PMCID: PMC7367717 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s259074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2018, only 65% of Tanzanian children aged 0–14 years living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were on treatment, suggesting that challenges exist. This study explores factors associated with uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-positive orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Methods Data are from the USAID Kizazi Kipya project that aims to increase the uptake of HIV/AIDS and other health and social services by OVC and their caregivers. HIV-positive OVC aged 0–14 years who were enrolled in the project from January 2017 to September 2018 were analyzed. ART status (off ART or on ART) was the outcome variable. Multivariate analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression. Results Of the 10,047 HIV-positive OVC aged 0–14 years analyzed, 93.5% were currently on ART at enrollment. In the multivariate analysis, OVC with male caregivers were 4-times more likely than those with female caregivers to be on ART (OR=4.03, 95% CI=1.49–10.90). OVC with HIV-positive caregivers were 12-times more likely than those with HIV-negative caregivers to be on ART (OR=12.0, 95% CI=3.81–37.70). OVC with caregivers who did not disclose their HIV status were 74% less likely to be on ART than OVC of HIV-negative caregivers (OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.08–0.90). OVC living in urban areas were more than 5-times as likely as their rural counterparts to be on ART (OR=5.55, 95% CI=2.21–14.0). Conclusion The majority of the OVCLHIV in the current study were currently on ART (93.5%) at enrollment. However, uptake of ART by the OVC was dependent on factors external to themselves. Advancing ART uptake may require targeting OVC of female caregivers, OVC of HIV-negative caregivers, as well as OVC of caregivers of undisclosed HIV statu, and rural areas.
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Skinner D, Sharp C, Marais L, Serekoane M, Lenka M. A qualitative study on teachers' perceptions of their learners' mental health problems in a disadvantaged community in South Africa. Curationis 2019; 42:e1-e7. [PMID: 31793308 PMCID: PMC6890560 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of extensive poverty, violence and HIV has potential mental health impacts on children in Southern Africa. This article is nested in a broader study to evaluate the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) among Sotho speakers, and assess the mental health status of children made orphans by AIDS. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the mental health problems that the teachers perceive among learners in their classrooms, to understand what the teachers saw as causing these problems and to identify potential approaches to address these problems within the school setting. Method As part of the larger study, 10 teachers were purposively selected to write a report describing the mental health problems among learners in their class. These findings were discussed at two later meetings with a larger grouping of teachers to validate the findings and obtain additional input. Results The teachers were concerned about the emotional state of their pupils, especially in relation to depression, anxiety, substance abuse, scholastic problems and aggression. These problems were felt to arise from the children’s lived context; factors such as poverty, death of parents and caregivers from AIDS and trauma, parental substance abuse and child abuse. The teachers expressed a desire to assist the affected learners, but complained that they did not get support from the state services. Conclusion Many learners were evaluated by teachers as struggling with mental health issues, arising from their social context. The teachers felt that with support, schools could provide assistance to these learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Skinner
- Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; and, Social Aspects of Public Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town.
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Messent P. Test of time: 'Out of the mainstream - helping the children of parents with a mental illness'. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 24:712-716. [PMID: 30658536 DOI: 10.1177/1359104518822674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Janvier YM, Coffield CN, Harris JF, Mandell DS, Cidav Z. The Developmental Check-In: Development and initial testing of an autism screening tool targeting young children from underserved communities. Autism 2018; 23:689-698. [PMID: 29716386 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318770430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder from low-income, minority families or those with limited English proficiency are diagnosed at a later age, or not at all, compared with their more advantaged peers. The Developmental Check-In is a new tool that could potentially be used to screen for autism that uses pictures to illustrate target behaviors. It was developed to enhance early identification of autism spectrum disorder in low literacy groups. The Developmental Check-In was tested in a sample of 376 children between the ages of 24 and 60 months, from underserved communities. It showed good ability to discriminate autism spectrum disorder from non-autism spectrum disorder (area-under-the-curve = 0.75) across the full age range represented in the sample. Twenty-six of the 28 Developmental Check-In items predicted the presence of autism spectrum disorder. Findings suggest that this pictorial tool may reduce linguistic and health literacy demands when screening for autism among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill F Harris
- 3 Children's Specialized Hospital - Mountainside, USA
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Akulima M, Ikamati R, Mungai M, Samuel M, Ndirangu M, Muga R. Food banking for improved nutrition of HIV infected orphans and vulnerable children; emerging evidence from quality improvement teams in high food insecure regions of Kiambu, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25:4. [PMID: 28439329 PMCID: PMC5390061 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.2.9663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estimated 236,548 People Living with HIV (PLHIV) were in Central-Eastern Kenya in 2013. Kiambu County had 46,656 PLHIV with 42,400 (91%) adults and 4,200(9%) children (1-14yrs). Amref Health Africa in Kenya, supported through USAID-APHIAplus KAMILI project, initiated two food banks to respond to poor nutritional status of the HIV infected children. Quality Improvement Teams were used to facilitate food-banking initiatives. The study aimed at assessing and demonstrating roles of community food-banking in improving nutrition status of HIV-infected children in food insecure regions. Methods A pre and post-test study lasting 12 months (Oct 2013 to September 2014) conducted in Kiambu County, Kenya covering 103 HIV infected children. Two assessments were conducted before and after the food banking initiative and results compared. Child Status Index (CSI) and the Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tools were used in data collection at households. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon test were applied for analysing MUAC and CSI scores respectively using the SPSS. Results There was a significant improvement in the children’s nutrition status from a rating of ‘bad’ in CSI Median (IQR) score 2(2-1) before food banking to a rating of ‘fair’ in CSI Median (IQR) score 3(4-3) after food banking intervention (p=<0.001) while MUAC increased from Mean (SD) of 5.6(2.6) before intervention to 7.2(2.8) after food banking (p=<0.001). Conclusion Food banking is a community-based nutritional intervention that can address factors of food access, affordability and availability. Food banking is a sustainable way to contribute to quality nutrition and reduced related deaths among HIV infected children.
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Parry YK, Grant J, Burke L. A scoping study: children, policy and cultural shifts in homelessness services in South Australia: are children still falling through the gaps? Health Soc Care Community 2016; 24:e1-e10. [PMID: 26607690 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Homeless families are the fastest growing segment of the homelessness population. Homelessness services are often the first to know when children are at risk of disengagement with health, welfare and education services. Changes to Australian policy to explicitly attend to the needs of children are attempts to address the complexity of, and provide better outcomes for, homeless children. There are mounting levels of evidence describing some of the needs of children who are homeless. Using the scoping study methodological framework, this review of academic and grey literature identified the extent to which service providers provide for the needs of homeless children. The literature search was conducted from September 2012 to April 2013 using ProQuest, Science Direct, Sage and OVID databases. Therefore, the objectives of this scoping study were to: (i) identify the specific needs of children in homelessness; (ii) describe recent changes in policy relating to care for children in homelessness services; (iii) explore the evidence on how service providers can enact care for children in homelessness services; (iv) identify the types of practice changes that are needed to optimise outcomes for children; and (v) identify the gaps in service delivery. This article describes the Australian policy changes and explores the potential impact of subsequent sector reforms on the internal practices in front-line homelessness services, in order to overcome structural and systemic barriers, and promote opportunities for children in homeless families. This scoping study literature review contributes to the understanding of the impact of policy change on front-line staff and suggests possible practice changes and future research options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Karen Parry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing & Midwifery (SONM), Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian Grant
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing & Midwifery (SONM), Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynette Burke
- Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Taikurtinna Wiltarnendi Program, Family & Support Services, Uniting Care Wesley, Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little knowledge about the psychosocial distress of children affected by human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ghana, to aid the planning of services. This study investigated mental health problems among children affected by HIV/AIDS, compared with control groups of children orphaned by other causes, and non-orphans. METHOD The study employed a cross-sectional survey that interviewed 291 children and their caregivers. Both children and caregivers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire that measured children's psychosocial wellbeing. Verbal autopsy was used to identify whether children lost one or both parents from AIDS. RESULTS The results indicated that controlling for relevant sociodemographic factors, both children's self-reports and caregivers' reports indicate that both children living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children orphaned by AIDS were at heightened risk for mental health problems than both children orphaned by other causes and non-orphans. The findings further indicated that a significant proportion of orphaned and vulnerable children exhibited symptoms for depression and other psychiatric disorders (approximately 63%) compared with 7% among the non-orphaned group. Caregivers gave higher ratings for children on externalizing problems and lower on internalizing problems, and vice versa when the children's self-reports were analysed. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that both children and their informants have diverse yet complementary perspectives on psychological outcomes. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and urgently calls for necessary intervention programmes that target all children affected by HIV/AIDS to effectively alleviate psychological distress and enhance the mental health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Doku
- Department of Psychology,University of Ghana,Box LG 84, Legon, Accra,Ghana
| | - H Minnis
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Mental Health and Wellbeing,Glasgow G12 0XH,UK
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Eloff I, Finestone M, Makin JD, Boeving-Allen A, Visser M, Ebersöhn L, Ferreira R, Sikkema KJ, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Forsyth BW. A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to promote resilience in young children of HIV-positive mothers in South Africa. AIDS 2014; 28 Suppl 3:S347-57. [PMID: 24991908 PMCID: PMC4160802 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to promote resilience in young children living with their HIV-positive mothers. DESIGN/METHODS HIV-positive women attending clinics in Tshwane, South Africa, and their children, aged 6-10 years, were randomized to the intervention (I) or standard care (S). The intervention consisted of 24 weekly group sessions led by community care workers. Mothers and children were in separate groups for 14 sessions, followed by 10 interactive sessions. The primary focus was on parent-child communication and parenting. Assessments were completed by mothers and children at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months. Repeated mixed linear analyses were used to assess change over time. RESULTS Of 390 mother-child pairs, 84.6% (I: 161 and S: 169) completed at least two interviews and were included in the analyses. Children's mean age was 8.4 years and 42% of mothers had been ill in the prior 3 months. Attendance in groups was variable: only 45.7% attended more than 16 sessions. Intervention mothers reported significant improvements in children's externalizing behaviours (ß = -2.8, P = 0.002), communication (ß = 4.3, P = 0.025) and daily living skills (ß = 5.9, P = 0.024), although improvement in internalizing behaviours and socialization was not significant (P = 0.061 and 0.052, respectively). Intervention children reported a temporary increase in anxiety but did not report differences in depression or emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating benefits of an intervention designed to promote resilience among young children of HIV-positive mothers. The intervention was specifically designed for an African context and has the potential to benefit large numbers of children, if it can be widely implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Eloff
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jennifer D. Makin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alex Boeving-Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maretha Visser
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liesel Ebersöhn
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronél Ferreira
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kathleen J. Sikkema
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | | | - Brian W.C. Forsyth
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Embleton L, Ayuku D, Kamanda A, Atwoli L, Ayaya S, Vreeman R, Nyandiko W, Gisore P, Koech J, Braitstein P. Models of care for orphaned and separated children and upholding children's rights: cross-sectional evidence from western Kenya. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24685118 PMCID: PMC4021203 DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa is home to approximately 55 million orphaned children. The growing orphan crisis has overwhelmed many communities and has weakened the ability of extended families to meet traditional care-taking expectations. Other models of care and support have emerged in sub-Saharan Africa to address the growing orphan crisis, yet there is a lack of information on these models available in the literature. We applied a human rights framework using the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to understand what extent children's basic human rights were being upheld in institutional vs. community- or family-based care settings in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. METHODS The Orphaned and Separated Children's Assessments Related to their Health and Well-Being Project is a 5-year cohort of orphaned children and adolescents aged ≤18 year. This descriptive analysis was restricted to baseline data. Chi-Square test was used to test for associations between categorical /dichotomous variables. Fisher's exact test was also used if some cells had expected value of less than 5. RESULTS Included in this analysis are data from 300 households, 19 Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs) and 7 community-based organizations. In total, 2871 children were enrolled and had baseline assessments done: 1390 in CCI's and 1481 living in households in the community. We identified and described four broad models of care for orphaned and separated children, including: institutional care (sub-classified as 'Pure CCI' for those only providing residential care, 'CCI-Plus' for those providing both residential care and community-based supports to orphaned children , and 'CCI-Shelter' which are rescue, detention, or other short-term residential support), family-based care, community-based care and self-care. Children in institutional care (95%) were significantly (p < 0.0001) more likely to have their basic material needs met in comparison to those in family-based care (17%) and institutions were better able to provide an adequate standard of living. CONCLUSIONS Each model of care we identified has strengths and weaknesses. The orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa requires a diversity of care environments in order to meet the needs of children and uphold their rights. Family-based care plays an essential role; however, households require increased support to adequately care for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Embleton
- Department of Medicine, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - David Ayuku
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Lukoye Atwoli
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Samuel Ayaya
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rachel Vreeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Winstone Nyandiko
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Peter Gisore
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Julius Koech
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Paula Braitstein
- Department of Medicine, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200 Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Regenstrief Institute Inc., Indianapolis, USA
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Olowokere AE, Okanlawon FA. The effects of a school-based psychosocial intervention on resilience and health outcomes among vulnerable children. J Sch Nurs 2013; 30:206-15. [PMID: 23962976 DOI: 10.1177/1059840513501557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Responding to the psychosocial health needs of the vulnerable population has been considered as a significant public health issue that must be addressed through access to public health professionals. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of a training program on nurses and teachers' knowledge of psychosocial health needs of vulnerable children and the impact this had on children's resilience and psychosocial health outcomes (self-esteem, social connection, anxiety, and depression). The result showed a significant increase in the knowledge mean scores of both nurses and teachers 6 weeks post intervention. Children's depression scores significantly reduced post intervention. Their resilience, self-esteem, and social connection were also significantly improved, while no significant reduction was found in their anxiety scores. The results of the pilot study suggest that a more rigorous study be conducted to further ascertain the effectiveness of the various interventions used in this study while taking into consideration the challenges raised by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Olowokere
- 1Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Kimani-Murage EW, Holding PA, Fotso JC, Ezeh AC, Madise NJ, Kahurani EN, Zulu EM. Food security and nutritional outcomes among urban poor orphans in Nairobi, Kenya. J Urban Health 2011; 88 Suppl 2:S282-97. [PMID: 20945109 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-010-9491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study examines the relationship between orphanhood status and nutritional status and food security among children living in the rapidly growing and uniquely vulnerable slum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was conducted between January and June 2007 among children aged 6-14 years, living in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures and z scores generated using the NCHS/WHO reference. Data on food security were collected through separate interviews with children and their caregivers, and used to generate a composite food security score. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine factors related to vulnerability with regards to food security and nutritional outcomes. The results show that orphans were more vulnerable to food insecurity than non-orphans and that paternal orphans were the most vulnerable orphan group. However, these effects were not significant for nutritional status, which measures long-term food deficiencies. The results also show that the most vulnerable children are boys, those living in households with lowest socioeconomic status, with many dependants, and female-headed and headed by adults with low human capital (low education). This study provides useful insights to inform policies and practice to identify target groups and intervention programs to improve the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children living in urban poor communities.
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Hong Y, Li X, Fang X, Zhao G, Lin X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Zhang L. Perceived social support and psychosocial distress among children affected by AIDS in china. Community Ment Health J 2010; 46:33-43. [PMID: 19533349 PMCID: PMC8185877 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-009-9201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The psychosocial wellbeing of the children affected by Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) receives growing international attention. However, limited data in this area are available in China, which hosts an estimate of 100,000 AIDS-orphaned children. The study aims to examine the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and psychosocial wellbeing among children affected by AIDS. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,625 children (aged 6-18 years) in Henan Province, an area with a large number of HIV cases due to unhygienic commercial blood/plasma collection. Our sample included 296 double orphans (i.e., children who lost both parents to AIDS), 459 single orphans (children who lost one parent to AIDS), 466 vulnerable children (children living with HIV-infected parents) and 404 comparison children (children who did not experience HIV-related illness and death in family). Data suggest that vulnerable children reported the lowest level of PSS compared to AIDS orphans and comparison children. Level of PSS was significantly and positively associated with psychosocial wellbeing even after controlling for potential confounders. The study underscores the importance of providing social support and mental health services for children affected by AIDS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Tu X, Lv Y, Li X, Fang X, Zhao G, Lin X, Hong Y, Zhang L, Stanton B. School performance and school behavior of children affected by AIDS in China. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 2009; 4:199-209. [PMID: 20107622 PMCID: PMC2811335 DOI: 10.1080/17450120902814420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the AIDS epidemic will have a negative effect on the orphans' school education. However, few studies have been carried out to examine the school performance and school behavior of AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (children living with HIV-infected parents). Using both self-report and teacher evaluation data of 1625 children from rural central China, we examined the impact of parental HIV/AIDS on children's school performances (academic marks, educational expectation, and student leadership) and school behaviors (e.g., aggression, shy/anxious and assertive social skills). Results indicate that AIDS orphans and vulnerable children had disadvantages in school performances in comparison to their peers from the same community who did not experience AIDS-related death and illness in their family (comparison children). AIDS orphans had the lowest academic marks based on the reports of both children and teachers. Educational expectation was significantly lower among AIDS orphans and vulnerable children than comparison children from teacher's perspective. AIDS orphans were significantly more likely to demonstrate aggressive, impulsive and anxious behaviors than non-orphans. Moreover, orphans have more learning difficulties. Vulnerable children were also at a disadvantage on most measures. The data suggest that a greater attention is needed to the school performance and behavior of children affected by AIDS. The findings also indicate that AIDS relief and assistance program for children should go beyond the school attendance and make efforts to improve their school performance and education aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tu
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Computer, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yunfei Lv
- College of Educational Sciences, Henan University, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- College of Educational Sciences, Henan University, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Bonita Stanton
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
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